Anti-radiation pills were a drug to combat the effects of radiation. The Fourth Doctor gave Romana some of the pills before venturing out onto Skaro as the levels of radiation were quite high. (TV: Destiny of the Daleks)
The Eleventh Doctor handed out anti-radiation pills to the villagers of Klimtenburg to protect them from Hapthoid radiation poisoning spread by the reactor of a crashed Cyberman ship. (PROSE: Plague of the Cybermen)