Reproduction
Reproduction referred to a species' ability to create new members of itself.
Various accounts differed on how the Time Lords propagated their species. The Eleventh Doctor suggested that his people reproduced sexually, (TV: The Rebel Flesh) while other accounts indicated that Gallifreyans reproduced asexually via Looms. (PROSE: Cat's Cradle: Time's Crucible, Cold Fusion, Lungbarrow)
Humans reproduced sexually, the gestation period of the new human lasting nine months. (TV: The Gathering, Dark Water, The Tsuranga Conundrum) During the Human-Hath War, the humans, and the Hath, employed progenation as a means of reproduction, growing a new lifeform from a single donor organism. (TV: The Doctor's Daughter)
The Dalek race propagated itself and its eternal war against reality through cloning. (AUDIO: The Mutant Phase) When new Dalek mutants were born, body parts that were deemed superfluous were removed, with the genetic material being used to breed new Dalek embryos. (PROSE: Dalek) The embryos were grown in incubation chambers. (TV: Genesis of the Daleks, PROSE: Remembrance of the Daleks, AUDIO: Return to Skaro)
Asexual and biologically immortal, the Ashtallans had no concept, or method, of reproduction until the First Doctor used cloning technology to combine Brenna and Sharlan's DNA into a new being. (AUDIO: The Invention of Death)