Food
"Food" or "foodstuff" was the name given to edible objects. It was consumed around the entire universe, by many species and different alien races. "Vittles" was a colloquial name for food. (TV: Horror of Fang Rock) The First Doctor noted that food had component parts including flavours, which could be blended like primary colours. (TV: The Daleks) Ribbons believed that "luckily" anything could be distracted "with a little bit of food", which he put into practice on the flesh moths. (TV: It Takes You Away)
To find out what kind of food a life form ate someone had to look at its teeth. Canine teeth were used for spearing and ripping through meat. Incisors were used for cutting up food. Molars were used for grinding up food. Pre-molars were used for chewing food. The Judoon had all four - the teeth of an omnivore, which meant they ate meat and vegetables. (WC: Teeth and Eating)
Earth
On planet Earth, a vast variety of foods were available, such as chips, (TV: School Reunion) steak, (TV: Sky) fruit, (TV: "The Firemaker") turkey (TV: The Time of the Doctor) and many others.
The Ninth Doctor claimed that the era of the year 200,000, the Fourth Great and Bountiful Human Empire, boasted "fine food". Served aboard Satellite Five were kronkburgers, which could be served with cheese and pajatos, and zaffic, a drink which Rose Tyler likened to a Slush Puppie with a beef flavour. (TV: The Long Game)
The Tenth Doctor used food, namely a pork chop, to distract a Hoix. (TV: Love & Monsters)
The Doctor and food
The Doctor was rather fond of Earth food, most likely because they liked Earth so much in general. In particular, they had a sweet spot for jelly babies, (TV: Robot, Doctor Who) celery (TV: Castrovalva) and fish fingers and custard (TV: The Eleventh Hour) over the course of their many incarnations.
The Ninth Doctor ordered steak and chips while dining with Blon Fel-Fotch Passameer-Day Slitheen. (TV: Boom Town)
Daleks
During the era succeeding the neutronic war, the Daleks grew their food via artificial sunlight in a hydroponic force house (COMIC: The Road to Conflict [+]Loading...["The Road to Conflict (comic story)"]) When Bernice Summerfield was trapped in the Dalek City, she found the Daleks' hydroponic farm, surprising her that the Daleks needed food. (AUDIO: The Lights of Skaro [+]Loading...["The Lights of Skaro (audio story)"])
At the onset of the Thal-Dalek battle, the Daleks baited their Great Hall with food for the Thals, ambushing their foes, but managing to kill only Temmosus. (TV: The Daleks [+]Loading...["The Daleks (TV story)"])