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Operation Paperclip was an American programme enacted after the Second World War, to transfer prominent German scientists to the United States so that their talents, and, subsequently, discoveries, couldn't fall into the Soviet Union's control. For example, Winfried Otto Schumann was transferred in 1947.
The United Kingdom had its own, lesser-known equivalent, the Bios programme. (HOMEVID: Fog [+]Loading...["Fog (home video)"])