The Dalek camps were prison camps operated by the Daleks where they held subjugated peoples they did not intend to exterminate for the time being, instead keeping them as slaves.
The Eleventh Doctor came to Skaro, answering a plea from Darla von Karlsen. She told the Doctor that her daughter, Hannah, was trapped in a Dalek camp and that she had escaped from the camp. The Doctor was suspicious, and rightly so; the Parliament of the Daleks had actually turned her into a Dalek puppet and given her the mission of securing the Doctor for their plan to destroy the Dalek Asylum. (TV: Asylum of the Daleks)
Handing the Twelfth Doctor control of the army of Cybermen converted from the dead, Missy noted he could save all the people suffering in the Dalek camps. (TV: Death in Heaven)
During the Dalek invasion of the galaxy in the 42nd century, Susan Mendes and Kalendorf, along with billions of others, were forced into camps to mine veganite. Susan became a hero among the prisoners in the camps when she convinced the Daleks to improve conditions. (AUDIO: Invasion of the Daleks, The Human Factor)