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'''{{PAGENAME}}s''' were the people in charge of what was called "[[visual effects]]" during the [[1963]] run of ''[[Doctor Who]]''. The title is only historically accurate, however, because the film industry has since differentiated between "visual effects" and "[[special effects]]". Most of what ''Doctor Who'' "visual effects designers" did would now be considered "special effects" by [[BBC Wales]], because most of it happened in-camera during [[principal photography]], rather than during [[post-production]] (although much of these effects indeed were achieved in separate sessions, added in as film inserts).
'''{{PAGENAME}}s''' were the people in charge of what was called "[[visual effects]]" during the 1963 run of ''[[Doctor Who]]''. The title is only historically accurate, however, because the film industry has since differentiated between "visual effects" and "[[special effects]]". Most of what ''Doctor Who'' "visual effects designers" did would now be considered "special effects" by [[BBC Wales]], because most of it happened in-camera during [[principal photography]], rather than during [[post-production]] (although much of these effects indeed were achieved in separate sessions, added in as film inserts).


In addition, many VEDs amassed mostly "special effects" credits and awards outside of ''Doctor Who''. This strongly suggests the true nature of their work.
In addition, many VEDs amassed mostly "special effects" credits and awards outside of ''Doctor Who''. This strongly suggests the true nature of their work.


== A variety of credits ==
== A variety of credits ==
This position was credited in several ways. Because of interchangeability of the terms "special effects" and "visual effects" during the [[20th century]], the job sometimes was credited with "'''Special Effects Designed by'''" on the occasional [[serial]] as far back as ''[[The Wheel in Space]]''. The position was also credited as simply "'''Visual Effects'''" on a few serials, dating to ''[[The Tomb of the Cybermen]]''.   However, with the [[Barry Letts]] [[producer]]ship, the majority of serials bore the credit, "Visual Effects Designer". The position was still in flux. Some serials bore ''both'' "Visual Effects" and "Visual Effects Designer" and one serial had the credit "'''Visual Effects Design'''".  
This position was credited in several ways. Because of interchangeability of the terms "special effects" and "visual effects" during the 20th century, the job sometimes was credited with "Special Effects Designed by" on the occasional [[serial]] as far back as ''[[The Wheel in Space (TV story)|The Wheel in Space]]''. The position was also credited as simply "Visual Effects" on a few serials, dating to ''[[The Tomb of the Cybermen (TV story)|The Tomb of the Cybermen]]''. However, with the [[Barry Letts]] [[producer]]ship, the majority of serials bore the credit, "Visual Effects Designer". The position was still in flux, however, and some serials bore ''both'' "Visual Effects" and "Visual Effects Designer", and one serial had the credit "Visual Effects Design".


Beginning with [[Robot (TV story)|Tom Baker's first story]], the name of the position was standardised as "Visual Effects Designer". It was never changed again during the remainder of the original run of the programme.
Beginning with [[Robot (TV story)|Tom Baker's first story]], the name of the position was standardised as "Visual Effects Designer". It was never changed again during the remainder of the original run of the programme.


== List of visual effects designers ==
== List of visual effects designers ==
=== Season 4 ===
=== Season 4 ===
* ''[[The Evil of the Daleks]]'' - [[Peter Day]] and [[Michealjohn Harris]]<ref name=Sur>Uncredited on surviving episodes; however, [[Patrick Troughton|Troughton]] [[serial]]s typically gave expanded crew credits only on the final episodes. It's entirely possible the person or persons named here ''were'' credited on the last episode, but since it no longer exists, that fact can't be verified without access to the BBC archives.</ref>
* ''[[The Evil of the Daleks (TV story)|The Evil of the Daleks]]'' - [[Peter Day]] and [[Michaeljohn Harris]]<ref name=Sur>Uncredited on surviving episodes; however, [[Patrick Troughton|Troughton]] [[serial]]s typically gave expanded crew credits only on the final episodes. It's entirely possible the person or persons named here ''were'' credited on the last episode, but since it no longer exists, that fact can't be verified without access to the BBC archives.</ref>


=== Season 5 ===
=== Season 5 ===
* ''[[The Tomb of the Cybermen]]'' - [[Peter Day]] and [[Michealjohn Harris]]<ref name=VisEff>This is a rare Troughton-era example of the credit being simply "Visual Effects". Like most Troughton-era crew credits, this one only came on the final part of the serial.</ref>
* ''[[The Tomb of the Cybermen (TV story)|The Tomb of the Cybermen]]'' - [[Peter Day]] and [[Michealjohn Harris]]<ref name=VisEff>This is a rare Troughton-era example of the credit being simply "Visual Effects". Like most Troughton-era crew credits, this one only came on the final part of the serial.</ref>
* ''[[The Abominable Snowmen]]'' - [[Ulrich Grosser]] and [[Ron Oates]]<ref name=Sur/>
* ''[[The Abominable Snowmen (TV story)|The Abominable Snowmen]]'' - [[Ulrich Grosser]] and [[Ron Oates]]<ref name=Sur />
* ''[[The Ice Warriors]]'' - Ron Oates and [[Bernard Wilkie]]<ref name=VisEff/>
* ''[[The Ice Warriors (TV story)|The Ice Warriors]]'' - Ron Oates and [[Bernard Wilkie]]<ref name=VisEff />
* ''[[The Web of Fear]]'' - Ron Oates <ref name=Sur/>
* ''[[The Web of Fear (TV story)|The Web of Fear]]'' - Ron Oates<ref name=Sur />
* ''[[Fury from the Deep]]'' - [[Peter Day]] and [[Len Hutton]]<ref name=No>There are no surviving episodes of this serial. Therefore, the credits ''as transmitted'' can't be examined. It's impossible, without access to the BBC's archives, to know whether the person or persons named here were ''actually'' credited on screen.</ref>
* ''[[Fury from the Deep (TV story)|Fury from the Deep]]'' - [[Peter Day]] and [[Len Hutton]]<ref name=No>There are no surviving episodes of this serial. Therefore, the credits ''as transmitted'' can't be examined. It's impossible, without access to the BBC's archives, to know whether the person or persons named here were ''actually'' credited on screen.</ref>
* ''[[The Wheel in Space]]'' - [[Bill King]] <ref>Uncredited on most episodes; part 6 has Bill King under "Special Effects Designed by". His company, Trading Post, is not named on this episode.</ref>
* ''[[The Wheel in Space (TV story)|The Wheel in Space]]'' - [[Bill King]]<ref>Uncredited on most episodes; part 6 has Bill King under "Special Effects Designed by". His company, Trading Post, is not named on this episode.</ref>


=== Season 6 ===
=== Season 6 ===
* ''[[The Dominators]]'' - [[Ron Oates]]<ref name=Last>Credited on final part only, under "Visual Effects Designed by"</ref>
* ''[[The Dominators (TV story)|The Dominators]]'' - [[Ron Oates]]<ref name=Last>Credited on final part only, under "Visual Effects Designed by"</ref>
* ''[[The Mind Robber]]'' - [[Jack Kine]] and [[Bernard Wilkie]]<ref name=Last/>
* ''[[The Mind Robber (TV story)|The Mind Robber]]'' - [[Jack Kine]] and [[Bernard Wilkie]]<ref name=Last />
* ''[[The Invasion]]'' - [[Bill King]] ([[Trading Post]])<ref name=Last/>
* ''[[The Invasion (TV story)|The Invasion]]'' - [[Bill King]] ([[Trading Post]])<ref name=Last />
* ''[[The Krotons]]'' - Bill King (Trading Post)<ref name=Last/><ref>This is the first and only credit for Bill King where the use of parentheses makes it clear that Trading Post is the company to which King belongs. For clarity, we use the parentheses throughout this chart.</ref>
* ''[[The Krotons (TV story)|The Krotons]]'' - Bill King (Trading Post)<ref name=Last /><ref>This is the first and only credit for Bill King where the use of parentheses makes it clear that Trading Post is the company to which King belongs. For clarity, we use the parentheses throughout this chart.</ref>
* ''[[The Seeds of Death]]'' - Bill King (Trading Post)<ref name=Last/>
* ''[[The Seeds of Death (TV story)|The Seeds of Death]]'' - Bill King (Trading Post)<ref name=Last />
* ''[[The Space Pirates]]'' - [[John Wood]]<ref name=Sur/>
* ''[[The Space Pirates (TV story)|The Space Pirates]]'' - [[John Wood (designer)|John Wood]]<ref name=Sur />
* ''[[The War Games]]'' - [[Michealjohn Harris]]<ref>Credited on last episode only, under title of "Special Effects designed by". Typeset makes it appear as though his name is Michael John Harris.</ref>
* ''[[The War Games (TV story)|The War Games]]'' - [[Michaeljohn Harris]]<ref>Credited on last episode only, under title of "Special Effects designed by". Typeset makes it appear as though his name is Michael John Harris.</ref>


=== Season 7 ===
=== Season 7 ===
* ''[[Spearhead from Space]]'' - [[John Horton]]<ref>Credited as "Special Effects designed by" on all episodes.</ref>
* ''[[Spearhead from Space (TV story)|Spearhead from Space]]'' - [[John Horton]]<ref>Credited as "Special Effects designed by" on all episodes.</ref>
* ''[[Doctor Who and the Silurians]]'' - [[Jim Ward]]<ref name=VE/>
* ''[[Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)|Doctor Who and the Silurians]]'' - [[Jim Ward]]<ref name=VE />
* ''[[The Ambassadors of Death]]'' - [[Peter Day]] and [[Ian Scoones]]<ref name=VE>Credited as "Visual Effects".</ref>
* ''[[The Ambassadors of Death (TV story)|The Ambassadors of Death]]'' - [[Peter Day]] and [[Ian Scoones]]<ref name=VE>Credited as "Visual Effects".</ref>
* ''[[Inferno (TV story)|Inferno]]'' - [[Len Hutton]]<ref name=VE/>
* ''[[Inferno (TV story)|Inferno]]'' - [[Len Hutton]]<ref name=VE />
=== Season 8 ===
=== Season 8 ===
* ''[[Terror of the Autons]]'' - [[Michealjohn Harris]]<ref name=VE/>
* ''[[Terror of the Autons (TV story)|Terror of the Autons]]'' - [[Michaeljohn Harris]]<ref name=VE />
* ''[[The Mind of Evil]]'' - [[Jim Ward]]<ref name=VE/>
* ''[[The Mind of Evil (TV story)|The Mind of Evil]]'' - [[Jim Ward]]<ref name=VE />
* ''[[The Claws of Axos]]'' - [[John Horton]]<ref name=VED>Credited as "Visual Effects Designer"</ref>
* ''[[The Claws of Axos (TV story)|The Claws of Axos]]'' - [[John Horton]]<ref name=VED>Credited as "Visual Effects Designer"</ref>
* ''[[Colony in Space]]'' - [[Bernard Wilkie]]<ref name=VE/>
* ''[[Colony in Space (TV story)|Colony in Space]]'' - [[Bernard Wilkie]]<ref name=VE />
* ''[[The Dæmons]]'' - [[Peter Day]]<ref name=VE/>
* ''[[The Dæmons (TV story)|The Dæmons]]'' - [[Peter Day]]<ref name=VE />


=== Season 9 ===
=== Season 9 ===
* ''[[Day of the Daleks]]'' - [[Jim Ward]]<ref name=VE/>
* ''[[Day of the Daleks (TV story)|Day of the Daleks]]'' - [[Jim Ward]]<ref name=VE />
* ''[[The Curse of Peladon]]'' - [[Ian Scoones]] and [[Bernard Wilkie]]<ref name=VED/><ref name=VE/><ref>Parts one and two have Ian Scoones as "Visual Effects Designer". When Wilkie joins him on parts three and four, the credit becomes "Visual Effects".</ref>
* ''[[The Curse of Peladon (TV story)|The Curse of Peladon]]'' - [[Ian Scoones]] and [[Bernard Wilkie]]<ref name=VED /><ref name=VE /><ref>Parts one and two have Ian Scoones as "Visual Effects Designer". When Wilkie joins him on parts three and four, the credit becomes "Visual Effects". Wilkie was supposed to be credited on the first two episodes, but an oversight by one of the production team meant he only gained credit on episodes three and four. ([[INFO]]: ''[[The Curse of Peladon (TV story)|The Curse of Peladon]]'')</ref>
* ''[[The Sea Devils]]'' - [[Peter Day]]<ref name=VE/>
* ''[[The Sea Devils (TV story)|The Sea Devils]]'' - [[Peter Day]]<ref name=VE />
* ''[[The Mutants (TV story)|The Mutants]]'' - [[John Horton]]<ref name=VED/>
* ''[[The Mutants (TV story)|The Mutants]]'' - [[John Horton]]<ref name=VED />
* ''[[The Time Monster]]'' - [[Michealjohn Harris]]<ref name=VED/>
* ''[[The Time Monster (TV story)|The Time Monster]]'' - [[Michealjohn Harris]]<ref name=VED />


=== Season 10 ===
=== Season 10 ===
* ''[[The Three Doctors]]'' - [[Michealjohn Harris]]<ref name=VED/><ref name=FL>Only credited on the first and last episodes; no one is credited for this position on the middle episodes.</ref>
* ''[[The Three Doctors (TV story)|The Three Doctors]]'' - [[Michaeljohn Harris]]<ref name=VED /><ref name=FL>Only credited on the first and last episodes; no one is credited for this position on the middle episodes.</ref>
* ''[[Carnival of Monsters]]'' - [[John Horton]]<ref name=VEDn>Credited as "Visual Effects Design".</ref>
* ''[[Carnival of Monsters (TV story)|Carnival of Monsters]]'' - [[John Horton]]<ref name=VEDn>Credited as "Visual Effects Design".</ref>
* ''[[Frontier in Space]]'' - [[Rhys Jones (visual effects)|Rhys Jones]] and [[Bernard Wilkie]]<ref name=VED/><ref name=VEDboth>Both individuals are listed as "Visual Effects Designers".</ref><ref name=FL/>
* ''[[Frontier in Space (TV story)|Frontier in Space]]'' - [[Rhys Jones (visual effects)|Rhys Jones]] and [[Bernard Wilkie]]<ref name=VED /><ref name=VEDboth>Both individuals are listed as "Visual Effects Designers".</ref><ref name=FL />
* ''[[Planet of the Daleks]]'' - [[Clifford Culley]]<ref name=VE/>
* ''[[Planet of the Daleks (TV story)|Planet of the Daleks]]'' - [[Clifford Culley]]<ref name=VE />
* ''[[The Green Death]]'' - [[Ron Oates]]<ref name=VED/><ref name=FL/>
* ''[[The Green Death (TV story)|The Green Death]]'' - [[Ron Oates]]<ref name=VED /><ref name=FL />


=== Season 11 ===
=== Season 11 ===
* ''[[The Time Warrior]]'' - [[Jim Ward]]<ref name=VED/>
* ''[[The Time Warrior (TV story)|The Time Warrior]]'' - [[Jim Ward]]<ref name=VED />
* ''[[Invasion of the Dinosaurs]]'' - [[Clifford Culley]]<ref name=VED/>
* ''[[Invasion of the Dinosaurs (TV story)|Invasion of the Dinosaurs]]'' - [[Clifford Culley]]<ref name=VED />
* ''[[Death to the Daleks]]'' - Jim Ward<ref name=VE/>
* ''[[Death to the Daleks (TV story)|Death to the Daleks]]'' - Jim Ward<ref name=VE />
* ''[[The Monster of Peladon]]'' - [[Peter Day]]<ref name=VED/>
* ''[[The Monster of Peladon (TV story)|The Monster of Peladon]]'' - [[Peter Day]]<ref name=VED />
* ''[[Planet of the Spiders]]'' - [[Bernard Wilkie]]<ref name=VED/>
* ''[[Planet of the Spiders (TV story)|Planet of the Spiders]]'' - [[Bernard Wilkie]]<ref name=VED />


=== Season 12 <ref>Beginning with this season, the name for the position would remain fixed at "Visual Effects Designer" through to Sylvester McCoy's last serial. Serials past this point bear the title "Visual Effects Designer", unless otherwise noted.</ref> ===
=== Season 12 <ref>Beginning with this season, the name for the position would remain fixed at "Visual Effects Designer" through to Sylvester McCoy's last serial. Serials past this point bear the title "Visual Effects Designer", unless otherwise noted.</ref> ===
* ''[[Robot (TV story)|Robot]]'' - [[Clifford Culley]]
* ''[[Robot (TV story)|Robot]]'' - [[Clifford Culley]]
* ''[[The Ark in Space]]'' - [[John Friedlander]] and [[Tony Oxley]]<ref name=VEDboth/>
* ''[[The Ark in Space (TV story)|The Ark in Space]]'' - [[John Friedlander]] and [[Tony Oxley]]<ref name=VEDboth />
* ''[[The Sontaran Experiment]]'' - John Friedlander and Tony Oxley<ref name=VEDboth/>
* ''[[The Sontaran Experiment (TV story)|The Sontaran Experiment]]'' - John Friedlander and Tony Oxley<ref name=VEDboth />
* ''[[Genesis of the Daleks]]'' - [[Peter Day]]
* ''[[Genesis of the Daleks (TV story)|Genesis of the Daleks]]'' - [[Peter Day]]
* ''[[Revenge of the Cybermen]]'' - [[James Ward]]
* ''[[Revenge of the Cybermen (TV story)|Revenge of the Cybermen]]'' - [[James Ward]]
[[Category:Production team titles]]
 
=== Season 13 ===
=== Season 13 ===
* ''[[Terror of the Zygons]]'' - [[John Horton]]
* ''[[Terror of the Zygons (TV story)|Terror of the Zygons]]'' - [[John Horton]]
* ''[[Planet of Evil]]'' - [[Dave Havard]]
* ''[[Planet of Evil (TV story)|Planet of Evil]]'' - [[Dave Havard]]
* ''[[Pyramids of Mars]]'' - [[Ian Scoones]]
* ''[[Pyramids of Mars (TV story)|Pyramids of Mars]]'' - [[Ian Scoones]]
* ''[[The Android Invasion]]'' - [[Len Hutton]]
* ''[[The Android Invasion (TV story)|The Android Invasion]]'' - [[Len Hutton]]
* ''[[The Brain of Morbius]]'' - [[John Horton]]
* ''[[The Brain of Morbius (TV story)|The Brain of Morbius]]'' - [[John Horton]]
* ''[[The Seeds of Doom]]'' - [[Richard Conway]]
* ''[[The Seeds of Doom (TV story)|The Seeds of Doom]]'' - [[Richard Conway]]


=== Season 14 ===
=== Season 14 ===
* ''[[The Masque of Mandragora]]'' - [[Ian Scoones]]
* ''[[The Masque of Mandragora (TV story)|The Masque of Mandragora]]'' - [[Ian Scoones]]
* ''[[The Hand of Fear]]'' - [[Colin Mapson]]
* ''[[The Hand of Fear (TV story)|The Hand of Fear]]'' - [[Colin Mapson]]
* ''[[The Deadly Assassin]]'' - [[Peter Day]] and [[Len Hutton]]<ref name=VEDboth/>
* ''[[The Deadly Assassin (TV story)|The Deadly Assassin]]'' - [[Peter Day]] and [[Len Hutton]]<ref name=VEDboth />
* ''[[The Face of Evil]]'' - [[Mat Irvine]]
* ''[[The Face of Evil (TV story)|The Face of Evil]]'' - [[Mat Irvine]]
* ''[[The Robots of Death]]'' - [[Richard Conway]]
* ''[[The Robots of Death (TV story)|The Robots of Death]]'' - [[Richard Conway]]
* ''[[The Talons of Weng-Chiang]]'' - [[Michealjohn Harris]]
* ''[[The Talons of Weng-Chiang (TV story)|The Talons of Weng-Chiang]]'' - [[Michaeljohn Harris]]


=== Season 15 ===
=== Season 15 ===
* ''[[Horror of Fang Rock]]'' - [[Peter Pegrum]]
* ''[[Horror of Fang Rock (TV story)|Horror of Fang Rock]]'' - [[Peter Pegrum]]
* ''[[The Invisible Enemy]]'' - [[Tony Harding]] and [[Ian Scoones]]<ref name=VEDboth/>
* ''[[The Invisible Enemy (TV story)|The Invsible Enemy]]'' - [[Tony Harding]] and [[Ian Scoones]]<ref name=VEDboth />
* ''[[Image of the Fendahl]]'' - [[Colin Mapson]]
* ''[[Image of the Fendahl (TV story)|Image of the Fendahl]]'' - [[Colin Mapson]]
* ''[[The Sun Makers]]'' - [[Peter Day]] and [[Peter Logan]]<ref name=VEDboth/>
* ''[[The Sun Makers (TV story)|The Sun Makers]]'' - [[Peter Day]] and [[Peter Logan]]<ref name=VEDboth />
* ''[[Underworld]]'' - [[Richard Conway]]
* ''[[Underworld (TV story)|Underworld]]'' - [[Richard Conway]]
* ''[[The Invasion of Time]]'' - Richard Conway and Colin Mapson<ref name=VEDboth/>
* ''[[The Invasion of Time (TV story)|The Invasion of Time]]'' - Richard Conway and Colin Mapson<ref name=VEDboth />


=== Season 16 ===
=== Season 16 ===
* ''[[The Ribos Operation]]'' - [[Dave Havard]]
* ''[[The Ribos Operation (TV story)|The Ribos Operation]]'' - [[Dave Havard]]
* ''[[The Pirate Planet]]'' - [[Colin Mapson]]
* ''[[The Pirate Planet (TV story)|The Pirate Planet]]'' - [[Colin Mapson]]
* ''[[The Stones of Blood]]'' - [[Mat Irvine]]
* ''[[The Stones of Blood (TV story)|The Stones of Blood]]'' - [[Mat Irvine]]
* ''[[The Androids of Tara]]'' - [[Len Hutton]]
* ''[[The Androids of Tara (TV story)|The Androids of Tara]]'' - [[Len Hutton]]
* ''[[The Power of Kroll]]'' - [[Tony Harding]]
* ''[[The Power of Kroll (TV story)|The Power of Kroll]]'' - [[Tony Harding]]
* ''[[The Armageddon Factor]]'' - [[John Horton]]
* ''[[The Armageddon Factor (TV story)|The Armageddon Factor]]'' - [[John Horton]]


=== Season 17 ===
=== Season 17 ===
* ''[[Destiny of the Daleks]]'' - [[Peter Logan]]
* ''[[Destiny of the Daleks (TV story)|Destiny of the Daleks]]'' - [[Peter Logan]]
* ''[[City of Death]]'' - [[Ian Scoones]]
* ''[[City of Death (TV story)|City of Death]]'' - [[Ian Scoones]]
* ''[[The Creature from the Pit]]'' - [[Mat Irvine]]
* ''[[The Creature from the Pit (TV story)|The Creature from the Pit]]'' - [[Mat Irvine]]
* ''[[Nightmare of Eden]]'' - [[Colin Mapson]]
* ''[[Nightmare of Eden (TV story)|Nightmare of Eden]]'' - [[Colin Mapson]]
* ''[[The Horns of Nimon]]'' - [[Peter Pegrum]]
* ''[[The Horns of Nimon (TV story)|The Horns of Nimon]]'' - [[Peter Pegrum]]


=== Season 18 ===
=== Season 18 ===
* ''[[The Leisure Hive]]'' - [[Andrew Lazell]]
* ''[[The Leisure Hive (TV story)|The Leisure Hive]]'' - [[Andrew Lazell]]
* ''[[Meglos (TV story)|Meglos]]'' - [[Steven Drewett]]
* ''[[Meglos (TV story)|Meglos]]'' - [[Steven Drewett]]
* ''[[Full Circle]]'' - [[John Brace]]
* ''[[Full Circle (TV story)|Full Circle]]'' - [[John Brace]]
* ''[[State of Decay]]'' - [[Tony Harding]]
* ''[[State of Decay (TV story)|State of Decay]]'' - [[Tony Harding]]
* ''[[Warriors' Gate]]'' - [[Mat Irvine]]
* ''[[Warriors' Gate (TV story)|Warriors' Gate]]'' - [[Mat Irvine]]
* ''[[The Keeper of Traken]]'' - [[Peter Logan]]
* ''[[The Keeper of Traken (TV story)|The Keeper of Traken]]'' - [[Peter Logan]]
* ''[[Logopolis (TV story)|Logopolis]]'' - [[John Horton]]
* ''[[Logopolis (TV story)|Logopolis]]'' - [[John Horton]]


=== Season 19 ===
=== Season 19 ===
* ''[[Castrovalva (TV story)|Castrovalva]]'' - [[Simon McDonald]]
* ''[[Castrovalva (TV story)|Castrovalva]]'' - [[Simon McDonald]]
* ''[[Four to Doomsday]]'' - [[Mickey Edwards]]
* ''[[Four to Doomsday (TV story)|Four to Doomsday]]'' - [[Mickey Edwards]]
* ''[[Kinda (TV story)|Kinda]]'' - [[Peter Logan]]
* ''[[Kinda (TV story)|Kinda]]'' - [[Peter Logan]]
* ''[[The Visitation]]'' - [[Peter Wragg]]
* ''[[The Visitation (TV story)|The Visitation]]'' - [[Peter Wragg]]
* ''[[Black Orchid (TV story)|Black Orchid]]'' - [[Tony Auger]]
* ''[[Black Orchid (TV story)|Black Orchid]]'' - [[Tony Auger]]
* ''[[Earthshock]]'' - [[Steve Bowman]]
* ''[[Earthshock (TV story)|Earthshock]]'' - [[Steve Bowman]]
* ''[[Time-Flight]]'' - Peter Logan
* ''[[Time-Flight (TV story)|Time-Flight]]'' - Peter Logan


=== Season 20 ===
=== Season 20 ===
* ''[[Arc of Infinity (TV story)|Arc of Infinity]]'' - [[Chris Lawson]]
* ''[[Arc of Infinity (TV story)|Arc of Infinity]]'' - [[Chris Lawson]]
* ''[[Snakedance]]'' - [[Andrew Lazell]]
* ''[[Snakedance (TV story)|Snakedance]]'' - [[Andrew Lazell]]
* ''[[Mawdryn Undead]]'' - [[Stuart Brisdon]]
* ''[[Mawdryn Undead (TV story)|Mawdryn Undead]]'' - [[Stuart Brisdon]]
* ''[[Terminus (TV story)|Terminus]]'' - [[Peter Pegrum]]
* ''[[Terminus (TV story)|Terminus]]'' - [[Peter Pegrum]]
* ''[[Enlightenment (TV story)|Enlightenment]]'' - [[Mike Kelt]]
* ''[[Enlightenment (TV story)|Enlightenment]]'' - [[Mike Kelt]]
* ''[[The King's Demons]]'' - [[Tony Harding]]
* ''[[The King's Demons (TV story)|The King's Demons]]'' - [[Tony Harding]]
* ''[[The Five Doctors (TV story)|The Five Doctors]]'' - [[John Brace]] and [[Mike Kelt]]<ref name=VEDboth/>
* ''[[The Five Doctors (TV story)|The Five Doctors]]'' - [[John Brace]] and [[Mike Kelt]]<ref name=VEDboth />
=== Season 21 ===
=== Season 21 ===
* ''[[Warriors of the Deep]]'' - [[Mat Irvine]]
* ''[[Warriors of the Deep (TV story)|Warriors of the Deep]]'' - [[Mat Irvine]]
* ''[[The Awakening]]'' - [[Tony Harding]]
* ''[[The Awakening (TV story)|The Awakening]]'' - [[Tony Harding]]
* ''[[Frontios (TV story)|Frontios]]'' - [[Dave Havard]]
* ''[[Frontios (TV story)|Frontios]]'' - [[Dave Havard]]
* ''[[Resurrection of the Daleks]]'' - [[Peter Wragg]]
* ''[[Resurrection of the Daleks (TV story)|Resurrection of the Daleks]]'' - [[Peter Wragg]]
* ''[[Planet of Fire]]'' - [[Chris Lawson]]
* ''[[Planet of Fire (TV story)|Planet of Fire]]'' - [[Chris Lawson]]
* ''[[The Caves of Androzani]]'' - [[Stuart Brisdon]] and [[Jim Francis]]<ref name=VEDboth/>
* ''[[The Caves of Androzani (TV story)|The Caves of Androzani]]'' - [[Stuart Brisdon]] and [[Jim Francis]]<ref name=VEDboth />
* ''[[The Twin Dilemma]]'' - Stuart Brisdon
* ''[[The Twin Dilemma (TV story)|The Twin Dilemma]]'' - Stuart Brisdon


=== Season 22 ===
=== Season 22 ===
* ''[[Attack of the Cybermen]]'' - [[Chris Lawson]]
* ''[[Attack of the Cybermen (TV story)|Attack of the Cybermen]]'' - [[Chris Lawson]]
* ''[[Vengeance on Varos]]'' - [[Charles Jeanes]]
* ''[[Vengeance on Varos (TV story)|Vengeance on Varos]]'' - [[Charles Jeanes]]
* ''[[The Mark of the Rani]]'' - [[David Barton]]
* ''[[The Mark of the Rani (TV story)|The Mark of the Rani]]'' - [[David Barton]]
* ''[[The Two Doctors]]'' - [[Steven Drewett]]
* ''[[The Two Doctors (TV story)|The Two Doctors]]'' - [[Steven Drewett]]
* ''[[Timelash (TV story)|Timelash]]'' - [[Kevin Molloy]]
* ''[[Timelash (TV story)|Timelash]]'' - [[Kevin Molloy]]
* ''[[Revelation of the Daleks]]'' - [[John Brace]]
* ''[[Revelation of the Daleks (TV story)|Revelation of the Daleks]]'' - [[John Brace]]


=== Season 23 ===
=== Season 23 ===
* ''[[The Trial of a Time Lord]]''
* ''[[The Mysterious Planet (TV story)|The Mysterious Planet]]'' - [[Mike Kelt]]
::''[[The Mysterious Planet]]'' - [[Mike Kelt]]
* ''[[Mindwarp (TV story)|Mindwarp]]'' - [[Peter Wragg]]
::''[[Mindwarp]]'' - [[Peter Wragg]]
* ''[[Terror of the Vervoids (TV story)|Terror of the Vervoids]]'' - [[Kevin Molloy]]
::''[[Terror of the Vervoids]]'' - [[Kevin Molloy]]
* ''[[The Ultimate Foe (TV story)|The Ultimate Foe]]'' - Kevin Molloy
::''[[The Ultimate Foe]]'' - Kevin Molloy


=== Season 24 ===
=== Season 24 ===
* ''[[Time and the Rani]]'' - [[Colin Mapson]]
* ''[[Time and the Rani (TV story)|Time and the Rani]]'' - [[Colin Mapson]]
* ''[[Paradise Towers (TV story)|Paradise Towers]]'' - [[Simon Taylor]]
* ''[[Paradise Towers (TV story)|Paradise Towers]]'' - [[Simon Taylor]]
* ''[[Delta and the Bannermen]]'' - [[Andy McVean]]
* ''[[Delta and the Bannermen (TV story)|Delta and the Bannermen]]'' - [[Andy McVean]]
* ''[[Dragonfire (TV story)|Dragonfire]]'' - Andy McVean
* ''[[Dragonfire (TV story)|Dragonfire]]'' - Andy McVean


=== Season 25 ===
=== Season 25 ===
* ''[[Remembrance of the Daleks]]'' - [[Stuart Brisdon]]
* ''[[Remembrance of the Daleks (TV story)|Remembrance of the Daleks]]'' - [[Stuart Brisdon]]
* ''[[The Happiness Patrol]]'' - [[Perry Brahan]]
* ''[[The Happiness Patrol (TV story)|The Happiness Patrol]]'' - [[Perry Brahan]]
* ''[[Silver Nemesis]]'' - Perry Brahan
* ''[[Silver Nemesis (TV story)|Silver Nemesis]]'' - Perry Brahan
* ''[[The Greatest Show in the Galaxy]]'' - [[Steve Bowman]]
* ''[[The Greatest Show in the Galaxy (TV story)|The Greatest Show in the Galaxy]]'' - [[Steve Bowman]]


=== Season 26 ===
=== Season 26 ===
* ''[[Battlefield]]'' - [[Dave Bezkorowajny]]
* ''[[Battlefield (TV story)|Battlefield]]'' - [[Dave Bezkorowajny]]
* ''[[Ghost Light]]'' - [[Malcolm James]]
* ''[[Ghost Light (TV story)|Ghost Light]]'' - [[Malcolm James (visual effects)|Malcolm James]]
* ''[[The Curse of Fenric]]'' - [[Graham Brown]]
* ''[[The Curse of Fenric (TV story)|The Curse of Fenric]]'' - [[Graham Brown]]
* ''[[Survival]]'' - Malcolm James
* ''[[Survival (TV story)|Survival]]'' - Malcolm James


== Notes ==
== Notes ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Production team titles]]
[[Category:Production team titles]]
[[Category:Doctor Who visual effects designers]]

Latest revision as of 19:09, 9 March 2023

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Visual effects designers were the people in charge of what was called "visual effects" during the 1963 run of Doctor Who. The title is only historically accurate, however, because the film industry has since differentiated between "visual effects" and "special effects". Most of what Doctor Who "visual effects designers" did would now be considered "special effects" by BBC Wales, because most of it happened in-camera during principal photography, rather than during post-production (although much of these effects indeed were achieved in separate sessions, added in as film inserts).

In addition, many VEDs amassed mostly "special effects" credits and awards outside of Doctor Who. This strongly suggests the true nature of their work.

A variety of credits[[edit] | [edit source]]

This position was credited in several ways. Because of interchangeability of the terms "special effects" and "visual effects" during the 20th century, the job sometimes was credited with "Special Effects Designed by" on the occasional serial as far back as The Wheel in Space. The position was also credited as simply "Visual Effects" on a few serials, dating to The Tomb of the Cybermen. However, with the Barry Letts producership, the majority of serials bore the credit, "Visual Effects Designer". The position was still in flux, however, and some serials bore both "Visual Effects" and "Visual Effects Designer", and one serial had the credit "Visual Effects Design".

Beginning with Tom Baker's first story, the name of the position was standardised as "Visual Effects Designer". It was never changed again during the remainder of the original run of the programme.

List of visual effects designers[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 4[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 5[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 6[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 7[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 8[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 9[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 10[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 11[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 12 [15][[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 13[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 14[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 15[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 16[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 17[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 18[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 19[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 20[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 21[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 22[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 23[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 24[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 25[[edit] | [edit source]]

Season 26[[edit] | [edit source]]

Notes[[edit] | [edit source]]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Uncredited on surviving episodes; however, Troughton serials typically gave expanded crew credits only on the final episodes. It's entirely possible the person or persons named here were credited on the last episode, but since it no longer exists, that fact can't be verified without access to the BBC archives.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 This is a rare Troughton-era example of the credit being simply "Visual Effects". Like most Troughton-era crew credits, this one only came on the final part of the serial.
  3. ↑ There are no surviving episodes of this serial. Therefore, the credits as transmitted can't be examined. It's impossible, without access to the BBC's archives, to know whether the person or persons named here were actually credited on screen.
  4. ↑ Uncredited on most episodes; part 6 has Bill King under "Special Effects Designed by". His company, Trading Post, is not named on this episode.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Credited on final part only, under "Visual Effects Designed by"
  6. ↑ This is the first and only credit for Bill King where the use of parentheses makes it clear that Trading Post is the company to which King belongs. For clarity, we use the parentheses throughout this chart.
  7. ↑ Credited on last episode only, under title of "Special Effects designed by". Typeset makes it appear as though his name is Michael John Harris.
  8. ↑ Credited as "Special Effects designed by" on all episodes.
  9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 Credited as "Visual Effects".
  10. ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 Credited as "Visual Effects Designer"
  11. ↑ Parts one and two have Ian Scoones as "Visual Effects Designer". When Wilkie joins him on parts three and four, the credit becomes "Visual Effects". Wilkie was supposed to be credited on the first two episodes, but an oversight by one of the production team meant he only gained credit on episodes three and four. (INFO: The Curse of Peladon)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Only credited on the first and last episodes; no one is credited for this position on the middle episodes.
  13. ↑ Credited as "Visual Effects Design".
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 Both individuals are listed as "Visual Effects Designers".
  15. ↑ Beginning with this season, the name for the position would remain fixed at "Visual Effects Designer" through to Sylvester McCoy's last serial. Serials past this point bear the title "Visual Effects Designer", unless otherwise noted.
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