Saturnyn
The Saturnyns, or Saturnynians, were an aquatic species from the planet Saturnyne. The females of the species were also known as Sisters of the Water.
Biology
The Saturnyns had human, fish and crustacean traits. They had a humanoid upper body, a fishlike head with sharp teeth and a lobster-like lower body.
Though they could survive on land, they needed a lot of water, which they could drain from other creatures. They also had a strong sensitivity to ultraviolet light and were incinerated by large amounts.
The children may be connected to their mother as Rosanna Calvierri indicated that when she died, her race would end. Indeed, the Doctor no longer seemed to consider the 10,000 Saturnyn in Venice's waterways a threat anymore. (TV: The Vampires of Venice)
Technology
On Earth, the Saturnyns used a variation of perception filter technology to disguise themselves. Though it gave them the appearance of humans, it accidentally gave them vampire-like qualities. Since the technology couldn't hide reflections and the human brain couldn't process the two conflicting pieces of information, they had no reflections in mirrors. Their fangs would also be seen when they fed, due to the human subconscious perceiving danger and attempting to alert the conscious mind.
The Saturnyns were capable of gradually converting humans into Saturnyns by draining them of their blood and replacing it with Saturnyn blood. They could also control the weather, causing storms and earthquakes. (TV: The Vampires of Venice)
History
Some time in the species' history their home-world was besieged by the cracks in the universe, ranging from small cracks to cracks that consumed the planet's sky. At first the cracks appeared to pose no danger and the aliens were able to observe other worlds through some and "silence" and the "end of all things" through others. Finally, the true nature of the cracks became apparent and Saturnyne was lost. Deciding to take their chances with the cracks that showed other worlds, the Saturnyns fled to worlds with oceans like their own planet.
One group made it to Venice in 1580, led by a female known as Rosanna Calvierri, along with her children. Only the male children survived, though there were ten thousand of them. To rectify this problem and save their species, Rosanna lied about an outbreak of the plague, quarantining the city. She took in young girls under the pretence of providing them an education. Once amongst them, Rosanna and her son would drain them of blood and replace it with Saturnyn blood, converting them into Saturnyns. Rosanna also intended to create a tidal wave that would sink the city of Venice, providing them a habitat to live in.
When they took in Isabella, they attracted the attention of the Eleventh Doctor, Amy Pond, Rory Williams, and Isabella's father, Guido. They investigated the school, enrolling Amy to get in. Though she opened the trap-door to let the others in, she was captured. With Isabella's help, they escaped, though Isabella was dragged back and later killed for treason. Rosanna sent the converted girls and her son Francesco to stop them while starting the process to sink Venice. The females were all killed when Guido blew up the house when they attacked, while Francesco was killed when Amy directed sunlight on him. The Doctor disabled the device. With her plans thwarted and her species doomed, Rosanna killed herself by jumping into the water with her perception filter on. Her children, not knowing who she was, devoured her. Rosanna's last words indicated that her children would then die as she asked if the Doctor could deal with another dead race on his conscience. (TV: The Vampires of Venice)
Other references
The Doctor considered his encounter with the Saturnyns particularly memorable. He mentioned them while describing Rory and Amy's time in the TARDIS. (TV: A Good Man Goes to War) He also mentioned them again later. (TV: Let's Kill Hitler)
Amy Pond also made several references to the Saturnyns. (PROSE: The Glamour Chase, COMIC: Attack of the 50ft Rory)
Rory also made references to the Saturnyns. (PROSE: Paradox Lost)
