Clowns are comedic entertainers, usually found at circuses, known for wearing colorful clothes and bright face make-up. Many people regard clowns as frightening rather than funny, sometimes to the point of having coulrophobia.
In the 19th century, clowns were members of the Night Travellers. (TW: From Out of the Rain)
Circa 1921, the Doctor encountered a clown in Hollywood. (DW: The Daleks' Master Plan)
In the 1970s, the newly-regenerated Doctor briefly dressed in a harlequin clown costume. (DW: Robot)
In 2009, Sarah Jane Smith overcame her coulrophobia to battle a malevolent entity that sometimes masqueraded as Odd Bob the Clown. (SJA: The Day of the Clown)
On Halloween of that year, the Hervoken compelled Jim Tozier to dress as an evil clown and attack Martha Jones. (TDA: Forever Autumn)
Joey the Clown and Clara the Clown were two clowns who served as the Celestial Toymaker's deadly pawns. (DW: The Celestial Toymaker)
The Doctor displayed clownish mannerisms while in his second incarnation, as noted disapprovingly by his first incarnation. (DW: The Three Doctors)
Most of the clowns at the Psychic Circus were robots. (DW: The Greatest Show in the Galaxy)
On the planet Jenggel, one of the mercenaries there was named Clown and dressed himself in full clown makeup. (PDA: Combat Rock)