Trenzalore was a place that, according to Dorium Maldovar, the Doctor would visit at some point in his travels, which would coincide with 'the Fall of the Eleventh'. Maldovar also told the Doctor that at this time and place 'no living creature can speak falsely or fail to answer.' Here, the First Question in the universe would be asked.
The Silence were determined that the Doctor never reach Trenzalore, so that the question would never be answered. It was a creed of the Silence that 'Silence will fall when the Question is asked', or as Maldovar translated it, 'Silence must fall'. (TV: The Wedding of River Song)
The Doctor decided that he had to go to Trenzalore, because he was told all his friends would be lost if he didn't go there. There he saw his tomb, which was the TARDIS itself, where he came across Whisper Men. He met The Great Intelligence once again, in Walter Simeon's body. Most the episode was set in Trenzalore.(TV: The Name of the Doctor