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James II of England (also James VII of Scotland) was an English and Scottish monarch who reigned in the latter half of the 17th century. He was the grandson of King James I, the son of King Charles I and the younger brother of King Charles II. His reign came to an abrupt end with the Glorious Revolution in November 1688. (CC: The Glorious Revolution)
He was the paternal grandfather of Bonnie Prince Charlie, who tried to reclaim the English and Scottish thrones for his family in the Jacobite Rising which ended with the Jacobite defeat at the Battle of Culloden on 16 April 1746. The Second Doctor's future companion Jamie McCrimmon was among the survivors, as was his laird and future father-in-law Colin McLaren. (DW: The Highlanders)
Alternative timeline
In an alternative timeline accidentally created by Jamie in 1688, the Glorious Revolution was a failure and James II remained on the throne until his death. Consequently, the Jacobite Risings and the Battle of Culloden never took place. His grandson Charles Edward Stuart, better known as Bonnie Prince Charlie, eventually ascended the throne. He was still the reigning monarch in 1788. (CC: The Glorious Revolution)