The Not-Things were creatures from beyond the universe that imitated the Fourteenth Doctor and Donna Noble when the TARDIS deposited them on a spaceship at the edge of creation.
Being capable of replicating individuals almost completely, including their memories. The Not-Things were capable of copying Donna up to a 99.9% accurate level. The Doctor claimed they accomplished this by converting the surrounding heat into mass via E = mc², making the surrounding air cold when within their presence. However, as they acclimitised, they could do so without noticeable heat change. They copied best at speed, working off of fear and the adrenaline response. They had trouble with shaping human arms and jaws specifically.
Being creatures from outside the universe, they initially did not understand size, shape, object permanence, or the intricacies of the human psyche. This made them easier to identify, however this became more difficult as they learnt more about their target as they continued to replicate them. (TV: Wild Blue Yonder [+]Loading...["Wild Blue Yonder (TV story)"])