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The First Afghan War, lasting from the late 1839 until 1842, was a conflict fought between the British Empire and Afghanistan.
The countdown to war began in the late 1830s when the British responded to the perceived threat that Russian expansion in Central Asia could pose to British rule in India. British and Indian forces occupied Afghanistan in an attempt to halt Russia's expansion. However, the Afghans resented the British occupation and rebelled, triggering the war. The British expected that the Afghans would call on the Tsar for aid, which the Afghans denied, and believed there to be Russian spies at work.
Poor leadership and planning hampered the British effort. In 1842, Kabul was besieged by Afghan forces and Akbar Khan, the son of the deposed Afghan ruler, negotiated an ignominious surrender with the trapped British forces. He offered them safe passage from Kabul to Jalalabad but did not keep his end of the bargain. Of the 16,000 people who marched to Jalalabad, thousands were killed by snipers, horsemen, looters, freezing Afghan nights and daytime attacks. The First Doctor, Ian Chesterton, Barbara Wright and Susan Foreman arrived in Afghanistan at the time of the siege and Ian found himself taking part in the retreat from Kabul. According to Barbara, only one man made it to Jalalabad while around fifty more people survived by allowing Khan to take them hostage, among them Ian and Lieutenant Symonds who were played in the custody of Gul Zaheer.
A new British Army was eventually sent to Afghanistan and retook the country from Khan and his deposed father. (PROSE: Mire and Clay)
In later years, the British Empire went to war against Afghanistan once again. (PROSE: All-Consuming Fire)