A rodeo was a competitive sports event.
The Tenth Doctor revealed to Lola that he had won the Kansas Rodeo in 1804, 1840, and 1852, which from his perspective occurred on three consecutive years. (PROSE: The Shape on the Chair)
While dealing with the Eaters of Light in 2nd century Aberdeen, the Twelfth Doctor assured Nardole that Bill Potts would be safe as he noted it was not his first "rodeo". (TV: The Eaters of Light)