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| {{Dab page|Doctor Who (disambiguation)}}
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| '''''Doctor Who''''' is both a television show and a multimedia franchise created and controlled by the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]].
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| It centres on a time traveller called "[[the Doctor]]", who comes from a race of beings known as [[Time Lord]]s. He travels through space and time in a [[time machine]] he calls [[The Doctor's TARDIS|the TARDIS]]. This ship — which looks like a small, [[London]] [[police box]] on the outside — has nearly [[dimensionally transcendental|infinite dimensions on the inside]]. It has become such an iconic shape in [[British]] culture that it is currently the intellectual property of the [[British Broadcasting Corporation|BBC]] rather than its actual makers, the [[Metropolitan Police Service]].
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| In order to accommodate cast changes, the narrative allows the Doctor to [[regenerate]] into an essentially new person on occasion. The cast is rounded out by one or more "[[companion]]s", often females. On average, the main cast completely changes once every three or four years — a significant factor in the longevity of the programme.
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| It has had two — some argue ''three'' — major production periods. The original run of the programme was from [[1963]] to [[1989]], and is often called the "classic series" or "classic ''Doctor Who''". A failed revival, in the form of a [[Universal Studios|Universal]]-BBC co-production, came in [[1996]] — but the resulting [[Doctor Who (1996)|one-off tele movie]] is often considered a part of the classic series. The current form of the programme — sometimes called the "new series" — has been produced by [[BBC Wales]] and aired on [[BBC One]] since [[2005]]. It is currently the more popular iteration.
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| Though the classic series is fondly remembered by fans of a certain age, the new series has been far more consistently popular with the [[British]] public, and is usually the highest-rated scripted drama — outside of perennially popular soap operas — in the weeks that it is on the air.
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| The franchise spawned by the main television programmes includes dozens of distinct ranges of spinoffs in televised, audio and print media.
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| == History of ''Doctor Who'' ==
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| === Origin ===
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| Several individuals share credit for establishing ''Doctor Who'' in 1963, but it is generally accepted that the original impetus for the series, as well as the establishment of certain aspects, such as the concept of the [[the Doctor's TARDIS|TARDIS]], the basic character of [[the Doctor]] and the title ''Doctor Who'' itself belong to Canadian-born [[Sydney Newman]], who is also credited with creating another iconic series, ''The Avengers''. Others involved in piecing together the puzzle that became the series include [[Head of Serials]] [[Donald Wilson]], [[writer]] [[C. E. Webber]], [[script editor]] [[David Whitaker]] and the show's first [[producer]], [[Verity Lambert]], the first woman to hold such a position at the BBC. (Decades later, a line of dialogue paid tribute to Newman and Lambert's role in creating ''Doctor Who'', when the [[Tenth Doctor]], in disguise as human [[John Smith (Tenth Doctor)|John Smith]], named his parents as Sydney and Verity in the [[2007]] episode, ''[[Human Nature (TV story)|Human Nature]]''.)
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| Two other notable participants in the birth of the series were [[Anthony Coburn]] and [[Waris Hussein]], the writer and [[director]], respectively, of the first four-part serial, ''[[An Unearthly Child (TV story)|An Unearthly Child]]'', the first episode of which aired on [[23 November]] [[1963]]. The version of the first episode that was broadcast was in fact the second mounting of that episode; an earlier version (called ''[[The Pilot Episode]]'' by fans), was taped some weeks before, but rejected for several issues. The BBC allowed a second mounting of the pilot to proceed. The first episode aired the day after the assassination of [[John F. Kennedy]] and had to be rebroadcast [[30 November|a week later]] when power failures disrupted the first broadcast.
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| Also important to creating the atmosphere of the early series were [[composer]]s [[Ron Grainer]] and [[Delia Derbyshire]]. Grainer wrote the basic melody of the "[[Doctor Who theme|''Doctor Who'' theme]]", and Derbyshire, with the [[BBC Radiophonic Workshop]], transformed it into a pioneering piece of electronica music. There have been several arrangements used of the "Doctor Who theme", but the basic melody has remained unchanged. No new piece of music has ever been commissioned as a theme, making it one of the longest-serving theme songs in television history.
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| The first episode broadcast, ''[[An Unearthly Child]]'', introduced the [[First Doctor|first incarnation of the Doctor]], played by character actor [[William Hartnell]]. Supporting him were [[William Russell]] (known worldwide at the time for starring in the [[1950s]] action-adventure series ''The Adventures of Sir Lancelot'') and [[Jacqueline Hill]] as [[Ian Chesterton]] and [[Barbara Wright]], respectively, and [[Carole Ann Ford]] as the Doctor's granddaughter, [[Susan Foreman]]. These four would form the core cast of the series throughout its [[Season 1|first season]] and into the [[Season 2|second]].
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| ==== The Daleks ====
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| After the first episode introduced the characters and concept, the remaining three episodes of ''[[An Unearthly Child]]'' encompassed a modest storyline involving a group of cavemen in [[BC#Prehistory|prehistoric]] times. The series began to find its voice as a [[science fiction]] series with the second serial, ''[[The Daleks]]'' by [[Terry Nation]]. It introduced the [[Dalek]]s, the single most iconic recurring enemy of the franchise. The series began to really take off in popularity with this serial, which helped launch "[[Dalekmania]]" in the UK, leading to toys, the first novelisation ''[[Doctor Who in an Exciting Adventure with the Daleks]]'', the movie adaptation ''[[Dr. Who and the Daleks]]'', and many televised sequels, beginning with ''[[The Dalek Invasion of Earth]]''.
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| === Early cast changes ===
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| ''The Dalek Invasion of Earth'' was also notable for featuring the series' first cast change. Carole Ann Ford left the series. She was replaced the following week by [[Maureen O'Brien]] as [[Vicki]], establishing the pattern of the Doctor's companions changing. The other original actors, William Russell and Jacqueline Hill, left the series a few months later at the conclusion of ''[[The Chase]]'', making way for another new companion, [[Steven Taylor]], played by [[Peter Purves]]. Over the decades, the length of service of different companions has ranged from as little as a few weeks (with some being considered companions after appearing in only a single episode), up to several years. Some actors have returned to reprise their roles years and even decades later (most notably [[Elisabeth Sladen]] as [[Sarah Jane Smith]]).
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| === A change of identity ===
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| The next major turning point in the series occurred in [[1966]] when the actor playing the [[First Doctor]], [[William Hartnell]], left the series. Rather than introduce a new leading character, replace Hartnell with no explanation (a situation that would be faced a few years later by the American situation comedy ''Bewitched'' when it had to recast its male lead) or simply cancel the series, the producers, with input from [[Sydney Newman]], chose to establish the Doctor's ability to [[regeneration|regenerate]] into a new person when injured or near death (although it would take years to finalise elements of this process). This led to the dramatic - and successful - transition to [[Patrick Troughton]] as the [[Second Doctor]] at the conclusion of ''[[The Tenth Planet]]'' (a serial that was in itself notable for introducing the franchise's second most popular recurring villains, the [[Cyberman|Cybermen]]).
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| The experiment of regenerating the Doctor occurred again in [[1970]] with the introduction of onetime comic actor [[Jon Pertwee]] as the [[Third Doctor]], a move that also coincided with the series changing to colour production. Once again, this was successful and ''Doctor Who'' continued to establish itself as a British TV institution, although it remained virtually unknown in American markets.
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| === Target Books ===
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| In [[1973]], [[Target Books]] reissued a trilogy of novelizations from the mid-[[1960s]], and in [[1974]] began to issue its own adaptations of televised episodes. In a time before [[VCR|home video recorders]] and commercial release of TV series on tape and [[DVD]] and when rebroadcasts were rare and many old episodes were thought lost, the Target line became a popular and valued aspect of the growing Doctor Who franchise; the books would be published into the mid-[[1990s]]. A unique feature of the Target line (in fact dating back to the first novelizations published by [[Frederick Muller]]) is that many of the books were written by either the original scriptwriters or by individuals with strong behind-the-scenes connections to the series, such as [[Barry Letts]], [[Terrance Dicks]], [[David Whitaker]], etc., all of whom worked in [[script editor|script editing]] or [[producer|producing]] capacities on the series. In the late 70s, about a dozen of the Target novels were reprinted in American editions by [[Pinnacle Books]], with introductions by noted science fiction author [[Harlan Ellison]], who added to the franchise's prestige by placing it higher in his estimation than ''[[Star Trek]]''.
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| === The Tom Baker years ===
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| The series continued through the [[1970s]], with [[Tom Baker]] taking on the role of the [[Fourth Doctor]] in [[1974]]. Baker became the most iconic, and arguably most popular actor of the classic series. This was due in part to the frequent rebroadcasts of his episodes in the United Kingdom, which began during his tenure. He was the first "young" Doctor and played the role for more seasons (seven) than any actor to date. Other actors have been considered the "current" Doctor for longer, but without regular television appearances. Near the end of the Tom Baker era, the BBC attempted a spin-off series, ''[[K9 and Company]]'', but it never went beyond a pilot episode, ''[[A Girl's Best Friend]]''.
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| The US broadcasts of ''Doctor Who'' were initially poorly done, with some broadcasters airing a version with narration explaining the plot. By the late 1970s, however, the series was firmly entrenched in the [[Public Broadcasting Service]] (PBS), which would air the show repeatedly over the next three decades and air the revived series after [[2004]].
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| === The John Nathan-Turner era ===
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| [[Peter Davison]] succeeded Baker in [[1981]] as the [[Fifth Doctor]] with new [[Producer]] (who had joined in the [[Season 18|previous season]]), [[John Nathan-Turner]]. Only twenty-nine when he was cast, Davison was, until the appointment of [[Matt Smith]] as the [[Eleventh Doctor]] in [[2009]], the youngest actor ever to play the Doctor officially. The TARDIS crew of the Fifth Doctor skewed younger and featured the first long-term companion's death when [[Adric]] died at the end of ''[[Earthshock]]''. Two short-term companions had died earlier in one serial, [[The Daleks' Master Plan (TV story)|The Daleks' Master Plan]], but they had not been on the show more than a few weeks; Adric was on the series for about a year.
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| Davison's era was marked by experimentation by the BBC in terms of broadcast scheduling. The series moved to airing twice a week on weeknights, away from its traditional Saturday slot. Initially, this appeared to be a successful gambit. The ratings for Davison's early stories were on par if not higher than Tom Baker's later stories. It was during Davison's era that the series marked its 20th anniversary with the feature-length episode ''[[The Five Doctors (TV story)|The Five Doctors]]''. This featured all the actors who had played the Doctor to that time (although Hartnell and Tom Baker were shown in stock footage).
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| [[Colin Baker]] followed Davison as the [[Sixth Doctor]] in [[1984]]. The BBC further experimented with the format, moving from twenty-minute to forty-five-minute episodes. Nathan-Turner also experimented with the characterisation of the Doctor, intentionally making the Sixth Doctor initially unlikeable in order to create a new dynamic. Neither experiment was successful. Colin Baker's tenure was marked by a serious threat to the show's survival when the BBC, citing low ratings, announced it was ending the series after the [[1985]] season, its [[Season 22|22nd]]. Following immediate outcry, this decision was modified to become an eighteen-month hiatus. During the hiatus, fan efforts were launched to get the show back sooner. These included the recording of a charity record called "[[Doctor in Distress]]" by cast members. [[BBC Radio]] tried to fill the void by producing the first made-for-radio ''Doctor Who'' serial, ''[[Slipback]]'', starring Colin Baker.
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| The series returned in [[1986]] with a season-long story arc, ''[[Season 23|The Trial of a Time Lord]]'', but with greatly reduced screen time. Fourteen episodes were allotted for the season, up from thirteen the previous season, but with episode lengths returned to twenty-five minutes. This was roughly half the storytelling time of recent seasons.
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| === End of an era ===
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| Although the show's return garnered sufficient ratings for the BBC to grant a stay of execution and renew it for a [[season 24|twenty-fourth season]], Colin Baker's contract as the Doctor was not renewed and he ceded the role to [[Sylvester McCoy]] as the [[Seventh Doctor]] in [[1987]].
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| The series survived the hiatus, but never regained ratings needed for ongoing survival, constantly being beaten in the ratings by ''[[Coronation Street]]''. Towards the end, it garnered ratings barely in the three million range, compared to eleven million at the peak of the Tom Baker era.
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| Attempts were made to refresh the ageing series by darkening the character of the Doctor through what was later called the [[Cartmel Masterplan]] (named for then-script editor [[Andrew Cartmel]]), and by introducing [[Ace]], a companion with an edginess never before seen in an assistant.
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| The same year that McCoy took over, a fan-produced independent film, ''[[Wartime]]'', was released. Taking advantage of a loophole in licensing that allows characters other than the Doctor to be licensed direct from their creators, this film featuring [[John Benton]] was the first of what would be a series of fan-made productions that would help keep the [[Doctor Who universe|''Doctor Who'' universe]] alive after 1989.
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| During McCoy's era the series celebrated its 25th anniversary on TV. One of the year's serials, ''[[Remembrance of the Daleks]]'', returned the Doctor to [[76 Totter's Lane]], where it all began in 1963.
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| Following production of the [[Season 26|twenty-sixth season]], Nathan-Turner learned that the show would not be renewed immediately for a twenty-seventh season. After having McCoy record a series-ending monologue, the final episode -- part 3 of the ironically titled ''[[Survival]]'' -- aired on [[6 December]] [[1989]], bringing ''Doctor Who's'' marathon 26-year run to a close. The Doctor Who Production Office closed down the following summer.
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| It has never been made clear whether the BBC ever actually "cancelled" ''Doctor Who'' in 1989, or simply put the series on hold. One of the first to state outright that the show was cancelled was co-star [[Sophie Aldred]] in the documentary ''[[More than Thirty Years in the TARDIS]]''.
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| === "The Wilderness Years" ===
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| The end of active production was made official in [[1990]]. The Doctor Who Production Office was closed. The BBC never officially cancelled the series. It simply didn't commission any new episodes. This led to the launch of a cottage industry of spin-off work. These included the first long-term range of original fiction (the [[Virgin New Adventures]] series). Target Books exhausted all available remaining serials to novelise and the brand was retired in [[1994]]. There were numerous independent video productions with characters and creatures from the series, but never the Doctor himself. Many of their new actors, writers and directors would become involved in the main ''Doctor Who'' series, including [[Nicholas Briggs]] and [[Mark Gatiss]]. In [[1993]], the BBC made a half-hearted attempt at marking the thirtieth anniversary, first commissioning, then cancelling, a multi-Doctor special called ''[[The Dark Dimension]]''. Instead they greenlit a brief, poorly received pastiche, ''[[Dimensions in Time]]'' which aired as part of a [[Children in Need]] fund-raiser and as a dubious crossover with the soap opera ''[[EastEnders]]''.
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| For original fiction, Virgin's New Adventures picked up where ''Survival'' had left off. Over the next five years it greatly expanded the world of the Seventh Doctor, and ''Doctor Who'', by featuring stories with more adult storylines than was possible on TV. The books also introduced the character of [[Bernice Summerfield]], who was initially a companion of the Seventh Doctor's. Over time she developed her own mini-franchise, which continues to this day. Virgin also launched a similar series of books called the Virgin Missing Adventures, featuring past Doctors. One New Adventures novel, ''[[Damaged Goods]]'', was written by a young writer who would later play a major role in the history of ''Doctor Who'' - [[Russell T Davies]]. Another future producer of the series, [[Steven Moffat]], contributed short stories to Virgin's third line of ''Doctor Who'' fiction, the [[Virgin Decalogs]]. Around this time, Moffat also made his ''Doctor Who'' TV writing debut by penning the parody serial ''[[The Curse of Fatal Death]]''. It aired as a fund-raiser for [[Comic Relief]] and starred [[Rowan Atkinson]], [[Richard E. Grant]], [[Jim Broadbent]], [[Hugh Grant]], and [[Joanna Lumley]] as the 9th through 13th incarnations of the Doctor.
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| ==== A false restart ====
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| The franchise's so-called "first interregnum" on television ended in [[1996]] with an attempt at launching an American-UK co-produced ''Doctor Who'' series. A telemovie was produced for the American [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox Network]], ''[[Doctor Who (1996)|Doctor Who]]'', in which [[Sylvester McCoy|McCoy]] handed off to [[Paul McGann]]'s [[Eighth Doctor]]. Neither a reboot or re-imagining, the film was a continuation of the original series. While moderately successful on the BBC, it failed to garner sufficient ratings in the US to warrant a new series. McCoy, in a later interview with ''[[Doctor Who Confidential]]'', postulated that the film failed in the US in part because viewers unfamiliar with the history of ''Doctor Who'' were confused by the first part of the film, which dealt with regeneration.
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| ==== Back to the wilderness ====
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| The "second interregnum" that followed saw more novels (now published by the BBC under its [[BBC Books]] logo, featuring the Eighth Doctor), more independent productions, [[Virgin Bernice Summerfield New Adventures|a separate series of Bernice Summerfield novels]] and, in [[1998]], the start of a prolific series of officially licenced audio stories by [[Big Finish Productions]]. Unlike the independent made-for-video productions, Big Finish could use Doctors and companions from the series. With the exception of [[Tom Baker]] (who wouldn't join Big Finish until [[2012]]) and earlier Doctors now deceased, the audios featured the original actors. In particular Big Finish produced a long-running series of programs continuing the adventures of McGann's Eighth Doctor. Big Finish also produced a prolific series of [[Big Finish Bernice Summerfield series|audio dramas featuring Bernice Summerfield]] (and began publishing novels featuring her once Virgin ended its series of books) as well as other spin-off series featuring other parts of the ''Doctor Who'' universe, such as ''[[Dalek Empire (audio series)|Dalek Empire]]'', ''[[I, Davros]]'', ''[[Sarah Jane Smith (audio series)|Sarah Jane Smith]]'' and ''[[Gallifrey (audio series)|Gallifrey]]''. Many of the writers, directors, and voice actors involved in this project also went on to work on the TV series proper.
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| The BBC also created new ''Doctor Who''-related media projects during this time, creating several original webcast productions in conjunction with Big Finish, and making several Virgin-era Doctor Who novels available as e-books on its website.
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| === The triumphant return ===
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| In [[2003]] for the 40th anniversary, the BBC released the 6 part webcast ''[[Scream of the Shalka (webcast)|Scream of the Shalka]]'', in which [[Richard E. Grant]] was introduced as the Ninth Doctor. Intended to be an "official" continuation of the television series, [[Ninth Doctor (Scream of the Shalka)|this version of the character]] was quickly relegated to non-canon status with the [[Series 1 (Doctor Who)|2005 series]] revival. The BBC stunned fans by announcing that its Welsh production office, [[BBC Wales]], had been given the go-ahead to produce a brand-new series of ''Doctor Who''. The series would be produced by [[Russell T Davies]] and [[Julie Gardner]]. Davies, since his days writing ''Doctor Who'' fiction for Virgin, had gone on to create the critically acclaimed series, ''Queer as Folk''.
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| In the following months, details of the new series emerged. Fans still questioned if the new series would be a continuation of the original series (a twenty-seventh season), or a reimagining (as had recently occurred to great effect with ''Battlestar Galactica''). Would the [[Doctor Who (TV story)|Paul McGann movie]] or ''Scream of the Shalka'' count? There was initial controversy when pop singer [[Billie Piper]] was cast as the new companion. The new series logo riled some fans; BBC News reported that some on the production team had received death threats over it.
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| The BBC's decision to restart the numbering of the series with [[Series 1 (Doctor Who)|Series 1]] in [[2005]] fueled the debate over whether the new show would be a continuation. The BBC indicated it was strictly a commercial decision, and part of an overall strategy not to alienate new viewers by suggesting they needed to know twenty-six years of backstory.
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| ''Doctor Who'' returned to television in the spring of 2005. [[Christopher Eccleston]] took over from [[Paul McGann|McGann]] as the [[Ninth Doctor]]. After initial uncertainty, it was soon established the new series was a continuation of the old. The new episodes returned ''Doctor Who'' to levels of popularity not seen since the [[1970s]], and garnered awards the original series never saw. Eccleston's brief era marked the return of [[UNIT]], the [[Auton]]s, the [[Nestene Consciousness]], the [[Dalek]]s and the [[Dalek Emperor]] to television, as well as the introduction of [[Jack Harkness]], who would become a recurring character during the Russel T. Davies era. In March [[2006]], the new series was first broadcast in the United States on the [[Syfy|SciFi Channel]]. Audiences embraced the new series, with Billie Piper's [[Rose Tyler]], in particular, becoming one of the most popular companions in ''Doctor Who''.
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| The show stumbled slightly with the announcement days after its premiere that Eccleston was leaving after a single season. The BBC later apologised for the timing of this announcement. The tenure of his replacement, [[David Tennant]]'s [[Tenth Doctor]], was dominated by the relationship between the Doctor and Rose Tyler, a closer bond than even the 'Mentor' type relationship shared between the [[Seventh Doctor]] and [[Ace]]. Tennant's era also saw the return of [[Sarah Jane Smith]] in ''[[School Reunion]]'', the episode most cited as the one that established once and for all that "nuWho" was a direct continuation of the 1963-89 series. This was followed by the [[Children in Need]] mini-episode ''[[Time Crash]]'' in which Peter Davison reprised his role as the Fifth Doctor.
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| Tennant's era also saw the reintroduction of the [[Cyberman|Cybermen]], albeit a parallel version. Related to this, the series began delving into the multiverse concept with ''[[Rise of the Cybermen]]'', a topic that would dominate the final episodes of the fourth season in [[2008]].
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| Since the show's return to TV, ''Doctor Who'' has become a major franchise. It spawned two successful spin-off series in quick succession: ''[[Torchwood (TV series)|Torchwood]]'' and ''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]''; both centred around the adventures of former companions. There is a third, non-BBC spin-off, ''[[K9 (TV series)|K9]]''. Two documentary series were launched with the return of ''Doctor Who'': ''[[Doctor Who Confidential]]'', (2005-2011) and ''[[Totally Doctor Who]]'' (2006-2007). The last series also produced the first animated-for-television ''Doctor Who'' serial, ''[[The Infinite Quest]]'', which aired in 2007 and featured Tennant. A second animated serial, ''[[Dreamland (TV story)|Dreamland]]'', aired in [[2009]].
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| The Tennant era also saw the start of a new tradition in late 2005: the Doctor Who Christmas Special, holiday-themed episodes aired separately from the regular seasons. {{As of|2012}}, seven such specials have been aired. The series has also contributed several mini-episodes, such as the aforementioned ''Time Crash'', to the [[Children in Need]] Appeal and the [[BBC Prom]] concert series (''[[Music of the Spheres]]'').
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| The conclusion of the [[Series 4 (Doctor Who)|fourth revived season]] in 2008, which linked all four series together and featured the return of Rose and other companions, saw ''Doctor Who'' garner its highest ratings in nearly thirty years. It was followed by the 2008 Christmas special, ''[[The Next Doctor]]'', which included a scene -- the first of its kind -- in which all ten Doctors, including the debated Paul McGann's Eighth Doctor, were shown, firmly establishing the Eighth Doctor's place in his personal history.
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| ==== The transition ====
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| The year [[2009]] was a transition year for ''Doctor Who''. The series had only four episodes, aired as specials in April, November and on Christmas Day and New Year's Day 2010. These specials and an animated serial, ''[[Dreamland (TV story)|Dreamland]]'', marked David Tennant's final appearances as the [[Tenth Doctor]]. The decision for the series to take a break following Series 4 was, according to Davies' book ''[[The Writer's Tale]]'', planned as far back as Tennant's first year. Davies devised the break to smooth the transition between his term as show-runner and that of [[Steven Moffat]], whom he invited to take over his post as executive producer and lead writer when the series returned as a weekly progamme in [[2010]]. Tennant took advantage of this break to appear in a high-profile stage production of ''[[Hamlet]]'' co-starring ''[[Star Trek]]'' icon Patrick Stewart, which some media erroneously indicated was the reason for the break.
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| The announcement of the [[2009 Specials (Doctor Who)|gap year]] was followed by the announcement that Davies and Julie Gardner would be stepping aside as executive producers of ''Doctor Who'' following the specials. Moffat, who won the [[Hugo Award]] three years running for his ''Doctor Who'' scripts, was appointed new head writer and executive producer. Also appointed executive producers were [[Piers Wenger]] and [[Beth Willis]].
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| The question of whether Tennant would stay on was a hot topic in the UK media for much of 2008. In October [[2008]] Tennant, while accepting his [[National Television Awards|National Television Award]] for Favourite Actor, announced he would leave the role after the specials. After months of speculation, it was announced on [[3 January]] 2009 that twenty-six-year-old [[Matt Smith]] would join the series in 2010 as the [[Eleventh Doctor]], smashing [[Peter Davison]]'s record as the youngest Doctor ever.
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| The end of Series 4 and the start of the specials marked a "changing of the guard" for international broadcasts of the series in the US and Canada. In the US, the [[Syfy|SciFi Channel]] relinquished first-broadcast rights to [[BBC America]]. In Canada the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]'s controversial handling of the series (which had seen a marked decrease in network interest and destructive editing of the Series 4 finale for commercials) came to an abrupt end when the cable network [[Space (TV channel)|Space]] adopted the series. Both began airing the series with ''The Next Doctor'' in the spring of 2009 and announced they would air the weekly series in 2010.
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| The first gap-year special, ''[[Planet of the Dead (TV story)|Planet of the Dead]]'' aired during Easter 2009. ''Planet of the Dead'' was the first ''Doctor Who'' episode to be filmed in [[Wikipedia:High-definition television|high definition]] and, subsequently, the first to be issued to Blu-Ray.
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| Meanwhile, ''Torchwood'' aired its [[Series 3 (Torchwood)|third series]] in July 2009, now on [[BBC One]], but in a different format: a single, critically acclaimed, five-episode story entitled ''[[Children of Earth]]''. It also aired to acclaim and high ratings on BBC America and Space. ''The Sarah Jane Adventures'' began its [[Series 3 (SJA)|third series]] in October 2009, with David Tennant playing the Doctor in two episodes. Work on a non-BBC spin-off series, ''[[K9 (TV series)|K9]]'', also progressed through the year.
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| The second special of the "gap year", ''[[The Waters of Mars]]'' aired in November 2009, and an animated adventure, ''[[Dreamland (TV story)|Dreamland]]'', was broadcast serialised on the BBC's Red Button service before being aired as one programme by the BBC proper.
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| During the Christmas season, Tennant appeared as the Doctor in a series of [[2009 BBC Christmas Idents|Christmas idents]] for the BBC. Finally, the era of the Tenth Doctor ended with the two-part special ''[[The End of Time (TV story)|The End of Time]]''. Part 1 aired on [[25 December]] 2009 and the conclusion, with David Tennant handing over the role to Matt Smith, aired on [[1 January]] 2010.
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| ==== The new man ====
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| Production of the [[Series 5 (Doctor Who)|first Matt Smith episodes]] commenced in July 2009. Writers recruited for the new season included [[Richard Curtis]] (co-creator of ''Blackadder'' and writer of ''Four Weddings and a Funeral'') and [[Toby Whithouse]] (creator of ''Being Human''). Noted fantasy writer [[Neil Gaiman]] was rumoured to be involved in the new season. These rumours proved to be correct; he authored the [[Series 6 (Doctor Who)|series 6]] episode [[The Doctor's Wife (TV story)|The Doctor's Wife]]. [[Michael Moorcock]], another noted fantasy novelist, also announced he was writing a ''Doctor Who'' novel for publication in 2010.
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| Minor competition for Smith arrived in January 2010 when broadcasts of the non-BBC series ''[[K9 (TV series)|K9]]'' began in parts of Europe. The UK, which had seen a preview of the first episode on Halloween 2009, saw the series debut on [[Disney XD]] on [[3 April]] 2010, a few hours before the start of the fifth series.
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| After months of intense publicity, the Matt Smith/Eleventh Doctor era officially began on 3rd April 2010 with the broadcast of ''[[The Eleventh Hour]]'' on BBC One. In a show of international support for the series, broadcasts in the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand were scheduled within a few weeks, the first time the programme's biggest international markets had coincided their broadcasts in this way.
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| The fifth series ran for thirteen weeks, concluding with ''[[The Big Bang]]'' on [[26 June]] [[2010]]. Before the first episode of Series 5 was broadcast, the BBC announced a Christmas special been commissioned for 2010, and a sixth series of the revived series was scheduled to enter production that summer for broadcast in [[2011]].
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| [[Series 6 (Doctor Who)|Series 6]] aired in two parts; the first half aired in the spring and the remaining episodes aired in the autumn. The BBC claimed the split was to accommodate a story arc with a mid-season cliffhanger, the arc being the revelation of the identity of [[River Song]]. Steven Moffat was said to have requested the split.
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| [[Series 7 (Doctor Who)|Series 7]] aired in two parts as well, although this time the first half aired in the autumn and the second half aired in the spring, with a Christmas special in between. Broadcasts began in September 2012 (depending on country), with ''[[Asylum of the Daleks]]''.
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| Plans for the 50th anniversary special started in [[May]] [[2012]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/s7/doctor-who/news/a382427/steven-moffat-on-doctor-who-sherlock-and-his-bafta-special-award.html |title=Steven Moffat on 'Doctor Who', 'Sherlock' and his BAFTA Special Award |author=Morgan Jeffery |date of source=19 May 2012 |website name=Digital Spy |accessdate=8 July 2012}}</ref>
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| == Continuity ==
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| A common contention among fans and producers of the series is that a large part of the Doctor's appeal comes from his mysterious and alien origins. While over the decades several revelations have been made about his background - that he is a [[Time Lord]], that he is from [[Gallifrey]], among others - the writers have striven to retain some sense of mystery and to preserve the eternal question, "Doctor who?" This backstory was not rigidly planned from the beginning, but developed gradually and haphazardly over the years, the result of the work of many writers and producers.
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| Understandably, this has led to continuity problems. Characters such as [[the Monk]] were retroactively classified as Time Lords, early histories of races such as the [[Dalek]]s were rewritten, and so on. The creation of a detailed backstory has also led to the criticism that too much being known about the Doctor limits both creative possibilities and the sense of mystery. Some of the stories during the [[Sylvester McCoy|Seventh Doctor's]] tenure, part of the so-called "[[Cartmel Masterplan]]", were intended to deal with this issue by suggesting that much of what was believed about the Doctor was wrong and that he is a far more powerful and mysterious figure than previously thought. In both an untelevised scene in ''[[Remembrance of the Daleks]]'' and the subsequent ''[[Silver Nemesis]]'' it is implied (to quote an excised line from "Remembrance") that the Doctor "is more than just a Time Lord." The suspension of the series in [[1989]], however, meant that none of these hints were ever resolved, at least on television. The Virgin New Adventure novel, ''[[Lungbarrow]],'' did resolve these hints and explain the Doctor's origins. However, not all fans regard the spin-off novels as canon, and do not accept the revelations made in that particular story.
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| The [[1996]] [[Doctor Who (1996)|television movie]] created even more uncertainty about the character, revealing that the Doctor had a human mother and he remembered his father. Fans, however, seemed to be more upset about the fact that the Eighth Doctor kissed Dr. [[Grace Holloway]], breaking the series' longstanding taboo against the Doctor having any romantic involvement with his companions.
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| The revelation in the 1996 television movie that the Doctor was half-[[human]] is often considered to be a continuity error as the Doctor is considered by most to be a full Time Lord, causing fans to attempt to find alternative explanations about why the Doctor claimed to be part human.
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| While some fans regard discontinuities as a problem, others regard it as a source of interest or humour — an attitude taken in the book ''[[The Discontinuity Guide]]''. A common fan explanation is that a universe with time travellers is likely to have many historical inconsistencies.
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| The revived series has tackled this issue head on by suggesting that "time is in flux" and with the exception of certain [[fixed points in time]], most anything can be changed. Recently, some fan interpretations of the [[series 5 (Doctor Who)|series 5]] finale, ''[[The Big Bang]]'', have suggested a potential reboot of ''Doctor Who'' continuity ''in toto'', but there is also evidence in opposition to this view.
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| There has been much fan speculation on exactly which aspects of the television series, books, radio dramatisations, and other sources are considered canon. This has been made more complex by the fact that at least one novel, short story, comic, and audio have all been adapted for the TV series. Additionally, the events of at least one novel have been referenced on screen. For their part, the BBC have never issued a firm edict as to what counts as "canon". Thus, ''Doctor Who'' stands in stark contrast to the more formalised canons of ''Star Trek'', ''Star Wars'', ''Harry Potter'', ''The Lord of the Rings'' — and, indeed, most every other fictional universe.
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| == "Doctor Who?" ==
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| When the series begins, nothing is known of the Doctor at all, not even his name. In the very first serial, ''[[An Unearthly Child]]'', two teachers from the [[Coal Hill School]] in [[London]], [[Barbara Wright]] and [[Ian Chesterton]], become intrigued by one of their students, [[Susan Foreman]], who exhibits high intelligence and patchy, unusually advanced knowledge. Trailing her to a junkyard at [[76 Totter's Lane]], they encounter a strange old man and hear Susan's voice coming from inside what appears to be a [[police box]]. Pushing their way inside, the two find that the exterior is actually camouflage for the [[dimensionally transcendental]] interior of [[the TARDIS]].
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| Susan calls the old man "Grandfather", but he simply calls himself the Doctor. When he fears Ian and Barbara may alert the local authorities to what they've seen, he whisks them all away to another place in time and space.
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| In the first episode, Ian addresses the Doctor as "Doctor Foreman," as the junkyard in which they find him bears the sign "I.M. Foreman". When addressed by Ian with this name in the next episode, the Time Lord responds, "Eh? Doctor who? What's he talking about?" Later, when Ian realises that "Foreman" is not his name, he asks Barbara, "Who is he? Doctor who?" Although listed in the on-screen credits for nearly twenty years as "Doctor Who", the Doctor is never really called by that name in the series, except in that same [[The "Doctor Who?" running joke|tongue-in-cheek manner]]. For example, in ''[[The Five Doctors (TV story)|The Five Doctors]]'' when one character refers to him as "the Doctor", another character asks, "Who?" The only real exception has been the computer [[WOTAN]], in the serial, ''[[The War Machines]]'', which commanded that "Doctor Who is required."
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| In ''[[The Gunfighters]]'', the [[First Doctor]] uses the [[Aliases of the Doctor|alias]] [[Wikipedia:The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari|Dr. Caligari]]. In ''[[The Highlanders]]'' the Second Doctor assumes the name of "Doctor von Wer" (a German translation of "Doctor of Who"), and signs himself as "Dr. W" in ''[[The Underwater Menace]]''. In ''[[The Wheel in Space]]'', his companion [[Jamie McCrimmon|Jamie]], reads the name off some medical equipment, and tells the crew of the Wheel that the Doctor's name is "John Smith". The Doctor adopts this alias several times over the course of the series, often prefixing the title "Doctor" to it. This has continued to the [[Tenth Doctor]], and was famously referenced to in the [[1996]] [[Doctor Who (1996)|television movie]], where even though the Doctor is unconscious, a complete stranger, seemingly at random, writes the name John Smith on the Doctor's hospital admission papers.
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| In ''[[The Armageddon Factor]]'', the Time Lord [[Drax]] addresses the [[Fourth Doctor]] as "Theet", short for "Theta Sigma", apparently a University nickname. In the [[1988]] serial ''[[Remembrance of the Daleks]]'', the [[Seventh Doctor]] is asked to sign a document, which he does by using a question mark, and produces a calling card with a series of Greek letters (or [[Gallifreyan (language)|Old High Gallifreyan]] script) and a question mark inscribed on it. The [[Eighth Doctor]] briefly used the alias "Dr. Bowman" in the 1996 television movie. He has also been mocked by his fellow Time Lords for adhering to such a "lowly" title as "Doctor".
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| In many [[Doctor Who spin-offs|spin-off]] comic strips, books, films and other media, the character is often called "Doctor Who" (or just "Dr. Who") as a matter of course, though this has declined in recent years. From the first story through to ''[[Logopolis (TV story)|Logopolis]]'' (the last story of [[Season 18]] and also of the Tom Baker era), the lead character was listed as "Doctor Who". Starting with [[Peter Davison]]'s first story, ''[[Castrovalva (TV story)|Castrovalva]]'' (also the first story of [[Season 19]]), the lead character is credited simply as "The Doctor".
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| ''Doctor Who'' writer [[Terrance Dicks]] offered the theory that Time Lord names were "jawbreakers," long and extremely difficult to pronounce, and this was why the Doctor never revealed his true name. However, [[River Song]], one of the few people ever to know his name, was able to whisper it in his ear in a very short time. Some fans have speculated, taking off from the fact that the full name of the Time Lady [[Romana]] is Romanadvoratrelundar, that the first syllable of the Doctor's true name is "Who". It should be noted that, although it is often asserted that "Doctor Who" is ''not'' the character's name, there is nothing in the series itself that actually confirms this. On at least one occasion the Doctor is about to give a name after the title "Doctor..." but is interrupted. Interestingly, the BBC novel, ''[[The Infinity Doctors]]'' mentions an ancient Gallifreyan god named "[[Ohm|OHM]]". When this name is turned upside down, the result is "WHO." This idea originated in early drafts of ''[[The Three Doctors]]'' by [[Bob Baker]] and [[Dave Martin]]. The character of "Ohm" eventually became [[Omega]].
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| It is interesting to note that, while spin-off media is known to "fill in the blanks" regarding aspects of ''Doctor Who'' lore -- for example, several novels "revealed" [[The Master]]'s real name -- no officially licensed media has ever seriously attempted to solve the riddle of the Doctor's real name. Notwithstanding early spin-off media that treated "Doctor Who" as his name, of course.
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| During [[Matt Smith]]'s reign as the [[Eleventh Doctor]], it was revealed that the oldest question in the universe was "Doctor Who?" and considering how desperate the [[Silence]], a religious order devoted to destroying the Doctor, are to keep him from revealing it, the consequences of him telling anyone his real name must be catastrophic. The [[Tenth Doctor]], played by [[David Tennant]], has stated that there was only one reason and one time that he would or could reveal his true name.
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| In ''[[The Bells of Saint John (TV story)|The Bells of Saint John]]'', the Eleventh Doctor asked Clara to repeat the question, and stated that he didn't realise how much he enjoyed being people asking him "Doctor Who?"
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| == Accolades ==
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| In [[2000]], in a poll of industry professionals, the [[Wikipedia:British Film Institute|British Film Institute]] voted ''Doctor Who'' #3 in a list of the [[Wikipedia:100 Greatest British Television Programmes|100 Greatest British Television Programmes]]. Since its return in 2005, the series has received many nominations and awards both nationally (UK) and internationally. This includes [[BAFTA]]s, the [[National Television Awards]] and the [[Hugo Award]]s. American accolades have been fewer and farther between, although in 2007 it broke a barrier by receiving a nomination for the 2008 People's Choice Awards, although it did not win. The series' revival found its highest ratings not in the UK but in South Korea. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://weblogs.variety.com/on_the_air/2010/06/torchwood.html |title='Torchwood' on Starz: Just as before, Capt. Jack will get you bi tonight |author=John Weisman |date of source=7 June 2010 |website name=Variety |accessdate=16 April 2012}}</ref>
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| The Guinness World Records have recognised that ''Doctor Who'' has broke, accomplished and set many different records. To see a full list, visit the [[Guinness World Records]] article on this Wikia.
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| Even the "gap year" season of 2009-2010, which consisted of only four specials (five if the 2008 Christmas special, ''[[The Next Doctor]]'' is included), wasn't enough to slow down the train of awards given to ''Doctor Who''. On 20 January 2010 the series won Best Drama and David Tennant won Best Drama Performance at the 2010 National Television Awards.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.doctorwhonews.net/2010/01/national-television-awards-series-wins.html |title=National Television Awards - series and Tennant triumph |author=Anthony Weight |date of source=20 January 2010 |website name=Doctor Who News |accessdate=16 April 2012}}</ref>
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| == Feature films ==
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| To build upon the success of [[Dalekmania]] the series had created in Britain in the 1960's, two feature films were produced (''[[Dr. Who and the Daleks]]'', and ''[[Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D.]]'') and released world-wide. Although both were adapted from the [[William Hartnell]] television stories ''[[The Daleks (TV story)|The Daleks]]'' and ''[[The Dalek Invasion of Earth (TV story)|The Dalek Invasion of Earth]]'' respectively, they feature [[Peter Cushing]] as a [[Human]] scientist named [[Dr. Who (Dalek movies)|Dr. Who]] who invents a [[TARDIS (Dalek movies)|TARDIS]], and as such are not considered to be canonical.
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| In 2011 it was announced that a new feature film would be released, to be directed by ''[[Harry Potter]]'' director [[David Yates (director)|David Yates]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118046098 |title=Yates to direct bigscreen 'Doctor Who' |author=Adam Dawtrey |date of source=14 November 2011 |website name=Variety |accessdate=23 July 2012}}</ref> Although initial news reports suggested that the film would "start from scratch" in terms of continuity, [[Steven Moffat]] subsequently clarified that "any Doctor Who movie would be made by the BBC team, star the current TV Doctor and would certainly not be a Hollywood reboot."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/16035022 |title=Steven Moffat denies Doctor Who 'reboot' film plan |date of source=5 December 2011 |website name=BBC Newsbeat |accessdate=23 July 2012}}</ref> He later reiterated, "There will not come a time when there's a separate kind of ''Doctor Who''. What was talked about there was that there would be a separate Doctor and a different continuity. Of course it won't. That would be silly. Everyone knows that's silly. The BBC knows that's silly, and is not going to do that."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.doctorwhonews.net/2012/07/dwn220712101008-movie-update.html |title=Movie update |author=Chuck Foster |date of source=22 July 2012 |website name=Doctor Who News |accessdate=23 July 2012}}</ref>
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| == Other media ==
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| Although ''Doctor Who'' originated as a television programme, it has become much more than that. Starting with "[[Dalekmania]]" in the [[1960s]], a great deal of merchandise has sprung out of ''Doctor Who''. Some of that merchandise has continued the story of the Doctor's adventures. Over the decades, ''Doctor Who'' has appeared on [[:Category:Doctor Who stage plays|stage]], [[:Category:Theatrical movies|screen]], and [[:Category:BBCR audio stories|radio]], and in a variety of [[:Category:Novels|novels]], [[:Category:Comic stories|comics]], full-cast [[:Category:Big Finish audio stories|audio adventures]] and [[:Category:webcasts|webcasts]]. Beginning in the late [[1980s]], independent production companies such as [[BBV Productions]] and [[Reeltime Pictures]] took advantage of a loophole in the BBC's ownership of ''Doctor Who'' to licence individual characters and monsters from the series directly from their creators and build original film and audio dramas around them; this reached its height after the original series ended in 1989. Many of these productions involved original cast members from the series. Meanwhile, since 1991, a prolific series of original novels rivalled only by the ''Star Trek'' franchise (in terms of quantity) have been published. Many of these productions and novels are highly regarded by some ''Doctor Who'' fans. Several of the writers of the 2005 series previously wrote or scripted adventures for the Doctor in other media.
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| In terms of non-fiction works, ''Doctor Who'' ranks among the most intensely chronicled entertainment franchises in history. Since the publication of ''[[The Making of Doctor Who]]'' in the early [[1970s]], the number of books detailing the production, personnel, and even philosophy behind ''Doctor Who'' has numbered well into three figures. In addition, a growing number of actors connected to the series have published autobiographies (in several cases more than one volume of memoirs), ranging from [[1960s]]-era co-stars such as [[Anneke Wills]] and [[Deborah Watling]] through to more recent actors such as [[Billie Piper]] and [[John Barrowman]].
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| == External links ==
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| <!--
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| This area is NOT for fan sites of any description.
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| If we put one fan site, we have no justification for
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| denying other fan sites. It must therefore be for
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| the official sites of various national broadcasters ONLY.
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| -- CzechOut
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| -->
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| * [http://www.abc.net.au/tv/doctorwho/ '''Official site'''] for the [[Australia]]n broadcaster, [[ABC1|ABC]]
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| * [http://tvcultura.cmais.com.br/doctorwho/ '''Official site'''] for the [[Brazilia]]n broadcaster, [[TV Cultura]]
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| * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/ '''Official site'''] for the [[British Broadcasting Corporation|BBC]]
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| * [http://www.spacecast.com/doctorwho.aspx '''Official site'''] for [[English]]-language [[Canada|Canadian]] broadcaster, [[Space (TV channel)|Space]]
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| * [http://www.tardishr.blogspot.com '''Official site'''] for the [[Croatia]]n broadcaster, [[HRT]]
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| * [http://www.france4.fr/doctor-who/ '''Official site'''] for [[France|French]] broadcaster, [[France 4]]
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| * [http://www.doctorwho.rai.it/dl/portali/site/page/Page-d3382238-9b8c-4d3f-8993-1ea87f8aae2f.html '''Official site'''] for [[Italy|Italian]] broadcaster, Rai 4
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| * [http://www.primetv.co.nz/Portals/0/DoctorWho/index.html '''Official site'''] for [[New Zealand]] broadcaster, [[Prime (broadcaster)|Prime]]
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| * [http://doctorwho.bbcamerica.com/ '''Official site'''] for [[US]] broadcaster, [[BBCA]]
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| == Footnotes ==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Television overviews]] | | [[Category:Television overviews]] |
