Parallel evolution
From Tardis Wiki, the free Doctor Who reference
Parallel evolution was an evolutionary process by which separate groups of organisms occupying different but equivalent environments developed similar adaptations or characteristics for survival. That process led to the independent development of several factions of Cybermen on various planets throughout time and space, including Mondas (including a colony ship), Telos, an alternate Earth, Planet 14, and Marinus. (TV: The Doctor Falls)
