Capitalism
A version of the Doctor from an Alternate universe described capitalism in the following way; "Some people win; most lose all they had.", (AUDIO: The Emporium At The End) although there was disagreement as to whether or not this descriptor was also fairly applicable to the version of Captalism in operation in N-Space, as well, with various incarnations of the "prime" Doctor displaying different opinions on this; for instance the Seventh (PROSE: Closing the Account) and Twelfth (TV: Oxygen) Doctor thinking it did, with the Thirteenth denying at least that such problems were necessarily inherent to the system, (TV: Kerblam!) and the Third Doctor having mixed views, believing unemployment to be "Capitalism’s biggest problem", but admitting to the President that he "seem[ed] to have fixed" that. (AUDIO: The Paradise of Death).
Capitalism was typically defined as opposed to Feudalism (TV The Monster of Peladon), or Communism (AUDIO: Brotherhood of the Daleks).
Capitalism could be exploited to the extreme with no regard to the lives of others. Ganymede Systems began to not providing oxygen in space stations and forced people to buy it via smart suits. They also began killing workers when they hadn't been productive enough and brought into new workers. However, thanks to the Twelfth Doctor, a rebellion was started and Ganymede Systems was overthrown. According to the Doctor, the incident "about wrap[ped] it up for capitalism." but clarified its end only led to humanity making "a new mistake" (TV: Oxygen), and, indeed, concepts like trade, commerce, and class were shown to outlast the Earth itself. (TV Gridlock)
The Eighth Doctor was assumed to be a capitalist by several people in Spain. Fitz Kreiner branded Anji Kapoor a "capitalist pig" who was in turn surprised by how similar career communists and career capitalists were.
While fighting in the Spanish Civil War, Bob Edwards used a megaphone to shout out lengthy political arguments about the capitalist system. (PROSE: History 101)