Gatwick Airport

Gatwick Airport is an airport just outside of London. In 1966, the Doctor, Polly Wright, Ben Jackson and Jamie McCrimmon encountered Chameleons at Gatwick. (DW: The Faceless Ones)

London Gatwick Airport

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! colspan="4" style="background-color: rgb(102, 153, 204); color: white; font-size: 125%;"|London Gatwick Airport Gatwick Airport |- | colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|[1] |- | colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|[2] |- ! colspan="4" style="white-space: nowrap;"|IATA: LGW – ICAO: EGKK |- ! colspan="4" style="background-color: rgb(102, 153, 204); color: white;"|Summary |- class="note" style="text-align: left;" ! colspan="2"|Airport type | colspan="2"|Public |- class="note" style="text-align: left;" ! colspan="2"|Owner | colspan="2"|Global Infrastructure Partners |- class="note" style="text-align: left;" ! colspan="2"|Operator | colspan="2"|Gatwick Airport Limited |- style="text-align: left;" ! colspan="2"|Serves | colspan="2"|London |- style="text-align: left;" ! colspan="2"|Location | colspan="2"|Crawley, West Sussex |- style="text-align: left;" ! colspan="2"|Hub for | colspan="2"|*Aer Lingus

• British Airways
• EasyJet
• Flybe
• Monarch Airlines
• Thomas Cook Airlines
• Thomson Airways
• Virgin Atlantic Airways

|- style="text-align: left;" ! colspan="2"|Elevation AMSL | colspan="2"|202 ft / 62 m |- style="text-align: left;" ! colspan="2"|Coordinates | colspan="2"|51°08′53″N 000°11′25″W / 51.14806°N 0.19028°W / 51.14806; -0.19028 (London Gatwick Airport)Coordinates: 51°08′53″N 000°11′25″W / 51.14806°N 0.19028°W / 51.14806; -0.19028 (London Gatwick Airport) |- style="text-align: left;" ! colspan="2"|Website | colspan="2"|http://www.gatwickairport.com |- ! colspan="4" style="background-color: rgb(102, 153, 204); color: white;"|Runways |- style="background-color: rgb(221, 221, 221);" ! rowspan="2" style="width: 20%;"|Direction ! colspan="2" style="width: 40%;"|Length ! rowspan="2" style="width: 40%;"|Surface |- style="background-color: rgb(221, 221, 221);" ! style="width: 20%;"|m ! style="width: 20%;"|ft |- style="text-align: center;" |08R/26L |3,316 |10,879 |Asphalt/Concrete |- style="text-align: center;" |08L/26R |2,565 |8,415 |Asphalt/Concrete |- style="background-color: rgb(102, 153, 204); color: white;" ! colspan="4"|Statistics (2009) |- style="text-align: left;" ! colspan="3"|Aircraft Movements |245,279 |- style="text-align: left;" ! colspan="3"|Passengers |32,370,000 |- | colspan="4" style="text-align: left; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"|Sources: UK AIP at NATS Statistics from Gatwick Airport Ltd |} London Gatwick Airport (IATA: LGW, ICAO: EGKK) is located 5 km (3.1 mi) north of the centre of Crawley, West Sussex, and 45.7 km (28.4 mi) south of London. It is London's second largest international airport and second busiest by total passenger traffic in the United Kingdom after Heathrow.

Gatwick has the world's busiest single-use runway and is Europe's leading airport for point-to-point flights.

In 2008, Gatwick ranked as the world's 28th-busiest airport in terms of passenger numbers, 9th busiest in terms of international passengers and 8th largest in Europe by passenger traffic.

Charter airlines generally do not operate from Heathrow and use Gatwick as a base for London and the South East. From 1978 to 2008, many flights to and from the US used Gatwick because of Heathrow restrictions implemented in the Bermuda II agreement between the UK and the US. (As of 2010, Delta Air Lines and US Airways are the only US carriers to continue serving Gatwick from the US.) The airport is a base for scheduled operators Aer Lingus, British Airways (BA), EasyJet, Flybe and Virgin Atlantic. The airport is also a base for charter airlines including Monarch Airlines, Thomas Cook Airlines and Thomson Airways. Gatwick is unique amongst London's airports in having a significant airline presence representing each of the three main air transport provider business models, ie full service, low/no frills and charter.

BAA Limited and its predecessors, the British Airports Authority and BAA plc, owned and operated Gatwick continuously from 1 January 1966 until 2 December 2009. On 17 September 2008, BAA announced it would sell Gatwick following a report by the Competition Commission into BAA's market dominance in London and South East England. On 21 October 2009, it was announced that agreement had been reached to sell Gatwick to Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP), the owners of London City Airport, for £1.51 billion. Of this amount, £55 million will depend on the airport's future traffic development and its owners' future capital structure (£10 million and £45 million respectively). The sale was formally completed on 3 December 2009. On this day, Gatwick's ownership passed from BAA to GIP.

[edit] History

The name "Gatwick" dates back to 1241, the name of a manor on the site of today's airport until the 19th century. It is derived from the Anglo-Saxon words gāt, 'goat', and wīc, 'dairy farm', ie 'goat farm'. [3][4]The airport at sunset with the control tower visibleIn 1891, a racecourse was created beside the London–Brighton railway, and a station included sidings for horse boxes. The course held steeplechase and flat races. During the First World War the course hosted the Grand National.

[edit] 1920–45

In the late 1920s, land adjacent to the racecourse at Hunts Green Farm along Tinsley Green Lane was used as an aerodrome. Following a change in land ownership, the aerodrome was licensed in August 1930. Surrey Aero Club formed in 1930 and used the old Hunts Green farmhouse as club house. Redwing Aircraft Company bought the aerodrome in 1932 and operated a flying school. The aerodrome was also used for pilots flying in to races. In 1933, the aerodrome was sold to an investor. The Air Ministry approved commercial flights from Gatwick the following year, and by 1936, scheduled flights were operating to the Continent. A circular terminal called The Beehive, designed by Frank Hoar, was built with a subway to Gatwick racecourse railway station so passengers could travel from London Victoria Station to the aircraft without stepping outside. Two fatal accidents in 1936 questioned the safety of the airport. Moreover, it was prone to fog and waterlogging. The new subway flooded after rain. As a consequence and the need for longer landing strips, the original British Airways moved to Croydon Airport in 1937. Gatwick went back to private flying and was contracted as a Royal Air Force (RAF) flying school. The airport also attracted repair companies.

Gatwick Airport was requisitioned by the RAF in September 1939 and used for aircraft maintenance. Although night-fighters, an army co-operation squadron and later fighters were based at Gatwick, it was mainly a repair and maintenance facility.

[edit] 1945–70

After the Second World War maintenance continued and charter companies flying war-surplus aircraft started to use the airport. Most services were cargo flights, although the airport suffered bad drainage and was little used. In November 1948 the owners warned the airport could be de-requisitioned by November 1949 and revert to private use.

Stansted was favoured as London's second airport and Gatwick's future was in doubt. Despite opposition from local authorities, in 1950 the Cabinet decided Gatwick was to be an alternative to Heathrow. The Government said in July 1952 that the airport was to be developed, resulting in temporary closure between 1956 and 1958 for a (£7.8 million) renovation. The redevelopment was carried out by Alfred McAlpine. On 9 June 1958, Queen Elizabeth II flew into the new airport in a de Havilland Heron of the Queen's Flight to perform the opening. However, this event was preceded by Transair operating the first commercial air service from the new Gatwick on 30 May 1958 while a Jersey Airlines de Havilland Heron was the first scheduled aircraft to arrive at the newly reconstructed airport. [5][6]A PEOPLExpress Boeing 747 at the satellite pier of the South Terminal in June 1983. The North Terminal is under construction in the backgroundThe main pier of what is now the South Terminal was built during the 1956–58 construction of Gatwick. In 1962, two additional piers were added. Gatwick was the world's first airport with a direct railway link and one of the first to use an enclosed pier-based terminal which allowed passengers to walk under cover to waiting areas close to aircraft with only a short walk outdoors. Fully extendible jet bridges were added when the piers were rebuilt and extended in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

British European Airways (BEA) was an early Gatwick user. It was followed by BEA Helicopters and BEA Airtours, which made the airport their base. BWIA West Indies Airways and Sudan Airways were among Gatwick's first scheduled overseas airlines. The latter's Blue Nile services between Khartoum and London Gatwick were operated with British United Airways (BUA) Vickers Viscount aircraft. (At the time BUA were acting as Sudan Airways's technical advisers.)

From the late 1950s, a number of Britain's private airlines established themselves at Gatwick. The first was Transair. It was followed by Airwork, Hunting-Clan and Morton Air Services. In July 1960 these merged to form British United Airways. Throughout the 1960s BUA was Britain's largest independent airline. During that decade it became Gatwick's largest resident airline. By the end of the decade it also became the airport's leading scheduled operator, with a 71,000 kilometers (43,217 mi) network of short, medium and long-haul routes across Europe, Africa and South America. These were served with contemporary BAC One-Eleven and Vickers VC-10 jet aircraft.

[edit] 1970 to 2009

[7][8]South Terminal international arrivals concourseIn late November 1970, BUA was acquired by the Scottish charter airline Caledonian Airways. The new airline was known as Caledonian/BUA before adopting the British Caledonian name in September 1971. BUA's takeover by Caledonian enabled the latter to transform itself into a scheduled airline. In addition to scheduled routes inherited from BUA, it launched scheduled services to Europe, North and West Africa, North America as well as the Middle and Far East during the 1970s and '80s. This included the first scheduled service by a wholly private UK airline since the 1930s between London and Paris, in November 1971, as well as the first transatlantic scheduled services by a private UK airline to New York and Los Angeles, in April 1973. It also included the launch of the UK's first private scheduled air service to Hong Kong (via Dubai) in August 1980.

In November 1972, Laker Airways became the first operator of widebody aircraft aircraft at Gatwick, following the introduction of two McDonnell-Douglas DC-10 10 series widebodied trijets. [9][10]Gatwick's North Terminal building and transit stationLaker's DC-10 fleet expanded throughout the 1970s and early '80s with longer-range series 30 aircraft. This enabled the launch of Gatwick's first daily long-haul, no frills flights to New York JFK on 26 September 1977.

British Caledonian was also a Gatwick operator of the DC-10-30 widebody, having introduced its first pair in March and May 1977, respectively. The airline eventually operated a small fleet of Boeing 747-200s as well, having acquired its first jumbo jet in 1982.

Other independent airlines including Dan-Air and Air Europe played a role in the development of the airport and its scheduled route network during the 1970s, '80s and early '90s.

In the year ending April 1987, Gatwick overtook New York JFK as the world's second-busiest international airport, handling 15.86 million international passengers – 100,000 more than JFK. Passenger numbers had grown steadily since the late 1970s, as a result of several Government initiatives in support of Gatwick's development. These included new policies to transfer all scheduled services between London and the Iberian peninsula from Heathrow to Gatwick, and compelling all airlines that were planning to operate a scheduled service to or from London for the first time to use Gatwick instead of Heathrow. The latter policy was officially known as the "London Air Traffic Distribution Rules". It came into effect on 1 April 1978 and was applied retroactively from the beginning of April 1977. These rules were designed to achieve a fairer distribution of traffic between London Heathrow and London Gatwick, the UK's two main international gateway airports. The policy was aimed at increasing Gatwick's utilisation to help the airport make a profit. Another pro-active measure the Government took to aid Gatwick's development at the time was to grant permission for a high-frequency helicopter shuttle service linking both of London's main airports. The new helicopter shuttle service linking London Heathrow and London Gatwick was inaugurated on 9 June 1978.

As passenger numbers grew, a circular satellite pier was added to the terminal building in 1983, connected to the main terminal by the UK's first automated people mover system (now replaced with a walkway and travelators). The new air traffic control tower opened in 1984. The same year, the non-stop Gatwick Express rail service to London Victoria station was launched. There was need for more capacity and a second terminal was planned. [11][12]Inter-terminal transit track and Sofitel hotel. The North Terminal building is in the backgroundConstruction began on the North Terminal in 1983, which was the largest construction project south of London in the 1980s. It cost £260 million. The terminal was opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 18 March 1988 and expanded in 1991 with a second aircraft pier. In 1994, the North Terminal international departure lounge opened. The North Terminal has an area of 75,000m². Gatwick's two terminals are connected by an automated rapid track transit system (currently closed for a major refurbishment). [13][14]Inside the world's largest air passenger bridge at the North Terminal's Pier 6[15][16]View of Gatwick's apron from the North Terminal passenger bridge, looking towards the South TerminalAn extension to North Terminal departure lounge was completed in 2001, and in 2005, a £110 million additional aircraft pier (Pier 6) opened, adding an extra 11 pier-served aircraft stands. Linked by the world's largest air passenger bridge to the main terminal building, it spans a taxiway, giving arriving and departing passengers views of the airport and taxiing aircraft.

In 2000, a major extension to the South Terminal departure lounge was completed, and in 2005, an extension and refurbishment to the baggage reclaim hall was also completed, doubling it in size. In May 2008, another extension was completed to the South Terminal departure lounge. In addition, a second-floor security search area opened. The South Terminal now covers an area of 120,000m². The terminal is mainly used by low-cost airlines. Many former users have moved to the newer North Terminal.

On 12 October 2009, Qatar Airways's daily QR076 Gatwick–Doha scheduled service became the first commercial flight powered by fuel made from natural gas. The Airbus A340-600HGW operating the six-hour flight ran on a 50-50 blend of synthetic gas-to-liquids (GTL) and conventional oil-based kerosene developed by Shell instead of traditional, purely oil-based aviation turbine fuel.

On 3 December 2009, the transfer of Gatwick's ownership from BAA Limited to Global Infrastructure Partners became effective.

[edit] 2009 Onwards

Following the sale of the airport to GIP, Gatwick's new owners announced their intention to proceed with a previously agreed £1 billion investment programme to upgrade and expand the airport's existing infrastructure to transform the passenger experience. It is hoped that this will firmly establish Gatwick as the airport of choice for air travellers whose journey begins and/or ends in London and other parts of South East England. According to Virgin Atlantic communications director Paul Charles, the prospect of offering much better facilities to Gatwick's airlines and passengers as a result of the change in ownership presents a long-term opportunity to leapfrog Heathrow in terms of airport infrastructure and passenger amenities. It is expected that GIP will use its relationships to persuade new and existing airlines to consider launching additional routes from Gatwick, reinstating services suspended as a result of the global recession in the wake of the financial crisis that began in 2007 and Open Skies and/or expanding their existing flying programme from the airport in the near future.

[edit] Gatwick today

[edit] Facilities

Gatwick Airport has two terminals, North and South. Both have shops and restaurants, landside and airside. Disabled passengers can travel through all areas. There are facilities for baby changing and feeding, and play areas and video games for children. Business travellers have lounges offering business facilities. On 31 May 2008, Virgin Holidays opened V Room, Gatwick's first dedicated lounge for leisure travellers. Use of this lounge is exclusive to Virgin Holidays customers flying from the airport to Orlando, Las Vegas and the Caribbean with sister airline Virgin Atlantic. There is also a conference and business centre. Furthermore, the airport has several on- and off-site hotels. These range from executive to a capsule hotel. [17][18]South Terminal zone A check-in concourseThe airport has Anglican, Catholic and Free Church Chaplains. In addition, there is a multi-faith prayer room and counselling room in each terminal. A daily service is led by one of the chaplains. The prayer room is open to all faiths.

[edit] Major airlines

BA and EasyJet are Gatwick's two dominant resident airlines. In late 2007, BA and Easyjet accounted for 25% and 17% of Gatwick's slots. The latter's share of slots subsequently rose to 24% as a result of its takeover of BA franchise carrier GB Airways, which accounted for 7% of slots (late 2007). The acquisition of GB Airways in March 2008 resulted in EasyJet becoming Gatwick's biggest short-haul operator accounting for 29% of short-haul passengers (ahead of BA's 23%) and Gatwick's largest airline overall, with flights to 62 domestic and European destinations (at April 2008). By spring 2010, EasyJet will have further reinforced its position as Gatwick's leading airline by increasing the number of destinations served from the airport to 82. Gatwick is the airline's largest base, where its 10 million passengers per annum account for almost 30% of the airport's yearly total. [19][20]British Airways aircraft on stand at the North Terminal's Pier 5On 30 March 2008, airlines began down-sizing transatlantic operations due to the new EU-US Open Skies Agreement. Continental Airlines is the second transatlantic carrier – after American Airlines – to pull out of Gatwick altogether, following its decision to transfer the seasonal Cleveland service to Heathrow from 3 May 2009. The slots vacated by these moves as well as by the collapse of Zoom, XL Airways UK and Sterling were taken by EasyJet, Flybe, Norwegian Air Shuttle and Ryanair.

By late 2008, EasyJet's share of Gatwick slots had grown to about 26% , while Flybe had become Gatwick's third-largest slot-holder accounting for 9% of the airport's slots, as well as its fastest-growing airline. As per the CAA's April/May 2009 passenger statistics, more UK domestic passengers flying to and from London Gatwick during April 2009 chose Flybe than any other airline.

From a peak of 40% in 2001, BA's share of Gatwick slots declined by 50% to 20% by summer 2009.

[edit] Traffic Performance

Passenger numbers peaked in 2007 when the airport handled over 35 million passengers for the first time. However, this total reduced by 2.9% in 2008 with 34,205,887 passengers using Gatwick. Of these, 26.4 million used scheduled flights (77.2%) and 7.8 million (22.8%) non-scheduled services. The airport recorded 263,653 aircraft movements during that period. Gatwick reported a second annual consecutive decline in traffic for 2009 when it handled 32,370,000 passengers, 5.3% less than in 2008. Within this total, North Atlantic traffic suffered the steepest decline, down 35.4% on 2008 as a result of that year's EU-US Open Skies Agreement and the recession following in the wake of the financial crisis that began in 2007. The latter also resulted in 18.9% fewer European charter passengers passing through the airport in 2009. On the other hand, European scheduled traffic accounted for the most resilient performance during that period, recording a 5.6% increase over 2008. Irish traffic was virtually unchanged, registering a 0.1% increase within the same period. There were 245,279 aircraft movements at Gatwick during 2009, a 4.3% reduction over 2008. That period also saw Gatwick's traffic mix change further, resulting in a significant decline in widebodied aircraft movements by long-haul full-service scheduled airlines that have traditionally accounted for a disproportionately large share of the airport's cargo volume. The cyclical and structural changes in the airport's traffic mix caused a further steep decline in its annual air freight volume, which fell by 30.6% to 74,779.1 metric tonnes in 2009. However, in this context it is worth noting that Gatwick handled 19.2% more cargo in December 2009, a significant increase compared with the same month the year before.

Adverse weather conditions that resulted in Gatwick being closed for extended periods due to heavy snowfalls was the primary reason for a 5.4% decline in passenger numbers and a 7% reduction in air transport movements in January 2010 compared with January 2009. During that period, the airport recorded a slight increase in the number of passengers travelling on European scheduled services (up by 3.1%) while North Atlantic, Irish and European charter traffic registered the steepest declines in passenger numbers (down by 30.9%, 21.5% and 15.3% respectively). January 2010 was also the second consecutive month during which Gatwick's cargo tonnage grew (up by 6.1% compared with January 2009).

[edit] Changing character of airport

[21][22]South Terminal zone K check-in concourseAccording to the evidence Flybe submitted at a Competition Commission hearing into BAA's market dominance at the beginning of 2008, Gatwick's dynamics were changing rapidly as a result of recent changes in its traffic pattern. These were likely to transform the airport from a secondary intercontinental airline hub into a predominantly European and domestic operation feeding London and specifically the south London market.

[edit] Operations

Gatwick operates as a single runway airport. Strictly speaking it has two runways; however, the northern runway (08L/26R) can only be used when the main runway (08R/26L) is out of use, for example because of maintenance or an accident. The runways cannot be used at the same time because there is insufficient separation between them, and during normal operation the northern runway is used as a taxiway. It can take 15 minutes to change from one runway to the other. [23][24]Various aircraft at the North Terminal's Pier 4The main runway operates with a Category III Instrument Landing System. The northern runway does not have an Instrument Landing System and, when it is in use, arriving aircraft use a combination of Distance Measuring Equipment and assistance from the approach controller using surveillance radar, or where equipped and subject to operator approval, an RNAV (GNSS) Approach, which is also available for the main runway. On all runways, considerable use is made of continuous descent approach to minimise environmental effects of incoming aircraft, particularly at night.

Night flights are subject to restrictions. Between 11pm and 7am the noisiest aircraft (rated QC/8 and QC/16) may not operate. In addition, between 11.30pm and 6am (the night quota period) there are three limits:

• An overall limit on the number of flights;
• A Quota Count system which limits the total of noise permitted, but allows operators to choose to operate fewer noisy aircraft or a greater number of quieter planes;
• QC/4 aircraft may not operate at night.

[edit] Security

The airport is policed by the Gatwick District of Sussex Police. The district is responsible for policing the whole airport, including aircraft, and in certain circumstances, aircraft in flight. The 150 officers attached to this district include armed and unarmed officers, and community support officers for minor offences. The airport district counter man-portable surface-to-air missiles (MANPADS) by patrolling in and around the airport. A separate sub-unit has vehicle checks around the airport.

Brook House, an immigration removal centre of the UK Border Agency was opened on 18 March 2009 by the then Home Secretary, Jacqui Smith.

[edit] Terminals, airlines and destinations

Gatwick has two terminals: North and South. The South Terminal is Gatwick's older and busier terminal, and is also where the airport railway station is located. In March 2008, EasyJet split its Gatwick services between both terminals, with many routes taken over from GB Airways now departing from the North Terminal. The following list includes all scheduled services to and from Gatwick Airport, as well as seasonal charter flights.

Airlines [25]	Destinations	Terminal [26]
Adria Airways	Ljubljana	North
Aer Lingus	Bucharest-Otopeni [ends 6 March], Cork [begins 28 March], Dublin, Eindhoven [ends 27 March], Faro [ends 21 February], Knock, Málaga, Munich [ends 24 February], Tenerife-South [ends 28 February], Vienna [ends 6 March], Vilnius [ends 27 March], Warsaw [ends 27 March], Zürich [ends 24 February]	South
Afriqiyah Airways	Tripoli	South
Air Baltic	Riga, Vilnius [begins 4 March]	South
Air Europa	Madrid	South
Air Malta	Malta	South
Air Moldova	Chişinău	South
Air Seychelles	Mahé [begins 20 April]	South
Air Southwest	Newquay, Plymouth	North
Air Transat	Fredericton [seasonal], Halifax [seasonal], Toronto-Pearson	South
Air Zimbabwe	Harare	South
Astraeus Airlines	Winnipeg [begins 12 June]	South
Atlas Blue	Marrakech	North
Aurigny Air Services	Guernsey	South
Belavia	Minsk	South
BH Air	Burgas [seasonal]	South
British Airways	Amsterdam, Antalya, Antigua, Barbados, Bari [seasonal], Bermuda, Bologna, Bordeaux, Cagliari [seasonal], Catania, Dubrovnik, Edinburgh, Faro, Geneva [seasonal], Genoa, Glasgow-International, Grenada, Ibiza [seasonal], Innsbruck [seasonal], İzmir, Jersey, Kingston, Luxembourg, Malé, Manchester, Marseille, Montego Bay, Naples, Orlando, Paphos, Pisa [seasonal], Port of Spain, Pristina, Punta Cana, Rome-Fiumicino, St Kitts, St Lucia, Salzburg, Sharm el-Sheikh, Tampa, Thessaloniki, Tirana, Tobago, Tunis, Turin, Varna [seasonal], Venice-Marco Polo, Verona	North
Bulgaria Air	Varna [seasonal]	South
Cimber Sterling	Billund, Copenhagen [ends 27 March]	South
Croatia Airlines	Split [seasonal], Zagreb	South
Cubana de Aviación	Havana, Holguín	South
Cyprus Turkish Airlines	Dalaman	North
Delta Air Lines	Atlanta	North
EasyJet	Agadir, Ajaccio [seasonal], Alicante, Amsterdam, Antalya [begins 21 May], Arrecife, Basel/Mulhouse, Bastia [seasonal], Bodrum [seasonal], Chania [begins 21 May], Corfu [seasonal], Dalaman [seasonal], Düsseldorf, Faro, Funchal, Geneva, Gibraltar, Grenoble, Helsinki, Heraklion [seasonal], Hurghada, Innsbruck, Kos [begins 22 May], Larnaca , Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Lisbon, Málaga, Malta, Marrakech, Mykonos [seasonal], Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Rhodes [seasonal], Santorini [seasonal], Sharm el-Sheikh, Sofia, Tenerife-South, Valencia, Zante [begins 22 May], Zürich	North
EasyJet	Almería, Athens, Barcelona, Belfast-International, Berlin-Schönefeld, Biarritz [seasonal], Bordeaux [begins 28 March], Budapest, Cologne/Bonn, Copenhagen, Dubrovnik [seasonal], Edinburgh, Glasgow-International, Hamburg, Ibiza [seasonal], Inverness, Istanbul-Sabiha Gökçen, Kraków, La Rochelle [seasonal], Lyon, Madrid, Marseille, Milan-Linate, Milan-Malpensa, Minorca [seasonal], Montpellier, Munich, Murcia, Naples, Nice, Olbia [seasonal], Palermo [seasonal], Pisa, Porto, Prague, Rome-Fiumicino, Salzburg, Split [seasonal], Thessaloniki, Toulouse, Venice-Marco Polo, Vienna	South
EasyJet Switzerland	Basel/Mulhouse, Geneva	North
Emirates	Dubai	North
Estonian Air	Tallinn	South
Flybe	Aberdeen, Belfast-City, Bergerac [seasonal], Chambéry [charter only], Düsseldorf, Guernsey, Inverness, Isle of Man, Jersey, Leeds/Bradford, Limoges [begins 13 July, seasonal] Newcastle upon Tyne, Newquay	South
Freebird Airlines	Dalaman [seasonal]	South
Ghana International Airlines	Accra, Düsseldorf	South
Hamburg International	Bern, Chambéry, Fagernes	South
Iceland Express	Akureyri [seasonal], Reykjavik-Keflavík	South
Malév Hungarian Airlines	Budapest	North
Meridiana	Florence	South
Mexicana	Mexico City	South
Monarch Airlines	Summer Seasonal – Alicante, Antalya, Arrecife, Bodrum, Chania, Corfu, Dalaman, Dubrovnik, Faro, Halifax [begins 5 June], Hassi Messaoud, Heraklion, Hurghada, Ibiza, Kefalonia, Kos, Larnaca, Luxor, Málaga, Malé, Minorca, Mombasa, Murcia, Mytilene, Naples, Orlando-Sanford, Paphos, Preveza, Rhodes, St. John's [begins 5 June], Sharm el-Sheikh, Skiathos, Taba, Tenerife-South, Venice-Marco Polo, Volos, ZakynthosWinter Seasonal – Alicante, Aqaba, Arrecife, Banjul, Barbados, Calgary, Faro, Fuerteventura, Geneva, Goa, Grenada, Grenoble, Hassi Messaoud, Innsbruck, Kittila, Larnaca, Las Palmas, Luxor, Málaga, Malé, Mombasa, Murcia, Paphos, Salzburg, Sharm el-Sheikh, Sofia, Taba, Tenerife-South, Tobago, Toulouse, Turin	South
Montenegro Airlines	Podgorica	South
Norwegian Air Shuttle	Aalborg, Bergen, Copenhagen, Oslo-Gardermoen, Stavanger, Stockholm-Arlanda [begins 29 April], Tromsø, Trondheim [begins 28 March]	South
Olympic Air	Athens [ends 26 March]	South
Onur Air	Antalya, Bodrum, Dalaman	South
Pegasus Airlines	Dalaman [seasonal]	South
Qatar Airways	Doha	North
Rossiya	St Petersburg	South
Royal Air Maroc	Casablanca	North
Ryanair	Alicante, Cork, Dublin, Girona, Kaunas [begins 4 May], Madrid, Shannon, Stockholm-Skavsta	South
Saga Airlines	Bodrum [seasonal]	South
SATA International	Ponta Delgada	South
Scandinavian Airlines	Bergen	South
Spanair	Palma de Mallorca [seasonal]	South
TAP Portugal	Funchal, Lisbon, Porto	South
Thomas Cook Airlines	Summer Seasonal – Agadir, Almería, Antalya, Arrecife, Bodrum, Burgas, Calgary, Cancún, Cayo Coco, Corfu, Dalaman, Faro, Fuerteventura, Halifax, Heraklion, Holguín, Hurghada, Ibiza, İzmir, Kalamata, Kefalonia, Kos, Larnaca, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Lemnos, Malta, Minorca, Monastir, Montego Bay, Montreal, Naples, Olbia, Orlando-Sanford, Ottawa, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Preveza, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Reus, Rhodes, Santorini, Sharm el-Sheikh, Skiathos, Split, Tenerife-South, Thessaloniki, Toronto-Pearson, Vancouver, Varadero, ZakynthosWinter Seasonal – Antalya, Arrecife, Banjul, Barbados, Brescia, Cancún, Calgary, Cayo Coco, Dalaman, Fuerteventura, Geneva, Grenoble, Holguín, Hurghada, Innsbruck, Las Palmas, Luxor, Monastir, Montego Bay, Paphos, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Rovaniemi, Salzburg, Sharm el-Sheikh, Sofia, Tenerife-South, Toronto-Pearson, Toulouse, Turin, Vancouver	South
Thomson Airways	Agadir, Alghero [seasonal], Alicante, Antalya [seasonal], Aruba [seasonal], Barbados [ends 24 March], Boa Vista, Bodrum [seasonal], Burgas [seasonal], Cancún, Catania [seasonal], Chania [seasonal], Colombo [ends 23 April], Corfu [seasonal], Dalaman [seasonal], Dubrovnik [seasonal], Faro [seasonal], Figari [seasonal], Fuerteventura, Funchal, Girona, Goa [ends 24 April], Heraklion, Holguín, Hurghada, Ibiza [seasonal], İzmir [seasonal], Kalamata [begins 2 May, seasonal], Kavala [seasonal], Kefalonia [seasonal], Kos [seasonal], Lanzarote, Larnaca [seasonal], La Romana, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Luxor, Málaga, Malé, Malta, Marrakech, Marsa Alam, Mersa Matruh [begins 30 March, seasonal], Minorca [seasonal], Mombasa, Monastir, Montego Bay, Mykonos [begins 7 May, seasonal], Mytilene [seasonal], Naples [seasonal], Orlando-Sanford, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Pisa [seasonal], Preveza [seasonal], Puerto Plata, Pula [seasonal], Punta Cana, Reus [seasonal], Rhodes [seasonal], Sal, Samos [seasonal], Samaná [seasonal], Santa Cruz de la Palma, Santorini [seasonal], Sharm el-Sheikh, Skiathos [seasonal], Taba, Tenerife-South, Thessaloniki [seasonal], Tivat [begins 5 May, seasonal], Varadero, Venice-Marco Polo [seasonal], Verona [seasonal], Zakynthos [seasonal]	North
Transavia.com	Rotterdam	South
Turkuaz Airlines	Antalya [seasonal], Dalaman [seasonal]	South
Ukraine International Airlines	Kiev-Boryspil	South
United Airways	Dhaka	South
US Airways	Charlotte	South
Viking Airlines	Summer Seasonal – Antalya [begins 15 May] Arrecife, Banjul, Bastia, Burgas [begins 25 May], Chania, Corfu, Dalaman [begins 4 April], Faro, Fuerteventura, Heraklion, Hurghada, Kalamata, Kefalonia, Kos, Monastir [begins 23 May], Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Preveza, Rhodes, Samos, Sharm el-Sheikh, Skiathos, Stockholm Arlanda, Tenerife-South, ZakynthosWinter Seasonal – Arrecife, Chambéry, Fuerteventura, Friedrichshafen, Geneva, Hurghada, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Sharm el-Sheikh, Stockholm Arlanda, Tenerife-South, Turin	South
Virgin Atlantic Airways	Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Havana, Kingston, Las Vegas, Montego Bay, Orlando, St Lucia, San Juan [seasonal], Tobago	South

[edit] Ground transport

[27][28]North Terminal A23 roundaboutGatwick has set the objective that 40% of passengers should be using public transport by the time the annual throughput reaches 40 million (estimated in 2015), from the 2006 figure of 35.3%.

[edit] Road

The airport is accessed by a motorway spur road at junction 9A of the M23, which links to the main M23 motorway a mile (1.5 km) east at junction 9. The M23 connects with London's orbital motorway. The M25, 9 miles (14 km) north, gives access to Greater London and the South East. The M23 is the main route by traffic to reach the airport. Gatwick is accessed locally by the A23, which serves Horley and Redhill to the north and Crawley and Brighton to the south. The A217 provides access northwards to the local town of Reigate.

The airport has long and short-stay car parks – at the airport and off-site – although these are often full in summer. Local planning restrictions limit car parking at and around Gatwick.

[edit] Rail

[hide]Gatwick Express route map
{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;" [29]			London Victoria [30]
{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;"		[31]

| style="padding: 0pt 0.5em; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 80%;"| | colspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle;"|Redhill |- | bgcolor="transparent" style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap;"|{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;" | style="width: 20px;"|[32] | style="width: 20px;"|[33] |} | style="padding: 0pt 0.5em; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 80%;"| | colspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle;"|Gatwick Airport |- | bgcolor="transparent" style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap;"|{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;" | style="width: 20px;"| | style="width: 20px;"|[34] |} | style="padding: 0pt 0.5em; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 80%;"| | colspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle;"|Haywards Heath |- | bgcolor="transparent" style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap;"|{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;" | style="width: 20px;"| | style="width: 20px;"|[35] |} | style="padding: 0pt 0.5em; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 80%;"| | colspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle;"|Burgess Hill |- | bgcolor="transparent" style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap;"|{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;" | style="width: 20px;"| | style="width: 20px;"|[36] |} | style="padding: 0pt 0.5em; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 80%;"| | colspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle;"|Hassocks |- | bgcolor="transparent" style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap;"|{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;" | style="width: 20px;"| | style="width: 20px;"|[37] |} | style="padding: 0pt 0.5em; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 80%;"| | colspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle;"|Preston Park |- | bgcolor="transparent" style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap;"|{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;" | style="width: 20px;"| | style="width: 20px;"|[38] |} | style="padding: 0pt 0.5em; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 80%;"| | colspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle;"|Brighton |} |} [39][40]Gatwick Airport railway stationThe Gatwick Airport railway station is next to South Terminal and provides connections along the Brighton Main Line to London Victoria and London Bridge stations, as well as Brighton and Worthing to the south. Gatwick Express to Victoria is the best-known service from the station, but other companies, including Southern, First Capital Connect and First Great Western, use the station as well. First Capital Connect provide direct trains to Luton Airport and First Great Western trains provide a direct rail link with Reading and connections with Oxford and the West.

Foot passengers can reach Heathrow by a X26 Express Bus from outside East Croydon station.

[edit] Bus and coach

National Express Coaches operates coaches to Heathrow Airport and Stansted Airport, as well as cities and towns throughout the region and country. Oxford Bus Company operate direct services to Oxford. EasyBus operates minicoaches from Gatwick to London Victoria. (National Express Dot2Dot used to operate a service to central London, but this ceased in 2008.)

Local buses connect North and South terminals with Crawley, Horley, Redhill, Horsham and other destinations. Services are offered by Metrobus and Fastway, a guided bus rapid transit system which was the first of its kind to be constructed outside a major city.

There are at least two sets of stairs for foot-passengers to leave South Terminal to ground-level (near the cycle route) from Zone L and the train-station area (steps are labelled Exit Q and Exit P on the ground). These allow access to bus stops for local services.

[edit] Cycle

Route 21 of the National Cycle Network passes under South Terminal, allowing virtually traffic-free cycling northwards to Horley and southwards to Three Bridges and Crawley. A goods-style lift runs between the terminal and ground level (signed "Lift to Cycle Route"), near Zone L.

[edit] Terminal transfer

[hide]Gatwick Airport Transit
North Terminal {| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;" [41] [42]
	{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;"		[43]

| colspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle;"| |- | style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"| | bgcolor="transparent" style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap;"|{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;" | style="width: 20px;"| | style="width: 20px;"|[44] | style="width: 20px;"| |} | colspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle;"| |- | style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"| | bgcolor="transparent" style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap;"|{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;" | style="width: 20px;"| | style="width: 20px;"|[45] | style="width: 20px;"|[46] |} | colspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle;"|to London |- | style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"|South Terminal | bgcolor="transparent" style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap;"|{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;" | style="width: 20px;"|[47] | style="width: 20px;"|[48] | style="width: 20px;"|[49] |} | colspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle;"|[50] Gatwick Airport |- | style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"| | bgcolor="transparent" style="padding: 0pt; white-space: nowrap;"|{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;" | style="width: 20px;"| | style="width: 20px;"| | style="width: 20px;"|[51] |} | colspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle;"|to Brighton |} |} [52][53]Gatwick Airport inter-terminal transit[54][55]The satellite pier transit system in 1988Gatwick Airport's North and South terminals are connected by a 0.75 miles (1.21 km) elevated two-way automated people mover track. The transit system is normally operated by two automatic, three-car driverless train vehicles. Although colloquially referred to widely as a "monorail", the transit system runs on a dual concrete track with rubber tyres and is not technically a monorail.

The original Gatwick transit system opened in 1983 when the circular satellite pier was built, connecting the pier to the main terminal building, and was the UK's first automated people mover system. A second transit track was constructed in 1987 to link to the new North terminal. The original satellite transit line was later replaced with a walkway and travelator link, but the inter-terminal transit remains in operation today.

The original Adtranz C-100 people mover cars remained in continuous operation until 2009, in which time they travelled a total of 2.5 million miles. In September 2009 the vehicles were withdrawn from service to allow the transit system to be upgraded. Meanwhile, the two terminals are connected by a temporary free bus service. A new operating system and transit cars consisting of six Bombardier CX-100 vehicles are being installed and the guideway and transit stations are being refurbished at a cost of £45 million and due for completion in August 2010.

[edit] Development

In 1979 an agreement was reached with West Sussex County Council not to build a second runway before 2019.

In its original consultation document published on 23 July 2002 the Government decided to expand Stansted and Heathrow, but not Gatwick. However, Medway Council, Kent County Council and Essex County Council sought a judicial review of this decision. The judge reviewing the lawfulness of the Government's decision ruled that excluding Gatwick from the original consultation was irrational and/or unfair. Following the judge's ruling and the Secretary of State for Transport's decision not to appeal, BAA published new consultation documents. These included an option of a possible second runway at Gatwick to the south of the existing airport boundary, leaving the villages Charlwood and Hookwood to the north of the airport intact. This led to protests about increased noise and pollution, demolition of houses and destruction of villages. [56][57]Gate area inside the North Terminal, showing flight information screensPrior to the change of ownership, BAA planned an £874 million investment at Gatwick over five years, including increased capacity for both terminals, improvements to the transport interchange and a new baggage system for the South Terminal.

On 2 December 2009, the House of Commons Transport Select Committee published a report entitled The future of aviation. With regard to Gatwick, it calls on the Government to reconsider its decision to build a second runway at Stansted, in the light of growing evidence that the business case is unconvincing and that Gatwick is a better location.

[edit] Future plans

Several options to expand Gatwick have been considered, including building a third terminal and second runway to the south of the existing runway. This would allow Gatwick to handle more passengers than Heathrow does today. In the case of a second, wide-spaced (as opposed to close parallel) runway being given the go-ahead, a new terminal could be sited between the two runways. This could either complement or replace the current South Terminal, depending on expected future traffic developments.

A less ambitious alternative centres on extending the North Terminal further south with another passenger bridge to an area currently occupied by aircraft stands without jet bridges (Pier 7). There are also plans to expand the capacity of the North Terminal and to extend Pier 6. As of late 2008, both terminals are being adapted to handle the Airbus A380 on a regular, commercial basis. The South Terminal airside lounge is currently undergoing refurbishment, with hope of increasing the amount of retail space and viewing areas.

In October 2009, BAA submitted planning applications for Gatwick to handle an extra six million passengers annually by 2018 and for an extension to the North Terminal to provide new check-in facilities and additional baggage reclaim hall capacity, along with a 900 space short-stay car park. Crawley Borough Council's decision to approve these plans was upheld in November 2009 by the Government's refusal to hold a public inquiry despite objections from local environmental protesters.

[edit] Incidents and accidents

• 17 February 1959 – a Turkish Airlines Vickers Viscount on an international charter flight crashed in heavy fog at Newdigate, Surrey, whilst approaching to land at Gatwick. The plane hit some trees. Fourteen of 24 on board died. Turkish Prime Minister Adnan Menderes was amongst the survivors.
• 5 January 1969 – a Boeing 727-113C operating flight 701 of Ariana Afghan Airlines arriving from Frankfurt Rhein-Main Airport, Germany, crashed into a house in Fernhill near Horley, Surrey, in low visibility. The flaps were not extended to maintain flight at final approach speed. 48 of the 62 on board died as well as two on the ground.
• 20 July 1975 – a British Island Airways (BIA) Handley Page Dart Herald was involved in a runway accident while departing on a scheduled flight to Guernsey. The aircraft lifted off from runway 26 after a ground run of 760m and appeared airborne for 125m with its landing gear retracting before the rear underside of the fuselage settled back on to the runway. None of the 45 occupants were hurt.

[edit] Notes

1. ^ London Gatwick - EGKK
2. ^ ^{a b} LondonGatwickAirport > Home > Gatwick press releases > London Gatwick Airport December 2009 traffic performance summary, 28 January 2010
3. ^ www.baa.com (BAA > Home > Media centre > News releases > 2009 > All > September traffic figures – BAA's airports, 9 October 2009)
4. ^ ^{a b} www.gatwickairport.com (LondonGatwickAirport > Home > About Gatwick Airport > About Gatwick)
5. ^ ACI Passenger Movements for 2008
6. ^ ACI International Passenger Movements for 2008
7. ^ Bermuda 2 initialled, Air Transport, Flight International, 2 July 1977, p. 5
8. ^ Bermuda 2 initialled, Air Transport, Flight International, 2 July 1977, p. 6
9. ^ Bermuda 2: signed and sealed ..., Air Transport, 23 July 1977, p. 254
10. ^ Bermuda 2 capacity mechanism, Air Transport, Flight International, 13 August 1977, p. 465
11. ^ Bermuda 2 revisions create 12 new US gateways and agreement on Gatwick, Air Transport, Flight International, 15 March 1980, p. 825
12. ^ Our vision for Gatwick, 1.12, 1 Introduction, Gatwick Interim Master Plan, October 2006, p. 7
13. ^ ^{a b} www.baa.com (BAA > Home > About BAA > Who we are > Our history, 1960s)
14. ^ ^{a b} www.gatwickairport.com (LondonGatwickAirport > Home > About Gatwick Airport > History > Our development and growth in the 1950's and 60's)
15. ^ The Times (Business – Gatwick sale: New owner touches down with promise of £900m facelift for London's 'tired' No 2), UK Edition, London, 26 October 2007
16. ^ www.baa.com (BAA > Home > Media centre > News releases > BAA completes the sale of Gatwick Airport, 03 December 2009)
17. ^ The origins of some English place names – by Tim Lambert (-wick: ... Or it could mean a specialised farm e.g. Gatwick was a goat farm ....)
18. ^ ^{a b} History – 1958, Gatwick Aviation Society website
19. ^ The Road to Success: Alfred McAlpine 1935–1985 page 54, Tony Gray, Rainbird Publishing, 1987
20. ^ Flight International, 22 August 1974, p. 218
21. ^ Cooper, B., Got your number, Golden Gatwick, Skyport, Gatwick edition, Hounslow, 6 June 2008, p. 12
22. ^ The early Days
23. ^ World Airline Survey, Flight International, 2 April 1964, p. 501
24. ^ World Airlines, Flight International, 6 May 1971, p. 619
25. ^ Flight International, 12 April 1962, World Airline Survey – The UK Carriers ..., p. 546
26. ^ Flight International, 18 April 1958, World Airline Directory ..., p. 528
27. ^ Fly me, I'm Freddie!, pp. 58, 61, 63, 68/9, 82/3, 88, 90, 93-98, 99
28. ^ High Risk: The Politics of the Air, pp. 262/3, 271/2, 378-388, 508
29. ^ "British Airways Plc and British Caledonian Group plc; A report on the proposed merger", Chapter 4, Competition Commission website
30. ^ Fly me, I'm Freddie!, pp. 170/1, 181, 183/4
31. ^ Fly me, I'm Freddie!, pp. 221, 225
32. ^ High Risk: The Politics of the Air, pp. 319, 321
33. ^ High Risk: The Politics of the Air, p. 399
34. ^ News Scan – London Gatwick, Air Transport, Flight International, 29 August 1987, p. 7
35. ^ BA moves Spanish services to Gatwick, Air Transport, Flight International, 11 October 1980, p. 1410
36. ^ Please come to Gatwick, Britain tells carriers, Air Transport, Flight International, 16 April 1977, p. 1028
37. ^ Waiving the rules, News Analysis, Flight International, 17-23 April 1991, p. 26
38. ^ British Airports Authority Annual Report and Accounts 1978/9, British Airports Authority, London, 1979, p. 21
39. ^ British Airports Authority Annual Report and Accounts 1978/9, British Airports Authority, London, 1979, pp. 21, 76
40. ^ World News, Flight International, 17 June 1978, p. 1832
41. ^ ^{a b c} Gatwick runway deal agreed, Air Transport, Flight International, 25 August 1979, p. 569
42. ^ ^{a b c} BAA reveals Gatwick expansion plans, Air Transport, Flight International, 8 September 1979, p. 757
43. ^ Above Us The Skies: The Story Of BAA – 1991 (Michael Donne – BAA plc), p. 15
44. ^ Above Us The Skies: The Story Of BAA – 1991 (Michael Donne – BAA plc), p. 55
45. ^ FT.com (FT Home > World > Middle East & North Africa > Airline claims first with gas, 13 October 2009)
46. ^ www.qatarairways.com (Home > Media Room > Press Release Archive > 2009 > Oct 12: World's First Commercial Passenger Flight Powered By Fuel Made From Natural Gas Lands In Qatar)
47. ^ www.gatwickairport.com (LondonGatwickAirport > Home > About Gatwick Airport > Our strategy)
48. ^ www.gatwickairport.com (LondonGatwickAirport > Home > About Gatwick Airport > Airport investment)
49. ^ ^{a b} ifw – International Freighting Weekly: 26-10-2009 (News > Index > "Onward and upward": GIP's plan for Gatwick)
50. ^ theappointment.co.uk, Daily News Round-up, Gatwick to receive makeover from new owners, 5 December 2009
51. ^ FT Home > Companies > Industrial > Industrial Goods > Gatwick chief to woo airlines, 1 February 2010
52. ^ Financial Times (Companies – UK: Firm hand for era of airport competition), UK Edition, London, 1 February 2010
53. ^ www.virgin-atlantic.com (Home > What's Onboard > Clubhouses > V Room – The new lounge at Gatwick)
54. ^ v-flyer.com (News – VROOM opens at London's Gatwick Airport)
55. ^ Financial Times (EasyJet in £103m GB Airways move), UK Edition, London, 26 October 2007
56. ^ "Busy month of March for Gatwick and easyJet", BAA Gatwick – Official airport website, 9 April 2008
57. ^ easyJet.com (Corporate homepage > Media > Latest news > 2009 > easyJet news 2009: 10 December 2009, easyJet to introduce Gatwick – Bordeaux route)
58. ^ ^{a b} FT.com (FT Home > Companies > Transport > Airlines > GIP faces pressure to prove itself at Gatwick, 21 October 2009)
59. ^ ICM – Institute of Commercial Management Website, Commercial & Business News AA ends Gatwick operations, 17 March 2008
60. ^ Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 169 No. 10, 15 September 2008, "Goodbye Gatwick", p. 16
61. ^ www.ttg.com>News>Air travel Continental severs last Gatwick link, 31 December 2008
62. ^ www.ft.com EasyJet may back Gatwick bid, UK online edition, London, 14 November 2008
63. ^ ^{a b c} www.ft.com Aer Lingus to set up base at Gatwick, UK online edition, London, 19 December 2008
64. ^ easier.com TRAVEL Flybe welcomes sale of London Gatwick, 2 October 2008
65. ^ flybe.com Exciting new routes for Summer 2009 – On sale now!
66. ^ Flybe.com – News (Flybe now UK's number one domestic airline, 3 July 2009)
67. ^ London Gatwick Airport January 2010 traffic performance summary, 10 February 2010
68. ^ BAA Airports: Summary of hearing with flybe, 24 January 2008, p. 6
69. ^ NATS – London Gatwick Aerodrome Approach Charts
70. ^ BAA Gatwick (PDF). Flight Evaluation Report 2006/07. http://www.gatwickairport.com/assets//B2CPortal/Static%20Files/FEU%20Report%202006-07.pdf. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
71. ^ BAA Gatwick (PDF). Night Flights. http://www.gatwickairport.com/assets/B2CPortal/Static%20Files/NightFlights.pdf. Retrieved 2007-01-26.
72. ^ "Night noise". http://www.heathrowairport.com/portal/page/HeathrowNoise%5EConsultation+and+schemes%5ENight+noise/225f1b1e25b09010VgnVCM10000036821c0a____/448c6a4c7f1b0010VgnVCM200000357e120a____/. Retrieved 2007-10-30.
73. ^ "Guarding Gatwick", Airports – September/October 2007 (Key Publishing), p. 17
74. ^ UK Borders Agency
75. ^ Gatwick Airport charter timetable
76. ^ Gatwick Airport Surface Access Strategy
77. ^ ^{a b} Hudson, Kenneth (1984). "Airports and Airfields". Industrial history from the air. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521253338.
78. ^ http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-13542338.html
79. ^ "Gatwick transit closed". UK Airport News. 29 September 2009. http://www.uk-airport-news.info/gatwick-airport-news-290909a.html. Retrieved 2009-09-30.
80. ^ ^{a b c} BAA Airports Final Report: Appendix 4.3, Airport planning law and policy, Post-BAA privatization ... The 2000s – SERAS, 121. and 122., pp. 26/7, Competition Commission, 2008
81. ^ "Plan for Gatwick runway published". BBC. 29 March 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/southern_counties/4390457.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-22.
82. ^ Gatwick Airport Consultative Committee – Agenda item no. 3(a): Minutes of the meeting of the Consultative Committee held on 24 April 2008, Capital Investment Programme 2008, p. 6
83. ^ Stansted and Gatwick (104.-110., pp. 26/7), The future of aviation, First Report of Session 2009-10, House of Commons Transport Committee, 2 December 2009
84. ^ ^{a b} www.baa.com > London Gatwick > About Gatwick Airport > Airport expansion > interim master plan (Gatwick Interim Master Plan – October 2006)
85. ^ "Gatwick extension faces objection". BBC News. 18 October 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/8295505.stm. Retrieved 2009-12-03.
86. ^ Gatwick eco-campaigners' hope for expansion inquiry dashed, Crawley Observer, 25 November 2009
87. ^ 1959: Turkish leader involved in fatal crash
88. ^ ^{a b} Surrey Constabulary – Major Incidents
89. ^ AirDisaster.Com Accident Database
90. ^ Handley Page Herald Series 201 (G-APWF) – Report on the accident at London (Gatwick) Airport, Runway 26 on 20 July 1975, Department of Trade Accidents Investigation Branch (AIB), Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1977, pp. 1, 3, 14

[edit] See also

File:Clock Tower – Palace of Westminster, London – May 2007.jpg	London portal
	Aviation portal

• List of airports in the United Kingdom
• World's busiest airports by passenger traffic
• Busiest airports in Europe by passenger traffic

[edit] References

• Gwynne, Peter. (1990) A History of Crawley (2nd Edition) Philmore. ISBN 0-85033-718-6
• King, John, with Tait, Geoff, (1980) Golden Gatwick – 50 Years of Aviation, British Airports Authority.
• King, John, (1986) Gatwick – The Evolution of an Airport, Gatwick Airport Ltd. and Sussex Industrial Archaeology Society. ISBN 0-9512036-0-6
• Bain, Gordon, (1994), Gatwick Airport, Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-85310-468-x
• Eglin, Roger, and Ritchie, Berry (1980). Fly me, I'm Freddie. London, UK: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-2977-7746-7.
• Thomson, Adam (1999). High Risk: The Politics of the Air. London, UK: Sidgwick and Jackson. ISBN 0-2839-9599-8.
• Simons, Graham M. (1993). The Spirit of Dan-Air. Peterborough, UK: GMS Enterprises. ISBN 1-8703-8420-2.
• Simons, Graham M. (1999). It was nice to fly with friends! The story of Air Europe. Peterborough, UK: GMS Enterprises. ISBN 1-8703-8469-5.
• Branson, Richard (2006 [2nd reprint]). Losing my Virginity – The Autobiography. London, UK: Virgin Books Ltd. ISBN 0-7535-1020-0.
• Financial Times, 26 October 2007. London, UK: UK Edition.
• Skyport – Gatwick edition (Cooper, B., Got your number, Golden Gatwick, p. 12), 6 June 2008. Hounslow, UK.
• Financial Times, 10 February 2010. London, UK: UK Edition.