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'''16mm film''' was an alternate recording medium used in the [[1960s]], primarily for stories filmed in-studio. It was also the medium onto which stories recorded on videotape were transferred for overseas sales, a process overseen at the time by Film Recording Clerk [[Pamela Nash]] and known as '''telerecording'''.  Most ''[[Doctor Who]]'' stories produced in the 1960s were telerecorded into 16mm format. One exception is "The Feast of Steven," Episode 7 of "[[The Daleks' Master Plan]]," which was never telerecorded and whose videotape record was most likely wiped, making it the first "lost" story (see [[Lost Doctor Who television stories]] for more information). Episode 5 of "[[The Dalek Invasion of Earth]]," Episode 6 of "[[The Wheel in Space]]," Episode 3 of "[[The Dominators]]," Episode 5 of "[[The Mind Robber]]," Episode 1 of "[[The Krotons]]," Episode 5 of "[[The Seeds of Death]]," and Episode 2 of "[[The Space Pirates]]" are other exceptions, as these were telerecorded in 35mm format. Following is a list of stories produced and telerecorded in the 1960s, with the individual episodes of which 16mm telerecorded copies currently exist in the [[BBC]] Film Library:
{{real world}}
A '''telerecording''' (American: '''kinescope''') is a film recording of something originally shot on another medium, usually videotape. Simply speaking, telerecordings are made by simply pointing a film camera directly at a screen playing the content one wishes to transfer to film. The term originally referred within the BBC to any recording of a programme made on either film or videotape, but the term is now used retrospectively to refer only to film recordings.


== Why telerecordings were made of ''Doctor Who'' ==
Telerecordings of ''[[Doctor Who]]'' episodes were made during the 1960s and early 1970s so that episodes could be sold to overseas broadcasters. At that time, many overseas broadcasters didn't possess the technology to broadcast the videotape on which the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] recorded. Thus, Film Recording Clerk [[Pamela Nash]] and her staff would oblige overseas clients by making a master 16mm negative of the episode and then burning off prints of that episode as requested.<ref>Most telerecordings were done in the 16mm format, but, especially towards the end of the 1960s, the 35mm format was sometimes used.</ref>


== [[Season 1]] ==
Because of the expense of the actual medium of videotape, and the then limited ways in which any video recorded material could be reused, it was standard policy to magnetically erase and reuse videotapes. Thus, the telerecordings became the only way in which ''Doctor Who'' episodes survived long past their original broadcast for roughly the first decade of the programme's history.


*[[The Pilot Episode]]  1
== Telerecordings and missing episodes ==
*[[An Unearthly Child]] (4 eps) 1,2,3,4
Between 1972 and 1978, the BBC began to divest itself even of the telerecordings. Some, even most, episodes survived this second purge, surviving in one of two forms: positive and negative. Negatives were effectively the master copies and tended to be found only within the [[BBC Enterprises]] vaults. Positives, or prints, could be found anywhere in the world that the episodes had been bought. For the purposes of restoration, negatives are typically seen as the more desirable, because they were usually more pristine copies.
*[[The Daleks]] (7 eps) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7
*[[The Edge of Destruction]] (2 eps) 1,2
*[[Marco Polo (TV story)|Marco Polo]] (7 eps)
*[[The Keys of Marinus]] (6 eps) 1,2,3,4,5,6
*[[The Aztecs]] (4 eps) 1,2,3,4
*[[The Sensorites]] (6 eps) 1,2,3,4,5,6
*[[The Reign of Terror]] (6 eps) 1,2,3,6


== [[Season 2]] ==
Because all of the videotapes of [[William Hartnell]], [[Patrick Troughton]], and early [[Jon Pertwee]] episodes were wiped, the telerecordings became the only surviving video of these episodes. Almost every episode of these three [[The Doctor|Doctors]] was telerecorded, thus an episode only went fully [[missing episode|missing]] once the last remaining telerecorded copy was destroyed by [[BBC Enterprises]], the international sales division of the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]]. Sometimes the BBC would junk several overseas copies of the same story at the same time, accompanied by the film negatives used by Enterprises to make further copies of the stories. [[Ian Levine]] stepped in and saved a lot of prints waiting to be junked. One of the stories waiting to be junked was the entirety of the second Doctor Who story ''[[The Daleks (TV story)|The Daleks]]'' (positives in both Arabic and English and the original negative).


*[[Planet of Giants]] (3 eps) 1,2,3
== External links ==
*[[The Dalek Invasion of Earth]] (6 eps) 1,2,3,4,5,6
* [http://www.restoration-team.co.uk/ The Restoration Website]
*[[The Rescue]] (2 eps) 1,2
== Footnotes ==
*[[The Romans]] (4 eps) 1,2,3,4
{{reflist}}
*[[The Web Planet]] (6 eps) 1,2,3,4,5,6
*[[The Crusade]] (4 eps) 1,3
*[[The Space Museum]] (4 eps) 1,2,3,4
*[[The Chase]] (6 eps) 1,2,3,4,5,6
*[[The Time Meddler]] (4 eps) 1,2,3,4


== [[Season 3]] ==
[[Category:Terminology]]
 
*[[Galaxy 4 (TV story)|Galaxy 4]] (4 eps)
*[[Mission to the Unknown]] (1 ep)
*[[The Myth Makers]] (4 eps)
*[[The Daleks' Master Plan]] (12 eps) 2, 5,10
*[[The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve]] (4 eps)
*[[The Ark]] (4 eps) 1,2,3,4
*[[The Celestial Toymaker]] (4 eps) 4
*[[The Gunfighters]] (4 eps) 1,2,3,4
*[[The Savages]] (4 eps)
*[[The War Machines]] (4 eps) 1,2,3,4
 
== [[Season 4]] ==
 
*[[The Smugglers]] (4 eps)
*[[The Tenth Planet]] (4 eps) 1,2,3
*[[The Power of the Daleks]] (6 eps)
*[[The Highlanders]] (4 eps)
*[[The Underwater Menace]] (4 eps) 3
*[[The Moonbase]] (4 eps) 2,4
*[[The Macra Terror]] (4 eps)
*[[The Faceless Ones]] (6 eps) 1,3
*[[The Evil of the Daleks]] (7 eps) 2
 
== [[Season 5]] ==
 
*[[The Tomb of the Cybermen]] (4 eps) 1,2,3,4
*[[The Abominable Snowmen]] (6 eps) 2
*[[The Ice Warriors]] (6 eps) 1,4,5,6
*[[The Enemy of the World]] (6 eps) 3
*[[The Web of Fear]] (6 eps) 1
*[[Fury from the Deep]] (6 eps)
*[[The Wheel in Space]] (6 eps) 3,6
 
== [[Season 6]] ==
 
*[[The Dominators]] (5 eps) 1,2,3,4,5
*[[The Mind Robber]] (5 eps) 1,2,3,4,5
*[[The Invasion]] (8 eps) 2,3,5,6,7,8
*[[The Krotons]] (4 eps) 1,2,3,4
*[[The Seeds of Death]] (6 eps) 1,2,3,4,5,6
*[[The Space Pirates]] (6 eps) 2
*[[The War Games]] (10 eps) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
 
 
== External Links ==
 
[http://www.restoration-team.co.uk/ The Restoration Website]
[[Category:Recording formats]]

Revision as of 07:46, 20 April 2022

RealWorld.png

A telerecording (American: kinescope) is a film recording of something originally shot on another medium, usually videotape. Simply speaking, telerecordings are made by simply pointing a film camera directly at a screen playing the content one wishes to transfer to film. The term originally referred within the BBC to any recording of a programme made on either film or videotape, but the term is now used retrospectively to refer only to film recordings.

Why telerecordings were made of Doctor Who

Telerecordings of Doctor Who episodes were made during the 1960s and early 1970s so that episodes could be sold to overseas broadcasters. At that time, many overseas broadcasters didn't possess the technology to broadcast the videotape on which the British Broadcasting Corporation recorded. Thus, Film Recording Clerk Pamela Nash and her staff would oblige overseas clients by making a master 16mm negative of the episode and then burning off prints of that episode as requested.[1]

Because of the expense of the actual medium of videotape, and the then limited ways in which any video recorded material could be reused, it was standard policy to magnetically erase and reuse videotapes. Thus, the telerecordings became the only way in which Doctor Who episodes survived long past their original broadcast for roughly the first decade of the programme's history.

Telerecordings and missing episodes

Between 1972 and 1978, the BBC began to divest itself even of the telerecordings. Some, even most, episodes survived this second purge, surviving in one of two forms: positive and negative. Negatives were effectively the master copies and tended to be found only within the BBC Enterprises vaults. Positives, or prints, could be found anywhere in the world that the episodes had been bought. For the purposes of restoration, negatives are typically seen as the more desirable, because they were usually more pristine copies.

Because all of the videotapes of William Hartnell, Patrick Troughton, and early Jon Pertwee episodes were wiped, the telerecordings became the only surviving video of these episodes. Almost every episode of these three Doctors was telerecorded, thus an episode only went fully missing once the last remaining telerecorded copy was destroyed by BBC Enterprises, the international sales division of the British Broadcasting Corporation. Sometimes the BBC would junk several overseas copies of the same story at the same time, accompanied by the film negatives used by Enterprises to make further copies of the stories. Ian Levine stepped in and saved a lot of prints waiting to be junked. One of the stories waiting to be junked was the entirety of the second Doctor Who story The Daleks (positives in both Arabic and English and the original negative).

External links

Footnotes

  1. Most telerecordings were done in the 16mm format, but, especially towards the end of the 1960s, the 35mm format was sometimes used.