Season 16 (Doctor Who 1963): Difference between revisions

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The '''sixteenth season''' of ''[[Doctor Who]]'' ran between [[2nd September]] [[1978]] and [[24th February]] [[1979]]. This season saw the introduction of the [[Black Guardian|Black]] and [[White Guardian|White]] Guardians as well as the companion [[Romana]].  This season is sometimes colloquially known as '''The Key to Time''' season after the story arc involving the [[Key to Time]]. It consisted of 6 serials and 26 epsiodes. In 2002 (Region 1) it became the first ''Doctor Who'' season to be released to DVD in its entirety in a single box set; it remained the only "classic series" season to be available as a single set until the release of [[Season 23]], ''[[The Trial of a Time Lord]]'' to DVD in [[2008]].
{{real world}}
{{Infobox Series
|image            = Doctor Who diamond logo.jpg
|image2          =
|broadcast year  = 1978
|broadcast year2  = 1979
|ep count        = 26
|story count      = 6
|first ep        = The Ribos Operation (TV story)
|doctor          = Fourth Doctor
|doctor2          =
|companion        = Romana I
|companion2      = K9 Mark II
|producer        = Graham Williams
|producer2        =
|script ed        = Anthony Read
|script ed2      =
|start date      = [[2 September (releases)|2 September]] [[1978 (releases)|1978]]
|end date        = [[24 February (releases)|24 February]] [[1979 (releases)|1979]]
|network          = BBC1
|runtime          = 25'
|DWM              =
|DWM2            =
|DWM3            =
|DWM4            =
|DWM5            =
|DWM6            =
|DWM7            =
|DWM8            =
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|DWM10            =
|DWM11            =
|DWM12            =
|DWM13            =
|DWM14            =
|DWM15            =
|DWM16            =
|DWM17            =
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|DWM22            =
|DWM23            =
|DWM24            =
|DWM25            =
|DWMSE            = DWMSE 9
|DWMSE2          = DWMSE 16
|DWMSE3          =
|DWMSE4          =
|DWMSE5          =
|ref book        = The Discontinuity Guide
|ref book2        = The Fourth Doctor Handbook
|ref book3        = The Seventies
|ref book4        = About Time 4
|ref book5        = TCH 28{{!}}The Complete History 28
|ref book6        = TCH 29
|ref book7        = TCH 30
|doc              = A Matter of Time
|doc2            = There's Something About Mary...
|doc3            =
|doc4            =
|doc5            =
|mythmakers      = MM VHS 2
|mythmakers2      = MM VHS 17
|mythmakers3      = MM VHS 21
|mythmakers4      = MM VHS 50
|mythmakers5      = MM DVD 52
|mythmakers6      =
|mythmakers7      =
|mythmakers8      =
|mythmakers9      =
|mythmakers10    =
|prev            = season 15 (Doctor Who 1963)|
|next            = season 17 (Doctor Who 1963)|
|trailer          =
|trailer2        =
|clip            = The white guardian - Doctor Who - The Ribos Operation - BBC
|clip2            = Stretch! - Doctor Who - The Power of Kroll - BBC
|clip3            = You Shall Die for This! - Doctor Who - The Armageddon Factor - BBC
|bts              =
|bts2            =
|bts3            =
}}
'''Season 16''' of ''[[Doctor Who]]'', also referred to as '''''The Key to Time''''', ran from [[2 September (releases)|2 September]] [[1978 (releases)|1978]] to [[24 February (releases)|24 February]] [[1979 (releases)|1979]]. It starred [[Tom Baker]] as the [[Fourth Doctor]], [[Mary Tamm]] as [[Romana I]] and [[John Leeson]] as [[K9 Mark II]]. The season opened with ''[[The Ribos Operation (TV story)|The Ribos Operation]]'' and concluded with ''[[The Armageddon Factor (TV story)|The Armageddon Factor]]''.


[[Image:Title-4a.jpg|right|250px]]
== Overview ==
==Stories==
It consisted of six serials comprised of twenty-six episodes. This season saw the introduction of the [[Black Guardian|Black]] and [[White Guardian]]s as well as the companion Romana I who became the first [[Time Lady]] companion since [[Susan Foreman|Susan]]. This season is sometimes colloquially known as ''The Key to Time'' season after the story arc involving the [[Key to Time]]. Although not the first season to consist of linked stories ([[Season 8 (Doctor Who 1963)|Season 8]] in [[1971 (releases)|1971]] was the first, as all the stories that year featured {{Delgado}}), it was the first to be recognised as having a series-long arc. Although multi-serial arcs would occur again, such a full-season experiment wouldn't be attempted again until [[Season 23 (Doctor Who 1963)|Season 23]]. The arc has a number of similarities to the Season 1 story ''[[The Keys of Marinus (TV story)|The Keys of Marinus]]''. The storyline was originally proposed for Season 15, but it required more planning.<ref>http://www.shannonsullivan.com/doctorwho/serials/5a.html</ref>
*[[The Ribos Operation]] (4 episodes)
*[[The Pirate Planet]] (4 episodes)
*[[The Stones of Blood]] (4 episodes)
*[[The Androids of Tara]] (4 episodes)
*[[The Power of Kroll]] (4 episodes)  
*[[The Armageddon Factor]] (6 episodes)


==Main Cast==
Season 16 marked a triple milestone for ''Doctor Who'': the hundredth story (''[[The Stones of Blood (TV story)|The Stones of Blood]]''), the five-hundredth episode (episode 1 of ''[[The Armageddon Factor (TV story)|The Armageddon Factor]]'') and the fifteenth anniversary of the first broadcast, on [[23 November (releases)|23 November]] 1978.
*[[Fourth Doctor|The Doctor]] - [[Tom Baker]]
*[[Romana I|Romana]] - [[Mary Tamm]] (introduced ''[[The Armageddon Factor]]'')
*[[K-9 Mark II|K-9]] - [[John Leeson]] (voice) (absent during ''[[The Power of Kroll]]'')


===Notes===
A number of publicity photos for the season show Tom Baker sporting a very obvious bandage on his upper lip; this was due to his being bit by a dog shortly before filming for the season began. The resulting lip injury is visible to varying degrees throughout the season.
[[John Leeson]], more well known as the voice of [[K-9]] appeared in the flesh as [[Dugeen]] during ''[[The Power of Kroll]]''.


==Adaptations and merchandising==
In [[2002 (releases)|2002]] (Region 1) it became the first ''Doctor Who'' season to be released to DVD in its entirety in a single box set; it remained the only "classic series" season to be available as a single set until the release of [[Season 23 (Doctor Who 1963)|Season 23]], ''[[Season 23 (Doctor Who 1963)|The Trial of a Time Lord]]'' to DVD in [[2008 (releases)|2008]].
===Video===
====VHS====
*The Ribos Operation
*The Pirate Planet
*The Stones of Blood
*The Androids of Tara
*The Power of Kroll
*The Armageddon Factor
*[[The Tom Baker years]] (excerpts from all stories)  


====DVD====
Tom Baker decided to leave by the end of this season, but he was persuaded to stay.<ref>http://www.shannonsullivan.com/doctorwho/serials/5f.html</ref>
*[[The Key to Time (box set)|The Key to Time]] (box set containing all stories)


* Region 1 [[1st October]] [[2002]]
== Television stories ==
::NTSC -
{| {{prettytable}}
!# ||Title ||Writer ||Episodes ||Notes
|-
|1||''[[The Ribos Operation (TV story)|The Ribos Operation]]''||[[Robert Holmes]]||4||First appearance of [[Romana I|Romana]] and the [[White Guardian]]. Beginning of the [[Key to Time]] quest.
|-
|2||''[[The Pirate Planet (TV story)|The Pirate Planet]]''||[[Douglas Adams]]||4||First story to written by [[Douglas Adams]], and the only televised story where he received sole credit.
|-
|3||''[[The Stones of Blood (TV story)|The Stones of Blood]]''|| rowspan="2" |[[David Fisher (writer)|David Fisher]]|| 4||Marks ''Doctor Who''{{'}}s one hundredth television story. Part four aired during the fifteenth anniversary of the series. First story to be written by [[David Fisher]].
|-
|4||''[[The Androids of Tara (TV story)|The Androids of Tara]]''|||4||
|-
|5||''[[The Power of Kroll (TV story)|The Power of Kroll]]''||Robert Holmes||4||
|-
|6||''[[The Armageddon Factor (TV story)|The Armageddon Factor]]''||[[Bob Baker]]<br />[[Dave Martin]]||6||Final appearance of [[Romana I]]. First appearance of the [[Black Guardian]]. Final story on which [[Anthony Read]] was script editor and the final story to be written by [[Dave Martin]]. Conclusion to the Key to Time quest.
|}
 
== Cast ==
* [[Fourth Doctor|Doctor Who]] - [[Tom Baker]]
* [[Romana I]] - [[Mary Tamm]]
* [[K9 Mark II|K9]] - [[John Leeson]]


* Region 2 [[24th September]] [[2007]]
=== Recurring ===
::PAL -  
* [[White Guardian|The Guardian]] - [[Cyril Luckham]]
* [[Black Guardian|The Guardian]] - [[Valentine Dyall]]


* Region 4 [[7th November]] [[2007]]
=== Guest ===
::PAL -
* [[Garron]] - [[Iain Cuthbertson]]
* [[Unstoffe]] - [[Nigel Plaskitt]]
* [[Graff Vynda-K]] - [[Paul Seed]]
* [[Sholakh]] - [[Robert Keegan]]
* [[Binro]] - [[Timothy Bateson]]
* [[The Captain|Captain]] - [[Bruce Purchase]]
* Mr. [[Fibuli]] - [[Andrew Robertson]]
* [[Kimus]] - [[David Warwick]]
* [[Mula]] - [[Primi Townsend]]
* [[Xanxia|Nurse]] - [[Rosalind Lloyd]]
* Professor [[Amelia Rumford|Rumford]] - [[Beatrix Lehmann]]
* [[Cessair of Diplos|Vivien Fay]] - [[Susan Engel]]
* [[Leonard de Vries|De Vries]] - [[Nicholas McArdle]]
* [[Martha (The Stones of Blood)|Martha]] - [[Elaine Ives-Cameron]]
* [[Megara]] Voices - [[Gerald Cross]], [[David McAlister]]
* Count [[Grendel of Gracht|Grendel]] - [[Peter Jeffrey]]
* [[Zadek]] - [[Simon Lack]]
* Prince [[Reynart]] - [[Neville Jason]]
* Princess [[Strella]] - [[Mary Tamm]]
* [[Farrah]] - [[Paul Lavers]]
* [[Lamia]] - [[Lois Baxter]]
* [[Till]] - [[Declan Mulholland]]
* [[Archimandrite]] - [[Cyril Shaps]]
* [[Thawn]] - [[Neil McCarthy]]
* [[Fenner]] - [[Philip Madoc]]
* [[Dugeen]] - [[John Leeson]]
* [[Rohm-Dutt]] - [[Glyn Owen]]
* [[Ranquin]] - [[John Abineri]]
* [[Varlik]] - [[Carl Rigg]]
* [[Skart]] - [[Frank Jarvis]]
* [[Harg]] - [[Grahame Mallard]]
* [[Marshal of Atrios|Marshal]] - [[John Woodvine]]
* Princess [[Astra of Atrios]] - [[Lalla Ward]]
* [[Merak]] - [[Ian Saynor]]
* [[Shapp]] - [[Davyd Harries]]
* [[The Shadow]] - [[William Squire]]
* [[Pilot (The Armageddon Factor)|Pilot]] - [[Pat Gorman]]
* [[Second Drax|Drax]] - [[Barry Jackson (actor)|Barry Jackson]]


===Novelisations===
=== Notes ===
*[[Doctor Who and the Ribos Operation]]
* [[John Leeson]], more well known as the voice of [[K9]], appeared as the human [[Dugeen]] during ''[[The Power of Kroll (TV story)|The Power of Kroll]]'' due to K-9 being absent from that story.
*[[Doctor Who and the Stones of Blood]]
* [[Lalla Ward]] guest stars as [[Princess Astra]] in ''[[The Armageddon Factor (TV story)|The Armageddon Factor]]'' before taking over the role of Romana from Mary Tamm in ''[[Destiny of the Daleks (TV story)|Destiny of the Daleks]]''.
*[[Doctor Who and the Androids of Tara]]
*[[Doctor Who and the Power of Kroll]]
*[[Doctor Who and the Armageddon Factor]]


===Audiobooks===
== Stories set before this season ==
The following stories are the known stories set between [[Season 15 (Doctor Who 1963)|Season 15]] finale ''[[The Invasion of Time (TV story)|The Invasion of Time]]'' and Season 16 opener ''[[The Ribos Operation (TV story)|The Ribos Operation]]'':


==Contemporaries==
=== Audio ===
Other selected TV series launched during the 1978-79 season:
* ''[[The Sinestran Kill (audio story)|The Sinestran Kill]]''
*''Return of the Saint''
* ''[[Planet of the Drashigs (audio story)|Planet of the Drashigs]]''
*''Taxi''
* ''[[The Enchantress of Numbers (audio story)|The Enchantress of Numbers]]''
*''Mork & Mindy''
* ''[[The False Guardian (audio story)|The False Guardian]]''
*''Battlestar Galactica''
*''WKRP in Cincinatti''
*''Diff'rent Strokes''
*''3-2-1''
*''The Dukes of Hazzard''
*''Tales of the Unexpected''
*''Mobile Suit Gundam''
*''Real People''


==External Links==
''to be completed''
[http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/season16.shtml BBC website guide to Season 16]


{| class="browser"
== Stories set during this season ==
 
=== Novels ===
* ''[[Tomb of Valdemar (novel)|Tomb of Valdemar]]''
* ''[[The Shadow of Weng-Chiang (novel)|The Shadow of Weng-Chiang]]''
* Fourth Doctor and Romana's involvement in ''[[Heart of TARDIS (novel)|Heart of TARDIS]]''
 
=== Short Stories ===
 
* ''[[X-Rani and the Ugly Mutants (short story)|X-Rani and the Ugly Mutants]]''
* ''[[Light Fantastic (short story)|Light Fantastic]]''
* ''[[Reluctant Warriors (short story)|Reluctant Warriors]]''
 
=== Audios ===
* ''[[Ferril's Folly (audio story)|Ferril's Folly]]''
* The Fourth Doctor and Romana I's involvement in ''[[Luna Romana (audio story)|Luna Romana]]''
 
=== Comics ===
* ''[[The Weapon (comic story)|The Weapon]]''
 
== Adaptations and merchandising ==
=== Home media ===
==== VHS releases ====
* ''[[The Ribos Operation (TV story)|The Ribos Operation]]''
* ''[[The Pirate Planet (TV story)|The Pirate Planet]]''
* ''[[The Stones of Blood (TV story)|The Stones of Blood]]''
* ''[[The Androids of Tara (TV story)|The Androids of Tara]]''
* ''[[The Power of Kroll (TV story)|The Power of Kroll]]''
* ''[[The Armageddon Factor (TV story)|The Armageddon Factor]]''
* ''[[The Tom Baker Years (VHS box set)|The Tom Baker Years]]'' (excerpts from all stories)
 
==== DVD & Blu-ray releases ====
This entire season was released with minimal restoration and extras only in Region 1 as a box set or individually on [[1 October (releases)|1 October]] [[2002 (releases)|2002]]. A limited edition box set with full restoration and expanded extras was released in Region 2 on [[24 September (releases)|24 September]] [[2007 (releases)|2007]]. This limited edition set was later issued in Region 4 on [[7 November (releases)|7 November]] [[2007 (releases)|2007]], in Region 1 on [[3 March (releases)|3 March]] [[2009 (releases)|2009]] as a Special Edition release (these were also available individually), and in Region 2 on [[16 November (releases)|16 November]] [[2009 (releases)|2009]] as a non-limited re-release.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
|-
| class="prev"|'''Previous season''':<br />[[Season 15]]
! style="width:30%;" |'''Serial name'''
| class="next"|'''Next season''':<br />[[Season 17]]
! style="width:10%;" |'''Number and duration<br />of episodes'''
! style="width:10%;" |'''R2 release date'''
! style="width:10%;" |'''R4 release date'''
! style="width:10%;" |'''R1 release date'''
|-
|''[[The Key to Time (box set)|The Key to Time]]''
|| 26 × 25 min. ||N/A ||N/A ||1 October 2002
|-
|''[[The Key to Time (box set)|The Key to Time]]:''
 
''[[The Ribos Operation (TV story)|The Ribos Operation]]'' (4 episodes) <br /> ''[[The Pirate Planet (TV story)|The Pirate Planet]] ''(4 episodes)<br />''[[The Stones of Blood (TV story)|The Stones of Blood]]'' (4 episodes)<br />''[[The Androids of Tara (TV story)|The Androids of Tara]]'' (4 episodes)<br />''[[The Power of Kroll (TV story)|The Power of Kroll]]'' (4 episodes)<br />''[[The Armageddon Factor (TV story)|The Armageddon Factor]]'' (6 episodes)
 
<small>Only available in ''[[The Key to Time (box set)|The Key to Time]]'' box set in Regions 2 and 4. <br />Available individually or in the box set in Region 1.</small>
|| 26 × 25 min. || 27 September 2007<br /><small>(Limited release)</small><br /> 16 November 2009<br /><small>(Re-release)</small>||7 November 2007 ||3 March 2009
|}
 
==== Download/streaming availability ====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="width:25%;" |'''Serial name'''
!Amazon Video
!iTunes
|-
|''[[The Ribos Operation (TV story)|The Ribos Operation]]'' (4 episodes)
|✓
|✓
|-
|''[[The Pirate Planet (TV story)|The Pirate Planet]]'' (4 episodes)
|✓
|✓
|-
|''[[The Stones of Blood (TV story)|The Stones of Blood]]'' (4 episodes)
|✓
|✓
|-
|''[[The Androids of Tara (TV story)|The Androids of Tara]]'' (4 episodes)
|✓
|✓
|-
|''[[The Power of Kroll (TV story)|The Power of Kroll]]'' (4 episodes)
|✓
|✓
|-
|''[[The Armageddon Factor (TV story)|The Armageddon Factor]]'' (6 episodes)
|✓
|✓
|}
|}


{{season 16}}
=== Novels ===
* ''[[Doctor Who and the Ribos Operation (novelisation)|Doctor Who and the Ribos Operation]]''
* ''[[The Pirate Planet (novelisation)|The Pirate Planet]]''
* ''[[Doctor Who and the Stones of Blood (novelisation)|Doctor Who and the Stones of Blood]]''
* ''[[Doctor Who and the Androids of Tara (novelisation)|Doctor Who and the Androids of Tara]]''
* ''[[Doctor Who and the Power of Kroll (novelisation)|Doctor Who and the Power of Kroll]]''
* ''[[Doctor Who and the Armageddon Factor (novelisation)|Doctor Who and the Armageddon Factor]]''
 
[[Target Books]] was unable to come to an agreement with [[Douglas Adams]] to novelise his script, ''The Pirate Planet''. It was finally adapted by [[BBC Books]] in 2017.
 
== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}
 
== External links ==
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/season16.shtml BBC website guide to Season 16]
{{DWTV}}
{{season 16 aliens}}
{{TitleSort}}
 
[[de:Doctor Who Staffel 16]]
[[es:Temporada 16 (DW-C)]]
[[it:Sedicesima Stagione]]
[[pt:16ª Temporada (SC)]]
[[ru:16 сезон (классические серии)]]


[[Category:Seasons]]
[[Category:Doctor Who seasons]]
[[Category:Doctor Who seasons]]
[[Category:Key to Time arc|*]]
[[Category:Infobox double checked]]

Latest revision as of 20:15, 3 November 2024

RealWorld.png

Season 16 of Doctor Who, also referred to as The Key to Time, ran from 2 September 1978 to 24 February 1979. It starred Tom Baker as the Fourth Doctor, Mary Tamm as Romana I and John Leeson as K9 Mark II. The season opened with The Ribos Operation and concluded with The Armageddon Factor.

Overview[[edit] | [edit source]]

It consisted of six serials comprised of twenty-six episodes. This season saw the introduction of the Black and White Guardians as well as the companion Romana I who became the first Time Lady companion since Susan. This season is sometimes colloquially known as The Key to Time season after the story arc involving the Key to Time. Although not the first season to consist of linked stories (Season 8 in 1971 was the first, as all the stories that year featured the Master), it was the first to be recognised as having a series-long arc. Although multi-serial arcs would occur again, such a full-season experiment wouldn't be attempted again until Season 23. The arc has a number of similarities to the Season 1 story The Keys of Marinus. The storyline was originally proposed for Season 15, but it required more planning.[1]

Season 16 marked a triple milestone for Doctor Who: the hundredth story (The Stones of Blood), the five-hundredth episode (episode 1 of The Armageddon Factor) and the fifteenth anniversary of the first broadcast, on 23 November 1978.

A number of publicity photos for the season show Tom Baker sporting a very obvious bandage on his upper lip; this was due to his being bit by a dog shortly before filming for the season began. The resulting lip injury is visible to varying degrees throughout the season.

In 2002 (Region 1) it became the first Doctor Who season to be released to DVD in its entirety in a single box set; it remained the only "classic series" season to be available as a single set until the release of Season 23, The Trial of a Time Lord to DVD in 2008.

Tom Baker decided to leave by the end of this season, but he was persuaded to stay.[2]

Television stories[[edit] | [edit source]]

# Title Writer Episodes Notes
1 The Ribos Operation Robert Holmes 4 First appearance of Romana and the White Guardian. Beginning of the Key to Time quest.
2 The Pirate Planet Douglas Adams 4 First story to written by Douglas Adams, and the only televised story where he received sole credit.
3 The Stones of Blood David Fisher 4 Marks Doctor Who's one hundredth television story. Part four aired during the fifteenth anniversary of the series. First story to be written by David Fisher.
4 The Androids of Tara 4
5 The Power of Kroll Robert Holmes 4
6 The Armageddon Factor Bob Baker
Dave Martin
6 Final appearance of Romana I. First appearance of the Black Guardian. Final story on which Anthony Read was script editor and the final story to be written by Dave Martin. Conclusion to the Key to Time quest.

Cast[[edit] | [edit source]]

Recurring[[edit] | [edit source]]

Guest[[edit] | [edit source]]

Notes[[edit] | [edit source]]

Stories set before this season[[edit] | [edit source]]

The following stories are the known stories set between Season 15 finale The Invasion of Time and Season 16 opener The Ribos Operation:

Audio[[edit] | [edit source]]

to be completed

Stories set during this season[[edit] | [edit source]]

Novels[[edit] | [edit source]]

Short Stories[[edit] | [edit source]]

Audios[[edit] | [edit source]]

Comics[[edit] | [edit source]]

Adaptations and merchandising[[edit] | [edit source]]

Home media[[edit] | [edit source]]

VHS releases[[edit] | [edit source]]

DVD & Blu-ray releases[[edit] | [edit source]]

This entire season was released with minimal restoration and extras only in Region 1 as a box set or individually on 1 October 2002. A limited edition box set with full restoration and expanded extras was released in Region 2 on 24 September 2007. This limited edition set was later issued in Region 4 on 7 November 2007, in Region 1 on 3 March 2009 as a Special Edition release (these were also available individually), and in Region 2 on 16 November 2009 as a non-limited re-release.

Serial name Number and duration
of episodes
R2 release date R4 release date R1 release date
The Key to Time 26 × 25 min. N/A N/A 1 October 2002
The Key to Time:

The Ribos Operation (4 episodes)
The Pirate Planet (4 episodes)
The Stones of Blood (4 episodes)
The Androids of Tara (4 episodes)
The Power of Kroll (4 episodes)
The Armageddon Factor (6 episodes)

Only available in The Key to Time box set in Regions 2 and 4.
Available individually or in the box set in Region 1.

26 × 25 min. 27 September 2007
(Limited release)
16 November 2009
(Re-release)
7 November 2007 3 March 2009

Download/streaming availability[[edit] | [edit source]]

Serial name Amazon Video iTunes
The Ribos Operation (4 episodes)
The Pirate Planet (4 episodes)
The Stones of Blood (4 episodes)
The Androids of Tara (4 episodes)
The Power of Kroll (4 episodes)
The Armageddon Factor (6 episodes)

Novels[[edit] | [edit source]]

Target Books was unable to come to an agreement with Douglas Adams to novelise his script, The Pirate Planet. It was finally adapted by BBC Books in 2017.

Footnotes[[edit] | [edit source]]

External links[[edit] | [edit source]]