Gingham was a form of cotton with stripe or cheque symbols.
The Sixth Doctor wore a single-breasted waistcoat of red and white gingham. (TV: The Mysterious Planet-Time and the Rani) His successor wore it before switching for a beige jumper with cherry question marks and turquoise zigzags. (TV: Time and the Rani)
Ian Chesterton wore a sapphire and white gingham shirt during a meeting of companions. (TV: The Power of the Doctor)