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| <table border=2 align=right>
| | '''Ravolox''' is the name used for [[Earth]] after the [[Time Lords]] transferred the [[Sol System]] to another part of [[Mutter's Spiral]], as revealed in "[[The Mysterious Planet]]" and "[[The Ultimate Foe]]." The prophecy of the [[Vampire Messiah]] referred to in the [[List of Virgin Missing Adventures Stories | Virgin Missing Adventures]] novel, ''[[Goth Opera]]'', uses the name Ravolox for Earth. |
| <th colspan=2>[[Image:578px-The Blue Marble.jpg|thumb|center|Earth as seen from [[space]]]]</th>
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| <tr>
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| <td>Primary Name:</td>
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| <td>Earth</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td>Galaxy:</td>
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| <td>[[Mutter's Spiral]]</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td>System:</td>
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| <td>[[Sol system]]</td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td>Other Names:</td>
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| <td>[[Sol III]]; [[Ravolox]]; [[Terra]]</td>
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| </tr>
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| </table>
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| '''Earth''' is [[the Doctor]]'s favorite planet, located in the [[Sol system]] in [[Mutter's Spiral]]. Most of the Doctor's [[List of companions | companions]] have been natives of this planet. It is the native planet of [[Human]]s, [[Silurian]]s, [[Sea Devil]]s, and in an [[alternative future]], [[Haemovore]]s. It was first seen in [[An Unearthly Child]] and numerous times thereafter. | |
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| == Astronomical Data ==
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| === Location ===
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| Located in Sector 8023 of the Third Quadrant. Third planet in the Sol system, 1 [[AU]] from [[Sol | the Sun]], approximately 27,700 [[light-year]]s from the center of Mutter's Spiral. (Shifted two light years from this position by the [[Time Lord]]s and renamed Ravolox circa [[2,000,000 CE]].)
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| === Name(s) ===
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| There are hundreds of other names for the planet in hundreds of languages, including:
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| *Earth - The name derives from Old English word ''eorthe''.
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| *Terra - (Latin: terra mater - Mother Earth)
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| *Tellus - In Roman mythology, the goddess of the Earth was '''Terra''' or '''Tellus''' - the fertile soil.
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| ** The names "Terra" and "Tellus" are primarily used by nonnatives of the planet.
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| *Sol III - third planet in the Sol System.
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| *[[Ravolox]] - Name after the planet's relocation by the Time Lords.
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| *[[Mondas]] - An ancient name for Earth which is also the name of the [[Cybermen]]'s original home world, Earth's long-lost sister planet. ("[[The Tenth Planet]]")
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| *New Mondas - Name the Cybermen planned to confer on Earth after colonizing it and cyberizing its inhabitants. ("[[Silver Nemesis]]")
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| *''[[Anthykhon]]- Name by which the [[Chaarl]] knew Earth during their occupation of the planet in the distant future ("[[Birthright]]").''
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| It is not known by what name the [[Silurian]]s and [[Sea Devils]], ''or the saurian race which preceded them,'' called this planet.
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| === Moon(s) ===
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| For most of its history, Earth had one single moon, usually referred to simply as [[the Moon]], a rogue planet which entered the Sol system and was captured in Earth's gravitational field millions of years ago ("[[Doctor Who and the Silurians]]"). By the time of the [[Fourth Great and Bountiful Human Empire]], four other moons had been added to the [[Terran System]]. Whether these additional moons were artificially constructed or natural ones moved into Earth orbit is not known ("[[The Long Game]]").
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| == Further Information ==
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| === Sentient native species ===
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| *[[Haemovore]]s
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| *[[Human]]s
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| *[[Sea Devils]]
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| *[[Silurian]]s
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| === Historical ===
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| Earth formed billions of years of ago, ''around the same time as the first conflict between the [[Hoothi]] and the Time Lords'' ("[[Love and War]]"). ''About 3 billion years ago, the consciousness of the [[Sou(ou)shi]] settled on Earth and became dormant, reawakening in the year [[1968]] CE'' ("[[Venusian Lullaby]]," "[[Nightshade (New Adventure Novel)|Nightshade]]"). Life developed fairly late in the planet's history, 400 million years ago, the process triggered by the [[anti-matter]] explosion of the last [[Jagaroth]] battle cruiser as it entered warp drive prematurely during take-off from the planet surface ("[[City of Death]]").
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| Various species of saurian dominated the planet until circa 65 million BCE, when a freighter from the [[26th century]] CE time-warped to this period and exploded in the upper atmosphere ("[[Earthshock]]"). A few survived, evolving into the races later known as Silurians and Sea Devils. ''Another saurian race, of unknown name, predated these reptilian races by about 100,000 years'' ("[[All-Consuming Fire]]"). The Reign of the Reptiles came to a final end when the rogue planet which later became the Moon entered Earth's orbit, creating climatic changes which forced the reptile races into underground hibernation. [[Ape]]s regarded by the reptiles as pests eventually evolved into the species known as human, given a substantial jolt forward when the [[Fendahl]] Core arrived on Earth circa 12 million BCE ("[[Image of the Fendahl]]").
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| Human civilization evolved quickly, assisted by the [[Daemon]]s, the various temporal fragments of [[Scaroth]], and the predatory nature imparted to humans by the Fendahl. This predatory and aggressive nature was evident in the many conflicts which humans fought amongst themselves throughout much of their early history, such as during the seige of [[Troy]], [[the Dark Ages]], or [[the American War for Independence]] ("[[The Mark of the Rani]]"). It was also exploited by the [[War Lords]], who kidnapped human soldiers from various conflicts in Earth history for use in their war games ("[[The War Games]]").
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| Earth had been visited by aliens many times throughout its history, but the launching of space probes by humans beginnning in the late [[20th century]] made such visits more frequent, as ''[[homo sapiens]]'' began drawing attention to themselves. These visits also tended to be more openly hostile, and Earth was saved from conquest or outright annihilation often only through the intercession of the Doctor. Such invasions also led to the formation of [[UNIT]], ''whose functions in time culminated in the first conquest by Earth of an alien world, [[Mars]], in [[2086]]'' ("[[Transit]]") .
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| Earth developed methods of [[FTL]] travel in the late [[21st century]] and began colonizing nearby star systems soon after. The [[Dalek]] invasion in the late [[22nd century]] proved devastating to Earth, with [[New York]] and many other cities destroyed and entire regions of [[Africa]] and [[South America]] depopulated. The expulsion of the Dalek force from Earth ''and the victorious [[Battle of Cassius]]'' saw the planet reborn. Humans reclaimed their old colonies and in time an [[Earth Empire]] emerged which dominated most of Mutter's Spiral for over 500 years. This empire at times came into conflict with other space powers, particularly the [[Draconian]]s, and often employed oppressive and disenfranchising policies on numerous alien races, most notably on [[Delta Magna]] and [[Solos]]. Unrest among these races and instabilities in the Empire's political and economic structure eventually led to the dissolution of the Empire, which in time gave way to the [[Federation]], ''headquartered on [[Io]]'' ("[[Legacy]]"). In time the Federation came under the control of [[Mavic Chen]] ''and his descendants, who eventually transformed the once democratic organization into a new version of the old Earth Empire'' ("[[The Crystal Bucephalus]]").
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| By the year [[200,000]], Earth was at its height, covered with megacities, five moons and a population of 96 billion. It was the centre of the galactic domain of the Fourth Great and Bountiful Human Empire that stretched across a million planets and species ("[[The Long Game]]").
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| Earth in its later history was abandoned numerous times by its human inhabitants, first when solar flares bombarded the planet, leaving Earth uninhabited for 10,000 years ("[[The Ark in Space]]"). Although surviving humans who had slept aboard the [[Nerva beacon]] recolonized the planet, ''it was later occupied by the [[Chaarl]], who renamed the world [[Anthykhon]]. Humans, referred to as "Hairies," managed to adapt to the depleted atmosphere and soil caused by the Chaarls' industrial activities. The Chaarl occupation lasted some 3497 years'' ("[[Birthright]]"). Some time after, Earth was visited by the [[Usurian]]s, who relocated the dying human population first to Mars and then [[Pluto]]. Generations later, humans had thrown off the yoke of Usurian exploitation, and returned to Earth ("[[The Sunmakers]]").
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| About [[2,000,000 CE]], Earth was relocated two light-years from its proper position in the galaxy by the [[Time Lord]]s to prevent the escape by aliens from [[Andromeda]] who had stolen information from [[the Matrix]] on [[Gallifrey]]. Most of the human race remaining on Earth were wiped out, and those that survived degenerated to a primitive, tribal culture. The planet came to be known as [[Ravolox]], with Earth being completely forgotten ("[[The Mysterious Planet]]"). The inhabitants of Ravolox eventually came to know of the true nature and history of their planet, and to rebuild their civilization.
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| Eventually, humans rediscovered space travel, and humans abandoned their planet for the last time,fleeing to worlds like [[Refusis II]] and [[Frontios]] ("[[The Ark]]," "[[Frontios (TV story) | Frontios]]"), when the Sun threatened to swallow the Earth in the 57th segment of time, a period originally estimated to be around the year [[10,000,000 CE]], but now known to be closer to [[5,000,000,000 CE | 5 billion CE]]. Up to that time, the [[National Trust]] had been using gravity satellites to hold back the expanding Sun. However, funds for the preservation of Earth had run out, and the gravity satellites were allowed to run down, so that the Sun finally achieved its long-delayed red giant stage and the Earth exploded into rubble, an event witnessed by select members of the great and the good (i.e., the rich) of the galaxy ("[[The End Of The World]]"). By then, humanity had spread throughout and beyond [[the Local Group]], touching every star in the sky.
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| === Political ===
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| Until well into the [[third millenium CE]], Earth was divided into myriad nation-states of varying size, population, tactical strength, and socio-political, economic, and religious ideologies, all at any given time allied to or warring with each other. The first moves towards planetary union actually came in the form of military conquest and annexation of nations by leaders such as [[Alexander the Great]] and [[Julius Caesar]], with the Old [[Roman Empire]], the Han Empire of [[China]], and the Great Khanates of the [[Mongols]] being among the earliest superpowers. From the 17th to the 22nd centuries, much of the military and economic strength of Earth was controlled by the European nations of [[Britain]], and [[France]], and, later, the [[United States]] of America, a former colonial possession of Britain's, as well as the [[Russia | Soviet Union]], later reformed as the Russian Federation, and China.
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| The earliest peaceful attempt at unifying the planet under one governing body was the formation of the [[League of Nations]] at the close of the [[World War I | First World War]]. The 1930s saw the formation of [[LONGBOW]], an organisation set up under the umbrella of the League to handle matters of international security, occassionally running into threats of an [[extraterrestrial]] nature. While never made public, this was the first acknowledgement by the world's leaders that humans were not alone in the universe, and their neighbors were not always friendly. LONGBOW ceased operations after both it and the League failed to prevent the outbreak of the [[World War III | Second World War]], when [[Adolf Hitler]] sent German troops on an invasion of [[Poland]].
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| The [[United Nations]] was formed at the end of the Second World War, hoping to succeed where its predecessor had failed in preventing global conflict. After numerous alien attacks, especially those by the [[Yeti]] and the [[Cybermen]], the UN at the suggestion of Colonel (later Brigadier) [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart]], drew up the charter for [[UNIT]], whose duty was essentially the same as LONGBOW's had been.
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| The development of [[nuclear weapons]] and the [[Cold War]] increased international tensions in the late [[20th century]]. At numerous times, nuclear war seemed imminent. This threat was somewhat alleviated when the great powers entrusted their nuclear launch codes to the United Kingdom for safe-keeping ("[[Robot (TV story) | Robot]]"), and again when the planet came under the government of the [[World Zone Authority]] in the early [[21rst century]] ("[[The Enemy of the World]]"). Tensions returned again in the later half of the century. ''An end to these tensions did not arrive until the [[Martian]] assault of [[2086]], in which [[Paris]] was destroyed. A common, alien enemy united humans and planted the seeds for a united Earth ("[[Transit]]").'' ''A brief relapse into warring feudal states followed the [[Dalek]] occupation before the Earth was once again united under a global government ("[[Legacy of the Daleks]]").'' ''It was also around this time that Earth formed [[the Alliance]] with [[Alpha Centauri]] and other nearby systems, its first formal alliance with alien species ("[[Original Sin]]," "[[Lords of the Storm]]").''
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| The united Earth government quickly became corrupt and on the payroll of powerful financial concerns like [[INITEC]], the [[Galatron Mining Corporation]], the [[AMORB Project]], and especially [[IMC]], looking the other way as these organizations victimized indigenous species and human colonists alike on the outer worlds ("[[Vengeance on Varos]]," "[[Colony In Space]]"). In time the business policies of these corporations and the political and diplomatic policies of the Earth government became parallel and laid the foundations for the [[Earth Empire]]. Law and order was enforced by the [[Adjudicator]]s. Although Earth was governed by a democratically elected President, civil liberties in the mid-third millenium were highly marginalized, and critics of the government were frequently sent to [[the Moon]], which was converted from a civilian colony to a prison ("[[Frontier In Space]]"). '' In the last centuries of the third millenium, the Presidency was transformed into an Imperial monarchy, with the Divine Emperor (or Empress) ruling Earth and its empire. The last Divine Empress left control of the Earth to a ruling council upon her death, shorly before the [[Solos]] Incident ("[[Original Sin]]," [[The Mutants]]").''
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| With the advent of the [[Second Ice Age]] and continuing unrest among the colonies, Earth's global government collapsed at the turn of the fourth millenium, and feudalism returned both on the planet and on many of its colonies. An aristocratic government remained in control of Earth when the [[Federation]] was formed in the later years of the millenium ("[[The Curse of Peladon]]"). This aristocracy eventually gave way to more democratic forms, but this new era of freedom was short-lived as the [[Solar System]] came under the sway of the [[Chen Dynasty]] after [[4000 CE]] ("[[The Daleks' Master Plan]]," "[[The Crystal Bucephalus]])". As the Chen focused more of their attention on the outer worlds, Earth once more broke up into rival nation states, with a [[World War VI | Sixth World War]] looming by the year [[5000 CE]] between the superpowers of [[Iceland]], [[the Philippines]], and [[Australia]] ("[[Talons of Weng-Chiang]]"}. The issue of international conflict became moot when humanity was forced to flee Earth before its bombardment by solar flares ("[[The Ark In Space]]").
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| Information on what forms of government existed on Earth during its later periods is scant, owing to the frequent evacuations and resettlements by humanity which occurred. During Earth's period as the planet [[Ravolox]], the few surviving humans there appear to have lived in a tribal matriarchy somewhat similar to that of the ancient [[Celts]] ("[[The Mysterious Planet]]").
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| === Geographical ===
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| Earth's surface has changed considerably over the course of its long history, owing to its high seismic activity. When native life first appeared on the planet, for example, what later became the middle of the [[Atlantic Ocean]] was a vast, rocky wasteland ("[[City of Death]]"). What follows is a general description of what came to be known as "[[Earth Classic]]" ("[[The End Of The World]]").
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| Through most of its history, two-thirds of the Earth's surface was covered by water. Several large land-masses were in existence. Changes to the topography were relatively frequent, owing to erosion and seismic and volcanic activity. Two particularly cataclysmic events occurred when [[Atlantis]], already ravaged first by the [[Daemon]]s and then [[Kronos]], sank beneath the waves circa [[2000 BCE]] ("[[The Underwater Menace]]," "[[The Daemons]]," "[[The Time Monster]]," and when [[Krakatoa]] erupted in [[1883 CE]], the latter event being witnessed by both the [[Third Doctor | Third]] and [[Ninth Doctor]]s ("[[Inferno]]," "[[Rose (TV story) | Rose]]").
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| Over millions of years, continental drift caused the surface of Earth to change radically, creating such features as the [[Arctic Desert]] and the [[Los Angeles Crevasse]]. However, the same [[National Trust]] which installed [[gravity satellite]]s to hold back the expanding [[Sun]] also shifted the continents back to their early [[third millenium]] positions, a planetary style known as Earth Classic. The Earth's surface remained in this state until the planet's final destruction in the [[57th segment]] of time ("The End Of The World").
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| == People ==
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| *[[List of human characters]]
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| *[[List of Earth historical figures]]
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| == Economy ==
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| Variations and hybrids of capitalism, communism, and socialism have been practiced by Earth humans throughout their history. No information is currently available on what economic forms were utilized by the reptilian species which preceded humans. Towards the end of Earth's history, [[Tree]]s which traced their ancestry to the tropical rain forests had acquired sizeable fortunes, mostly in real estate ("[[The End of the World]]").
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| Most Earth currency was decimalized by the [[20th century]], with [[Britain]]'s monetary system becoming decimalized in [[1971]] [[CE]] ("[[An Unearthly Child]]").
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| == Related Topics ==
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| [[The Sol System]]; [[Human]]; [[List of Earth Locations]]
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| == External Links ==
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| *[http://www.drwhoguide.com/who.htm Doctor Reference Guide]
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| *[[Wikipedia:Earth | Wikipedia article on Earth]] *[http://www.seds.org/nineplanets/nineplanets/earth.html Nine Planets entry for Earth]
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| | [[Category:Earth]] |
| [[Category:Planets]] | | [[Category:Planets]] |
| [[Category:Mutter's Spiral]] | | [[Category:Mutter's Spiral]] |
