Europe
Europe was a continent on the Northern Hemisphere of Earth, linked to Asia and separated from Africa by a inland sea.
Europe was mostly continental, though it had significant island inhabitation as well, notably the UK.
Supposed Earthonomics expert Mr Copper mistakenly referred to Europe as "Europey". (TV: Voyage of the Damned)
Geography
The European continent roughly spanned from the Bay of Biscay to the Black Sea. (TV: War of the Sontarans) Tekir Dag in Turkey was among the "farther reaches of Europe". (PROSE: The Evil of the Daleks)
As it was a part of Great Britain in the British Isles, (TV: Rise of the Cybermen, Boom Town) England was not considered a part of mainland Europe, unlike Poland, France, and Norway. (AUDIO: Their Finest Hour) The prime meridian, an imaginary line which divided the Earth vertically into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres, ran through Greenwich in London. (TV: Fear Her [+]Loading...["Fear Her (TV story)"])
The Black Sea was an inland sea stretching between Russia and the south-eastern end of Europe. (PROSE: Doctor Who: The Encyclopedia [+]Loading...["Doctor Who: The Encyclopedia (reference book)"])
Europe's climates ranged from temperate to cold, suitable for humans. Like the rest of the world, Europe experienced several Ice Ages from the distant past to the year 5000. (TV: The Ice Warriors, The Talons of Weng-Chiang)
Famous natural beauties in Europe include the Switza, the Rhine, the Danube, and the Black Forest. (PROSE: Managra)
History
Prehistory
During the Miocene, geological activity in Western Europe blocked off what would be known as the Straits of Gibraltar, sealing off the Mediterranean, which dried up, leaving a salty plain. Towards the end of the Miocene, the Atlantic broke through and refilled the basin in a cataclysmic flood. (PROSE: Prehistory Repeating Itself [+]Loading...["Prehistory Repeating Itself (feature)"])
Early history
The Roman Empire originated in Europe. It saw much of the continent under the rule of the Roman Emperor. (TV: The Romans)
From the late 8th to 11th centuries, the Vikings raided and traded with large areas of northern and central Europe. (PROSE: A History of Humankind)
Born in 742, Charlemagne, or Charles I of France, ruled the Frankish Empire for 46 years until his death in 814, uniting Western and Central Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire. His reign saw a renaissance in European culture: architecture, art, literature and music all flourished, while Medieval Latin developed as Europe's first common language. (PROSE: The Time Traveller's Almanac [+]Loading...["The Time Traveller's Almanac (reference book)"])
Following the defeat of King Harold Godwinson in the Battle of Hastings in 1066, the First Monk claimed that if Harold remained king with the help of the Monk's meddling with time, "all those wars" in Europe which ensued due to claims over France that went on for "years and years" would never have happened. (TV: Checkmate)
In the 13th century, Europe was invaded by the Mongol Empire. The First Doctor claimed that it was the largest invasion Europe had ever seen. (PROSE: Bunker Soldiers) Marco Polo of Venice, though not the first European to visit China, was the first to write a detailed account of his experiences there, and The Travels of Marco Polo was published in "about" 1300. (PROSE: A History of Humankind [+]Loading...["A History of Humankind (novel)"])
In the 18th century, during the reign of King George II, England and Scotland, bound by the Act of Union, fought the Seven Years' War against France across Europe. A Slitheen disguised as Sir Edward Scott Cameron would later describe it as a prequel to World War I and "a glorious affair" that "spanned continents" and "consumed countless lives." (AUDIO: Death on the Mile, PROSE: The Many Hands)
The French Empire was the work of Napoléon Bonaparte. It covered a large area of mainland Europe before his downfall at the Battle of Waterloo. (TV: The Last Sontaran) When Davros and his Imperial Dalek tried to alter time by replacing Napoléon's mind with that of a Dalek to conquer Earth, the Sixth Doctor arrived to stop the plot, and Napoléon chose to lose the battle to ensure mankind would not fall to the Dalek Imperium. (AUDIO: The Curse of Davros) The British Empire was the largest empire ever. Although it originated from the United Kingdom, few parts of Europe were brought under its power. (TV: Ghost Light)
The first carrier of haemophilia in Britain's royal family, Queen Victoria passed the disease on through the royal houses of Europe, including those of Russia, Germany and Spain. (PROSE: The Time Traveller's Almanac)
The Wild West saw the spread of European settlers across North America. (PROSE: A History of Humankind [+]Loading...["A History of Humankind (novel)"])
20th century
By the turn of the 19th century, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany was known internationally as an ambitious figure. The prospect of his ambitions causing a European land war was already a topic of discussion in the United Kingdom by December 1900. (PROSE: Foreign Devils)
The Soviet Union saw Russia take control of many eastern European countries after the October Revolution. The country was under communist rule and tried to persuade other nations to take up this system. (PROSE: History 101)
Europe was involved in both World War I and World War II, both events being inadvertently caused by the Nemesis statue passing above Earth. (TV: Silver Nemesis) According to the Second Doctor, trenches stretched right the way across Europe in the First World War. (TV: The War Games)
During World War II, British agent Alec Palmer sabotaged railway lines across Europe. (TV: Hide)
In 1986, the Snowcap station in Antarctica answered to a commander in Europe. (TV: The Tenth Planet)
On 12 January 1998, 19 European countries agreed to ban human cloning. (PROSE: Time Traveller's Diary)
21st century
Mainland Europe was among the places on Earth which received deliveries of Bubble Shock! from the Bubble Shock! factory in London. (TV: Invasion of the Bane)
During the Sontaran invasion of Earth in 2009, BBC News 24 claimed that every country in Europe was reporting that thousands of people were walking across country to escape the ATMOS gas. (TV: The Poison Sky)
During the Miracle Day crisis of 2011, Europe reported no deaths along with the rest of the world. (TV: The New World) Alongside America, Europe adopted the categories of life, proceeding to establish numerous overflow camps. (TV: The Categories of Life) British citizens designated as Category 2, bearing non-fatal illnesses or injuries, were expelled from Europe and dropped off in Cardiff by a cruise ship. (TV: The Middle Men)
During the 2010s invasion of Earth by the parallel universe Cybermen of the Cyber-Mainframe, Europe was among the places where they landed. (AUDIO: Master of Worlds)
Within the World Zone Authority, Europe included the Central European Zone and the Eastern European Zone, and was overseen by the European Controller. Deputy Security Leader Giles Kent was responsible for Europe and North Africa before being deposed by Ramon Salamander by 2018. (TV: The Enemy of the World)
By 2019, the United Kingdom had left the European Union in Brexit. (PROSE: Lucy Wilson and the Bledoe Cadets)
During the later 21st century, after other wars had been fought, most of Europe was reorganised into the Eurozone and was left only to fight with the United States of America. (PROSE: Trading Futures)
22nd century
By 2118, both Europe and America used Africa to grow food for their populations. (PROSE: The Art of Destruction)
In 2136 a European government still existed. Alison Hayes and Ted Matlock worked for an agency with ties to the government. (PROSE: The Murder Game)
During the 2150s Dalek invasion of Earth, Europe fared better than Africa, Asia and South America, whose populations were wiped out by a plague spread through meteorites. In 2167, in Dalek-occupied London, Dortmun predicted that a victory for his resistance fighters would set Britain and the whole of Europe "alight" with hope. (TV: The Dalek Invasion of Earth)
In the 22nd century, the Wronsdehj conquered parts of Europe including Poland, the Czech Republic, Austria, Germany, Italy and France. They were eventually defeated by the Fourth Doctor and Romana I. (PROSE: Life from Lifelessness)
Later history
In the 29th century, many European nations fled the planet on huge spaceships such as Starship UK to avoid a solar flare storm, some eventually returning after the solar flares had stopped. (TV: The Beast Below)
In 12005, Europe was the home of the New Roman Empire. (TV: The End of the World)
In 200,100, Europe and North Africa was known as Europa. This area was depopulated by the Daleks when they attacked Earth. (TV: The Parting of the Ways)
Other realities
Alternate timelines
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Europe appeared on General Logan's map of the eastern hemisphere in an alternate 1855. (TV: War of the Sontarans)
During the Year That Never Was, Europe was home to the radiation pits which Martha Jones traversed. (TV: Last of the Time Lords)
Parallel universes
In Pete's World, Europe included the country of New Germany. (PROSE: The Time Traveller's Almanac, TV: Rise of the Cybermen)
Unclear
In a parallel world, continental Europe was choked by the ATMOS gas before the 2009 Sontaran invasion of Earth was thwarted by the sacrifice of the Torchwood Three team. Due to not having much petrol at that point, the already disaster stricken Britain got off relatively "lucky". (TV: Turn Left)
Countries in Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Ireland
- Iceland
- Italy
- Poland
- Part of Russia
- Spain
- Sweden
- United Kingdom
- Ukraine
- Norway
- Romania
- Kazakhstan
- Greece
- Bulgaria
- Hungary
- Portugal
- Serbia
- Lithuania
- Latvia
- Croatia
- Bosnia
- Slovakia
- Estonia
- Denmark
- Switzerland
- Netherlands
- Albania
- Macedonia
- Slovenia
- Kosovo
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Vatican City
Other notes
Europe from the 14th and 19th centuries was recreated as Europa. (PROSE: Managra)
Europa, a moon of Jupiter, was named after Europe. (AUDIO: The Defectors)
In a dream induced by the dream crabs, an elderly Clara Oswald claimed to the Twelfth Doctor that she had taught in every country in Europe. (TV: Last Christmas)
