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{{Infobox Individual
The Taliban (Pashto: طالبان), alternative spelling Taleban,[5] (ṭālibān, meaning "students" in Pashto) is an Islamist militant and political group that ruled large parts of Afghanistan and its capital, Kabul, as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan from September 1996 until October 2001. It gained diplomatic recognition from only three states: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The main leader of the Taliban movement is Mullah Mohammed Omar,[6] and Kandahar is considered the birthplace of the Taliban.[7]
|individual name=Ninth Doctor
While in power, they enforced one of the strictest interpretations of Sharia law ever seen in the Muslim world,[8] and leading Muslims have been highly critical of the Taliban interpretations of Islamic law.[9] The Taliban were condemned internationally for their brutal repression of women. The majority of their leaders were influenced by Deobandi fundamentalism,[10] and many also strictly follow the social and cultural norm called Pashtunwali.[11] The Taliban movement is primarily made up of members belonging to Pashtun tribes, the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan.[12]
|image=Ninth-doctor.jpg
From 1995-2001, the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence[13] and military[14] are widely alleged by the international community to have provided support to the Taliban.[15] Pakistan has been accused by many international officials of continuing to support the Taliban today, but Pakistan claims to have dropped all support for the group since 9/11.[16][17][18] Al Qaeda also supported the Taliban with regiments of imported fighters from Arab countries and Central Asia.[19][20][21] Saudi Arabia provided financial support.[22] The Taliban and their allies committed massacres against Afghan civilians,[23][24][25] denied UN food supplies to 160,000 starving civilians[26] and conducted a policy of scorched earth burning vast areas of fertile land and destroying tens of thousands of homes during their rule from 1996-2001.[27][28] Hundreds of thousands of people were forced to flee to United Front-controlled territory, Pakistan and Iran.[28]
|alias=See: ''[[Aliases of the Doctor]]''
After the attacks of September 11, 2001 the Taliban were overthrown by the Operation Enduring Freedom. Later it regrouped as an insurgency movement to fight the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (established in late 2001) and the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).[29] They use terrorism as a specific tactic to further their ideological and political goals.[30][31] According to the United Nations, the Taliban and their allies were responsible for 75% of civilian casualties in 2010 and 80% in 2011.[32][33][34] Today the Taliban operate in Afghanistan and northwest Pakistan. It is believed one of their current major headquarters is near Quetta in Pakistan.[35][36]
|race= [[Gallifreyan]] ([[Time Lord]])
|home planet=[[Gallifrey]]
|appearances=[[Ninth Doctor - List of Appearances|Full List of Appearances]]
|mentions=[[DW]]: ''[[The Christmas Invasion]]''<br />[[DW]]: ''[[New Earth (TV story)|New Earth]]''<br />[[DW]]: ''[[Utopia (TV story)|Utopia]]''<br />[[DW]]: ''[[Journey's End]]''<br />[[BFA]]: ''[[The Kingmaker (audio story)|The Kingmaker]]'' (indirect reference)<br />[[TW]]: ''[[Everything Changes]]'' (indirect reference)<br />[[TW]]: ''[[End of Days]]'' (indirect reference)<br />[[TW]]: ''[[Fragments (TV story)|Fragments]]''<br />[[TW]]: ''[[Immortal Sins]]''<br />[[SJA]]: ''[[Revenge of the Slitheen]]'' (indirect)<br />[[NSA]]: ''[[The Eyeless]]''<br />[[NSA]]: ''[[Paradox Lost]]'' (indirect reference)
|actor=[[Christopher Eccleston]] <br /> [[Frank Rozelaar-Green]] (dance double)}}{{doctors}}
The '''Ninth Doctor''' was the ninth incarnation of the [[Time Lord]] known as [[the Doctor]], the brooding and melancholic survivor of the [[Last Great Time War]]. Unlike his previous lives, he mostly had a single companion, namely [[Rose Tyler]]. The Doctor had temporary allies in Rose's ex-boyfriend [[Mickey Smith]] and her mother [[Jackie Tyler]], along with [[Harriet Jones]] against the [[Slitheen]]. The Doctor regenerated again after absorbing the energy of the [[Time Vortex]] to save Rose from its deadly after-effects.
 
== Biography ==
=== Foreshadowing ===
When the [[eighth incarnation]] of the Doctor looked into the [[Tomorrow Window]]s, he saw this Doctor as a possible ninth incarnation, as well as [[Ninth Doctor (The Curse of Fatal Death)|two]] [[Ninth Doctor (Scream of the Shalka)|Doctors]] which would not be. ([[EDA]]: ''[[The Tomorrow Windows]]'')
 
=== Post-[[Regeneration]] ===
[[File:Ninth_doctor_photo.jpg|thumb|left|190px|The Doctor, still in his [[Eighth Doctor|eighth incarnation]]'s clothes. ([[WEB]]: ''[[Defending the Earth!|whoisdoctorwho.co.uk]]'')]] What caused the [[Eighth Doctor|previous incarnation]] to regenerate is unknown. When asked about what happened to his eighth incarnation, the [[Tenth Doctor|tenth incarnation]] of the Doctor answered, "What happened to me? That's simple. The Time War happened." ([[IDW]]: ''[[The Forgotten]]'')
 
A report on the "contact [[Clive Finch|Clive]]" website showed that almost immediately after regenerating, the Doctor arrived at [[76 Totter's Lane|Totters Lane]] in the early 21st century, wearing his previous incarnation's clothes and muttering to a local, "They're all gone. I'm the only one left". After trading most of his previous incarnation's clothing at an Oxfam in [[Sheffield]], the Doctor dumped items belonging to his other selves in a tip. ([[WEB]]: ''[[Defending the Earth!|whoisdoctorwho.co.uk]]'')
 
=== Early Adventures ===
[[File:You're_My_Only_Hope...jpg|thumb|left|The Doctor asks for help from Sally Sparrow. ([[DWAN]]: ''[[What I Did on My Christmas Holidays by Sally Sparrow]]'')]]
After regenerating, the Doctor had some adventures on his own, such as meeting [[Sally Sparrow (Doctor Who Annual)|Sally Sparrow]]. ([[NSA]]: ''[[The Eyeless]]'', [[DWAN]]: ''[[What I Did on My Christmas Holidays by Sally Sparrow]]'')
 
During one of these adventures, the Doctor delivered letters from his [[Fifth Doctor|fifth incarnation]] to [[Clarrie]], [[Peri]], and [[Erimem]] at [[The Kingmaker]] inn in [[1483]]. ([[BFA]]: ''[[The Kingmaker (audio story)|The Kingmaker]]'')
 
Clive Finch had several images of this incarnation at well-known historical events. The Ninth Doctor appeared in [[Dallas]] at [[John F. Kennedy]]'s assassination, in [[Southampton]] just before the maiden voyage of the ''[[Titanic]]'', and in [[Indonesia]] on the day of [[Krakatoa]]'s eruption. ([[DW]]: ''[[Rose (TV story)|Rose]]'')
 
=== [[Series 1 (Doctor Who)|Travels]] with [[Rose Tyler|Rose]] ===
[[File:Doctor-meets-nestene-consciousness.jpg|thumb||190px|The Doctor encounters the [[Nestene Consciousness]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[Rose (TV story)|Rose]]'')]] In [[2005]] [[London]], the Doctor rescued [[Rose Tyler]] from [[Auton]]s at her workplace, [[Henrik's]], blowing up the building. They defeated the [[Nestene Consciousness]] controlling the Autons, who had come to earth to feed on pollution. The Doctor tried to persuade the Consciousness to leave Earth, but it refused and took him prisoner. Rose rescued him and destroyed the Consciousness with the Doctor's [[anti-plastic]]. The Doctor invited her to travel with him on his journeys through [[space]] and [[time]] in [[the Doctor's TARDIS|his TARDIS]]. Rose accepted. ([[DW]]: ''[[Rose (TV story)|Rose]]'')
 
For her first trip time-travelling, the Doctor took Rose to the distant future, when the [[Earth]] was destroyed by the sun. The Doctor saved the other sightseers from [[Lady Cassandra]]'s plot to burn them alive to collect insurance money. He let her frame of skin dry out and explode as punishment when he foiled her plan, ([[DW]]: ''[[The End of the World (TV story)|The End of the World]]'') though Cassandra's brainmeat survived. ([[DW]]: ''[[New Earth (TV story)|New Earth]]'') He told Rose of the [[Last Great Time War]], and how he was the last of the Time Lords. ([[DW]]: ''[[The End of the World (TV story)|The End of the World]]'')
 
He took Rose to Cardiff in 1869, where they met one of his favourite authors, [[Charles Dickens]]. He found ethereal beings known as [[Gelth]], victims of war who wished to inhabit corpses to gain new bodies. The Doctor used the psychic [[Gwyneth (The Unquiet Dead)|Gwyneth]] to speak to them through [[Cardiff Space-Time Rift|the Rift]] to compromise with them, but the Gelth needed many bodies and planned to kill humans to supply their wants. Thanks to Gwyneth's sacrifice, the Gelth were trapped in the Rift. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Unquiet Dead]]'')
 
The Doctor tried to take Rose to her own time, but arrived a year late. He faced the [[Slitheen]], who wished to destroy Earth for profit. ([[DW]]: ''[[Aliens of London]]'') After Mickey helped him stop them, the Doctor asked him to join Rose and him in the TARDIS. Mickey declined. ([[DW]]: ''[[World War Three]]'')
 
=== [[Adam Mitchell|Adam]] and [[Jack Harkness|Jack]] ===
Tracking a distress signal, the Doctor went to [[the Vault (Dalek)|the Vault]] in [[Utah]] in [[2012]], where he found a lone [[Dalek]] had survived the Time War and was being kept amongst other alien artefacts by [[Henry van Statten]]. After the Dalek committed suicide, the Doctor took along one of the Vault's employees, [[Adam Mitchell]], at Rose's request. ([[DW]]: ''[[Dalek (TV story)|Dalek]]'')
 
The Doctor took them to the [[Fourth Great and Bountiful Human Empire]], where the [[Mighty Jagrafess of the Holy Hadrojassic Maxarodenfoe]] controlled the human race. [[Cathica Santini Khadeni|Cathica]] destroyed it by rerouting heat to its control room. The Doctor returned Adam home after the new companion had tried to use knowledge from the future to alter history for profit. The Doctor left Adam with a forehead implant Adam had installed to make sure he didn't make trouble. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Long Game]]'')
 
[[File:800px-Doctorrosejack.jpg|thumb|left|190px|The Doctor with Rose and [[Jack Harkness|Jack]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Empty Child]]'')]]The Doctor tracked a Chula ambulance to [[1941]] London and met the conman [[Jack Harkness]], a [[51st century]] ex-[[Time Agent]]. The Doctor focused on a symptom spreading through London accidentally caused by the ship's crash; a dead [[Empty Child]] was revived by the ambulance's [[nanogene]]s and was turning people into gasmask zombies like himself. The Doctor fixed the nanogenes' mistakes having them compare the DNA between the child and his mother [[Nancy (The Empty Child)|Nancy]], restoring the infected zombies to normal. The Doctor rescued Jack from his [[Chula Warship|ship]] just before it exploded, taking him into the TARDIS. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Empty Child]]'' / ''[[The Doctor Dances]]'')
 
While on a refuelling trip in [[Cardiff]], the Doctor and his companions captured [[Blon Fel-Fotch Passameer-Day Slitheen|Blon Fel-Fotch]], the sole survivor of the Slitheen they had defeated in their previous encounter. The Doctor confiscated her [[tribophysical waveform macro-kinetic extrapolator|extrapolator]] and dined with his foe as her last request. After Blon was turned into an egg by the [[heart of the TARDIS]], which granted her wish for a fresh start and ending her backup plot to escape Earth, the Doctor decided to drop her off in the hatchery on her [[Raxacoricofallapatorius|homeworld]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[Boom Town]]'')
 
=== The [[Battle of the Game Station]] ===
[[File:Ninth-doctor-the-ninth-doctor-3866508-512-288.jpg|thumb|right|190px|The Doctor discovers the [[Dalek]]s controlling the [[Satellite Five]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[Bad Wolf (TV story)|Bad Wolf]]'')]]After leaving [[Raxacoricofallapatorius]], the Doctor, Rose and Jack had an adventure in [[Kyoto]], [[Japan]]. After an escape there, they were teleported to [[Satellite 5]] a hundred years after their last visit, only to be put in deadly versions of 21st century TV game shows. After escaping his game, the Doctor found the TARDIS in the control room. The Doctor learned the station was broadcasting a secondary signal into space and the games' losers were not killed, but teleported to the signal's target. The Doctor learned a large Dalek fleet had survived the war and were now headed to the station to confront him. ([[DW]]: ''[[Bad Wolf (TV story)|Bad Wolf]]'')
 
The [[Dalek Emperor|Emperor]] was alive and had been converting the losers into Daleks for its army. The Doctor decided his fight against the Daleks was suicidal and sent Rose back to the 21st century in the TARDIS while he and Jack began setting up for the inevitable extermination. He built a device that would "fry the brain stems of every living thing with a thousand miles of the satellite", but was not able to perfect it to work only on Daleks.
 
Rose opened the [[heart of the TARDIS]] and looked upon it, becoming the powerful [[Bad Wolf entity]]. She returned to the future to save the Doctor. Rose had absorbed the Time Vortex into herself. She declared the Time War to be over and destroyed the Dalek fleet and with a wave of her hand, scattering their atoms into dust. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Parting of the Ways]]'')
 
=== Death ===
[[File:Jbg.jpg|thumb|left|The Ninth Doctor [[regeneration|regenerates]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Parting of the Ways]]'')]] The Doctor knew that Rose would burn up if she kept so much power in her body. He kissed her, drawing the Time Vortex from her body and into his. They returned to the TARDIS, leaving behind Jack, whom Rose had converted into an immortal [[fixed point in time]]. The Doctor, who likewise could not survive the energies of the heart of the TARDIS, regenerated. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Parting of the Ways]]'')
 
:''For a list of Ninth Doctor stories in the order in which he experienced them, see [[Ninth Doctor - Timeline]].''
=== Undated adventures ===
* A man fitting the Ninth Doctor's description delivered a letter for his [[Fifth Doctor|fifth incarnation]]'s companions [[Peri Brown]] and [[Erimem]] while they were stranded in [[England]] in 1483. ([[BFA]]: ''[[The Kingmaker (audio story)|The Kingmaker]]'')
* Clive Finch's website also documented sightings of Rose Tyler in several of the Ninth Doctor's adventures. These included the Ninth Doctor and Rose visiting a five thousand year old Megalithic tomb in Newgrange. ([[WEB]]: ''[[Defending the Earth!|Who is Doctor Who?]]'')
* Some time after meeting Rose, the Ninth Doctor visited the Christmas truce of [[World War I]] and later spoke of a football game there. ([[IDW]]: ''[[The Forgotten]]'')
* The Ninth Doctor attended the funeral of [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart]]. ([[ST]]: ''[[The Gift (short story)|The Gift]]'')
* A man fitting the Ninth Doctor's description tended to [[Honoré Lechasseur]]'s injuries after a bunker exploded in [[1951]]. He disappeared without a trace. ([[THN]]: ''[[The Albino's Dancer]]'')
 
== Psychological profile ==
=== Personality ===
[[File:Pensieve_doc_nine.jpg‎ |thumb|right|190px|A pensive Doctor ([[DW]]: ''[[The End of the World (TV story)|The End of the World]]'')]] This incarnation of the Doctor was deeply affected by his actions in the Last Great Time War. He hid his sorrow with a facade of manic energy and a sharp, offbeat wit. Nevertheless the weight of destroying the Time Lords and the Daleks preyed upon him, creating an emotional incarnation of great sorrow and anger. Consequently, it also created an incarnation with a new appreciation for the wonders of the universe and who, more keenly than ever, burned with a desire to keep the universe safe from harm. Despite this, this incarnation of the Doctor was more adept at noticing the flaws of humanity than any of his predecessors.
 
When asked by the Emperor of the Daleks whether he was a coward or a killer the Doctor struggled with the decision to destroy the Daleks and the Earth or simply allow the Dalek's to kill him and take over the universe. In the end he couldn't bring himself to destroy the Earth even to rid the universe of the Daleks, and proclaimed himself a coward. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Parting of the Ways]]'')
 
While his previous incarnations were rarely heard uttering minor curse words like "hell" and "damn," the ninth incarnation tended to use these phrases more freely, along with "Oi!" when trying to get someone's attention. He was also more violent, physically coming into contact with guards when arrested although it should be noted he thought Rose had been murdered which probably influenced his actions. ([[DW]]: ''[[Bad Wolf (TV story)|Bad Wolf]]'') The tenth incarnation implied that the ninth incarnation was angrier and pained due to being "born from war" when he compared the [[Meta-Crisis Tenth Doctor|Meta-Crisis Doctor]] to the ninth incarnation. ([[DW]]: ''[[Journey's End]]'')
 
At times the ninth incarnation was sadistic, torturing a helpless Dalek even when the Dalek pleaded for him to "have pity". The Doctor's hatred for the Daleks was strong, and the one he tortured claimed the Doctor would make a good Dalek himself. ([[DW]]: ''[[Dalek (TV story)|Dalek]]'')
 
The Doctor cared very deeply about Rose and was willing to let a lethal Dalek loose on Earth to keep her safe. ([[DW]]: ''[[Dalek (TV story)|Dalek]]'') He was also reluctant to use a missile to destroy the Slitheen because he feared he would kill Rose too. ([[DW]]: ''[[World War Three]]'') When the Daleks invaded Satellite Five, the Doctor lied to Rose about being able to use the TARDIS to stop them and sent her back home to protect her. He deliberately absorbed the Time Vortex energy in her to save her life - knowing full well that he would have to regenerate. ([[DW]]:'' [[The Parting of the Ways]]'')
 
=== Habits and quirks ===
The ninth incarnation spoke with a distinctive Northern English accent. When Rose questioned this, he replied that "lots of planets have a North." He was critical of his own large ears. ([[DW]]: ''[[Rose (TV story)|Rose]]'') He had a fondness for saying "fantastic", with emphasis on the second syllable, whenever he saw something of interest or especially dangerous. ([[DW]]: ''[[The End of the World (TV story)|The End of the World]]'', ''[[The Unquiet Dead]]'', ''[[Dalek (TV story)|Dalek]]'')
 
This incarnation called [[Mickey Smith]] "Mickey the idiot", or "Ricky". He called [[human]]s "stupid apes", seeing himself above them, often calling them this when angered by their actions. He rarely spoke of his past to others. He did not "do domestic", as he put it, which led to tension in his interactions with Jackie Tyler. ([[DW]]: ''[[World War Three]]'') He had a fondness for [[Banana|bananas]], which continued to his next incarnation. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Doctor Dances]]'')
 
He often made[[File:DELIGHT.gif|left|thumb|190px|The Doctor laughs as he explains 51st century sexuality to Rose. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Doctor Dances]]'')]] dry jokes to those around him to diffuse tension, but usually ended up failing; on one occasion, it was a cynical joke. ([[DW]]: ''[[Rose (TV story)|Rose]]'', ''[[The Unquiet Dead]]'', ''[[Aliens of London]]'', ''[[World War Three]]'', ''[[The Long Game]]'', ''[[The Empty Child]]'', ''[[The Doctor Dances]]'', ''[[Boom Town]]'', ''[[The Parting of the Ways]]'')
 
He often gave speeches about things or lectured those he wished to scold. ([[DW]]: ''[[Rose (TV story)|Rose]]'', ''[[The Unquiet Dead]]'', ''[[Aliens of London]]'', ''[[Dalek (TV story)|Dalek]]'', ''[[The Long Game]]'', ''[[Father's Day]]'', ''[[The Empty Child]]]'', ''[[The Doctor Dances]]'', ''[[Boom Town]]'', ''[[Bad Wolf (TV story)|Bad Wolf]]'', ''[[The Parting of the Ways]]'')
 
Despite being bad at card tricks, he was a good pickpocket; he swapped Jack's [[sonic blaster]] with a banana. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Doctor Dances]]'')
 
This incarnation was sometimes exhausted emotionally. He would break down when faced with pain, suffering, or death. This once resulted in a brief moment of relief when he realised that he could, for once, reverse all of the pain and suffering he had encountered, whooping, "Just this once - ''everybody lives''!!" ([[DW]]: ''[[The Doctor Dances]]'')
 
The Ninth Doctor had a habit of folding his arms and frowning when lecturing or listening intently. He would also grin when happy or when he found something funny. He was overconfident about his plans, even if he didn't think they would work. ([[DW]]: ''[[Rose (TV story)|Rose]]'' et al)
 
This incarnation enjoyed , and was particularly skilled at, videogames. ([[NSA]]: ''[[Winner Takes All]]'')
 
== Appearance ==
[[File:9th_clothes.jpg|thumb|190px|The ninth incarnation's outfit. ([[DW]]: ''[[Dalek (TV story)|Dalek]]'')]] In stark contrast to the extravagant dress of most of his predecessors, the ninth incarnation wore a plain leather jacket, mistaken in [[World War II]] for that of a [[German]] U-boat commander. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Empty Child]]'') He would either wear a plain red, green, navy blue, or black jumper, which [[Charles Dickens]] thought made him look like a navvy, ([[DW]]: ''[[The Unquiet Dead]]'') dark trousers and a black, strapped wristwatch, unlike his previous incarnations, who preferred fob watches.
 
At one time, he was photographed wearing clothes reminiscent of those his eighth incarnation wore. ([[DW]]: ''[[Rose (TV story)|Rose]]'') This photograph might have been taken shortly after his regeneration, before he had gotten around to picking his new outfit.
 
During an adventure in [[World War I]], the Doctor wore a military trenchcoat to fit in with the [[British]] soldiers. ([[IDW]]: ''[[The Forgotten]]'')
 
He wore his hair close-cropped, unlike many of his previous incarnations who had had longer hair. He had large ears and he considered his nose large as well. He claimed they enhanced their respective senses. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Empty Child]]'')
 
== Behind the scenes ==
* The Ninth Doctor is the only incarnation to date to have the same companion throughout his television appearances (Rose Tyler). In spin-off fiction, the only ninth incarnation story to date where he is not depicted travelling with Rose is the [[Doctor Who Annual 2006|2006 annual]] short story ''[[What I Did on My Christmas Holidays by Sally Sparrow]]''.
* The ninth incarnation is also one of the only two incarnations to date not to be seen on screen facing another [[Time Lord]] as an opponent or having met [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart|Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart]]. The [[Eleventh Doctor|eleventh incarnation]] is also yet to face a Time Lord as an enemy or meet [[Lethbridge-Stewart, though due to [[Nicholas Courtney]]'s passing in 2011 and the Brigadier's death mentioned in [[DW]]: ''[[The Wedding of River Song]]'' the latter will not occur.
* Along with the Eleventh Doctor, the Ninth Doctor is one of only two incarnations of the Doctor to have not been depicted encountering [[Davros]] since the character's introduction in [[DW]]: ''[[Genesis of the Daleks]]'' in [[1975]].
* The ninth incarnation is the first past incarnation who has not appeared in the [[Short Trips (series)|Short Trips]] series of short story collections along with the tenth and eleventh incarnations. Also, Christopher Eccleston, followed by David Tennant and Matt Smith, has yet to take part as the Doctor in any of Big Finish's audio dramas, this is due to licencing agreements between Big Finish Productions and the BBC, that allow Big Finish only to cover the "classic" Doctors (First Doctor to Eighth). This also makes Eccleston the only Doctor actor since [[Patrick Troughton]] to not participate in an audio story based upon the franchise.
* The ninth incarnation's era, due to its short length, stands as the first incarnation's era to be completely released to DVD in Australia, North America and the UK. The single film that made up the eighth incarnation's era was not available in North America and Australia at the point when the Series One was released.
* Originally, Russell T Davies approached [[Hugh Grant]], who previously played the Doctor's alternate [[Twelfth Doctor (The Curse of Fatal Death)|twelfth incarnation]], to play the Ninth Doctor. He turned down the role, thinking the show would not take off. He expressed deep regret in 2007 after seeing how successful the show had become.<ref>http://www.bitsofnews.com/content/view/5216/42/</ref>
* The [[Tardis:Canon policy#Behind the scenes information|non-narrative source]] ''[[The Brilliant Book 2011]]'' stated that in [[1944]], the Ninth Doctor took [[Winston Churchill]] on a trip to Ancient [[Rome]], where they encountered a creature disguised as one of Emperor Tiberius's reclining benches. Winston then realised why the [[Second Doctor]] had taught him how to address a table in Latin back in [[1882]].
 
== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}
 
== External links ==
 
* [http://www.drwhoguide.com/mp3/who9.mp3 Ninth Doctor's opening titles theme music]
* [http://www.whoisdoctorwho.co.uk/index8.shtml List of Doctor sightings]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/whoisdoctorwho/sightings.shtml Reported sightings of Doctor Who?]
{{NameSort}}
 
[[Category:Ninth Doctor| *]]
[[Category:Ninth Doctor| *]]
[[Category:Platform One visitors]]
[[Category:Platform One visitors]]
[[Category:Individual Time Lords]]
[[Category:Individual Time Lords]]
[[Category:Time War escapees]]
[[Category:Time War escapees]]

Revision as of 01:23, 28 February 2012

The Taliban (Pashto: طالبان), alternative spelling Taleban,[5] (ṭālibān, meaning "students" in Pashto) is an Islamist militant and political group that ruled large parts of Afghanistan and its capital, Kabul, as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan from September 1996 until October 2001. It gained diplomatic recognition from only three states: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The main leader of the Taliban movement is Mullah Mohammed Omar,[6] and Kandahar is considered the birthplace of the Taliban.[7] While in power, they enforced one of the strictest interpretations of Sharia law ever seen in the Muslim world,[8] and leading Muslims have been highly critical of the Taliban interpretations of Islamic law.[9] The Taliban were condemned internationally for their brutal repression of women. The majority of their leaders were influenced by Deobandi fundamentalism,[10] and many also strictly follow the social and cultural norm called Pashtunwali.[11] The Taliban movement is primarily made up of members belonging to Pashtun tribes, the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan.[12] From 1995-2001, the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence[13] and military[14] are widely alleged by the international community to have provided support to the Taliban.[15] Pakistan has been accused by many international officials of continuing to support the Taliban today, but Pakistan claims to have dropped all support for the group since 9/11.[16][17][18] Al Qaeda also supported the Taliban with regiments of imported fighters from Arab countries and Central Asia.[19][20][21] Saudi Arabia provided financial support.[22] The Taliban and their allies committed massacres against Afghan civilians,[23][24][25] denied UN food supplies to 160,000 starving civilians[26] and conducted a policy of scorched earth burning vast areas of fertile land and destroying tens of thousands of homes during their rule from 1996-2001.[27][28] Hundreds of thousands of people were forced to flee to United Front-controlled territory, Pakistan and Iran.[28] After the attacks of September 11, 2001 the Taliban were overthrown by the Operation Enduring Freedom. Later it regrouped as an insurgency movement to fight the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (established in late 2001) and the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).[29] They use terrorism as a specific tactic to further their ideological and political goals.[30][31] According to the United Nations, the Taliban and their allies were responsible for 75% of civilian casualties in 2010 and 80% in 2011.[32][33][34] Today the Taliban operate in Afghanistan and northwest Pakistan. It is believed one of their current major headquarters is near Quetta in Pakistan.[35][36]