Salt
Salt, also known as sodium chloride, (TV: Four to Doomsday) was a mineral that was used on Earth as a preservative and flavour enhancer.
The First Doctor asked the Sensorites for sodium chloride when Ian Chesterton collapsed from Belladonna poisoning. He was able to use it to induce vomiting to purge much of the poison. (TV: The Sensorites)
Due to its unique chemical properties, disrupting the osmotic balance and electrical conductivity of their cells, table salt could act as a defence against the Fendahl. The Fourth Doctor could kill Fendahleen by firing table salt out of a shotgun. The power of salt to ward off evil, then, entered into human folklore in the form of throwing salt over one's shoulder for good luck. (TV: Image of the Fendahl) The Hervoken were also similarly vulnerable to salt. (PROSE: Forever Autumn)
Around 6100 BC Osirians utilised salt-based spacecraft. (AUDIO: The Bride of Peladon)
After spilling salt at dinner, Winifred Gillyflower fed some to Mister Sweet. (TV: The Crimson Horror)
After rejecting pure salt for being "too salty," the Tenth Doctor ate anchovies containing salt as part of a treatment to eject cyanide from his body. (TV: The Unicorn and the Wasp)
Adric annoyed Tegan by requesting that she pass him "the sodium chloride". At first, she did not know what he meant. (TV: Four to Doomsday)
Clyde Langer suggested that the Slitheen were allergic to the salt in his cold chip sandwich. Luke Smith noted that if the Slitheen were made mostly of water it would dehydrate them like slugs. However, that theory was debunked as salt was contained in the bread and water of the sandwich another Slitheen ate. It was soon realised that the Slitheen were calcium-based and allergic to vinegar. (TV: Revenge of the Slitheen)
Salt was the currency of the Sontila. (AUDIO: The Doctor's Coat)