Alpha Meson appeared to be a type of energy.
Some of its known uses were as "alpha meson phosphor", the presence of which could provide a light source throughout a building without the need for bulbs or openings to natural light. (DW: Tomb of the Cybermen).
River Song carried an Alpha Meson pistol, capable of disintegrating a wooden cabinet and destroying a weakened Dalek. (DW: The Pandorica Opens/The Big Bang) It could also produce a flame similar to an oxy-acetylene torch, able to melt the metal of a Home Box. (DW: The Time of Angels).
- It should be noted that in Tomb of the Cybermen, it was pronounced "May-zon", while in the Big Bang it was pronounced "Mee-zon". This may be a personal preference, or a localisation as with other known elements within one language. For example, methane is pronounced "mee-thane" in some countries including the UK, while it is pronounced "meh-thane" in other countries such as the US.