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{{Infobox ClassicTV|
{{title dab away}}
story name= The Ribos Operation |
{{real world}}
image=[[Image:Ribosoperation_title.jpg|250px]] |
{{ImageLinkTV}}
series=[[Doctor Who]] -<br/>[[TV stories|TV Stories]] |
{{Infobox Story SMW
number= [[Season 16]] |
|novelisation          = Doctor Who and the Ribos Operation (novelisation)
story number= 98|
|image                 = Pointing Doctor and Romana.jpg
doctor=[[Fourth Doctor]] |
|series                 = [[Doctor Who television stories|''Doctor Who'' television stories]]
companions= [[K-9]] Mark II (Introduction)<br/>[[Romana I]] (Introduction)|
|season number         = Season 16 (Doctor Who 1963)|
enemy= [[Graff Vynda-K]] |
|season serial number  = 1
year= [[Ribos]] |
|story number           = 98
writer= [[Robert Holmes]] |
|doctor                 = Fourth Doctor
director= [[George Spenton-Foster]] |
|companions             = [[K9 Mark II]], [[Romana I]]
producer= [[Graham Williams]] |
|featuring              = White Guardian
broadcast date= [[2nd September]] - [[23rd September]] [[1978]] |
|featuring2            = Garron
format= 4 25-minute Episodes |
|enemy                 = [[Graff]] [[Vynda-K]]  
production code= [[List of production codes|5A]]|
|setting                = [[Ribos]], [[far future]]
previous story = [[The Invasion of Time]] |
|writer                 = Robert Holmes
next story = [[The Pirate Planet]] }}
|director               = [[George Spenton-Foster]]
|producer               = [[Graham Williams]]
|epcount                = 4
|broadcast date         = 2 - 23 September 1978
|network                = BBC1
|format                 = 4x25-minute episodes
|serial production code = [[List of production codes|5A]]
|prev                  = The Invasion of Time (TV story)
|next                   = The Pirate Planet (TV story)
|clip                  = The white guardian - Doctor Who - The Ribos Operation - BBC
|clip2                  = A most harrowing experience - Doctor Who - The Ribos Operation - BBC
|clip3                  = Lost the Jethrik - Doctor Who - The Ribos Operation - BBC
|series2                = ''DWM''{{'}}s "[[Stripped for action?|Stripped for action? order]]"
|prev2                  = Evil Egg (short story)
|next2                  = The Pirate Planet (TV story)
}}
'''''The Ribos Operation''''' was the first serial of [[Season 16 (Doctor Who 1963)|season 16]] of ''[[Doctor Who]]''. It began the season-long quest to find the legendary [[Key to Time]]. All four parts of ''The Ribos Operation'' ran over the allocated time, so a significant amount of material was cut for the broadcast version. Some of this material was reinstated in [[Ian Marter]]'s [[Doctor Who and the Ribos Operation|novelisation]].


'''The Ribos Operation''' was the first story of [[Season 16]] of ''Doctor Who''. It was the first story in the season-long quest to find the legendary [[Key to Time]]. It was the first serial to feature [[Mary Tamm]] as companion [[Romana I|Romana]].
There was much debate as to whether [[K9]] should return after the problems the prop had caused in [[Season 15 (Doctor Who 1963)|season 15]]. The character was popular with younger audiences so, with the assurance that the new prop was more efficient, [[Graham Williams]] approved the introduction of [[K9 Mark II]].


==Synopsis==
[[Tom Baker]]'s lip was cut when he was bitten by a [[dog]], which meant he had a visible sticking plaster on his face in the publicity stills for this story. The scar from the injury remained visible in much of this and subsequent stories.
The Doctor is recruited by the White Guardian to seek the six segments of the Key to Time, and given a new assistant, the Time Lady Romana. The quest for the first segment takes them to Ribos, a medieval planet that galactic confidence trickster Garron is trying to sell to the Graff Vynda-K.


==Plot==
''The Ribos Operation'' was notable for seeing a number of debut appearances. It was the first serial to feature [[Mary Tamm]] as companion [[Romana I]] and was also the first to properly feature K9 Mark II. The [[White Guardian]] also made his debut. He was not seen again until ''[[Enlightenment (TV story)|Enlightenment]]'', though his voice (provided by [[Gerald Cross]]) was heard in ''[[The Stones of Blood (TV story)|The Stones of Blood]]''.


===Part 1===
== Synopsis ==
[[Image:Ribos_part1.JPG|thumb|right|150px|The Doctor meets the [[White Guardian]]]]
[[Fourth Doctor|The Doctor]] is summoned by the mysterious and powerful [[White Guardian]], and sent on a quest to find the six segments of the [[Key to Time]], which, once assembled, will restore balance to the Universe. Joining the Doctor and [[K9 Mark II|K9]] is the smart and sassy [[Romana I|Romana]], a [[Time Lord]] fresh from the [[Time Lord Academy|Academy]].
[[Fourth Doctor|The Doctor]] is busy planning a holiday when the [[the Doctor's TARDIS|TARDIS]] goes dark and a mysterious voice summons him from outside. The [[White Guardian]] asks the Doctor to complete a task for him - to find the six segments of the [[Key to Time]], an immensely powerful cube which maintains the equilibrium of time. The segments are hidden throughout the cosmos, though they can be located using a locator and the help of a new assistant, a [[Time Lady]] named [[Romanadvoratrelundar]], whom the Doctor calls Romana. Before the Doctor embarks on the quest, he is warned that there is a [[Black Guardian]] who also covets the Key.


The Doctor meets Romana inside the TARDIS, but as a new recruit from the [[Time Lord Academy]] on [[Gallifrey]], Romana is inexperienced, though believes herself just as capable as the Doctor, who would rather work alone. When inserted into the TARDIS console, the locator reveals a segment to be on [[Ribos]].
Landing on the wintry planet of [[Ribos]] to locate the first segment, the TARDIS crew quickly find themselves embroiled in a little local trouble with a pair of con men and an unstable warlord...


Ribos is an icy planet with late-medieval-type inhabitants who are unaware of alien cultures. A human from [[Earth]] named [[Garron]] tries to sell Ribos to an exiled tyrant called the [[Graff Vynda-K]]. The Graff is impressed by the planet's supposed quantity of [[Jethrik]], the rarest and most valued mineral in the galaxy. He believes the opportunity confirmed when he sees a piece of Jethrik besides the Ribos crown jewels. This is all part of a ruse orchestrated by Garron; the jethrik was planted by Garron's assistant [[Unstoffe]]. The locator points the Doctor and Romana to the chamber containing the Jethrik and the crown jewels of Ribos. As the Doctor tries to open the locks to retrieve the segment, Romana is menaced by a creature called [[shrievenzale]].
== Plot ==
=== Part one ===
[[File:Ribos_part1.JPG|thumb|left|The Doctor meets the [[White Guardian]].]]
Using a [[dog whistle]] to awaken [[K9 Mark II|K9]], [[Fourth Doctor|the Doctor]] begins busily planning a holiday to [[Halergan 3]]. Suddenly, [[the Doctor's TARDIS|the TARDIS]] goes dark, and a mysterious voice summons him from [[Planet (The Ribos Operation)|outside]]. The [[White Guardian]] asks the Doctor to complete a task for him — to find the six segments of the [[Key to Time]], an immensely powerful cube which maintains the equilibrium of time. The segments are hidden throughout the cosmos, though they can be found with a [[Core to the Key to Time|locator]]. Before the Doctor embarks on the quest, he is warned that there is a dangerous [[Black Guardian]] who also covets the Key.


===Part 2===
Returning to the TARDIS, the Doctor tells K9 that their holiday is off and finds that he has been assigned a new assistant, a [[Time Lord]] named [[Romanadvoratrelundar]], whom the Doctor calls "Romana". As a new recruit from the [[Time Lord Academy]] on [[Gallifrey]], Romana is inexperienced, but she believes herself just as capable as the Doctor, who would rather work alone. The Doctor, though incensed to find that there is now a hole in his console, inserts the locator in the hole and sees that the first segment is presently on [[Cyrrhenis Minima]]... at least, it is for a moment, before the coordinates change to new ones: [[Ribos]], 116 [[parsec]]s away.
[[Image:Ribos_part2.JPG|thumb|left|150px|[[Garron]] negotiates]]
The door is closed, keeping the shrievenzale at bay. The Doctor and Romana hide guards enter the room, followed by Garron, who asks for a substantial sum of money to be kept there for protection. The Doctor is concerned he may also be after the segment.


The money is provided by the Graff Vynda-K as a deposit for his purchase of the planet, which he intends to use as a base to build an army and a battlefleet. The Graff is intrigued when Unstoffe, pretending to be a native of Ribos, concocts a tale about a lost mine containing an excess of jethrik. He parts with his money, but later changes his mind and decides that Garron is trying to con him.
Meanwhile, on Ribos, [[Garron]] and [[Unstoffe]] are atop a parapet of the castle of [[Shur]] that houses the planet's [[Ribosian crown jewels|crown jewels]]. As guards in the vault extinguish the lights and secure the room, Unstoffe drops a chunk of drugged [[meat]] into the chamber, then lowers a ladder. Unstoffe reluctantly climbs down, stepping off the ladder next to the sleeping [[Shrivenzale]]. Working quickly but quietly, he cuts a hole in the glass case housing the valuable jewels. Then, rather than steal anything, he places in a large piece of [[jethrik]], a precious blue stone and the rarest and most valued mineral in the galaxy.


Later, Unstoffe distracts the shrivenzale, recovers their piece of jethrik, and takes the money from the safe. By now, the Doctor has realised that the piece of Jethrik is the segment, and he also tries to take it, but the guards are alerted, prompting him to escape using Unstoffe's route (Unstoffe escaped another way with the jethrik). However, an angry Graff, who intends to kill them for deceiving him, immediately meets the Doctor, Romana and Garron.
Garron leaves to meet the [[Graff Vynda-K]], an exiled tyrant. Shortly after they make their introductions and leave, [[the Doctor's TARDIS]] materialises and the two Time Lords emerge. As the Doctor is instructing Romana on the value of always expecting the unexpected, he is unexpectedly caught in a net.


===Part 3===
The Graff is impressed by the planet's supposed quantity of jethrik. Garron uses a bug in the Graff's chamber to monitor his conversation with [[Sholakh]], the Graff's loyal aide, but he is interrupted by the Doctor and Romana in the passageway. He effects the manner of a watchman to make his escape, calling out, "Four o'clock and all's well!" as he walks away. But the Doctor is puzzled by the fact that he does it with a [[Somerset]] accent.
[[Image:Ribos_part3.JPG|thumb|right|150px|[[Unstoffe]] hides with [[Binro]]]]
Instead of killing them, the Graff takes Garron hostage with his "accomplices" the Doctor and Romana, and he starts the search for Unstoffe, who still has the money and the Jethrik. Unstoffe hides with [[Binro]], a homeless outcast who believes that Ribos is a planet orbiting a star, which Unstoffe confirms to be true. The Ribos guards summon a [[Seeker]] who locates Unstoffe's hideout. Using the listening device in the Graff's room, Garron warns Unstoffe about the Graff. Binro, thankful for Unstoffe's encouragement, leads him to the labyrinthine Catacombs under the city.


The Graff and his men enter the Catacombs without the Ribos guards, who fear the place. [[K-9]] helps the Doctor, Romana, and Garron to escape from the Graff's quarters and go to the Catacombs, but they are soon found by the Graff.
The locator points the Doctor and Romana to the chamber containing the jethrik and the Crown Jewels of Ribos. As the Doctor tries to open the locks to retrieve the segment, Unstoffe joins one of the guards atop the tower and gives him a drink, which conveniently knocks him out. Unstoffe blows the guard's horn, and the guards below lower the door to the Shrivenzale's chamber — trapping the Doctor and Romana with the waking beast...


===Part 4===
=== Part two ===
[[Image:Ribos_part4.JPG|thumb|left|150px|[[Graff Vynda-K|The Graff]] turns on the incompetant natives]]
The guards operating the door notice an obstruction to the door - Romana is pinned beneath it - and, fearing harm to the Shrivenzale, lift it up again. The Doctor and Romana escape back into the main room and the door is soon closed again, keeping the Shrivenzale at bay in its chamber. The Doctor and Romana hide when guards enter the room, followed by Garron, who asks for a substantial sum of money to be kept there for protection. The Doctor is concerned he may also be after the segment.
The Graff and his aide [[Sholakh]] are scared off by the shrievenzale. The Ribos guards destroy the entrance to the Catacombs causing the ceiling to collapse on the Graff's men. With the money and the piece of Jethrik, the Graff gives his last surviving guard an explosive to kill himself with. The guard, actually the Doctor in disguise, swaps the explosive for the Jethrik. The Graff walks off into the maze yelling like a madman before exploding. After leaving the Catacombs, the Doctor, Romana, and K-9 dematerialize in the TARDIS.


Garron and Unstoffe are free to the Graff's deserted ship and the Doctor and Romana reveal the first piece of the Key to Time.
The money will, of course, be the Graff Vynda-K's deposit for his purchase of the planet, which he intends to use as a base to build an army and a battle fleet. The Graff is intrigued when Unstoffe, pretending to be a native of Ribos, concocts a tale about a lost mine containing an excess of jethrik. He sends Sholakh for his money, then discovers the bug planted in his chamber. He realises that Garron is trying to con him.


==Cast==
Later, Unstoffe distracts the Shrivenzale, recovers their piece of jethrik, and takes the money from the safe. By now, the Doctor has realised that the piece of jethrik is the segment. He also tries to take it, but the guards are alerted, prompting him to escape using Unstoffe's route while Unstoffe bolts through the door with the jethrik. However, an angry Graff, who intends to kill them for deceiving him, intercepts the Doctor, Romana and Garron. He orders their [[execution]] on the spot...
*[[Fourth Doctor|The Doctor]] - [[Tom Baker]]
*[[Romana I]] - [[Mary Tamm]] 
*Voice of [[K9]] - [[John Leeson]] 
*[[White Guardian]] - [[Cyril Luckham]] 
*[[Garron]] - [[Iain Cuthbertson]] 
*[[Unstoffe]] - [[Nigel Plaskitt]] 
*[[Graff Vynda-K]] - [[Paul Seed]] 
*[[Sholakh]] - [[Robert Keegan]] 
*[[Shrieve Captain]] - [[Prentis Hancock]] 
*[[Shrieve]]s - [[Oliver Maguire]], [[John Harmill]] 
*[[Binro]] - [[Timothy Bateson]]
*[[The Seeker]] - [[Anne Tirard]]


==Crew==
=== Part three ===
*[[Writer]] - [[Robert Holmes]]
Distracted momentarily by the Doctor and advised by Sholakh to remember the money stolen, the Graff instead takes Garron prisoner with his presumed accomplices, the Doctor and Romana. The Graff confronts the [[Shrieve captain]] to see what is being done. Noticing the jethrik is gone as well, he discovers the "scringestone" tale is a lie. Meanwhile, Sholakh discovers that Garron has an accomplice when his communicator begins beeping. After Sholakh leaves, the Doctor uses his dog whistle to summon K9.
*[[Assistant Floor Manager]] - [[Richard Cox]]
*[[Costumes]] - [[June Hudson]]
*[[Designer]] - [[Ken Ledsham]]
*[[Incidental Music]] - [[Dudley Simpson]]
*[[Make-Up]] - [[Christine Walmesley-Cotham]]
*[[Production Assistant]] - [[Jane Shirley]]
*[[Production Unit Manager]] - [[John Nathan-Turner]]
*[[Script Editor]] - [[Anthony Read]]
*[[Special Sounds]] - [[Dick Mills]]
*[[Studio Lighting]] - [[Jim Purdie]]
*[[Studio Sound]] - [[Richard Chubb]]
*[[Theme Arrangement]] - [[Delia Derbyshire]]
*[[Title Music]] - [[Ron Grainer]]
*[[Visual Effects]] - [[Dave Havard]]
*[[Producer]] - [[Graham Williams]]
*[[Director]] - [[George Spenton-Foster]]


==References==
Unstoffe hides with [[Binro]], a homeless outcast who believes that Ribos is a planet orbiting a star, which Unstoffe confirms to be true. The Ribos guards summon [[The Seeker (The Ribos Operation)|the Seeker]], who locates Unstoffe's hideout. The guards prepare a pre-dawn raid. The Graff has other plans and orders Sholakh to rally his men, go in to massacre all the Ribosians, take the jethrik and leave.
*The Doctor refers to the recent [[Sontaran]] invasion of [[Gallifrey]]. Chancellor [[Borusa]] has been promoted to President, and it was in this form that the [[White Guardian]] appeared to and recruited [[Romana I|Romana]].
*This is the first appearance of the White Guardian, the [[Black Guardian]] would later appear to attempt to steal away the [[Key to Time]].
*Romana  states that she achieved ''"a triple first"'' at the [[Time Lord Academy|Academy]], while the Doctor only got ''"fifty-one percent on the second attempt."''
*[[K-9]] [[K-9 Mark II|Mark II]] makes his first appearance.
*Garron's [[Jethrik]] was obtained on [[Cyrrhenis Minima]].


==Story Notes==
Using the listening device in the Graff's room, Garron warns Unstoffe about the Graff. While the Seeker and the Graff are in the concourse, Binro, thankful for Unstoffe's encouragement, leads him to the labyrinthine [[catacomb]]s under the city. [[K9]] helps the Doctor, Romana and Garron escape from the Graff's quarters.
*Working titles for this story include '''Operation''', '''The Ribos File''' and '''The Galactic Conman'''.
*The Key to Time prop was created by [[visual effects]] designer [[Dave Havard]].
*New companion [[Mary Tamm]] had attended RADA  with her predecessor, [[Louise Jameson]].
*Originally, the shortened form of Romanadvoratrelundar's name was to be "Romy."
*On the night before the last day of recording '''The Ribos Operation''', [[Tom Baker]] was bitten on the left side of his upper lip by a dog belonging to [[Paul Seed]] (who played the [[Graff Vynda-K]]). Publicity photographs from late [[April]] show Baker with a plaster cast on that lip, and the wound had to be concealed with makeup, much to the actor's discomfort. The scar was quite noticeable on screen, and also throughout most of this season and the next.
*This story includes a rare instance of the Doctor acting directly to kill a human(oid) enemy, when the Doctor does a switch and leaves the murderous Graff holding his own explosive.
*[[Elisabeth Sladen]], who as [[Sarah Jane Smith]] was last seen in ''[[The Hand of Fear]]'', was approached to return to the series as a replacement for [[Leela]] (who had left in ''[[The Invasion of Time]]''). When Sladen declined the offer, the character of [[Romana]] was created instead.


===Ratings===
The Graff and his men enter the catacombs without the Ribos guards, who fear the place as the home of the [[Ice God]]s. Binro and Unstoffe don't fear the Ice Gods, knowing they are mythical, but they do fear the nest of [[Shrivenzale]]s they hear in the distance. The Doctor's group is not far behind them, but they are forced to hide when the Graff's party comes upon them. Unfortunately, the Doctor gives away their presence when a skull falls to the floor...
*Episode 1 - 8.3 million viewers
*Episode 2 - 8.1 million viewers
*Episode 3 - 7.9 million viewers
*Episode 4 - 8.2 million viewers


===Filming Locations===
=== Part four ===
*[[BBC Television Centre]] (Studio 4), Shepherd's Bush, [[London]]
The noise of the skull also draws the attention of a [[Shrivenzale]], scattering the Graff's men. Reflecting on the difficulty of finding their quarry, [[Sholakh]] advises the Graff to use the Seeker as her earlier information was accurate.


===Myths and rumours===
The Doctor sends the rest of his group ahead and doubles back to the city. Farther down in the catacombs, [[Unstoffe]] and [[Binro]] split up, the latter also doubling back to see if he can determine Garron's fate. Unstoffe gives Binro his communicator to demonstrate to Garron that it isn't a trick of any sort. At the entrance to the catacombs, the impatient Graff kills one of the guardsmen in front of the [[Shrieve captain]] to convey his displeasure with being made to wait for the Seeker. After witnessing this display of ruthlessness from a hiding place, the Doctor returns to the Graff's chambers. There, he stands over the fallen soldier whom K9 had earlier incapacitated.
*The previous story, ''[[The Invasion of Time]]'', introduced a female Time Lord named [[Rodan]], played by [[Hilary Ryan]]. A rumour/myth related to this serial is that Romana was originally to have been Rodan, but Ryan was unavailable so a new character was created.


===Discontinuity, Plot Holes, Errors===
Garron steals the locator from Romana and heads off to locate the jethrik and Unstoffe, in that order. The Seeker, meanwhile, foresees that if they enter the catacombs, "all but one" of the party will die. Nevertheless, she leads the Graff and his men into the catacombs. They encounter Binro, whom they mistake for a grave robber. Seeing he has Unstoffe's communicator, they take him with them to assist in finding Unstoffe. They proceed deeper. As they head off, the tail of a [[The Doctor's scarf|scarf]] peeks out from the robe of the last guard in line...
*How can the coordinates of the segment change while the TARDIS is in the vortex (i.e. outside space and time)?
*Why do the trained soldiers stop when the Doctor tells them rather than obey the Graff's orders?
*How can the Doctor walk out of the catacombs after they have been sealed? ''There is mention of alternate routes out of the catacombs, such as the tunnel the Shrivenzale use for hunting.''


==Continuity==
The Graff corners Unstoffe and Garron. Binro runs to try to warn them and is shot dead. He dies content in the knowledge that he was right about his measurements of the stars. Unstoffe, upset, moves towards the Graff and is wounded. Garron bluffs the Graff by claiming the Doctor and Romana are interstellar agents, who have stumbled across the Graff's crimes while they were arresting Garron. This only serves to enrage the Graff further. Unnoticed by all, in all this activity, is one of the Graff's guards, blowing a dog whistle. Adding to the chaos, a shrivenzale draws near.
*This story marks the beginning of the quest for the [[Key to Time]], with all stories in [[Season 16]] being linked around this theme. This was the first time a story arc encompassed an entire season.
*The Black Guardian appears in [[DW]]: ''[[The Armageddon Factor]]''.
*The White Guardian next appears in [[DW]]: ''[[Enlightenment (TV story)|Enlightenment]]''.
*The original credits list the [[White Guardian]] as simply "The Guardian." This may be a hint at a suspicion the Doctor voices at the climax of ''[[The Armageddon Factor]]'', that he and Romana have along been working for the [[Black Guardian]] disguised as his more benevolent counterpart.
*From this story until [[DW]]: ''[[The Horns of Nimon]]'' The Doctor will wear an extra long scarf, which is the original scarf and the stunt scarf sewn together.


==DVD, Video and Other Releases==
The Ribos guards use a cannon to destroy the entrance to the catacombs, causing the ceiling to collapse on the Graff's men. The collapse traps Unstoffe and Garron, but they are freed by K9. Romana reclaims the tracer that Garron stole. The Graff notices that Sholak is trapped and tries to save him, but it is too late. With the money and the piece of Jethrik, the Graff recalls the Seeker's prophecy that all but one of his group will die. He kills the Seeker to make sure that he will be the only one who survives. His last surviving guard, actually the Doctor in disguise, moves towards her as she is killed, but the Graff announces that his guard will receive a more honourable death. He gives the Doctor an explosive to kill himself with.
[[File:First_segment.jpg|thumb|"Only five more to go."]]
The Graff walks off into the maze yelling for Sholak when there is an explosion. The Doctor switched the explosive for the Jethrik.


===DVD Releases===
After leaving the catacombs, Garron and Unstoffe are free to commandeer the Graff's deserted ship but Garron asks the Doctor whether he may hold the Jethrik one last time. The Doctor lets him and he secretly slips it into his pocket but then seemingly gives it back to the Doctor. He, Romana and K9 then depart in the TARDIS. Unstoffe is disappointed that they've lost the Jethrik but Garron smugly tells him that he switched the Jethrik for an ordinary stone. He holds his hand up only to discover he's holding the ordinary stone; the Doctor switched it back! Garron is outraged at this and he and Unstoffe leave. In the TARDIS, Romana converts the Jethrik into the first piece of the Key to Time. The Doctor then looks at the segment and comments, "Only five more to go."


[[Image:Ktt_region2.JPG|right|75px]]
== Cast ==
[[Image:Ktt_region1.jpg|right|75px]]
* [[Fourth Doctor|Doctor Who]] - [[Tom Baker]]
[[Image:Ribos_region1.jpg|right|75px]]
* [[Romana I|Romana]] - [[Mary Tamm]]
* Voice of [[K9]] - [[John Leeson]]
* [[White Guardian|The Guardian]] - [[Cyril Luckham]]
* [[Garron]] - [[Iain Cuthbertson]]
* [[Unstoffe]] - [[Nigel Plaskitt]]
* [[Vynda-K|Graff Vynda-K]] - [[Paul Seed]]
* [[Sholakh]] - [[Robert Keegan]]
* [[Shrieve captain|Shrieve Captain]] - [[Prentis Hancock]]
* [[Shrieve]]s - [[Oliver Maguire]], [[John Hamill]]
* [[Binro]] - [[Timothy Bateson]]
* [[The Seeker (The Ribos Operation)|The Seeker]] - [[Anne Tirard]]


*Released along with ''[[The Pirate Planet]]'', ''[[The Stones of Blood]]'', ''[[The Androids of Tara]]'', ''[[The Power of Kroll]]'' and ''[[The Armageddon Factor]]'' as ''Doctor Who: The Key to Time''. This [[October]] [[2002]] release was only in Region 1. Extras in include commentary by [[Tom Baker]] and [[Mary Tamm]], a photo gallery and production information subtitles.
=== Uncredited cast ===
* [[Kro]] - [[Pat Gorman]] ([[DWMS Summer 1995]])
* [[Levithian]] Guards - [[Steven Ismay]], [[Harry Fielder]], [[Tony Snell]], [[Derek Chafer]] ([[DWMS Summer 1995]])
* [[Shrivenzale]]s - [[Stuart Fell]], Nick Wilkinson
* [[Shrieve|Ribosian Shrieves]] - [[Barry Summerford]], [[Roy Brent]], Yuri Gridneff, David Young


*Also released with same stories as ''Doctor Who: The Key to Time'', an extras-laden box set limited to 15,000 in its initial UK release on [[24th September]] [[2007]].
== Crew ==
* [[Writer]] - [[Robert Holmes]]
* [[Costumes]] - [[June Hudson]]
* [[Designer (crew)|Designer]] - [[Ken Ledsham]]
* [[Electronics Effects]] Operator - [[Dave Chapman]]
* [[Incidental Music]] - [[Dudley Simpson]]
* [[Make-Up]] - [[Christine Walmesley-Cotham]]
* [[Production Assistant]] - [[Jane Shirley]]
* [[Production Unit Manager]] - [[John Nathan-Turner]]
* [[Script Editor]] - [[Anthony Read]]
* [[Special Sounds]] - [[Dick Mills]]
* [[Studio Lighting]] - [[Jim Purdie]]
* [[Studio Sound]] - [[Richard Chubb]]
* [[Theme Arrangement]] - [[Delia Derbyshire]]
* [[Doctor Who theme|Title Music]] - [[Ron Grainer]]
* [[Videotape editor|Video-Tape Editor]] - [[John Turner]]
* [[Visual Effects]] - [[Dave Havard]]
* [[Producer]] - [[Graham Williams]]
* [[Director (crew)|Director]] - [[George Spenton-Foster]]


Contents:
=== Uncredited crew ===
*Commentary by [[Tom Baker]] and [[Mary Tamm]] (carried over from the 2002 set).
* [[Visual effects assistant|Visual Effects Assistants]] - [[Steven Drewett]], [[Roger Turner]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Ribos Operation'')
*[[A Matter of Time]] - A new documentary exploring [[Graham Williams]]' three year tenure as ''Doctor Who'''s producer and the [[Season 16|Key to Time season]] as a whole. Featuring Tom Baker, Mary Tamm, [[Louise Jameson]], [[Lalla Ward]], [[John Leeson]] plus new series writer [[Gareth Roberts]].
* [[Vision Mixer]]s - [[Sue Thorne]] and [[Fred Law]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Ribos Operation'')
*[[The Ribos File]] - Cast and crew look back at the making of this story, including [[Nigel Plaskitt]], [[Paul Seed]] and [[Prentis Hancock]].
* [[Technical manager|Technical Manager]] - [[Peter Granger|Peter Grainger]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Ribos Operation'')
*Season 16 trailer - The original BBC1 trailer for the sixteenth season of ''Doctor Who''.
* [[Grams operator|Grams Operator]] - [[Martin Ridout]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Ribos Operation'')
*Continuities - Off-air continuity links from the story's original transmissions.
* [[Make-up assistant|Make-Up Assistants]] - [[Juliette Mayer]], [[Suzanne Jansen]], [[Denise Baron]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Ribos Operation'')
*Radio Times Billings - Listings from Radio Times (DVD-ROM PC/Mac).
* [[Director's assistant|Director's Assistant]] - [[Wendy Plowright]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Ribos Operation'')
*Coming Soon Trailer - ''[[Planet of Evil]]''.
* [[Assistant Floor Manager]] - [[Richard Cox (assistant floor manager)|Richard Cox]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Ribos Operation'')
*Photo Gallery
* [[Floor assistant|Floor Assistant]] - [[Peter Leslie]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Ribos Operation'')
*Production Subtitles


===Video Release===
== Worldbuilding ==
* Released on VHS in [[April]] [[1995]] in PAL and NTSC formats, with the [[UK]] version featuring cover art by [[Colin Howard]] and spine art by [[Andrew Skilleter]].
=== Books ===
* Romana refers to the ''[[Bartholomew's Planetary Gazetteer]]'' about the classification of Ribos.


==Novelisation==
=== The Doctor ===
[[Image:Ribos Operation novel.jpg|right|75px]]
* The Doctor claims to have been trained in sleight of hand by [[John Nevil Maskelyne]], a well-known stage magician from the late [[19th century]].
* Novelised by [[Ian Marter]] as ''[[Doctor Who and the Ribos Operation]]''.
* Romana catches the Doctor lying, or being confused, about [[the Doctor's age|his own age]]: 756 instead of 759.


==See also==
=== Economy ===
''to be added''
* [[Opek]] is a currency accepted on Ribos.


==External Links==
=== Metals ===
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/ribosoperation/ BBC Episode Guide for '''The Ribos Operation''', with video clips]
* [[Bismuth]], [[cadmium]] and [[iron]] are present on Ribos.
* [http://www.gallifreyone.com/episode.php?id=5a Outpost Gallifrey Episode Guide: '''The Ribos Operation''']
*[http://www.drwhoguide.com/who_5a.htm Doctor Who Reference Guide: Detailed Synopsis - '''The Ribos Operation''']
*[http://www.shannonsullivan.com/drwho/serials/5a.html A Brief History of Time (Travel): '''The Ribos Operation''']


=== Places ===
* Garron sold the Harbour of [[Sydney]] to an [[Arab]] and left Earth because he refused to sell the [[Sydney Opera House|Opera House]].


{{season 16}}
=== Planets ===
[[Category:Fourth Doctor episodes|Ribos Operation, The]]
* Ribos is classified as a [[grade 3 planet]] because its people are unaware of the existence of other worlds. Importation of alien technology can be possible after reaching [[grade 2 planet]]s.
[[Category:1978 television stories|Ribos Operation, The]]
* Garron says he needs to go to [[Starpros]] to contact his clients.
[[Category:Key to Time arc|Ribos Operation]]
* Planets where the [[Alliance Wars]] were fought included [[Skaar]], [[Freytus]] and [[Crestus Minor]].
* The Graff suggests hiring mercenaries from the [[planet]] [[Shlangii (planet)|Shlangii]].
* Garron had previously sold the planet [[Mirabilis Minor]] to three purchasers.
 
=== Psychology ===
* The Doctor [[Hypnosis|hypnotises]] one of the guards with a [[fob watch]].
 
=== Religion ===
* By its inhabitants, Ribos is believed a battlefield between [[Ice God]]s and [[Sun God]]s. This would cause the turnover of the seasons - [[icetime]] and [[suntime]].
 
=== Science and technology ===
* The Doctor and Romana express interstellar distances in [[parsec]]s.
* Ribos hasn't invented the [[telescope]] yet.
* Garron says he wants to contact his (non-existent) clients by [[hyper-cable]].
* The explosive [[thermite]] is used to seal the [[catacomb]]s and is the cause of the death of the Graff.
 
=== Vehicles ===
* Graff Vynda-K wants to hire [[Pontonese ship|Pontonese battleships]] with his profits.
 
== Story notes ==
* This story marks the beginning of the quest for the [[Key to Time]]. All stories in [[Season 16 (Doctor Who 1963)|season 16]] were linked to this theme. This was the first time a story arc encompassed an entire season (all of the stories of [[Season 8 (Doctor Who 1963)|season 8]] were related to {{Delgado}}, but they were separate standalone stories).
* Working titles for this story include ''Operation'', ''The Galactic Conman''<ref>http://www.shannonsullivan.com/doctorwho/serials/5a.html</ref> and ''The Ribos File''.<ref>''[[Doctor Who Yearbook 1996]]''</ref>
* This story was the last season opener to introduce a new companion until ''[[Rose (TV story)|Rose]]'' in 2005; although [[Lalla Ward]] takes over as Romana in the following series-opener, she is still the same character. All of the following companions were introduced midway through, or at the end, of a series.
* The ''Radio Times'' programme listing for part one was accompanied by a black-and-white head-and-shoulders photograph of Romana and the Doctor, with the accompanying caption "''Dr. Who{{'}}''s new assistant — [[Mary Tamm]] as Romana joins [[Tom Baker]]: 5.45" ''(original published text)''; while that for part two was accompanied by a black-and-white publicity shot of Romana, with the accompanying caption "Romanadvoratrelundar (Romana for short) the new-graduate Time Lord. Mary Tamm in ''Dr. Who'': 6.20". ''(original published text)''
* The Key to Time prop was created by [[visual effects]] designer [[Dave Havard]].
* Originally, the shortened form of Romanadvoratrelundar's name was to be "Romy," as noted on the Special Edition DVD Info Text.
* On the night before the last day of recording ''The Ribos Operation'', [[Tom Baker]] was bitten on the left side of his upper lip by a Jack Russell dog belonging to [[Paul Seed]], who played the [[Graff Vynda-K]]. Publicity photographs from late April show Baker with a sticking plaster on his lip. The wound had to be concealed with makeup, much to the actor's discomfort, and where possible [[George Spenton-Foster]] changed his camera angles to keep the other side of Baker's face forward. The scar was quite noticeable on-screen throughout most of this season and the next.
* This story includes a rare instance of the Doctor acting directly to kill a human(oid) enemy when the Doctor does a switch and leaves the [[murder]]ous Graff holding his own explosive.
* [[Elisabeth Sladen]], who as [[Sarah Jane Smith]] was last seen in ''[[The Hand of Fear (TV story)|The Hand of Fear]]'', was approached to return to the series as a replacement for [[Leela]] (who had left in ''[[The Invasion of Time (TV story)|The Invasion of Time]]''). When Sladen declined the offer, the character of [[Romana]] was created instead.
* K9 does not appear in part two.
* The original credits list the [[White Guardian]] as simply "The Guardian." This may be a hint at a suspicion the Doctor voices at the climax of ''[[The Armageddon Factor (TV story)|The Armageddon Factor]]'', that he and Romana have all along been working for the [[Black Guardian]] disguised as his more benevolent counterpart. However, the original intent of [[Graham Williams]] and [[Anthony Read]] was that the Guardian seen in this story was indeed the White Guardian. ([[INFO]]: ''The Ribos Operation'')
* From this story until ''[[The Horns of Nimon (TV story)|The Horns of Nimon]]'', the Doctor will wear an [[The Doctor's scarf|extra long scarf]], which is the remaining portion of original scarf and the stunt scarf sewn together.
* Garron was originally [[Australia]]n, hence the reference to his fraudulent sale of [[Sydney Opera House|the Sydney Opera House]]. He became a Londoner when [[Iain Cuthbertson]] was cast in the role.
* The Seeker was originally a man.
* The sets were left over from the BBC's adaptation of ''[[Anna Karenina]]''.
* The script originally called for the Doctor to be in awe of the White Guardian. However, [[Tom Baker]] insisted on playing it mockingly while trying not to laugh at how serious it all was.
* Initially, the jethrik was important because it was actually a source of incredible energy which could power a fleet of spaceships.
* Ribos was patterned after medieval [[Russia]], its name being an anagram of the common Russian name “Boris”. The currency of Ribos, the opek, was a reference to both the Russian kopec (one-hundredth of a ruble) and the Organisation of Petroleum-Exporting Countries, better known by its acronym OPEC.
* The scene with the White Guardian was written by [[Anthony Read]] and [[Graham Williams]].
* It was [[Anthony Read]]'s idea for the Jethrik to be the first segment of the Key to Time.
* During production, [[George Spenton-Foster]] quickly had to contend with a demarcation dispute amongst the crew, arising from a disagreement over who was responsible for lighting the torches which decorated many of the Ribos sets.
* [[Tom Baker]] took exception to Romana's bright white dress, which he found distracting. Although it was intended that she would always be seen in white in to reflect the notion of her as an “ice queen”, these plans were hastily dropped.
* [[George Spenton-Foster]] had planned to erect large coloured screens so that chroma key could be used to enlarge the scale of sets such as the White Guardian's limbo, and magnify the size of the Shrivenzale in the Catacombs. However, the floor technicians could not agree on who should operate the screens, and so the effect had to be largely abandoned.
* Originally, the Graff did not murder the Seeker himself but instead sent her back to the Catacombs, whereupon the Captain set off the explosion to seal the caves and killed the Seeker in the process. Believing himself to be the prophesied survivor, the Graff -- insane and hallucinating about past campaigns -- then took an ammunition pouch from a supposedly dead guard. The Doctor would reveal himself at this stage while an explosion detonated, heralding the Graff's demise.
* [[Mary Tamm]] and [[Louise Jameson]] were classmates at RADA. In advance of rehearsals, Jameson had warned Tamm of her difficult relationship with [[Tom Baker]]. As a result, the new lead actress made certain to stand her ground when Baker behaved rudely towards her. This earned her co-star's respect, and they would get along well with each other from that point forward.
 
=== Ratings ===
* Part one - 8.3 million viewers
* Part two - 8.1 million viewers
* Part three - 7.9 million viewers
* Part four - 8.2 million viewers
 
=== Filming locations ===
* [[BBC Television Centre]] (Studio 4), Shepherd's Bush, [[London]]
 
=== Myths and rumours ===
* The previous story, ''[[The Invasion of Time (TV story)|The Invasion of Time]]'', introduced a female Time Lord named [[Rodan]], played by [[Hilary Ryan]]. A rumour/myth related to this serial is that Romana was originally to have been Rodan, but Ryan was unavailable so a new character was created.
* Conversely, there is a related misconception that this story marks the first appearance of a named female Time Lord ([[Susan Foreman]] notwithstanding) and that female Time Lords have long, complex names. The appearance of Rodan in the previous story contradicts this myth (although it's possible Rodan is a shortened form of that name, just like Romana).
 
=== Production errors ===
{{discontinuity}}
* The Doctor's memory of recent events was wiped towards the end of ''[[The Invasion of Time (TV story)|The Invasion of Time]]'', following his use of the [[De-mat Gun]], so he should have no memory of the [[Sontaran]]s' attempted invasion of [[Gallifrey]], which he mentions in part one. ''(However, it could be argued that the Doctor's memory was restored when the TARDIS entered the [[White Guardian]]'s domain. Also, no-one else in the story lost their memory so it's possible someone else told him offscreen.)''
* Garron's communicator falls off his wrist as he and Unstoffe are lifting off the metal plate at the top of the shaft in part one.
* Romana notably finds Ribos cold and has to put on a coat to stay warm. However the Doctor does not feel the cold ''(which has been established in previous adventures)'' and, given that the two of them are the same species, it is logical to assume that she would not feel the cold either. ''(However there is no reason to assume every member of a species feels the same way, much as humans from warm backgrounds may struggle with the cold more than those from cold backgrounds.)''
* The Captain examines the door leading to the shrivenzale and then turns to his right which means he looks directly at where Romana is hiding yet he does not see her.
* When the Captain is talking to Garron in the treasure room he is looking at him but when the camera changes angles, he is now looking away from him.
* When K9 goes into the hole at the end of part three, he enters nose first. But when he emerges in part four, he has turned around.
* When the jethrik stone is being converted into the segment, Romana's grip on the tracer changes.
* When the Doctor and Romana exit the TARDIS in part one, the door is left open. But when K9 is later shown exiting the TARDIS in part three, the door is closed.
 
== Continuity ==
* The Doctor mentions the [[Sontaran]]s' attempted invasion of [[Gallifrey]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Invasion of Time (TV story)|The Invasion of Time]]'')
* After Ribos, the Doctor and Romana continue their quest for all six segments of the [[Key to Time]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Pirate Planet (TV story)|The Pirate Planet]]'')
* The White Guardian warns of a Black Guardian, whom the Doctor meets at the end of his quest. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Armageddon Factor (TV story)|The Armageddon Factor]]'')
* The Doctor and Romana would encounter the White Guardian again. ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[The Pursuit of History (audio story)|The Pursuit of History]]'' / ''[[Casualties of Time (audio story)|Casualties of Time]]'') The [[Fifth Doctor]] also encountered him on three occasions. ([[TV]]: ''[[Enlightenment (TV story)|Enlightenment]]''; [[AUDIO]]: ''[[The Destroyer of Delights (audio story)|The Destroyer of Delights]]'', ''[[The Chaos Pool (audio story)|The Chaos Pool]]'')
* During his [[Sixth Doctor|sixth incarnation]], the Doctor later visited another Grade 3 planet, namely [[Strellin]]. ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[Order of the Daleks (audio story)|Order of the Daleks]]'')
 
== Home video and audio releases ==
=== DVD releases ===
* This story was released along with ''[[The Pirate Planet (TV story)|The Pirate Planet]]'', ''[[The Stones of Blood (TV story)|The Stones of Blood]]'', ''[[The Androids of Tara (TV story)|The Androids of Tara]]'', ''[[The Power of Kroll (TV story)|The Power of Kroll]]'' and ''[[The Armageddon Factor (TV story)|The Armageddon Factor]]'' as ''Doctor Who: The Key to Time''. This October 2002 release was only in Region 1. Extras include commentary by [[Tom Baker]] and [[Mary Tamm]], a photo gallery and production information subtitles.
* It was also released with the same stories as ''Doctor Who: The Key to Time'', an extras-laden box set limited to 15,000 in its initial UK release on [[24 September (releases)|24 September]] [[2007 (releases)|2007]], later followed by wide release in Region 1 on [[3 March (releases)|3 March]] [[2009 (releases)|2009]] as ''The Key to Time - Special Edition''.
 
==== Special features (2007/2009 version) ====
* Commentary by [[Tom Baker]] ([[Fourth Doctor|The Doctor]]) and [[Mary Tamm]] ([[Romana I|Romana]]) (carried over from the 2002 set)
* ''[[A Matter of Time (documentary)|A Matter of Time]]'' - A new documentary exploring [[Graham Williams]]' three year tenure as ''[[Doctor Who]]''{{'}}s producer, including the history of the Key to Time story arc and [[Douglas Adams]]' beginning with the series. Featuring Tom Baker, Mary Tamm, [[Louise Jameson]] ([[Leela]]), [[Lalla Ward]] ([[Astra of Atrios|Princess Astra]]/[[Romana II|Romana]]), [[John Leeson]] ([[K9 Mark II|K9]]), [[Douglas Adams]] (archival interview), [[Mat Irvine]], new series writer [[Gareth Roberts]], [[Colin Mapson]], and [[Paul Seed]]. Narrated by [[Toby Longworth]].
* ''[[The Ribos File (documentary)|The Ribos File]]'' - Cast and crew look back at the production of this story, featuring interviews with [[Nigel Plaskitt]] ([[Unstoffe]]), Paul Seed ([[Vynda-K|The Graff Vynda-K]]) and [[Prentis Hancock]] ([[Shrieve captain|Captain]])
* Season 16 Trailer - The original [[BBC One|BBC1]] trailer for the sixteenth season of ''Doctor Who''
* Continuities - Off-air continuity links from the story's original transmissions
* ''[[Radio Times]]'' Billings - Listings from ''Radio Times'' (DVD-ROM PC/Mac)
* Coming Soon Trailer - ''[[Planet of Evil]]'' (2007 UK release only)
* Photo Gallery
* Production Subtitles
* [[Easter Egg]]: Information slide about a proposed schedule change for ''Doctor Who'' from Saturday to Thursday nights. To access this hidden feature, enable Info Text in the Special Features menu, then return to the Main Menu and select Play All, at which point the feature will play prior to the opening of Part One.
 
Notes:
* Editing for the DVD release was completed by the [[Doctor Who Restoration Team]].
 
<gallery position="center" captionalign="center" hideaddbutton="true">
File:Ribos_region1.jpg|DVD Region 1 US cover
File:The ribos operation.jpg|DVD Region 1 Special Edition US cover
File:Bbcdvd-theribosoperation.jpg|DVD Region 2 UK cover
The Ribos Operationdvd.jpg|DVD Region 4 AUS cover
</gallery>
 
==== The Key to Time boxed set covers ====
<gallery position="center" captionalign="center" hideaddbutton="true">
File:Ktt_region2.JPG|DVD Region 2 UK The Key to Time cover
File:Ktt_region1.jpg|DVD Region 1 US The Key to Time cover
File:The key to time.jpg|DVD Region 1 US The Key to Time Special Edition cover
File:The Key to Time DVD Australian boxed set cover.jpg|DVD Region 4 Australian The Key to Time cover
</gallery>
 
==== Doctor Who DVD Files ====
It was released as [[DWDVDF 107|issue 107]] of ''[[Doctor Who DVD Files]]''.
 
=== Video release ===
* This story was released on VHS in April 1995 in PAL and NTSC formats, with the [[UK]] version featuring cover art by [[Colin Howard]] and spine art by [[Andrew Skilleter]].
 
<gallery position="center" captionalign="center" hideaddbutton="true">
File:The Ribos Operation VHS UK cover.jpg|VHS UK cover
File:The Ribos Operation VHS Australian cover.jpg|VHS Australian cover
File:The Ribos Operation VHS US cover.jpg|VHS US cover
</gallery>
 
=== Digital releases ===
* The story is available for streaming through BritBox (Canada and US) as part of Season 16 of Classic Doctor Who.
* It is also available to download through iTunes.
 
== External links ==
* {{bbcepguideclassic|ribosoperation/|The Ribos Operation}} (with video clips)
* {{radiotimes|2010-12-13/the-ribos-operation}}
{{dwcast}}
{{dwrefguide|who_5a.htm|The Ribos Operation}}
* {{briefhistory|serials/5a.html|The Ribos Operation}}
 
== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}
 
{{DWTV}}
{{TitleSort}}
[[es:The Ribos Operation]]
[[ru:Операция Рибос]]
 
[[Category:Doctor Who (1963) television stories]]
[[Category:1978 television stories]]
[[Category:K9 television stories]]
[[Category:Season 16 stories]]
[[Category:Four part serials]]

Latest revision as of 20:07, 3 November 2024

RealWorld.png

The Ribos Operation was the first serial of season 16 of Doctor Who. It began the season-long quest to find the legendary Key to Time. All four parts of The Ribos Operation ran over the allocated time, so a significant amount of material was cut for the broadcast version. Some of this material was reinstated in Ian Marter's novelisation.

There was much debate as to whether K9 should return after the problems the prop had caused in season 15. The character was popular with younger audiences so, with the assurance that the new prop was more efficient, Graham Williams approved the introduction of K9 Mark II.

Tom Baker's lip was cut when he was bitten by a dog, which meant he had a visible sticking plaster on his face in the publicity stills for this story. The scar from the injury remained visible in much of this and subsequent stories.

The Ribos Operation was notable for seeing a number of debut appearances. It was the first serial to feature Mary Tamm as companion Romana I and was also the first to properly feature K9 Mark II. The White Guardian also made his debut. He was not seen again until Enlightenment, though his voice (provided by Gerald Cross) was heard in The Stones of Blood.

Synopsis[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Doctor is summoned by the mysterious and powerful White Guardian, and sent on a quest to find the six segments of the Key to Time, which, once assembled, will restore balance to the Universe. Joining the Doctor and K9 is the smart and sassy Romana, a Time Lord fresh from the Academy.

Landing on the wintry planet of Ribos to locate the first segment, the TARDIS crew quickly find themselves embroiled in a little local trouble with a pair of con men and an unstable warlord...

Plot[[edit] | [edit source]]

Part one[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Doctor meets the White Guardian.

Using a dog whistle to awaken K9, the Doctor begins busily planning a holiday to Halergan 3. Suddenly, the TARDIS goes dark, and a mysterious voice summons him from outside. The White Guardian asks the Doctor to complete a task for him — to find the six segments of the Key to Time, an immensely powerful cube which maintains the equilibrium of time. The segments are hidden throughout the cosmos, though they can be found with a locator. Before the Doctor embarks on the quest, he is warned that there is a dangerous Black Guardian who also covets the Key.

Returning to the TARDIS, the Doctor tells K9 that their holiday is off and finds that he has been assigned a new assistant, a Time Lord named Romanadvoratrelundar, whom the Doctor calls "Romana". As a new recruit from the Time Lord Academy on Gallifrey, Romana is inexperienced, but she believes herself just as capable as the Doctor, who would rather work alone. The Doctor, though incensed to find that there is now a hole in his console, inserts the locator in the hole and sees that the first segment is presently on Cyrrhenis Minima... at least, it is for a moment, before the coordinates change to new ones: Ribos, 116 parsecs away.

Meanwhile, on Ribos, Garron and Unstoffe are atop a parapet of the castle of Shur that houses the planet's crown jewels. As guards in the vault extinguish the lights and secure the room, Unstoffe drops a chunk of drugged meat into the chamber, then lowers a ladder. Unstoffe reluctantly climbs down, stepping off the ladder next to the sleeping Shrivenzale. Working quickly but quietly, he cuts a hole in the glass case housing the valuable jewels. Then, rather than steal anything, he places in a large piece of jethrik, a precious blue stone and the rarest and most valued mineral in the galaxy.

Garron leaves to meet the Graff Vynda-K, an exiled tyrant. Shortly after they make their introductions and leave, the Doctor's TARDIS materialises and the two Time Lords emerge. As the Doctor is instructing Romana on the value of always expecting the unexpected, he is unexpectedly caught in a net.

The Graff is impressed by the planet's supposed quantity of jethrik. Garron uses a bug in the Graff's chamber to monitor his conversation with Sholakh, the Graff's loyal aide, but he is interrupted by the Doctor and Romana in the passageway. He effects the manner of a watchman to make his escape, calling out, "Four o'clock and all's well!" as he walks away. But the Doctor is puzzled by the fact that he does it with a Somerset accent.

The locator points the Doctor and Romana to the chamber containing the jethrik and the Crown Jewels of Ribos. As the Doctor tries to open the locks to retrieve the segment, Unstoffe joins one of the guards atop the tower and gives him a drink, which conveniently knocks him out. Unstoffe blows the guard's horn, and the guards below lower the door to the Shrivenzale's chamber — trapping the Doctor and Romana with the waking beast...

Part two[[edit] | [edit source]]

The guards operating the door notice an obstruction to the door - Romana is pinned beneath it - and, fearing harm to the Shrivenzale, lift it up again. The Doctor and Romana escape back into the main room and the door is soon closed again, keeping the Shrivenzale at bay in its chamber. The Doctor and Romana hide when guards enter the room, followed by Garron, who asks for a substantial sum of money to be kept there for protection. The Doctor is concerned he may also be after the segment.

The money will, of course, be the Graff Vynda-K's deposit for his purchase of the planet, which he intends to use as a base to build an army and a battle fleet. The Graff is intrigued when Unstoffe, pretending to be a native of Ribos, concocts a tale about a lost mine containing an excess of jethrik. He sends Sholakh for his money, then discovers the bug planted in his chamber. He realises that Garron is trying to con him.

Later, Unstoffe distracts the Shrivenzale, recovers their piece of jethrik, and takes the money from the safe. By now, the Doctor has realised that the piece of jethrik is the segment. He also tries to take it, but the guards are alerted, prompting him to escape using Unstoffe's route while Unstoffe bolts through the door with the jethrik. However, an angry Graff, who intends to kill them for deceiving him, intercepts the Doctor, Romana and Garron. He orders their execution on the spot...

Part three[[edit] | [edit source]]

Distracted momentarily by the Doctor and advised by Sholakh to remember the money stolen, the Graff instead takes Garron prisoner with his presumed accomplices, the Doctor and Romana. The Graff confronts the Shrieve captain to see what is being done. Noticing the jethrik is gone as well, he discovers the "scringestone" tale is a lie. Meanwhile, Sholakh discovers that Garron has an accomplice when his communicator begins beeping. After Sholakh leaves, the Doctor uses his dog whistle to summon K9.

Unstoffe hides with Binro, a homeless outcast who believes that Ribos is a planet orbiting a star, which Unstoffe confirms to be true. The Ribos guards summon the Seeker, who locates Unstoffe's hideout. The guards prepare a pre-dawn raid. The Graff has other plans and orders Sholakh to rally his men, go in to massacre all the Ribosians, take the jethrik and leave.

Using the listening device in the Graff's room, Garron warns Unstoffe about the Graff. While the Seeker and the Graff are in the concourse, Binro, thankful for Unstoffe's encouragement, leads him to the labyrinthine catacombs under the city. K9 helps the Doctor, Romana and Garron escape from the Graff's quarters.

The Graff and his men enter the catacombs without the Ribos guards, who fear the place as the home of the Ice Gods. Binro and Unstoffe don't fear the Ice Gods, knowing they are mythical, but they do fear the nest of Shrivenzales they hear in the distance. The Doctor's group is not far behind them, but they are forced to hide when the Graff's party comes upon them. Unfortunately, the Doctor gives away their presence when a skull falls to the floor...

Part four[[edit] | [edit source]]

The noise of the skull also draws the attention of a Shrivenzale, scattering the Graff's men. Reflecting on the difficulty of finding their quarry, Sholakh advises the Graff to use the Seeker as her earlier information was accurate.

The Doctor sends the rest of his group ahead and doubles back to the city. Farther down in the catacombs, Unstoffe and Binro split up, the latter also doubling back to see if he can determine Garron's fate. Unstoffe gives Binro his communicator to demonstrate to Garron that it isn't a trick of any sort. At the entrance to the catacombs, the impatient Graff kills one of the guardsmen in front of the Shrieve captain to convey his displeasure with being made to wait for the Seeker. After witnessing this display of ruthlessness from a hiding place, the Doctor returns to the Graff's chambers. There, he stands over the fallen soldier whom K9 had earlier incapacitated.

Garron steals the locator from Romana and heads off to locate the jethrik and Unstoffe, in that order. The Seeker, meanwhile, foresees that if they enter the catacombs, "all but one" of the party will die. Nevertheless, she leads the Graff and his men into the catacombs. They encounter Binro, whom they mistake for a grave robber. Seeing he has Unstoffe's communicator, they take him with them to assist in finding Unstoffe. They proceed deeper. As they head off, the tail of a scarf peeks out from the robe of the last guard in line...

The Graff corners Unstoffe and Garron. Binro runs to try to warn them and is shot dead. He dies content in the knowledge that he was right about his measurements of the stars. Unstoffe, upset, moves towards the Graff and is wounded. Garron bluffs the Graff by claiming the Doctor and Romana are interstellar agents, who have stumbled across the Graff's crimes while they were arresting Garron. This only serves to enrage the Graff further. Unnoticed by all, in all this activity, is one of the Graff's guards, blowing a dog whistle. Adding to the chaos, a shrivenzale draws near.

The Ribos guards use a cannon to destroy the entrance to the catacombs, causing the ceiling to collapse on the Graff's men. The collapse traps Unstoffe and Garron, but they are freed by K9. Romana reclaims the tracer that Garron stole. The Graff notices that Sholak is trapped and tries to save him, but it is too late. With the money and the piece of Jethrik, the Graff recalls the Seeker's prophecy that all but one of his group will die. He kills the Seeker to make sure that he will be the only one who survives. His last surviving guard, actually the Doctor in disguise, moves towards her as she is killed, but the Graff announces that his guard will receive a more honourable death. He gives the Doctor an explosive to kill himself with.

"Only five more to go."

The Graff walks off into the maze yelling for Sholak when there is an explosion. The Doctor switched the explosive for the Jethrik.

After leaving the catacombs, Garron and Unstoffe are free to commandeer the Graff's deserted ship but Garron asks the Doctor whether he may hold the Jethrik one last time. The Doctor lets him and he secretly slips it into his pocket but then seemingly gives it back to the Doctor. He, Romana and K9 then depart in the TARDIS. Unstoffe is disappointed that they've lost the Jethrik but Garron smugly tells him that he switched the Jethrik for an ordinary stone. He holds his hand up only to discover he's holding the ordinary stone; the Doctor switched it back! Garron is outraged at this and he and Unstoffe leave. In the TARDIS, Romana converts the Jethrik into the first piece of the Key to Time. The Doctor then looks at the segment and comments, "Only five more to go."

Cast[[edit] | [edit source]]

Uncredited cast[[edit] | [edit source]]

Crew[[edit] | [edit source]]

Uncredited crew[[edit] | [edit source]]

Worldbuilding[[edit] | [edit source]]

Books[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Doctor[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • The Doctor claims to have been trained in sleight of hand by John Nevil Maskelyne, a well-known stage magician from the late 19th century.
  • Romana catches the Doctor lying, or being confused, about his own age: 756 instead of 759.

Economy[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • Opek is a currency accepted on Ribos.

Metals[[edit] | [edit source]]

Places[[edit] | [edit source]]

Planets[[edit] | [edit source]]

Psychology[[edit] | [edit source]]

Religion[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • By its inhabitants, Ribos is believed a battlefield between Ice Gods and Sun Gods. This would cause the turnover of the seasons - icetime and suntime.

Science and technology[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • The Doctor and Romana express interstellar distances in parsecs.
  • Ribos hasn't invented the telescope yet.
  • Garron says he wants to contact his (non-existent) clients by hyper-cable.
  • The explosive thermite is used to seal the catacombs and is the cause of the death of the Graff.

Vehicles[[edit] | [edit source]]

Story notes[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • This story marks the beginning of the quest for the Key to Time. All stories in season 16 were linked to this theme. This was the first time a story arc encompassed an entire season (all of the stories of season 8 were related to the Master, but they were separate standalone stories).
  • Working titles for this story include Operation, The Galactic Conman[1] and The Ribos File.[2]
  • This story was the last season opener to introduce a new companion until Rose in 2005; although Lalla Ward takes over as Romana in the following series-opener, she is still the same character. All of the following companions were introduced midway through, or at the end, of a series.
  • The Radio Times programme listing for part one was accompanied by a black-and-white head-and-shoulders photograph of Romana and the Doctor, with the accompanying caption "Dr. Who's new assistant — Mary Tamm as Romana joins Tom Baker: 5.45" (original published text); while that for part two was accompanied by a black-and-white publicity shot of Romana, with the accompanying caption "Romanadvoratrelundar (Romana for short) the new-graduate Time Lord. Mary Tamm in Dr. Who: 6.20". (original published text)
  • The Key to Time prop was created by visual effects designer Dave Havard.
  • Originally, the shortened form of Romanadvoratrelundar's name was to be "Romy," as noted on the Special Edition DVD Info Text.
  • On the night before the last day of recording The Ribos Operation, Tom Baker was bitten on the left side of his upper lip by a Jack Russell dog belonging to Paul Seed, who played the Graff Vynda-K. Publicity photographs from late April show Baker with a sticking plaster on his lip. The wound had to be concealed with makeup, much to the actor's discomfort, and where possible George Spenton-Foster changed his camera angles to keep the other side of Baker's face forward. The scar was quite noticeable on-screen throughout most of this season and the next.
  • This story includes a rare instance of the Doctor acting directly to kill a human(oid) enemy when the Doctor does a switch and leaves the murderous Graff holding his own explosive.
  • Elisabeth Sladen, who as Sarah Jane Smith was last seen in The Hand of Fear, was approached to return to the series as a replacement for Leela (who had left in The Invasion of Time). When Sladen declined the offer, the character of Romana was created instead.
  • K9 does not appear in part two.
  • The original credits list the White Guardian as simply "The Guardian." This may be a hint at a suspicion the Doctor voices at the climax of The Armageddon Factor, that he and Romana have all along been working for the Black Guardian disguised as his more benevolent counterpart. However, the original intent of Graham Williams and Anthony Read was that the Guardian seen in this story was indeed the White Guardian. (INFO: The Ribos Operation)
  • From this story until The Horns of Nimon, the Doctor will wear an extra long scarf, which is the remaining portion of original scarf and the stunt scarf sewn together.
  • Garron was originally Australian, hence the reference to his fraudulent sale of the Sydney Opera House. He became a Londoner when Iain Cuthbertson was cast in the role.
  • The Seeker was originally a man.
  • The sets were left over from the BBC's adaptation of Anna Karenina.
  • The script originally called for the Doctor to be in awe of the White Guardian. However, Tom Baker insisted on playing it mockingly while trying not to laugh at how serious it all was.
  • Initially, the jethrik was important because it was actually a source of incredible energy which could power a fleet of spaceships.
  • Ribos was patterned after medieval Russia, its name being an anagram of the common Russian name “Boris”. The currency of Ribos, the opek, was a reference to both the Russian kopec (one-hundredth of a ruble) and the Organisation of Petroleum-Exporting Countries, better known by its acronym OPEC.
  • The scene with the White Guardian was written by Anthony Read and Graham Williams.
  • It was Anthony Read's idea for the Jethrik to be the first segment of the Key to Time.
  • During production, George Spenton-Foster quickly had to contend with a demarcation dispute amongst the crew, arising from a disagreement over who was responsible for lighting the torches which decorated many of the Ribos sets.
  • Tom Baker took exception to Romana's bright white dress, which he found distracting. Although it was intended that she would always be seen in white in to reflect the notion of her as an “ice queen”, these plans were hastily dropped.
  • George Spenton-Foster had planned to erect large coloured screens so that chroma key could be used to enlarge the scale of sets such as the White Guardian's limbo, and magnify the size of the Shrivenzale in the Catacombs. However, the floor technicians could not agree on who should operate the screens, and so the effect had to be largely abandoned.
  • Originally, the Graff did not murder the Seeker himself but instead sent her back to the Catacombs, whereupon the Captain set off the explosion to seal the caves and killed the Seeker in the process. Believing himself to be the prophesied survivor, the Graff -- insane and hallucinating about past campaigns -- then took an ammunition pouch from a supposedly dead guard. The Doctor would reveal himself at this stage while an explosion detonated, heralding the Graff's demise.
  • Mary Tamm and Louise Jameson were classmates at RADA. In advance of rehearsals, Jameson had warned Tamm of her difficult relationship with Tom Baker. As a result, the new lead actress made certain to stand her ground when Baker behaved rudely towards her. This earned her co-star's respect, and they would get along well with each other from that point forward.

Ratings[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • Part one - 8.3 million viewers
  • Part two - 8.1 million viewers
  • Part three - 7.9 million viewers
  • Part four - 8.2 million viewers

Filming locations[[edit] | [edit source]]

Myths and rumours[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • The previous story, The Invasion of Time, introduced a female Time Lord named Rodan, played by Hilary Ryan. A rumour/myth related to this serial is that Romana was originally to have been Rodan, but Ryan was unavailable so a new character was created.
  • Conversely, there is a related misconception that this story marks the first appearance of a named female Time Lord (Susan Foreman notwithstanding) and that female Time Lords have long, complex names. The appearance of Rodan in the previous story contradicts this myth (although it's possible Rodan is a shortened form of that name, just like Romana).

Production errors[[edit] | [edit source]]

If you'd like to talk about narrative problems with this story — like plot holes and things that seem to contradict other stories — please go to this episode's discontinuity discussion.
  • The Doctor's memory of recent events was wiped towards the end of The Invasion of Time, following his use of the De-mat Gun, so he should have no memory of the Sontarans' attempted invasion of Gallifrey, which he mentions in part one. (However, it could be argued that the Doctor's memory was restored when the TARDIS entered the White Guardian's domain. Also, no-one else in the story lost their memory so it's possible someone else told him offscreen.)
  • Garron's communicator falls off his wrist as he and Unstoffe are lifting off the metal plate at the top of the shaft in part one.
  • Romana notably finds Ribos cold and has to put on a coat to stay warm. However the Doctor does not feel the cold (which has been established in previous adventures) and, given that the two of them are the same species, it is logical to assume that she would not feel the cold either. (However there is no reason to assume every member of a species feels the same way, much as humans from warm backgrounds may struggle with the cold more than those from cold backgrounds.)
  • The Captain examines the door leading to the shrivenzale and then turns to his right which means he looks directly at where Romana is hiding yet he does not see her.
  • When the Captain is talking to Garron in the treasure room he is looking at him but when the camera changes angles, he is now looking away from him.
  • When K9 goes into the hole at the end of part three, he enters nose first. But when he emerges in part four, he has turned around.
  • When the jethrik stone is being converted into the segment, Romana's grip on the tracer changes.
  • When the Doctor and Romana exit the TARDIS in part one, the door is left open. But when K9 is later shown exiting the TARDIS in part three, the door is closed.

Continuity[[edit] | [edit source]]

Home video and audio releases[[edit] | [edit source]]

DVD releases[[edit] | [edit source]]

Special features (2007/2009 version)[[edit] | [edit source]]

Notes:

  • DVD Region 1 US cover

    DVD Region 1 US cover

  • DVD Region 1 Special Edition US cover

    DVD Region 1 Special Edition US cover

  • DVD Region 2 UK cover

    DVD Region 2 UK cover

  • DVD Region 4 AUS cover

    DVD Region 4 AUS cover

The Key to Time boxed set covers[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • DVD Region 2 UK The Key to Time cover

    DVD Region 2 UK The Key to Time cover

  • DVD Region 1 US The Key to Time cover

    DVD Region 1 US The Key to Time cover

  • DVD Region 1 US The Key to Time Special Edition cover

    DVD Region 1 US The Key to Time Special Edition cover

  • DVD Region 4 Australian The Key to Time cover

    DVD Region 4 Australian The Key to Time cover

Doctor Who DVD Files[[edit] | [edit source]]

It was released as issue 107 of Doctor Who DVD Files.

Video release[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • This story was released on VHS in April 1995 in PAL and NTSC formats, with the UK version featuring cover art by Colin Howard and spine art by Andrew Skilleter.
  • VHS UK cover

    VHS UK cover

  • VHS Australian cover

    VHS Australian cover

  • VHS US cover

    VHS US cover

Digital releases[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • The story is available for streaming through BritBox (Canada and US) as part of Season 16 of Classic Doctor Who.
  • It is also available to download through iTunes.

External links[[edit] | [edit source]]

Footnotes[[edit] | [edit source]]

  1. ↑ http://www.shannonsullivan.com/doctorwho/serials/5a.html
  2. ↑ Doctor Who Yearbook 1996
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