A centaur was mythological creature that was part-human and part-horse.
The Doctor met several alien species which resembled centaurs. These included the Klim, (COMIC: The Dalek Revenge) Firbolg, (PROSE: Cat's Cradle: Witch Mark) Unon, (COMIC: Weapons of Past Destruction) and Aquabi. (AUDIO: Pest Control)
Cheiron, one of the centaurs escaping from Tír na n-Óg, was burnt to death. Witnesses were told it was an escaped lab experiment. (PROSE: Cat's Cradle: Witch Mark)
On Caligaris Epsilon Six, the Eleventh Doctor and Amy found a centaur. The Doctor also remarked they were haunted by humans, which led to their extinction. (COMIC: A Fairytale Life)