Carrionite
The Carrionites were species of humanoids which used word-based science or "witchcraft" to reshape reality.
Biology
The true form of a Carrionite resembled a giant skeletal raven or crow. They could assume a more humanoid form but this expended a lot of energy and thus they usually had wrinkled skin, large clawed hands, and sharp canine teeth (REF: Doctor Who: The Encyclopedia) However, the Carrionite Lilith could assume the form of a beautiful young woman, a trick she used to ensnare male victims. (DW: The Shakespeare Code) The Carrionites were also an all female species, (DW: The Shakespeare Code) though it was said that they ate their males (REF: Doctor Who: The Ultimate Monster Guide).
Technology
Carrionite technology was described as witchcraft, it was actually based on a word-based science, as opposed to the mathematics of most species. This technology relied on the right words and the right places, such as the Carrionite's use of Globe Theatre's structure. They also placed great importance on the knowing the names of an individual, which would allow them to take control of them.
- The fact their science was largely implemented using words alone, without much use of instrumentality, suggests that their powers were derived from the lexical equivalent of block transfer (which used pure mathematics to reshape reality).
Using this linguistic technology as the basis, the Carrionites had a wide variety of abilities. They used both poppets and puppets as DNA replication module, allowing them to cause damage from afar or control a person's actions. This required a tissue sample, such as a hair, to work. They could also fly, dematerialise and rematerialise at will, communicate with other Carrionites from a distance and find out a person's name. (DW: The Shakespeare Code)
History
At "the dawn of the Universe", the Carrionites evolved in their 14-planet star system and developed their word-based science. (DW: The Shakespeare Code) They were known to be a vicious race, using their technology to attack other planets from far away. (REF: Doctor Who: The Ultimate Monster Guide) Eventually, the Carrionites got into a war with the Hervoken. This war threatened the structure of the universe, so the Eternals stepped in and banished them to the Deep Darkness. (NSA: Forever Autumn)
Several million years later, in the late 16th century, a group of three Carrionites - Bloodtide, Doomfinger and Lilith - escaped using words of power from the plays of William Shakespeare, partly the result of the writer's grief at the death of his son. They influenced the design of the 14-sided Globe Theatre, based on the planets of their star system, and, in 1599, planned to use his new play, Love's Labour's Won, to free the rest of their race from the Darkness and take over Earth, removing Humanity from it as a pestilence, to establish the "Millennium of Blood".
The last few lines of the play were written by Shakespeare in a trance to be a spell said by one of the cast of the play to open a portal from the Deep Darkness to this universe. However, the portal was closed and the race of witches and all copies of Love's Labour's Won vanished into the Darkness thanks to the help of the Tenth Doctor, who told him that he was "the wordsmith" and could create the new words of power to send them back into the Darkness, and Martha Jones, who provided the last word - "Expelliarmus" - from the Harry Potter series of novels. The escaped Carrionites were trapped within a crystal ball. (DW: The Shakespeare Code) The Doctor took the crystal ball and kept it in his TARDIS. (DW: The Unicorn and the Wasp, NSA: The Taking of Chelsea 426)
