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{{Infobox ClassicTV|
{{title dab away}}
story name= Galaxy 4|
{{real world}}
image=[[Image:Galaxy 4.jpg|250px]] |
{{ImageLinkTV}}
series=[[Doctor Who]] -<br/>[[TV stories|TV Stories]] |
{{Infobox Story SMW
number= [[Season 3]] |
|image                 = OneAndTheDrahvins.jpg
story number= 18|
|season number          = Season 3 (Doctor Who 1963)|
doctor=[[First Doctor]] |
|season serial number   = 1
companions= [[Vicki]]<br/>[[Steven Taylor]]|
|story number           = 18
enemy= <ul><li>[[Maaga]]</li><li>[[Drahvin]]s |
|doctor                 = First Doctor
year= Unknown |
|companions             = [[Vicki Pallister|Vicki]], [[Steven Taylor|Steven]]
writer= [[William Emms]] |
|featuring              =
director= [[Derek Martinus]]<br/>[[Mervyn Pinfield]] (uncredited) |
|enemy                 = [[Maaga]]
producer= [[Verity Lambert]] |
|setting                = [[planet (Galaxy 4)|Unnamed planet]], circa [[4000]] AD
broadcast date= [[11th September]] - <br/>[[2nd October]] [[1965]] |
|writer                 = William Emms
format= 4 25-minute Episodes|
|director               = [[Derek Martinus]]
production code= [[List of production codes|T]]|
|producer               = [[Verity Lambert]]
previous story= [[The Time Meddler]]|
|novelisation          = Galaxy Four (novelisation)
next story= [[Mission to the Unknown]]|
|epcount                = 4
|broadcast date         = 11 September - 2 October 1965
|network                = BBC1
|format                 = 4x25-minute episodes
|serial production code = [[List of production codes|T]]
|series                = [[Doctor Who television stories|''Doctor Who'' television stories]]
|prev                  = The Time Meddler (TV story)
|next                   = Mission to the Unknown (TV story)
|script                = Galaxy 4 (script)
|bts                    = BFI screen long missing Doctor Who episodes
|trailer                = The Drahvins vs the Rills!
}}
}}
'''''Galaxy 4''''' was the first serial of [[Season 3 (Doctor Who 1963)|season 3]] of ''[[Doctor Who]]''.


'''Galaxy 4''' was the first story of [[Season 3]] of ''[[Doctor Who]]''. It is the earliest non-historical story to have missing episodes.
It was recorded after ''[[The Time Meddler (TV story)|The Time Meddler]]'' as part of the series' second recording block. Its third episode, "Air Lock", achieved the highest ratings of any episode between the final episode of ''[[The Web Planet (TV story)|The Web Planet]]'' and the final episode of ''[[The Three Doctors (TV story)|The Three Doctors]]''. Indeed, "Air Lock" is one of the few episodes from pre-[[BBC Wales]] ''[[Doctor Who]]'' to have ranked amongst the top fifteen shows of its initial broadcasting week.<ref>[http://guide.doctorwhonews.net/info.php?detail=ratings&type=chart&order=up ''Doctor Who'' Guide: Ratings Guide]</ref>


[[Image:Lc11-03.jpg|thumb|chumblie outside the tardis]]== Synopsis ==[[Image:Example.jpg]]
''Galaxy 4'' is the earliest non-historical story to have [[missing episode]]s. Until the recovery of "Air Lock" in 2011,<ref name="recovery">[https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-16136521 Missing ''Doctor Who'' episodes discovered - BBC News]</ref> it was notable for the extreme paucity of its surviving material. Because no [[telesnap]]s were taken during broadcast, photographic evidence for this story was effectively limited to publicity shots (with only one photograph of the [[Rill]]s) and a six-minute excerpt from "Four Hundred Dawns". "Air Lock" currently remains the only existing episode of the serial.
The Doctor, Vicki and Steven arrive on an arid planet where they meet the occupants of two crashed spaceships: the beautiful Drahvins and the hideous Rills. The latter prove to be friendly, compassionate explorers while the former are a group of mindless cloned soldiers terrorised by a warlike matriarch, Maaga.


Both ships were damaged when the Drahvins precipitated a confrontation in space, but whereas the Rills' is almost ready to take off again (having been repaired by their robot drones, which Vicki nicknames 'Chumblies'), the Drahvins' is irreparable. When the planet is discovered to be on the point of disintegration, Maaga tries to force the time travellers to help her steal the Rills' ship. Instead, the Doctor allows the Rills to draw power from the TARDIS in order to refuel and escape, leaving the Drahvins to their fate.
Actor [[Peter Purves]] has been outspoken in his distaste for the serial, which was originally written for [[Ian Chesterton|Ian]], [[Barbara Wright|Barbara]] and [[Vicki Pallister|Vicki]]. He has frequently opined that his character, [[companion]] [[Steven Taylor]], was not well-served because the hurried rewrite mostly transferred Barbara's lines to him, resulting in a "feminisation" of Steven's character.


[[Image:Lc11-16.jpg|thumb]]==Plot==
The story was released on [[DVD]], [[Blu-ray|Blu-Ray]] and ''Limited Edition'' [[Steelbook]] on [[15 November (releases)|15 November]] [[2021 (releases)|2021]], with all four episodes animated in both black-and-white and colour, including the surviving episode three.<ref>[https://www.doctorwho.tv/news/?article=galaxy-four-animation-boxset-announcement-first-doctor-william-hartnell Missing adventure ''Galaxy Four'' to be animated in 2021 | ''Doctor Who'']</ref> Furthermore, there was a special screening of the four animated episodes at the [[BFI Southbank]] on [[7 November (releases)|7 November]], followed by a Q&A attended by [[Peter Purves]].<ref>[https://whatson.bfi.org.uk/Online/default.asp?BOparam::WScontent::loadArticle::permalink=doctorwhogalaxyfour&BOparam::WScontent::loadArticle::context_id= Buy cinema tickets for ''Doctor Who: Galaxy 4'' (animated) | BFI Southbank]</ref>
[[First Doctor|The Doctor]], [[Vicki]], and [[Steven Taylor]] arrive on eerily silent [[planet]] and encounter curious small robots which Vicki names [[Chumbley|Chumblies.]] It is unclear whether the robots are hostile when one is disabled by a party of female cloned [[Drahvin]]s, from the planet [[Drahva]] in [[Galaxy Four]]. This planet too is in Galaxy Four but is not given a name. The Drahvins are dominated by their leader, [[Maaga]], who treats her other warriors with bullying contempt. The Drahvins are at war with the reptilian [[Rill]]s, the masters of the Chumblies, and both races have crashed [[spaceship]]s on this planet. However, the planet will end in 14 [[planetary cycle]]s and, with the Drahvin ship irreparable, Maaga and her warriors are keen to capture the Rill ship, which they believe has been made functional again. She paints a picture of the Drahvins as victims, but the Doctor has witnessed some of the Drahvin aggression and is clearly not convinced. He also reworks the probability on the planet’s destruction and calculates it will break up in just two days time. He tries to keep this new finding from the Drahvins, but Maaga reveals her true colours and forces the truth from him at the point of a gun.


With Steven held as hostage to ensure their co-operation, the Doctor and Vicki are sent by the Drahvins to try to seize control of the Rill ship. The Doctor works out that the Rills are a very advanced species: when he meets one he is impressed, not least by their [[telepathy]]. The ugly, horned, [[ammonia]]-breathing Rill explains that the Rills have offered to take the Drahvins away with them but Maaga has refused, preferring to maintain the state of war she caused when the Drahvins shot down the Rill craft. The Doctor tells the Rills of the true life remaining in the planet and promises to help them escape since the solar energy converters on the Rill craft have not gathered enough power to effect a lift-off.
== Synopsis ==
[[First Doctor|The Doctor]], [[Vicki Pallister|Vicki]] and [[Steven Taylor|Steven]] arrive on an arid [[planet]] where they meet the beautiful [[Drahvin]]s and the hideous [[Rill]]s. Each has crash-landed after a confrontation in space. The Rills are friendly, compassionate explorers. The Drahvins are dull-witted, cloned soldiers, terrorised by the intelligent, warlike matriarch [[Maaga]].


The Doctor and Vicki return to the Drahvin ship to find Steven unconscious after Maaga has tried to kill him by leaving him in a depressurised [[airlock]]. They all the return to the Rill vessel, where the Doctor successfully develops a power converter linked to the TARDIS, which charges the Rill craft. Maaga leads the Drahvins in a final assault on the Rill craft but the Chumblies defend their ship long enough for it to power up and leave the planet. One Chumblie left behind to aid the travellers helps them get back to the TARDIS. Once the ship leaves, the planet explodes and the Drahvins die.
Both ships are damaged. The Drahvins' craft is irreparable, whereas the Rills' is almost ready to take off; however, the Rills have been unable to find a compatible fuel source. Although unable to breathe the oxygen atmosphere, they employ efficient robot drones, which Vicki nicknames "[[Chumbley|Chumblies]]". Despite numerous offers by the Rills to take Maaga and her crew to safety, she refuses their aid. When the planet is discovered to be on the point of disintegration, Maaga tries to force the time travellers to help her steal the Rills' ship and kill the Rills. Instead, the Doctor allows the Rills to draw power from [[The Doctor's TARDIS|the TARDIS]] to refuel and escape, leaving the Drahvins to their fate.


== Cast & Characters ==
== Plot ==
* [[The Doctor]] - [[William Hartnell]]
=== Four Hundred Dawns (1) ===
The [[First Doctor]], [[Vicki Pallister]] and [[Steven Taylor]] arrive on an eerily silent [[planet]]. The Doctor evaluates the planet and discovers that it can sustain life, but it seems to have nothing living on it. This piques his curiosity, and he is keen to investigate this anomaly. Steven is more interested in finding somewhere to swim. Just before they exit the TARDIS the crew discover a small robot feeling its way around the ship before communicating with something else with a glowing antenna. Vicki christens the machines [[Chumbley|Chumblies]]. The Doctor deduces that they are blind.
 
Once the Chumbley has left the TARDIS the Doctor and his companions go out and explore the planet. It has three suns and vegetation but, as yet, no sign of animals. Before they can get far, the Chumbley returns. The Doctor determines that the Chumblies have keen hearing. The Chumbley indicates to the Doctor and his friends that it wants them to follow it. Steven is wary. He tries to attack it. In a show of force, the machine produces a gun from its shell and sets fire to a plant. The Doctor and his companions are led away.
 
They have not gotten far when a group of women lying in wait for the Chumbley throw a metal mesh on the machine and deactivate it. The women introduce themselves as [[Drahvin]]s, from the planet [[Drahva]] in [[Galaxy 4]]. They say that the robots are controlled by a race called the [[Rill]]s, who are not to be trusted. The Drahvins say that they will take the travellers back to their ship for safety and introduce them to their leader, [[Maaga]]. However, when they try to remove the mesh they find it is attached magnetically to the Chumbley. Before they can make their escape, three more Chumblies appear and force the travellers and the Drahvins to flee. The new Chumblies remove the metal mesh from the prone Chumbley, which reactivates itself, and they head off in pursuit of the Doctor.
 
[[File:Drahvin ship.jpg|thumb|The exterior of the Drahvin's ship.]]
The Doctor, his companions and the Drahvins make it to the Drahvin spaceship. Maaga listens to the Drahvins' report, and then reprimands them for the loss of the metal mesh; it was their only weapon against the Chumblies. After Maaga has dismissed the Drahvins, she addresses the Doctor and his companions. She explains that the Drahvins are a powerful race of women warriors who use men only for hunting. They were exploring in this part of the galaxy when their ship was shot down by the Rills though they managed to shoot the Rills down as well. They are desperate to get off the planet because the Rills have informed them that the planet will explode in fourteen days. Their plan is to capture the Rill ship and escape.
 
Steven is suspicious of the Drahvins. It seems to be they who are in the wrong rather than the Rills. His position is strengthened when Maaga reveals that the Rills have offered help, but the Drahvins have refused for fear of being killed.
 
This story is interrupted when Chumblies approach the ship. The Drahvins attack them, and the Chumblies deactivate briefly, but then go on their way. Playing on the suspicions that Steven has roused in the Drahvins, the Doctor says that he is a scientist. He will learn if the planet is to explode in a fortnight and see if the Rill have been misleading the Drahvins. The Drahvins agree to this, but demand one of the TARDIS crew stays with them. They insist that this is not a matter of hostages, but to have fewer unaccompanied people wandering the planet. Vicki volunteers to stay and the Doctor reluctantly assents.
 
When the Doctor and Steven arrive at the TARDIS, they find a Chumbley trying to break the TARDIS's force barrier. Steven and the Doctor hide until the Chumbley leaves. Back at the Drahvin ship, Maaga humiliates the other Drahvins for losing the metal mesh, blaming them for ruining the whole mission.
 
After unsuccessfully trying to break into the TARDIS, the Chumbley gives up. The Doctor and Steven enter the TARDIS, where the Doctor consults his astral map and finds the planet doesn't have a fortnight until its destruction, as the Drahvins thought. It has only two days; tomorrow is the last day this planet shall see!
 
=== Trap of Steel (2) ===
[[File:Chumbley.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Chumbley]] communicates with its [[Rill|masters]].]]
The Doctor and Steven decide they must leave immediately, save Vicki and warn the Drahvins. However, the Chumblies return, this time with heavy explosives. It does no damage to the TARDIS. After they leave, the Doctor and Steven race back to the Drahvin ship. In the Drahvin ship, Vicki is fed up with the food and is worried about her friends. However, Maaga refuses to let her leave.
 
When Steven and the Doctor get back to the Drahvin ship, Steven points out it is made of a metal that the Chumblies' ray can penetrate. The Doctor ponders why the Chumblies have not destroyed their "enemies". Inside the ship, the Doctor hides the truth from the Drahvin and again tries to convince them to befriend the Rills and work together. Maaga rejects this again. She grows suspicious of the Doctor and pulls a gun on him. Under this threat the Doctor admits they have only two days. He offers to bargain with the Rill for a peace treaty. The Drahvin agree but retain Vicki as an insurance policy. Steven offers himself as a hostage. Vicki and the Doctor leave for the Rill ship.
 
Steven tries to create disharmony between Maaga and her minions. Maaga overhears this. She tries to convince Steven to pilot the TARDIS with the Drahvin. Steven refuses, saying that even if he wanted to, he doesn't know how. He is left alone and falls asleep.
 
Trapped by a Chumbley patrol, the Doctor and Vicki are forced to "observe, note, collate and then conclude" their routine. Vicki decides to test a theory by throwing a stone behind the machine. The Doctor is annoyed but she states that she thinks the Chumblies can detect only what is in front of them. They conclude that they can follow one back to the Rill ship rather than wander aimlessly.
 
Back at the Drahvin ship, Maaga orders her soldiers to break into the Rill spaceship and wipe them out for their ship.
 
By this time the Doctor and Vicki are at the Rill compound. It has a drilling rig and an air purifier. The Doctor is impressed with the Rills' handiwork. The Doctor and Vicki explore the compound cautiously. Vicki remarks that she can smell [[ammonia]]. The closer they get to the compound's centre, the stronger the smell. They arrive in what appears to be a repair shop for Chumblies. As they look around, a large, scaly creature appears at the window. Vicki screams.
 
=== Air Lock (3) ===
The Doctor and Vicki try to escape the Rill centre, but they are pursued by two Chumblies. An iron gate then falls; separating the Doctor and Vicki and leaving the latter trapped in the Rill centre. The Doctor decides the best way of disarming the Chumblies is by tinkering with the apparatus that converts the air into ammonia. He assumes the Chumblies need the ammonia. Whilst he wrecks the gas converter, the Chumblies catch up with them and indicate they want Vicki to come with them. The Doctor relents, saying it will give him time to vandalise the converter.
 
Back at the Drahvin spaceship Maaga shares her frustration with the other Drahvin warriors. She says they are useless at strategy and all they are worried about is killing. If the Doctor and Vicki succeed, she will steal the Rill ship and leave the Rills and the humans on the planet to die. She orders the Drahvins to patrol the perimeter, leaving one to guard the sleeping Steven. She does not know Steven was awake the whole time and has been listening to her.
 
At the Rill centre, the Chumbley prods Vicki to the window where the creature appears. A voice comes from the Chumbley, telling her that the Rills control the Chumblies. At first, they are hostile to Vicki. However, they learn the Drahvins have been lying to her and tell her the real story.
 
The two spaceships met above the planet in a standoff that lasted four days. Finally, the Rills tried to leave but the Drahvin ship fired on them. The Rill ship returned fire and both ships crashed.
 
[[File:Steven disbales Drahvin.jpg|thumb|Steven knocks a Drahvin out.]]
The Rills tried to speak with the Drahvins. They found an injured Drahvin, whom they tried to help, but Maaga found them and chased them off with a gun; she then killed the wounded Drahvin warrior and blamed the Rills. Vicki realises the Rills are not the enemy. If they cannot bear the planet's atmosphere, the Doctor's tinkering will kill them. She runs to stop him from destroying the gas converter.
 
At the Drahvin ship, Steven slowly raises himself silently from his bed. He sneaks up to the guard and renders her unconscious. He takes her gun and tries to leave the ship. However, as he goes Maaga comes up behind him. He finds himself facing a Chumbley. He tries to turn back but the Drahvins are pointing their guns at him. He is trapped in the [[airlock]] between the ship and the outside. Maaga gives him an ultimatum. He can surrender his gun and return to the ship, face the Chumbley or suffocate as she drains the air from the airlock. Steven is left to think as the air leaves the room.
 
Vicki gets to the Doctor before he can break the system. Vicki explains the situation to him and they both go to the Rills. The Doctor tells them their escape is at risk. The planet will explode before they expect.
 
Although the Rill ship is fixed they don't have enough fuel. The Doctor says he can help them with metal cord cable and a sort of jump lead that he has in his TARDIS. The Rills are happy to hear this, but the Chumbley outside the Drahvin spaceship tells them Steven is in danger. The Doctor and Vicki rush to his aid with two Chumblies. They are stopped by a Drahvin warrior who thinks that the Doctor has betrayed them. Vicki tries to convince the warrior that the Chumblies are under their control. The warrior tries to shoot the Chumbley, but Vicki disarms her. The Drahvin begs to be killed for her failure. The Doctor says no one will be dying on this planet any time soon.
 
At the spaceship, Steven decides he would rather face the Chumbley than return to the Drahvins. He tries the door but it cannot be opened. Steven struggles for breath.
 
=== The Exploding Planet (4) ===
There is no time to spare. A Chumbley shoots an ammonia bomb into the Drahvin spaceship and fires its weapon at the airlock, freeing Steven. The Drahvins flee and are met by a horde of Chumblies. The Rill tells them for all these years, they have been pacifist in their dealings with the Drahvin. Now that they have threatened to kill Steven, they will be killed in return. The Rill orders the Drahvins back into their ship. If they are seen on the planet's surface again they will be killed.
 
Inside the ship, Maaga blames the Drahvin who was on patrol for their predicament. She will pay the ultimate price when they have more time. Maaga lays out her plan to destroy the Rill ship.
 
[[File:Doctor holding power cable in Rill ship.jpg|left|thumb|The Doctor with a power cable to help the Rills.]]
In the Rill ship, the Doctor puts the finishing touches to his plan to give a jump start to the ship's engine with his TARDIS. He leaves Steven to recover in the Rill centre whilst he and Vicki return to the TARDIS to link it to the Rill ship's engine. Alone with the Rill, Steven expresses his doubts about the benevolence of the Rills. He suspects that if the Doctor cannot fix their ship the Rills will not let them go. The Rills say they would let the Doctor go. They have no knowledge of conflict and would rather have a life saved than kill someone for no reason. Steven apologises for his scepticism. On the other side of the planet, one of the Drahvins sneaks up behind the Chumbley guard and destroys it.
 
The Rill is told the Doctor has hooked up his TARDIS. Steven is nervous. He is sure the ship will not be powered up in time. The Doctor and the Rill assure him they can complete the process before the planet explodes. A Drahvin burst into the Rill centre. Before she can do any damage, a Chumbley paralyses her.
 
In the aftermath, Steven and Vicki look for the Doctor. They find him in the section of the Rill centre with the Rill, where they were not allowed before. The Doctor invites them in, and the Rill gives them permission to enter. At first, shocked at their ugliness, the humans come to an understanding with the Rill. They bid each other farewell.
 
Meanwhile, the Drahvins wait outside the Rill camp. They fight off an army of Chumblies to get close to the Rill ship. They find that their weapons are useless and decide to rush the ship.
 
With the ship ready for flight, the Rill sends a Chumbley to escort the Doctor and his companions to the TARDIS. The TARDIS travellers watch as the Rill ship flies off. Nearby, the Drahvins despair as their chance of salvation disappears into orbit. Maaga catches sight of the Doctor and his companions. The Drahvins pursue them to hijack the TARDIS, but it dematerialises before the Drahvins reach their door. Seconds later the planet explodes, destroying the Drahvin soldiers and Maaga.
 
Back on their travels, the Doctor and his companions lament that they have had precious little time for peace and quiet recently. Vicki looks at a planet below and wonders what might be going on there.
 
On that planet, unbeknownst to the travellers, an astronaut named Garvey has awakened in a dense jungle, remembering only that he "must kill"...
 
== Cast ==
* [[First Doctor|Dr. Who]] - [[William Hartnell]]
* [[Steven Taylor]] - [[Peter Purves]]
* [[Steven Taylor]] - [[Peter Purves]]
* [[Vicki]] - [[Maureen O'Brien]]
* [[Vicki Pallister|Vicki]] - [[Maureen O'Brien]]
* [[Maaga]] - [[Stephanie Bidmead]]
* [[Maaga]] - [[Stephanie Bidmead]]
* [[Drahvin One]] - [[Marina Martin]]
* [[Drahvin One]] - [[Marina Martin]]
* [[Drahvin Two]] - [[Susanna Carol]]
* [[Drahvin Two]] - [[Susanna Carroll]]
* [[Drahvin Three]] - [[Lyn Ashley]]
* [[Drahvin Three]] - [[Lyn Ashley]]
* [[Chumblie]]s - [[Jimmy Kaye]]
* [[Chumbley|Chumblies]] - [[Jimmy Kaye]]
* [[Chumblie]]s - [[William Shearer]]
* [[Chumbley|Chumblies]] - [[William Shearer]]
* [[Chumblie]]s - [[Angelo Muscat]]
* [[Chumbley|Chumblies]] - [[Angelo Muscat]]
* [[Chumblie]]s - [[Pepe Poupee]]
* [[Chumbley|Chumblies]] - [[Pepe Poupee]]
* [[Rill|Rill Voice]] - [[Robert Cartland]]
* [[Rill|Rill Voice]] - [[Robert Cartland]]
* [[Chumblie]]s - [[Tommy Reynolds]]
* [[Chumbley|Chumblies]] - [[Tommy Reynolds]]
* [[Garvey]] - [[Barry Jackson]]
* [[Jeff Garvey|Garvey]] - [[Barry Jackson (actor)|Barry Jackson]]
* [[Rill]]s - [[David Brewster]], [[Peter Holmes]], [[Brian Madge]], [[Bill McAllister]] (all uncredited)
 
=== Uncredited roles ===
* [[Rill]]s - [[Peter Holmes]], [[David Brewster]], [[Bill Lodge]], [[Brian Madge]] ([[DWM 299]])
* [[Drahvin Four]] - [[Lyn Ashley]] ([[DWM 299]])


== Crew ==
== Crew ==
* [[Writer]] - [[William Emms]]
* [[Writer]] - [[William Emms]]
* [[Director]] - [[Derek Martinus]]
* [[Director (crew)|Director]] - [[Derek Martinus]]
* [[Producer]] - [[Verity Lambert]]
* [[Producer]] - [[Verity Lambert]]
* [[Script Editor]] - [[Donald Tosh]]
* [[Script Editor]] - [[Donald Tosh]]
* [[Designer]] - [[Richard Hunt]]
* [[Designer (crew)|Designer]] - [[Richard Hunt]]
* [[Assistant Floor Manager]] - [[Marjorie Yorke]]
* [[Assistant Floor Manager]] - [[Marjorie Yorke]]
* [[Assistant Floor Manager]] - [[Sue Willis]]
* [[Assistant Floor Manager]] - [[Sue Willis]]
Line 66: Line 152:
* [[Studio Sound]] - [[George Prince]]
* [[Studio Sound]] - [[George Prince]]
* [[Theme Arrangement]] - [[Delia Derbyshire]]
* [[Theme Arrangement]] - [[Delia Derbyshire]]
* [[Title Music]] - [[Ron Grainer]]
* [[Doctor Who theme|Title Music]] - [[Ron Grainer]]
 
=== Uncredited crew ===
* [[Vision Mixer]] - [[Clive Doig]]<ref>[[DOC]]: ''[[Vision On]]''</ref>
 
=== Animation Team ===
* Animation by [[Digitoonz Media & Entertainment PVT Ltd]]
* Studio Head - [[Prashant Kumar]]
* Animation Director - [[Ayan Banerjee]]
* Animation Supervisor - [[Souvik Nandi]]
* Design Supervisor - [[Sandip Dutta]]
* Animatic Supervision - [[Biman Mohanta]]
* Background Supervisors
** [[Prasanta Bose]]
** [[Satendre Singh]]
* Project Coordinators
** [[Neetu Choudhary]]
** [[Khushboo Kumar]]
** [[Madhumita Bera]]
* Project Manager - [[Isha Sharma]]
* Production Coordinator (Rig & Background) - [[Manish Tripathi]]
* Rig Supervisors
** [[Goopal Nath]]
** [[Bidhu Bhushan]]
* Pre-Composition
** [[Shashikant Kumar]]
** [[Raghav Khurana]]
* Head of Production - [[Mantosh Kumar]]
* CEO/Founder - [[Vikas Kumar]]
* Post-Production Editing, Compositing & Grading by [[Thaumaturgy]]
* Head of Studio - [[David Devjak]]
* Technical Director - [[Conor Hodder]]
* Post-Production Coordination - [[Adam Boys]]
* Compositors
** [[Chris Downey]]
** [[Hannah Lyn Walker]]
** [[Michael Puglisi]]
* Sound Restoration & Mastering - [[Mark Ayres]]
* With thanks to [[David Holman]] & [[Allen Wilson]]
* Opening Titles & 3D Tardis Exteriors - [[Rob Ritchie]]
* 3D Tardis Interiors - [[Daniel Pham]]
* Additional 3D Modelling - [[Matt Umney]]
* Concept Designer - [[Ioan Morris]]
* Script Supervisor - [[Mark B. Oliver]]
* Associate Producer - [[Damian Shanahan]]
* QAR - The Ark
* Business & Legal Affairs - [[Linda Duncan]]
* Production Finance - [[Aisha Bhatti]]
* Consumer Products - [[Fiona Ball]]
* Produced & Directed by [[Chloe Grech]]
* Executive Producers for [[Big Finish Creative]]
** [[Jason Haigh-Ellery]]
** [[Mark B. Oliver]]
** [[Gary Russell]]
* Executive Producer for [[BBC Studios]] - [[Russell Minton]]
 
== Worldbuilding ==
* The Doctor mentions [[Guy Fawkes]].
* The Doctor mentions [[evening]]s.
 
== Story notes ==
[[File:Galaxy 4.jpg|thumb|A publicity still showing Drahvins and Chumblies fighting side by side]]
* The working title for this story was ''The Chumblies''. ([[REF]]: ''[[Doctor Who The Handbook: The First Doctor|The First Doctor Handbook]]'')
* Only the third episode of this four-part story, "Air Lock", exists in the [[BBC Archives]] as a [[telerecording|16mm black & white film telerecording]]. However, this is an incomplete print; due to a break in the film, it is missing both the last twenty-seven seconds of action and the closing credits.
* The continuity from this story runs through until ''[[The Daleks' Master Plan (TV story)|The Daleks' Master Plan]]''. At the end of "The Exploding Planet", Vicki complains of a sprained ankle. As she contemplates the planet [[Kembel]] on the scanner, there is a short scene with Garvey as he begins his transformation into a [[Varga plant]]. Garvey as a Varga later threatens Cory and Lowery in ''[[Mission to the Unknown (TV story)|Mission to the Unknown]]''. When we next see the TARDIS at the beginning of ''[[The Myth Makers (TV story)|The Myth Makers]]'', Vicki's ankle is still hurting. Finally, after taking off at the conclusion of ''The Myth Makers,'' the Doctor discovers Cory's tape on Kembel during the first episode of ''The Daleks' Master Plan''. ''Mission to the Unknown'' therefore presents an unusual example of the story-to-story narrative flow that was common-place in the Hartnell era.
* [[Mervyn Pinfield]] was originally hired to direct, as this was highly technical and complex serial to produce. Unfortunately, as work progressed, Pinfield was taken ill and was unable to continue. [[Derek Martinus]] replaced him. This was subsequently Pinfield's last contribution to the programme. He passed away on [[20 May (people)|20 May]] [[1966 (people)|1966]].
* Maaga was originally named Gar, but was renamed when the Drahvins were changed to female characters.
* This story has the distinction of being the only non-Dalek story to use the "heartbeat" background effect (heard in Rill centre scenes) used in Dalek stories of this period and therefore associated with them.
* This is [[Derek Martinus]]'s only ''Doctor Who'' story not to feature any of the Doctor's iconic enemies. All of his remaining stories featured either [[Dalek]]s, [[Cyberman|Cybermen]], [[Ice Warrior]]s or [[Auton]]s.
* The stars greatly disliked the scripts for this serial. [[Peter Purves]] was upset that [[Dennis Spooner]] was leaving shortly after he arrived and [[Maureen O'Brien]] was unhappy with her dialogue and asked many times for her lines to be amended. [[William Hartnell]] was also unhappy with the script and things got so heated that [[John Wiles]] threatened to fire Hartnell if he didn't follow the script. O'Brien's complaints led to Wiles not renewing her contract beyond its expiry during ''[[The Myth Makers (TV story)|The Myth Makers]]'', and therefore she departed from the show.<ref>[http://www.shannonsullivan.com/drwho/serials/u.html ''The Myth Makers'' | A Brief History Of Time (Travel)]</ref>
* All four episodes of this story were thought lost, with only very limited material held in the BBC archive. "Air Lock" was recovered in July 2011,<ref>[https://missingepisodes.proboards.com/thread/6639?page=2 Two ''Doctor Who'' Prints Returned! (''Galaxy 4'' etc...) | www.missing-episodes.com]</ref> and its return was announced on 11 December 2011.<ref name="recovery" />
* [[Robert Cartland]] replaced [[Anthony Paul]] as the Rill Voice.
* Six minutes of footage exists from "Four Hundred Dawns". The surviving clips come from a number of sources, including a ''Lively Arts'' documentary ''[[Whose Doctor Who]]''.
* [[Ian Levine]] claimed that the [[Doctor Who Appreciation Society]] obtained legal permission to screen this serial at a convention privately in 1978, only to find that the BBC had junked the episodes about three weeks earlier.<ref>The Mark of Destruction: The truth behind the missing episodes of Doctor Who (part one) - Ian Levine, DWB 103 (July 1992), pages 12–15</ref> Later research showed this to be mistaken. The DWAS never had any agreement to show the serial and BBC Enterprises appear to have junked at least one of the episodes by the end of 1976.<ref>Withdrawn, De-accessioned and Junked - Richard Bignell, Nothing at the End of the Lane 2 (June 2005), pages 44–49</ref>
[[File:rill.jpg|thumb|right|One of two known publicity stills featuring a [[Rill]].<ref>[https://tragicalhistorytour.com/d01/1t/d01-1t-031.jpg Tragical History Tour]</ref>]]
* The soundtrack for the serial is intact and has been released commercially by BBC Audio, with linking narration provided by [[Peter Purves]].
* The BBC partly own the rights to the Drahvins as they were jointly credited to [[William Emms]] and [[Verity Lambert]]. Emms created the (originally male) Drahvins, whilst Lambert made them female.
* The stock music used for the soundtrack was performed by an experimental group called Les Structures Sonorés. They performed their music on glass tubes. Some of the same music was used in ''[[The Web Planet (TV story)|The Web Planet]]''.
* [[William Emms]] had been a fan of the show since the start and submitted the idea in early 1965.
* [[Derek Martinus]] had never seen the series before and was shown some old episodes. He was disappointed and wanted to aim for higher standards.
* [[Stephanie Bidmead]] took Maaga’s prop pistol as a keepsake for her son to play with.<ref>[[Doctor Who Chronicles - 1965]]</ref>
* This marks the twelfth incomplete ''Doctor Who'' serial to be animated for [[DVD]] release (excluding ''[[Shada (TV story)|Shada]]'') but only the third of the Hartnell era. The other two being ''[[The Reign of Terror (TV story)|The Reign of Terror]]'' and ''[[The Tenth Planet (TV story)|The Tenth Planet]],'' which were both released in [[2013 (releases)|2013]].
* The animated release of this serial makes [[Derek Martinus]] the first ''Doctor Who'' director to have all his lost episodes reconstructed in animated format (excluding directors who only have one serial that's missing episodes).
* Chumblie is a combination of the words chum and friendly.
* The Drahvins were originally named Dravins.
* [[John Wiles]] inquired with the BBC Copyright Department about the ownership of rights to the Drahvins, with the possible intention of making a sequel to this serial.
* The four Rill costumes were constructed using fibreglass and rubber, and were actually grey-ish green in colour. The costumes were big enough to house an actor who was able to operate the Rill's tiny arms.
* In total, four Chumbley costumes were constructed from a fibreglass shell, which was then attached to castors, which allowed the actors inside to move around the studio floor easily. One special dummy Chumbley was used in certain shots whenever one of them was attacked or deactivated.
* Since this was [[Derek Martinus]]'s first time directing for the series, [[William Hartnell]] sized him up immediately. Martinus later recalled that Hartnell liked to be an imposing figure, since he had a great record in the world of film and liked to give new directors a hard time.
* The final shot in "The Exploding Planet" was achieved simply by playing the footage in reverse.
* The serial was originally meant to conclude [[Season 2 (Doctor Who 1963)|Season 2]], as it went into production after ''[[The Time Meddler (TV story)|The Time Meddler]].'' However, the decision was made to delay the broadcast and have it open Season 3.
 
=== Changes in the animated version ===
* Vicki's outfit is plain rather than patterned (''this is because the patterns shift whenever Vicki moves and that would have been too complex to animate'')''.''
* With the exception of Maaga, all the Drahvins are identical.
* The Chumblies' arms are retractable and more flexible.
* The interior of the Rills' ship is a lot bigger.
* The space battle between the Drahvins and the Rills is shown.
* Maaga kills Drahvin Four using her pistol.
* The Chumblies use their arms to communicate with the Rills rather than their aerials.
* The Rills' viewing window is smaller and is built into a triangular shaped structure.
* The Chumblies in the "repair shop" are each in their own little "port".
* In "Air Lock", the Rill does not appear in the viewing window, instead remaining hidden behind a cloud of smoke.
 
=== Ratings ===
* "Four Hundred Dawns" - 9.0 million viewers
* "Trap of Steel" - 9.5 million viewers
* "Air Lock" - 11.3 million viewers
* "The Exploding Planet" - 9.9 million viewers
 
=== Myths ===
* According to some sources, the Drahvins' costumes were green in colour, despite being depicted as blue in the animation.<ref>[[TCH 6]]</ref> ''(It is Peter Purves's recollection that they were indeed blue.)''<ref>[https://twitter.com/purves_peter/status/1448571484755070979?s=21 @purves_peter on Twitter]</ref>
* A late change to the casting of the voice actor meant that [[Anthony Paul]] was credited in ''[[Radio Times]]'' as providing the Rill Voice for "Air Lock". ''([[Robert Cartland]] was correctly named in Radio Times.)''
* [[William Emms]] was a school teacher who wrote in his spare time. ''(Although he had been a school teacher, he had been working as a full-time writer for four years before writing for ''Doctor Who''.)''
 
=== Filming locations ===
All episodes were filmed at [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Centre TC4]], [[London]], [[UK]]


==References==
=== Production errors ===
''to be added''
{{discontinuity}}


==Story Notes==
===== Original Production =====
* The working title for this story was '''The Chumblies'''.
* In "Four Hundred Dawns", just after Maaga first mentions the Rills, the camera shakes slightly.
* All 4 episodes of this story have been lost, with only very limited material being held in the BBC archive.
* When the Doctor is tampering with the air converter, a Chumbley approaches Vicki on her right-hand side and sits motionless for a few moments.
* 6 minutes worth of footage exists from "Four Hundred Dawns".
* When the Chumblies return Vicki to the Rill command centre, an inert Chumbley can be seen next to her. But when the camera switches angles, the Chumbley is suddenly active.
* This story was nearly saved by negotiations for the story to be screened at a convention
* In "Air Lock", the Rill centre electronic effect is heard throughout the scene where Steven attempts to escape from the Drahvin ship.
* The surviving clips come from a number of sources including a "Lively Arts" documentary "Whose Doctor Who"
* When the Doctor and Vicki are walking through the Rill command centre, the shadow of a camera is briefly visible on a column.
* The soundtrack for the serial is intact and has been released commercially, with linking narration provided by Peter Purves
* William Hartnell flubs a line in "Air Lock", when he begins to say "I wust..." before correcting himself to "I must have that conversion".
* The BBC partly own the rights to the Drahvins as they were jointly credited to William Emms and Verity Lambert.  
* In "Air Lock", the Rill twice refers to the Chumblies as "Crumblies."


===Ratings===
===== Animated Version =====
* Four Hundred Dawns - 9.0 million viewers
* In "Four Hundred Dawns" when the Doctor and Steven are trying to get back into the TARDIS, two Chumblies are outside, one very close to the TARDIS and the other slightly to the right. But in the next, closer up, shot, the second Chumbley appears on the left.
* Trap of Steel - 9.5 million viewers
* Air Lock - 11.3 million viewers
* The Exploding Planet - 9.9 million viewers


===Myths===
== Continuity ==
* A late change to the casting of the voice actor meant that [[Anthony Paul]] was credited in the [[Radio Times]] as providing the voice of the Rills for episode 3 ''([[Robert Cartland]] was correctly named in the Radio Times)''
* The Doctor and Vicki refer to their trip to [[Xeros]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Space Museum (TV story)|The Space Museum]]'')
* William Emms was a school teacher who wrote in his spare time ''(Although he had been a school teacher he had been working as a full time writer for the 4 years before writing Doctor Who)''
* The Doctor consults the [[astral map]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Web Planet (TV story)|The Web Planet]]'')


===Filming Locations===
== Home video and audio releases ==
All episodes were filmed at [[BBC Television Centre TC4]], [[London]], [[UK]]
=== Video Release ===
* A six-minute clip appears in the documentary ''The Missing Years'', part of ''The Ice Warriors'' VHS box set.


===Discontinuity, Plot Holes, Errors===
=== DVD releases ===
''to be added''
* On Disc 1 of the ''[[Lost in Time (DVD box set)|Lost in Time]]'' DVD box set there is an 8mm off-air clip, while Disc 3 contains a six-minute clip in an updated version of the documentary ''The Missing Years.''
* The BBC have recovered the third episode, "Air Lock". This episode was remastered and released on DVD alongside the special edition of ''[[The Aztecs (TV story)|The Aztecs]]'' on [[11 March (releases)|11 March]] [[2013 (releases)|2013]].
* A reconstruction of this story has been made using the available images and audio by [[Loose Cannon Productions]].
* The animated version, with both a black-and-white and a colour version of the story, was released on DVD in the UK on [[15 November (releases)|15 November]] [[2021 (releases)|2021]]. Additionally a Blu-ray and Steelbook edition was released in the UK simultaneously with the respective DVD release. Separate DVD editions and Blu-ray editions were both scheduled to be released in Australia on [[12 January (releases)|12 January]] [[2022 (releases)|2022]].


==Continuity==
==== Special features ====
* Vicki refers to their trip to [[Xeros]] (''[[The Space Museum]]'')
* Commentary (Moderated by [[Toby Hadoke]]):
** Episode 1 - ''Four Hundred Dawns'' - Actors [[Maureen O'Brien]] ([[Vicki Pallister|Vicki]]) and [[Peter Purves]] ([[Steven Taylor|Steven]])
** Episode 1 - ''Four Hundred Dawns'' - Animation executive producer [[Gary Russell]]
** Episode 2 - ''Trap of Steel'' - Vision mixer [[Clive Doig]] and special sound designer [[Brian Hodgson]]
** Episode 3 - ''Air Lock'' (original version) - Actors Maureen O'Brien, Peter Purves and [[Lyn Ashley]] ([[Drahvin Three]])
** Episode 3 - ''Air Lock'' (animated reconstruction) - Assistant Floor Manager [[Sue Willis]]
** Episode 4 - ''The Exploding Planet'' - Actors Peter Purves, Maureen O'Brien and Lyn Ashley
** Episode 4 - ''The Exploding Planet'' - Animation [[producer]]/[[Director (crew)|director]] [[Chloe Grech]]
* Existing extract of the first episode, ''Four Hundred Dawns'', with optional commentary by Maureen O'Brien, Peter Purves and Lyn Ashley (moderated by Toby Hadoke)
* Production Subtitles - On-screen text commentary concerning the making of the original serial and comparing the adventure in its various forms
* Photographic Reconstructions - A reconstruction of the three missing episodes using images from various sources and soundtrack recordings, plus existing film material. This has optional narration by Peter Purves originally recorded for [[AudioGO|BBC Audiobooks]] and released in June 2000
* Photo Gallery - Images from the BBC Photo Library, [[Jan Vincent-Rudzki]] and [[Jessica Carney]] ([[William Hartnell]]'s granddaughter), accompanied by sound effects for the serial by Brian Hodgson
* ''[[The Trouble with Chumblies - Making Galaxy 4 (documentary)|The Trouble with Chumblies - Making Galaxy 4]]'' - Toby Hadoke visits actor Peter Purves (Steven) to discuss the serial with contributions from actors Maureen O'Brien (Vicki) and Lyn Ashley (Drahvin Three), vision mixer Clive Doig, special sounds designer Brian Hodgson and [[Mike Pinfield]], son of the serial's original designer [[Mervyn Pinfield]]. Other contributors include writer [[William Emms]] (recorded in 1986), designer [[Richard Hunt]] (recorded in 2003) and [[Derek Martinus]] (recorded in 2006)
* ''[[Finding Galaxy 4 (documentary)|Finding Galaxy 4]]'' - The recovery of the serial's existing material discussed by film collector [[Terry Burnett]], president of the National Motor Museum [[Ralph Montagu]] and former president of the [[Doctor Who Appreciation Society]] Jan Vincent-Rudzki
* Teaser trailer
* Scripts - A full set of camera scripts for {{'}}''Galaxy 4''{{'}} in PDF format accessible via a computer DVD or Blu-Ray ROM drive
* ''[[Radio Times]]'' Cuttings - Publicity material and billings for the serial from the BBC listings magazine {{'}}''Radio Times''{{'}} in PDF format accessible via a computer DVD or Blu-Ray ROM drive


==Timeline==
<gallery position="center" captionalign="center" hideaddbutton="true">
*This story takes place after [[The Empire of Glass]]
Galaxy 4 dvd.jpg|Region 2 DVD cover
*This story takes place before [[Planet of the Bunnoids]] (with the [[TARDIS]] crew) or [[Mission to the Unknown]] (with out the TARDIS crew)
Galaxy4Region4.jpg|Region 4 DVD cover
Galaxy 4 2021 Blu-ray UK.jpg|Region 2 Blu-ray cover
Galaxy 4 2021 Steelbook Blu-ray UK.jpg|Region 2 Steelbook cover
</gallery>


==DVD, Video and Other Releases==
=== Audio releases ===
* '''Video Release''' - This story has not been released on video due to the limited material which remains available
* This story's soundtrack was released on CD by BBC Audio, with linking narration by [[Peter Purves]], in 2000.
: A reconstruction of this story has been made using the available images and audio by [[Loose Cannon Productions]].  
* The story was re-released in 2010 as part of the box set ''[[The Lost TV Episodes - Collection One|Doctor Who: The Lost TV Episodes - Collection One]]''.
* The story was released on Vinyl by Demon Records, also with the Peter Purves narration, on [[13 April (releases)|13 April]] [[2019 (releases)|2019]] to coincide with Record Store Day.


==Novelisation==
<gallery position="center" captionalign="center" hideaddbutton="true">
[[Image:Galaxy Four novel.jpg|right|75px]]
Galaxy_4_CD_Soundtrack.jpg|CD release
: ''Main article: [[Galaxy Four (novelisation)]]''
Missing Eps coll1 cover.jpg|The Lost TV Episodes - Collection One
Galaxy_4_Vinyl.jpg|Vinyl Record release
</gallery>


*Novelised as ''[[Galaxy Four (novelisation)|Galaxy Four]]'' by [[William Emms]] in [[1986]].
== Script book ==
* In July 1994, Titan Books published the scripts for the serial as part of its [[Doctor Who: The Scripts]] line of books.


==See also==
== External links ==
*[[DW]]: ''[[The Savages]]''
* {{bbcepguideclassic|galaxyfour/|Galaxy 4}} (with video clips)
* {{radiotimes|doctor-who-guide/galaxy-4/|Galaxy 4}}
{{dwcast}}


==External Links==
{{dwrefguide|who_t.htm|Galaxy 4}}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/galaxyfour/  Official BBC Episode Guide for '''Galaxy 4''', with video clips]
* {{briefhistory|serials/t.html|Galaxy 4}}
* [http://www.drwhoguide.com/who_t.htm Doctor Who Reference Guide: Detailed Synopsis - '''Galaxy 4''' ]
* [https://www.eofftv.com/index.php?title=Doctor_Who:_Galaxy_4_(1965) '''''Galaxy 4''''' entry at Encyclopaedia of Fantastic Film and Television]
* [http://www.shannonsullivan.com/drwho/serials/t.html A Brief History of Time (Travel) entry for '''Galaxy 4''']
* [http://www.recons.com/recons/lc11.htm Loose Cannon Productions reconstruction of '''''Galaxy 4''''']
* [http://homepages.bw.edu/~jcurtis/Scripts/Galaxy/intro.html Transcript of '''Galaxy 4''']
* [http://www.gallifreyone.com/episode.php?id=t Outpost Gallifrey Episode Guide: '''Galaxy 4''']
* [http://www.eofftv.com/episodes/d/doctor_who/1st_doctor/galaxy_4_main.htm '''Galaxy 4''' entry at Encyclopaedia of Fantastic Film and Television]
* [http://www.recons.com/recons/lc11.htm Loose Canon Productions reconstruction of '''Galaxy 4''']
* [http://www.eofftv.com/episodes/d/doctor_who/1st_doctor/galaxy_4_main.htm EOFFTV - '''Galaxy 4''']


== Footnotes ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{DWTV}}


{{season 3}}
{{TitleSort}}
{{Wikipedia|Galaxy_4}}
[[he:גלקסי 4]]
[[ru:Галактика 4 (ТВ история)]]


[[Category:First Doctor episodes]]
[[Category:Animated missing episodes]]
[[Category:Stories with unknown or disputed dates]]
[[Category:Articles that were originally Wikipedia forks]]
[[Category:Doctor Who (1963) television stories]]
[[Category:First Doctor television stories]]
[[Category:1965 television stories]]
[[Category:1965 television stories]]
[[Category:Missing episodes]]
[[Category:Stories with missing episodes]]
[[Category:Season 3 stories]]
[[Category:Four part serials]]
[[Category:BFI-exhibited television stories]]
[[Category:Doctor Who animated television stories]]

Latest revision as of 20:00, 3 November 2024

RealWorld.png

Galaxy 4 was the first serial of season 3 of Doctor Who.

It was recorded after The Time Meddler as part of the series' second recording block. Its third episode, "Air Lock", achieved the highest ratings of any episode between the final episode of The Web Planet and the final episode of The Three Doctors. Indeed, "Air Lock" is one of the few episodes from pre-BBC Wales Doctor Who to have ranked amongst the top fifteen shows of its initial broadcasting week.[1]

Galaxy 4 is the earliest non-historical story to have missing episodes. Until the recovery of "Air Lock" in 2011,[2] it was notable for the extreme paucity of its surviving material. Because no telesnaps were taken during broadcast, photographic evidence for this story was effectively limited to publicity shots (with only one photograph of the Rills) and a six-minute excerpt from "Four Hundred Dawns". "Air Lock" currently remains the only existing episode of the serial.

Actor Peter Purves has been outspoken in his distaste for the serial, which was originally written for Ian, Barbara and Vicki. He has frequently opined that his character, companion Steven Taylor, was not well-served because the hurried rewrite mostly transferred Barbara's lines to him, resulting in a "feminisation" of Steven's character.

The story was released on DVD, Blu-Ray and Limited Edition Steelbook on 15 November 2021, with all four episodes animated in both black-and-white and colour, including the surviving episode three.[3] Furthermore, there was a special screening of the four animated episodes at the BFI Southbank on 7 November, followed by a Q&A attended by Peter Purves.[4]

Synopsis[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Doctor, Vicki and Steven arrive on an arid planet where they meet the beautiful Drahvins and the hideous Rills. Each has crash-landed after a confrontation in space. The Rills are friendly, compassionate explorers. The Drahvins are dull-witted, cloned soldiers, terrorised by the intelligent, warlike matriarch Maaga.

Both ships are damaged. The Drahvins' craft is irreparable, whereas the Rills' is almost ready to take off; however, the Rills have been unable to find a compatible fuel source. Although unable to breathe the oxygen atmosphere, they employ efficient robot drones, which Vicki nicknames "Chumblies". Despite numerous offers by the Rills to take Maaga and her crew to safety, she refuses their aid. When the planet is discovered to be on the point of disintegration, Maaga tries to force the time travellers to help her steal the Rills' ship and kill the Rills. Instead, the Doctor allows the Rills to draw power from the TARDIS to refuel and escape, leaving the Drahvins to their fate.

Plot[[edit] | [edit source]]

Four Hundred Dawns (1)[[edit] | [edit source]]

The First Doctor, Vicki Pallister and Steven Taylor arrive on an eerily silent planet. The Doctor evaluates the planet and discovers that it can sustain life, but it seems to have nothing living on it. This piques his curiosity, and he is keen to investigate this anomaly. Steven is more interested in finding somewhere to swim. Just before they exit the TARDIS the crew discover a small robot feeling its way around the ship before communicating with something else with a glowing antenna. Vicki christens the machines Chumblies. The Doctor deduces that they are blind.

Once the Chumbley has left the TARDIS the Doctor and his companions go out and explore the planet. It has three suns and vegetation but, as yet, no sign of animals. Before they can get far, the Chumbley returns. The Doctor determines that the Chumblies have keen hearing. The Chumbley indicates to the Doctor and his friends that it wants them to follow it. Steven is wary. He tries to attack it. In a show of force, the machine produces a gun from its shell and sets fire to a plant. The Doctor and his companions are led away.

They have not gotten far when a group of women lying in wait for the Chumbley throw a metal mesh on the machine and deactivate it. The women introduce themselves as Drahvins, from the planet Drahva in Galaxy 4. They say that the robots are controlled by a race called the Rills, who are not to be trusted. The Drahvins say that they will take the travellers back to their ship for safety and introduce them to their leader, Maaga. However, when they try to remove the mesh they find it is attached magnetically to the Chumbley. Before they can make their escape, three more Chumblies appear and force the travellers and the Drahvins to flee. The new Chumblies remove the metal mesh from the prone Chumbley, which reactivates itself, and they head off in pursuit of the Doctor.

The exterior of the Drahvin's ship.

The Doctor, his companions and the Drahvins make it to the Drahvin spaceship. Maaga listens to the Drahvins' report, and then reprimands them for the loss of the metal mesh; it was their only weapon against the Chumblies. After Maaga has dismissed the Drahvins, she addresses the Doctor and his companions. She explains that the Drahvins are a powerful race of women warriors who use men only for hunting. They were exploring in this part of the galaxy when their ship was shot down by the Rills though they managed to shoot the Rills down as well. They are desperate to get off the planet because the Rills have informed them that the planet will explode in fourteen days. Their plan is to capture the Rill ship and escape.

Steven is suspicious of the Drahvins. It seems to be they who are in the wrong rather than the Rills. His position is strengthened when Maaga reveals that the Rills have offered help, but the Drahvins have refused for fear of being killed.

This story is interrupted when Chumblies approach the ship. The Drahvins attack them, and the Chumblies deactivate briefly, but then go on their way. Playing on the suspicions that Steven has roused in the Drahvins, the Doctor says that he is a scientist. He will learn if the planet is to explode in a fortnight and see if the Rill have been misleading the Drahvins. The Drahvins agree to this, but demand one of the TARDIS crew stays with them. They insist that this is not a matter of hostages, but to have fewer unaccompanied people wandering the planet. Vicki volunteers to stay and the Doctor reluctantly assents.

When the Doctor and Steven arrive at the TARDIS, they find a Chumbley trying to break the TARDIS's force barrier. Steven and the Doctor hide until the Chumbley leaves. Back at the Drahvin ship, Maaga humiliates the other Drahvins for losing the metal mesh, blaming them for ruining the whole mission.

After unsuccessfully trying to break into the TARDIS, the Chumbley gives up. The Doctor and Steven enter the TARDIS, where the Doctor consults his astral map and finds the planet doesn't have a fortnight until its destruction, as the Drahvins thought. It has only two days; tomorrow is the last day this planet shall see!

Trap of Steel (2)[[edit] | [edit source]]

A Chumbley communicates with its masters.

The Doctor and Steven decide they must leave immediately, save Vicki and warn the Drahvins. However, the Chumblies return, this time with heavy explosives. It does no damage to the TARDIS. After they leave, the Doctor and Steven race back to the Drahvin ship. In the Drahvin ship, Vicki is fed up with the food and is worried about her friends. However, Maaga refuses to let her leave.

When Steven and the Doctor get back to the Drahvin ship, Steven points out it is made of a metal that the Chumblies' ray can penetrate. The Doctor ponders why the Chumblies have not destroyed their "enemies". Inside the ship, the Doctor hides the truth from the Drahvin and again tries to convince them to befriend the Rills and work together. Maaga rejects this again. She grows suspicious of the Doctor and pulls a gun on him. Under this threat the Doctor admits they have only two days. He offers to bargain with the Rill for a peace treaty. The Drahvin agree but retain Vicki as an insurance policy. Steven offers himself as a hostage. Vicki and the Doctor leave for the Rill ship.

Steven tries to create disharmony between Maaga and her minions. Maaga overhears this. She tries to convince Steven to pilot the TARDIS with the Drahvin. Steven refuses, saying that even if he wanted to, he doesn't know how. He is left alone and falls asleep.

Trapped by a Chumbley patrol, the Doctor and Vicki are forced to "observe, note, collate and then conclude" their routine. Vicki decides to test a theory by throwing a stone behind the machine. The Doctor is annoyed but she states that she thinks the Chumblies can detect only what is in front of them. They conclude that they can follow one back to the Rill ship rather than wander aimlessly.

Back at the Drahvin ship, Maaga orders her soldiers to break into the Rill spaceship and wipe them out for their ship.

By this time the Doctor and Vicki are at the Rill compound. It has a drilling rig and an air purifier. The Doctor is impressed with the Rills' handiwork. The Doctor and Vicki explore the compound cautiously. Vicki remarks that she can smell ammonia. The closer they get to the compound's centre, the stronger the smell. They arrive in what appears to be a repair shop for Chumblies. As they look around, a large, scaly creature appears at the window. Vicki screams.

Air Lock (3)[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Doctor and Vicki try to escape the Rill centre, but they are pursued by two Chumblies. An iron gate then falls; separating the Doctor and Vicki and leaving the latter trapped in the Rill centre. The Doctor decides the best way of disarming the Chumblies is by tinkering with the apparatus that converts the air into ammonia. He assumes the Chumblies need the ammonia. Whilst he wrecks the gas converter, the Chumblies catch up with them and indicate they want Vicki to come with them. The Doctor relents, saying it will give him time to vandalise the converter.

Back at the Drahvin spaceship Maaga shares her frustration with the other Drahvin warriors. She says they are useless at strategy and all they are worried about is killing. If the Doctor and Vicki succeed, she will steal the Rill ship and leave the Rills and the humans on the planet to die. She orders the Drahvins to patrol the perimeter, leaving one to guard the sleeping Steven. She does not know Steven was awake the whole time and has been listening to her.

At the Rill centre, the Chumbley prods Vicki to the window where the creature appears. A voice comes from the Chumbley, telling her that the Rills control the Chumblies. At first, they are hostile to Vicki. However, they learn the Drahvins have been lying to her and tell her the real story.

The two spaceships met above the planet in a standoff that lasted four days. Finally, the Rills tried to leave but the Drahvin ship fired on them. The Rill ship returned fire and both ships crashed.

Steven knocks a Drahvin out.

The Rills tried to speak with the Drahvins. They found an injured Drahvin, whom they tried to help, but Maaga found them and chased them off with a gun; she then killed the wounded Drahvin warrior and blamed the Rills. Vicki realises the Rills are not the enemy. If they cannot bear the planet's atmosphere, the Doctor's tinkering will kill them. She runs to stop him from destroying the gas converter.

At the Drahvin ship, Steven slowly raises himself silently from his bed. He sneaks up to the guard and renders her unconscious. He takes her gun and tries to leave the ship. However, as he goes Maaga comes up behind him. He finds himself facing a Chumbley. He tries to turn back but the Drahvins are pointing their guns at him. He is trapped in the airlock between the ship and the outside. Maaga gives him an ultimatum. He can surrender his gun and return to the ship, face the Chumbley or suffocate as she drains the air from the airlock. Steven is left to think as the air leaves the room.

Vicki gets to the Doctor before he can break the system. Vicki explains the situation to him and they both go to the Rills. The Doctor tells them their escape is at risk. The planet will explode before they expect.

Although the Rill ship is fixed they don't have enough fuel. The Doctor says he can help them with metal cord cable and a sort of jump lead that he has in his TARDIS. The Rills are happy to hear this, but the Chumbley outside the Drahvin spaceship tells them Steven is in danger. The Doctor and Vicki rush to his aid with two Chumblies. They are stopped by a Drahvin warrior who thinks that the Doctor has betrayed them. Vicki tries to convince the warrior that the Chumblies are under their control. The warrior tries to shoot the Chumbley, but Vicki disarms her. The Drahvin begs to be killed for her failure. The Doctor says no one will be dying on this planet any time soon.

At the spaceship, Steven decides he would rather face the Chumbley than return to the Drahvins. He tries the door but it cannot be opened. Steven struggles for breath.

The Exploding Planet (4)[[edit] | [edit source]]

There is no time to spare. A Chumbley shoots an ammonia bomb into the Drahvin spaceship and fires its weapon at the airlock, freeing Steven. The Drahvins flee and are met by a horde of Chumblies. The Rill tells them for all these years, they have been pacifist in their dealings with the Drahvin. Now that they have threatened to kill Steven, they will be killed in return. The Rill orders the Drahvins back into their ship. If they are seen on the planet's surface again they will be killed.

Inside the ship, Maaga blames the Drahvin who was on patrol for their predicament. She will pay the ultimate price when they have more time. Maaga lays out her plan to destroy the Rill ship.

The Doctor with a power cable to help the Rills.

In the Rill ship, the Doctor puts the finishing touches to his plan to give a jump start to the ship's engine with his TARDIS. He leaves Steven to recover in the Rill centre whilst he and Vicki return to the TARDIS to link it to the Rill ship's engine. Alone with the Rill, Steven expresses his doubts about the benevolence of the Rills. He suspects that if the Doctor cannot fix their ship the Rills will not let them go. The Rills say they would let the Doctor go. They have no knowledge of conflict and would rather have a life saved than kill someone for no reason. Steven apologises for his scepticism. On the other side of the planet, one of the Drahvins sneaks up behind the Chumbley guard and destroys it.

The Rill is told the Doctor has hooked up his TARDIS. Steven is nervous. He is sure the ship will not be powered up in time. The Doctor and the Rill assure him they can complete the process before the planet explodes. A Drahvin burst into the Rill centre. Before she can do any damage, a Chumbley paralyses her.

In the aftermath, Steven and Vicki look for the Doctor. They find him in the section of the Rill centre with the Rill, where they were not allowed before. The Doctor invites them in, and the Rill gives them permission to enter. At first, shocked at their ugliness, the humans come to an understanding with the Rill. They bid each other farewell.

Meanwhile, the Drahvins wait outside the Rill camp. They fight off an army of Chumblies to get close to the Rill ship. They find that their weapons are useless and decide to rush the ship.

With the ship ready for flight, the Rill sends a Chumbley to escort the Doctor and his companions to the TARDIS. The TARDIS travellers watch as the Rill ship flies off. Nearby, the Drahvins despair as their chance of salvation disappears into orbit. Maaga catches sight of the Doctor and his companions. The Drahvins pursue them to hijack the TARDIS, but it dematerialises before the Drahvins reach their door. Seconds later the planet explodes, destroying the Drahvin soldiers and Maaga.

Back on their travels, the Doctor and his companions lament that they have had precious little time for peace and quiet recently. Vicki looks at a planet below and wonders what might be going on there.

On that planet, unbeknownst to the travellers, an astronaut named Garvey has awakened in a dense jungle, remembering only that he "must kill"...

Cast[[edit] | [edit source]]

Uncredited roles[[edit] | [edit source]]

Crew[[edit] | [edit source]]

Uncredited crew[[edit] | [edit source]]

Animation Team[[edit] | [edit source]]

Worldbuilding[[edit] | [edit source]]

Story notes[[edit] | [edit source]]

A publicity still showing Drahvins and Chumblies fighting side by side
  • The working title for this story was The Chumblies. (REF: The First Doctor Handbook)
  • Only the third episode of this four-part story, "Air Lock", exists in the BBC Archives as a 16mm black & white film telerecording. However, this is an incomplete print; due to a break in the film, it is missing both the last twenty-seven seconds of action and the closing credits.
  • The continuity from this story runs through until The Daleks' Master Plan. At the end of "The Exploding Planet", Vicki complains of a sprained ankle. As she contemplates the planet Kembel on the scanner, there is a short scene with Garvey as he begins his transformation into a Varga plant. Garvey as a Varga later threatens Cory and Lowery in Mission to the Unknown. When we next see the TARDIS at the beginning of The Myth Makers, Vicki's ankle is still hurting. Finally, after taking off at the conclusion of The Myth Makers, the Doctor discovers Cory's tape on Kembel during the first episode of The Daleks' Master Plan. Mission to the Unknown therefore presents an unusual example of the story-to-story narrative flow that was common-place in the Hartnell era.
  • Mervyn Pinfield was originally hired to direct, as this was highly technical and complex serial to produce. Unfortunately, as work progressed, Pinfield was taken ill and was unable to continue. Derek Martinus replaced him. This was subsequently Pinfield's last contribution to the programme. He passed away on 20 May 1966.
  • Maaga was originally named Gar, but was renamed when the Drahvins were changed to female characters.
  • This story has the distinction of being the only non-Dalek story to use the "heartbeat" background effect (heard in Rill centre scenes) used in Dalek stories of this period and therefore associated with them.
  • This is Derek Martinus's only Doctor Who story not to feature any of the Doctor's iconic enemies. All of his remaining stories featured either Daleks, Cybermen, Ice Warriors or Autons.
  • The stars greatly disliked the scripts for this serial. Peter Purves was upset that Dennis Spooner was leaving shortly after he arrived and Maureen O'Brien was unhappy with her dialogue and asked many times for her lines to be amended. William Hartnell was also unhappy with the script and things got so heated that John Wiles threatened to fire Hartnell if he didn't follow the script. O'Brien's complaints led to Wiles not renewing her contract beyond its expiry during The Myth Makers, and therefore she departed from the show.[6]
  • All four episodes of this story were thought lost, with only very limited material held in the BBC archive. "Air Lock" was recovered in July 2011,[7] and its return was announced on 11 December 2011.[2]
  • Robert Cartland replaced Anthony Paul as the Rill Voice.
  • Six minutes of footage exists from "Four Hundred Dawns". The surviving clips come from a number of sources, including a Lively Arts documentary Whose Doctor Who.
  • Ian Levine claimed that the Doctor Who Appreciation Society obtained legal permission to screen this serial at a convention privately in 1978, only to find that the BBC had junked the episodes about three weeks earlier.[8] Later research showed this to be mistaken. The DWAS never had any agreement to show the serial and BBC Enterprises appear to have junked at least one of the episodes by the end of 1976.[9]
One of two known publicity stills featuring a Rill.[10]
  • The soundtrack for the serial is intact and has been released commercially by BBC Audio, with linking narration provided by Peter Purves.
  • The BBC partly own the rights to the Drahvins as they were jointly credited to William Emms and Verity Lambert. Emms created the (originally male) Drahvins, whilst Lambert made them female.
  • The stock music used for the soundtrack was performed by an experimental group called Les Structures Sonorés. They performed their music on glass tubes. Some of the same music was used in The Web Planet.
  • William Emms had been a fan of the show since the start and submitted the idea in early 1965.
  • Derek Martinus had never seen the series before and was shown some old episodes. He was disappointed and wanted to aim for higher standards.
  • Stephanie Bidmead took Maaga’s prop pistol as a keepsake for her son to play with.[11]
  • This marks the twelfth incomplete Doctor Who serial to be animated for DVD release (excluding Shada) but only the third of the Hartnell era. The other two being The Reign of Terror and The Tenth Planet, which were both released in 2013.
  • The animated release of this serial makes Derek Martinus the first Doctor Who director to have all his lost episodes reconstructed in animated format (excluding directors who only have one serial that's missing episodes).
  • Chumblie is a combination of the words chum and friendly.
  • The Drahvins were originally named Dravins.
  • John Wiles inquired with the BBC Copyright Department about the ownership of rights to the Drahvins, with the possible intention of making a sequel to this serial.
  • The four Rill costumes were constructed using fibreglass and rubber, and were actually grey-ish green in colour. The costumes were big enough to house an actor who was able to operate the Rill's tiny arms.
  • In total, four Chumbley costumes were constructed from a fibreglass shell, which was then attached to castors, which allowed the actors inside to move around the studio floor easily. One special dummy Chumbley was used in certain shots whenever one of them was attacked or deactivated.
  • Since this was Derek Martinus's first time directing for the series, William Hartnell sized him up immediately. Martinus later recalled that Hartnell liked to be an imposing figure, since he had a great record in the world of film and liked to give new directors a hard time.
  • The final shot in "The Exploding Planet" was achieved simply by playing the footage in reverse.
  • The serial was originally meant to conclude Season 2, as it went into production after The Time Meddler. However, the decision was made to delay the broadcast and have it open Season 3.

Changes in the animated version[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • Vicki's outfit is plain rather than patterned (this is because the patterns shift whenever Vicki moves and that would have been too complex to animate).
  • With the exception of Maaga, all the Drahvins are identical.
  • The Chumblies' arms are retractable and more flexible.
  • The interior of the Rills' ship is a lot bigger.
  • The space battle between the Drahvins and the Rills is shown.
  • Maaga kills Drahvin Four using her pistol.
  • The Chumblies use their arms to communicate with the Rills rather than their aerials.
  • The Rills' viewing window is smaller and is built into a triangular shaped structure.
  • The Chumblies in the "repair shop" are each in their own little "port".
  • In "Air Lock", the Rill does not appear in the viewing window, instead remaining hidden behind a cloud of smoke.

Ratings[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • "Four Hundred Dawns" - 9.0 million viewers
  • "Trap of Steel" - 9.5 million viewers
  • "Air Lock" - 11.3 million viewers
  • "The Exploding Planet" - 9.9 million viewers

Myths[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • According to some sources, the Drahvins' costumes were green in colour, despite being depicted as blue in the animation.[12] (It is Peter Purves's recollection that they were indeed blue.)[13]
  • A late change to the casting of the voice actor meant that Anthony Paul was credited in Radio Times as providing the Rill Voice for "Air Lock". (Robert Cartland was correctly named in Radio Times.)
  • William Emms was a school teacher who wrote in his spare time. (Although he had been a school teacher, he had been working as a full-time writer for four years before writing for Doctor Who.)

Filming locations[[edit] | [edit source]]

All episodes were filmed at BBC Television Centre TC4, London, UK

Production errors[[edit] | [edit source]]

If you'd like to talk about narrative problems with this story — like plot holes and things that seem to contradict other stories — please go to this episode's discontinuity discussion.
Original Production[[edit] | [edit source]]
  • In "Four Hundred Dawns", just after Maaga first mentions the Rills, the camera shakes slightly.
  • When the Doctor is tampering with the air converter, a Chumbley approaches Vicki on her right-hand side and sits motionless for a few moments.
  • When the Chumblies return Vicki to the Rill command centre, an inert Chumbley can be seen next to her. But when the camera switches angles, the Chumbley is suddenly active.
  • In "Air Lock", the Rill centre electronic effect is heard throughout the scene where Steven attempts to escape from the Drahvin ship.
  • When the Doctor and Vicki are walking through the Rill command centre, the shadow of a camera is briefly visible on a column.
  • William Hartnell flubs a line in "Air Lock", when he begins to say "I wust..." before correcting himself to "I must have that conversion".
  • In "Air Lock", the Rill twice refers to the Chumblies as "Crumblies."
Animated Version[[edit] | [edit source]]
  • In "Four Hundred Dawns" when the Doctor and Steven are trying to get back into the TARDIS, two Chumblies are outside, one very close to the TARDIS and the other slightly to the right. But in the next, closer up, shot, the second Chumbley appears on the left.

Continuity[[edit] | [edit source]]

Home video and audio releases[[edit] | [edit source]]

Video Release[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • A six-minute clip appears in the documentary The Missing Years, part of The Ice Warriors VHS box set.

DVD releases[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • On Disc 1 of the Lost in Time DVD box set there is an 8mm off-air clip, while Disc 3 contains a six-minute clip in an updated version of the documentary The Missing Years.
  • The BBC have recovered the third episode, "Air Lock". This episode was remastered and released on DVD alongside the special edition of The Aztecs on 11 March 2013.
  • A reconstruction of this story has been made using the available images and audio by Loose Cannon Productions.
  • The animated version, with both a black-and-white and a colour version of the story, was released on DVD in the UK on 15 November 2021. Additionally a Blu-ray and Steelbook edition was released in the UK simultaneously with the respective DVD release. Separate DVD editions and Blu-ray editions were both scheduled to be released in Australia on 12 January 2022.

Special features[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • Commentary (Moderated by Toby Hadoke):
  • Existing extract of the first episode, Four Hundred Dawns, with optional commentary by Maureen O'Brien, Peter Purves and Lyn Ashley (moderated by Toby Hadoke)
  • Production Subtitles - On-screen text commentary concerning the making of the original serial and comparing the adventure in its various forms
  • Photographic Reconstructions - A reconstruction of the three missing episodes using images from various sources and soundtrack recordings, plus existing film material. This has optional narration by Peter Purves originally recorded for BBC Audiobooks and released in June 2000
  • Photo Gallery - Images from the BBC Photo Library, Jan Vincent-Rudzki and Jessica Carney (William Hartnell's granddaughter), accompanied by sound effects for the serial by Brian Hodgson
  • The Trouble with Chumblies - Making Galaxy 4 - Toby Hadoke visits actor Peter Purves (Steven) to discuss the serial with contributions from actors Maureen O'Brien (Vicki) and Lyn Ashley (Drahvin Three), vision mixer Clive Doig, special sounds designer Brian Hodgson and Mike Pinfield, son of the serial's original designer Mervyn Pinfield. Other contributors include writer William Emms (recorded in 1986), designer Richard Hunt (recorded in 2003) and Derek Martinus (recorded in 2006)
  • Finding Galaxy 4 - The recovery of the serial's existing material discussed by film collector Terry Burnett, president of the National Motor Museum Ralph Montagu and former president of the Doctor Who Appreciation Society Jan Vincent-Rudzki
  • Teaser trailer
  • Scripts - A full set of camera scripts for 'Galaxy 4' in PDF format accessible via a computer DVD or Blu-Ray ROM drive
  • Radio Times Cuttings - Publicity material and billings for the serial from the BBC listings magazine 'Radio Times' in PDF format accessible via a computer DVD or Blu-Ray ROM drive
  • Region 2 DVD cover

    Region 2 DVD cover

  • Region 4 DVD cover

    Region 4 DVD cover

  • Region 2 Blu-ray cover

    Region 2 Blu-ray cover

  • Region 2 Steelbook cover

    Region 2 Steelbook cover

Audio releases[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • CD release

    CD release

  • The Lost TV Episodes - Collection One

    The Lost TV Episodes - Collection One

  • Vinyl Record release

    Vinyl Record release

Script book[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • In July 1994, Titan Books published the scripts for the serial as part of its Doctor Who: The Scripts line of books.

External links[[edit] | [edit source]]

Footnotes[[edit] | [edit source]]

  1. ↑ Doctor Who Guide: Ratings Guide
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Missing Doctor Who episodes discovered - BBC News
  3. ↑ Missing adventure Galaxy Four to be animated in 2021 | Doctor Who
  4. ↑ Buy cinema tickets for Doctor Who: Galaxy 4 (animated) | BFI Southbank
  5. ↑ DOC: Vision On
  6. ↑ The Myth Makers | A Brief History Of Time (Travel)
  7. ↑ Two Doctor Who Prints Returned! (Galaxy 4 etc...) | www.missing-episodes.com
  8. ↑ The Mark of Destruction: The truth behind the missing episodes of Doctor Who (part one) - Ian Levine, DWB 103 (July 1992), pages 12–15
  9. ↑ Withdrawn, De-accessioned and Junked - Richard Bignell, Nothing at the End of the Lane 2 (June 2005), pages 44–49
  10. ↑ Tragical History Tour
  11. ↑ Doctor Who Chronicles - 1965
  12. ↑ TCH 6
  13. ↑ @purves_peter on Twitter
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