According to the Thirteenth Doctor, positrons produced by the Tsuranga's particle accelerator interacted with the fuel materials to produce heat, which produced thrust. (TV: The Tsuranga Conundrum [+]Loading...["The Tsuranga Conundrum (TV story)"])
The Rocket ZA685 operated on a chemical fuel, of which there was barely enough for a return journey from Earth to the Moon, however the Moon continued to have fuel storage into the 2080s. (TV: The Seeds of Death [+]Loading...["The Seeds of Death (TV story)"])
TARDIS engines made use of fuel rods that had to constantly be submerged within the TARDIS' liquid fuel lest they start to warp. When The Doctor's TARDIS was damaged by a magno-grab in an alternate timeline, it began to leak fuel. Once its fuel was drained, the TARDIS' fuel rods began to warp out of their housings. (TV: Journey to the Centre of the TARDIS [+]Loading...["Journey to the Centre of the TARDIS (TV story)"])
In the Battle of Floor 0507, Nardole devised a way to remotely detonate the fuel rods beneath the holographic floor, allowing the Mondasians to trick the Cybermen into thinking they had powerful weaponry. When surrounded by Cybermen, the Twelfth Doctor detonated all of the fuel rods on the floor. (TV: The Doctor Falls [+]Loading...["The Doctor Falls (TV story)"])
Following the Monstron invasion of Skaro, the Dalek Empire set its sights on the mineral wealth of the planet Oric. Given the sheer distance between the planet and Skaro, the Daleks constructed a space station where they could refuel their spacecrafts. (COMIC: Eve of the War [+]Loading...["Eve of the War (comic story)"])