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{{Infobox Story SMW
story name= The Invasion of Time|
|image= Invasionoftime title.jpg  
image= [[File:Invasionoftime_title.jpg|250px]] |
|series=[[Doctor Who television stories|''Doctor Who'' television stories]]
series=[[Doctor Who television stories|''Doctor Who'' television stories]]|
|season number= Season 15 (Doctor Who 1963)|
number= [[Season 15]]|
|season serial number = 6
story number= 97|
|story number= 97
doctor= [[Fourth Doctor]] |
|doctor= Fourth Doctor  
companions= [[Leela]] (departs) <br /> [[K9 Mark I]] (departs)<br />[[K9 Mark II]] (introduction; joins)|
|companions= [[Leela]], [[K9 Mark I]]
enemy= [[Vardan]]s<br />[[Sontaran]]s<br />[[Kelner|Castellan Kelner]]<br />[[Andred]](redeems himself) |
|featuring= {{MacKay}}, [[Andred (The Invasion of Time)|Andred]]
year= [[Gallifrey]]; [[Rassilon Era]] |
|enemy= [[Commander]] [[Stor]], [[Vardan]]s
writer= [[David Agnew]] (pseudonym for [[Anthony Read]] and [[Graham Williams]]) |
|setting= {{il|[[Gallifrey]]|[[The Doctor's TARDIS]]}}
director= [[Gerald Blake]] |
|writer= David Agnew (writer)
producer= [[Graham Williams]] |
|director= [[Gerald Blake]]  
broadcast date= [[4 February]] - [[11 March]] [[1978]] |
|producer= [[Graham Williams]]  
format= 6 25-minute Episodes |
|epcount = 6
production code= [[List of production codes|4Z]] |
|broadcast date= 4 February - 11 March 1978
previous story = [[Underworld]] |
|network = BBC1
next story = [[The Ribos Operation]]
|format= 6x25-minute episodes
}}'''''The Invasion of Time''''' was the sixth and final story of [[season 15]] of ''[[Doctor Who]]''. It was memorable for its extensive use of [[the TARDIS]] interior, as well as its additions to the mythology of [[Gallifrey]]. It featured the final appearances of [[Leela]] and [[K9 Mark I]] — though it also immediately implied that the Doctor was merely replacing K9 with [[K9 Mark II|a new model]].
|serial production code= [[List of production codes|4Z]]  
|prev = Underworld (TV story)
|next = The Ribos Operation (TV story)
|novelisation = Doctor Who and the Invasion of Time (novelisation)
|clip = A Premature Celebration - The Invasion of Time - Doctor Who - BBC
|thwr = 158}}
'''''The Invasion of Time''''' was the sixth and final serial of [[Season 15 (Doctor Who 1963)|season 15]] of ''[[Doctor Who]]''. It made extensive use of [[The Doctor's TARDIS|the TARDIS]] interior and added to the mythology of [[Gallifrey]]. It featured the final regular appearances of [[Louise Jameson]] as [[Leela]] as well as the final appearance of [[K9 Mark I]] — although it also immediately implied that the Doctor was merely replacing K9 with [[K9 Mark II|a new model]].


Its script was a last-minute replacement, quickly written by [[script editor]] [[Anthony Read]] and [[producer]] [[Graham Williams]] when the original season-ender by [[David Weir]] was abandoned. Contemporary viewers of the programme who participated in the [[Doctor Who Appreciation Society]]'s season 15 poll voted it the best story of the season. ([[REF]]: ''[[The Fourth Doctor Handbook]]'') Narratively, it established that [[Sontaran]]s were a major, credible threat to the [[Time Lord]]s, hence laying the groundwork for their knowledge of [[Gallifrey]]'s demise in ''[[The Sontaran Stratagem]]''.  
Its script was a last-minute replacement, written quickly by Read and Williams when the original season-ender by [[David Weir]] was abandoned. Contemporary viewers of the programme who participated in the [[Doctor Who Appreciation Society]]'s season 15 poll voted it the best story of the season. ([[REF]]: ''[[Doctor Who The Handbook: The Fourth Doctor|The Fourth Doctor Handbook]]'') Narratively, it established that [[Sontaran]]s were a major, credible threat to the [[Time Lord]]s, carrying through on a foreshadowing reference in their first appearance in ''[[The Time Warrior (TV story)|The Time Warrior]]''. It laid the groundwork for future Sontaran stories, including their pursuit of time travel in ''[[The Two Doctors (TV story)|The Two Doctors]]'' and their knowledge of [[Gallifrey]]'s demise in ''[[The Sontaran Stratagem (TV story)|The Sontaran Stratagem]]''.
 
The fact that Leela remains on Gallifrey with K9 Mark I and she appears to intend to marry [[Andred (The Invasion of Time)|Andred]] forms the basis for many [[Big Finish]] stories in both ''[[The Companion Chronicles]]'' and ''[[Gallifrey (audio series)|Gallifrey]]'' audio series. This story is also the ostensible link between ''Doctor Who'' and the Australian ''[[K9 (TV series)|K9]]'' series, since the K9 at the beginning of ''[[Regeneration (TV story)|Regeneration]]'' appears to be the Mark I, who then "regenerates" into the [[K9 Mark 2|model seen throughout that programme]].


== Synopsis ==
== Synopsis ==
[[Fourth Doctor|The Fourth Doctor]] returns to [[Gallifrey]], and his behaviour is somewhat unusual. He claims presidential rights and is inaugurated President. It soon turns out that he has led a group of aliens called [[Vardans]] to the planet, in order to eradicate them completely. After they are destroyed, the Sontarans take their opportunity and follow them in their invasion, before being destroyed by the Doctor.
[[Fourth Doctor|The Doctor]] returns to [[Gallifrey]], claims his rights and is crowned President. It soon turns out that he has led a group of aliens called [[Vardan]]s to the planet to eradicate them completely. After they are destroyed, the [[Sontaran]]s take their opportunity and follow them in their invasion until they are destroyed by the Doctor.


== Plot ==
== Plot ==
=== Episode one ===
=== Part one ===
The [[Fourth Doctor]] returns to [[Gallifrey]] after meeting a group of aliens in space, bringing [[Leela]] and [[K9 Mark I|K9]] with him. He is behaving very strangely and when the Chancellory Guard under their Commander, Andred, arrive at the Panopticon Chamber to interrogate him, the Doctor demands to be taken to Chancellor [[Borusa]], who is now in charge of the [[Time Lord]]s.  
[[File:Read before you sign.jpg|left|thumb|"I never sign anything before I've read it."]]
The [[Fourth Doctor]] meets a group of aliens in space and returns to [[Gallifrey]], bringing [[Leela]] and [[K9 Mark I|K9]] with him. He is behaving very strangely, and when the [[Chancellery Guard]] under their [[Commander]], [[Andred (The Invasion of Time)|Andred]], arrive at the [[Panopticon|Panopticon Chamber]] to interrogate him, the Doctor demands to be taken to Chancellor {{MacKay}}, who is now in charge of the [[Time Lord]]s.


[[File:Read before you sign.jpg|left|thumb|[[Fourth Doctor|The Doctor]] signs the [[Vardan|aliens]] agreement.]]The Doctor claims the vacant Presidency of Gallifrey having previously been a candidate and, after the [[The Deadly Assassin|demise of Chancellor Goth]], is now automatically elected. Under law this request cannot be refused. The aliens watch him keenly, stating that they have chosen well. The Doctor then chooses a Presidential chamber and asks it be decorated with [[lead]] lining throughout. Shortly afterward a ceremony is held to swear him in as President of Gallifrey and he is presented with the various trappings of office. However, when the circlet connecting him to the Matrix, repository of all Time Lord knowledge, is placed on his head, the Doctor collapses in pain.
The Doctor claims the vacant Presidency of Gallifrey, having been a candidate. After the demise of Chancellor Goth, he is elected automatically. The aliens watch him keenly, stating that they have chosen well. The Doctor chooses a presidential chamber and asks it be redecorated with [[lead]] lining throughout. Shortly afterward, a ceremony is held to swear him in as President of Gallifrey, and he is presented with the trappings of office. However, when [[Crown of Rassilon|the circlet]] connecting him to [[the Matrix]], repository of all Time Lord knowledge, is placed on his head, the Doctor collapses in pain...


=== Episode two ===
=== Part two ===
[[File:Break in.jpg|left|thumb|[[Leela]] attempts to break in.]]
[[File:FourthDoctorIOT1.jpg|thumb|The Doctor falling during his coronation as President.]]
The Doctor is taken to the Chancellory to rest and recover. When he regains consciousness he reminds the Time Lords that no aliens are allowed on Gallifrey and instructs that Leela be expelled from the Capitol Citadel, where she will have to fend in the wastelands.
The Doctor is taken to the [[Chancellery]] to rest and recover. When he regains consciousness, he reminds the Time Lords that no aliens are allowed on Gallifrey and instructs that Leela be expelled from the [[Capitol]] Citadel, where she will have to fend in the wastelands.


She tries to avoid banishment, but the Doctor insists as president. The Doctor now retreats to the [[The Doctor's TARDIS|TARDIS]] where he shares a secret plan with K9, but is obviously very concerned about the situation he has found himself in.
She tries to avoid banishment, but the Doctor insists as president. The Doctor retreats to [[The Doctor's TARDIS|the TARDIS]], where he shares a secret plan with K9. He is obviously very concerned about the situation in which he has found himself. Meanwhile, Leela meets [[Rodan]], and they find that a massive warship is moving towards Gallifrey.


He is planning to aid an invasion of Gallifrey itself and to this end sets about destroying the transduction barrier that defends the planet from external threat. K9 sets about this task while the Doctor returns to the Panopticon, the great hall of the Time Lords, and laughs cruelly as three alien beings start to materialise.
The Doctor is planning to aid an invasion of Gallifrey itself. To this end he sets about destroying the [[transduction barrier]] that shields the planet from external threat. K9 sets about this task while the Doctor returns to the Panopticon, the great hall of the Time Lords. He laughs cruelly as three alien beings start to materialise...


=== Episode three ===
=== Part three ===
[[File:Just over there.jpg|thumb|right|thumb|Leela and [[Rodan]] explore the wastes.]]
[[File:Just over there.jpg|thumb|right|Leela and [[Rodan]] explore the wastes.]]
The invading beings are known as Vardans. They appear as shimmering manifestations who made an alliance with the Doctor some time ago, and the Doctor advises the Time Lords, including the stubborn Borusa, to submit to their new and powerful masters. The Doctor then asks Borusa to meet him in his office, and when this happens the Doctor explains he has had the lead walls installed to prevent the Vardans entering the room on thought waves and reading his mind. He sent Leela away to protect her, he explains, and is now able to work with Borusa to defeat the Vardan threat.
The invading beings are known as [[Vardan]]s. They appear as shimmering manifestations who made an alliance with the Doctor some time ago. The Doctor advises the Time Lords, including the stubborn Borusa, to submit to their new and powerful masters. He asks Borusa to meet him in his office, where the Doctor explains he had the lead walls installed to prevent the Vardans entering the room on thought waves and reading his mind. He hadn't told the other Time Lords because their minds are too single-minded, and the Vardans would be able to hear them. He sent Leela away to protect her and can now work with Borusa to defeat the Vardan threat.


A new problem has emerged, however, with the ascendancy of the obsequious and compliant Castellan Kelner, who is being far too co-operative with the Vardan occupation. The toadying yet ambitious Castellan soon has Borusa placed under house arrest and starts a process of expelling trouble-making Time Lords from the safety of the Capitol.
A new problem has emerged, however, with the ascendancy of the obsequious and compliant [[Castellan]] [[Kelner]]. He is being far too co-operative with the Vardan occupation. The toadying yet ambitious Castellan soon has Borusa placed under house arrest and starts expelling trouble-making Time Lords from the safety of the Capitol.


Leela has meanwhile kept her faith in the Doctor and reasons that if he wishes her to leave the Capitol it is with good reason, so she departs for the wastelands. She is accompanied by Rodan, a Time Lady who previously maintained the transduction barrier. They are welcomed warily by a tribe of outsiders who have rejected Time Lord society and live in the wastelands. Their leader, Nesbin, explains some of the background to his tribe. Back in the Capitol, however, things are looking grim for the Doctor when Andred corners him and decides to execute him in the name of liberty.
Leela has kept her faith in the Doctor. She decides that if he wishes her to leave the Capitol it is with good reason, so she departs for the wastelands. She is accompanied by Rodan. They are welcomed warily by a tribe of [[Outsider]]s who have rejected Time Lord society and live in the wastelands. Their leader, [[Nesbin]], explains some of the background to his tribe. Back in the Capitol, however, things are looking grim for the Doctor when Andred corners him and decides to execute him in the name of liberty...


=== Episode four ===
=== Part four ===
[[File:Matrix.jpg|left|thumb|The Doctor consults [[the Matrix]].]]
[[File:Matrix.jpg|left|thumb|The Doctor consults [[the Matrix]].]]
K9 helps the Doctor overpower Andred, and then explains the danger and abilities of the Vardans to Andred, with his TARDIS providing a shield to his thoughts. The Doctor is hoping to persuade the Vardans to reveal their true form so that he can time loop their planet. Leela has also organised her own resistance movement in the wastelands, comprising Nesbin’s people and the exiled Time Lords, all of whom are drilled into a fighting force which soon launches an assault on the Capitol.
K9 helps the Doctor overpower Andred. The Doctor explains the danger and abilities of the Vardans to Andred, with his TARDIS providing a shield to his thoughts. The Doctor is hoping to persuade the Vardans to fully materialise so that he can find their planet and [[time loop]] it. Leela has also organised her own resistance movement in the wastelands, comprising Nesbin's people and the exiled Time Lords, all of whom are drilled into a fighting force which soon launches an assault on the Capitol.


The aliens and Kelner have meanwhile decided the Doctor is behaving in an untrustworthy manner. The Doctor reaffirms his loyalty to them by agreeing to dismantle the final force field protecting Gallifrey from attack. He does not fully disable it, but rather places a large hole in it. The Vardans use the hole to properly invade Gallifrey and appear as humanoid warriors. Their manifestation enables K9 to track down their home planet and supply the Doctor with the correct co-ordinates.
Meanwhile, the aliens and Kelner have decided the Doctor is behaving in an untrustworthy manner. The Doctor reaffirms his loyalty to them by agreeing to dismantle the final [[force field]] protecting Gallifrey from attack. He does not fully disable it, but rather places a large hole in it. The Vardans use the hole to properly invade Gallifrey and appear as humanoid warriors. In space, a ship approaches Gallifrey. Their manifestation enables K9 to track down their home planet and supply the Doctor with the correct co-ordinates.


He uses this to beam the Vardans back to their home world and then traps it in a time loop. At about the same time Leela and her warriors reach the Panopticon, but celebrations are short-lived when a [[Sontaran]] warrior appears in the chamber.
[[File:Gallifrey (The Invasion of Time, Part IV).jpg|right|thumb|A spaceship approaches Gallifrey.]]
He uses this to beam the Vardans back to [[Varda|their home world]] and then traps it in a [[time loop]] at the same time Leela and her warriors reach the Panopticon.


=== Episode five ===
When the Doctor is giving a celebratory speech to everyone in the Panopticon, everyone but the Doctor becomes silent, while the Doctor looks confused. Looking behind him, he sees three [[Sontaran]] soldiers. The leader raises his gun...
[[File:Kelner and Stor.jpg|right|thumb|[[Kelner]] and [[Stor]] talk.]]
Gallifrey has now been invaded by the Sontarans, led by Commander Stor, who finds Kelner ever ready to pledge support, even if the other Time Lords remain resistant. The Doctor and his party escape and the Doctor uses his freedom to try and pressure Borusa into revealing to him the location of the [[Great Key of Rassilon]], a missing item of the Presidential regalia. They then regroup at the TARDIS where Rodan is put to work using the TARDIS’ controls to repair the hole in the forcefield. However, Kelner imperils their resistance when he manipulates the stabiliser banks of the Doctor’s TARDIS to try and destroy the resistance force within by hurling them to the heart of a Black Star.


=== Episode six ===
=== Part five ===
[[File:The One and Only...DEMAT GUN!!.jpg|left|thumb|The Doctor presents the [[De-mat Gun]].]]
Gallifrey has now been invaded by the Sontarans, led by Commander [[Stor]], who reveal that they used the Vardans to open up the force field to let them in and have served their purpose. The Doctor and his party escape to the President's office, while Kelner pledges support to the invaders. Borusa has placed [[titanium]] alloy on the door to reinforce it. The Sontarans are delayed while the Doctor and his party escape through another exit.
The Doctor manages to override the threat, so their enemies change tack. The Sontarans, assisted by Castellan Kelner, gain access to the Doctor's TARDIS and try to hunt down the President and his friends, pursuing them through the labyrinthine corridors. Stor is after the Great Key too, knowing the Doctor has now persuaded Borusa to yield it to him. The Doctor uses distractions to buy time while Leela and the outsiders kill the remaining Sontaran troopers. On the Doctor’s instruction, a hypnotised Rodan and K9 construct a special forbidden Time Lord weapon: the Demat Gun. Powered by the Great Key itself, the [[De-mat Gun]] erases its victims from time itself. The Doctor takes the Gun and confronts Stor in the Panopticon. Stor intends to destroy the [[Eye of Harmony]] with a bomb, but the blast is cancelled out by the Doctor with the Demat Gun which obliterates Stor, wipes the Doctor’s mind of recent events, and also destroys itself. Kelner is arrested and Borusa begins the process of rebuilding Gallifrey.


The Doctor is ready to leave, but Leela decides to stay on Gallifrey because she has fallen in love with Commander Andred, leader of the Chancellory Guards. K9 decides to stay behind to look after Leela, and they both watch as the TARDIS dematerialises. Inside the TARDIS the Doctor pushes out a box labelled "K9 MII." He then grins mischievously to the camera.
The Doctor uses his freedom to try to pressure Borusa into revealing to him the location of the [[Great Key of Rassilon]], a missing item of the Presidential regalia. On the way back to the TARDIS, Nesbin is killed by a Sontaran. The Doctor looks for the Great Key in a large group of keys, and Borusa pulls it out of a drawer keyhole. Meanwhile, the Sontarans have been trying to get Kelner to widen the gap in the force field.
 
They then regroup at the TARDIS where Rodan is put to work using the TARDIS's controls to repair the hole in the force field, while the Doctor explains that the Sontarans want domination over all universes and all time. However, Kelner imperils their resistance when he manipulates the stabiliser banks of the Doctor's TARDIS to try to destroy the resistance force within by hurling them to the heart of a [[black star]]...
 
=== Part six ===
[[File:The One and Only...DEMAT GUN!!.jpg|right|thumb|The Doctor presents the [[De-mat Gun|de-mat gun]].]]
The Doctor overrides the threat, so their enemies change tactics. Commander Stor and one of his troopers, assisted by Castellan Kelner, gain access to the Doctor's TARDIS. They pursue the Doctor and his friends through the labyrinth of corridors. Stor is after the Great Key too, knowing the Doctor has now persuaded Borusa to yield it to him. The Doctor uses distractions to buy time. On the Doctor's instruction, a hypnotised Rodan and K9 construct a special forbidden Time Lord weapon: the [[De-mat Gun]]. Powered by the Great Key itself, the de-mat gun erases its victims from time itself. The Doctor takes the gun and confronts Stor in the Panopticon. Stor intends to destroy the galaxy, and the Time Lords and Sontarans with it, with a grenade, but the blast is cancelled out by the Doctor using the de-mat gun. It obliterates Stor, wipes the Doctor's mind of recent events, and also destroys itself. Kelner is arrested and Borusa begins the process of rebuilding Gallifrey.
 
The Doctor is ready to leave, but Leela decides to stay on Gallifrey because she has fallen in love with Commander Andred. K9 decides to stay behind to look after Leela, and they both watch as the TARDIS dematerialises. Inside the TARDIS, the Doctor pushes out a box labelled "K9 MII." He grins mischievously.


== Cast ==
== Cast ==
* [[Fourth Doctor|The Doctor]] - [[Tom Baker]]
* [[Fourth Doctor|Doctor Who]] - [[Tom Baker]]
* [[Leela]] - [[Louise Jameson]]
* [[Leela]] - [[Louise Jameson]]
* [[Vardan]]s - [[Stan McGowan]], [[Tom Kelly]]
* [[Andred (The Invasion of Time)|Andred]] - [[Christopher Tranchell]]
* [[Kelner]] - [[Milton Johns]]
* {{MacKay}} - [[John Arnatt]]
* Lord [[Gomer]] - [[Dennis Edwards]]
* Lord [[Savar]] - [[Reginald Jessup]]
* [[Gold Usher (The Invasion of Time)|Gold Usher]] - [[Charles Morgan]]
* Voice of [[K9 Mark I|K9]] - [[John Leeson]]
* Voice of [[K9 Mark I|K9]] - [[John Leeson]]
* [[Andred]] - [[Christopher Tranchell]]
* [[Guard (The Invasion of Time)|Guard]] - [[Christopher Christou]]
* [[Borusa]] - [[John Arnatt]]
* [[Rodan]] - [[Hilary Ryan]]
* [[Ablif]] - [[Ray Callaghan]]
* [[Ablif]] - [[Ray Callaghan]]
* [[Rodan]] - [[Hilary Ryan]]
* [[Jasko]] - [[Michael Mundell]]
* [[Varn (The Invasion of Time)|Bodyguard]] - [[Michael Harley]]
* [[Nesbin]] - [[Max Faulkner]]
* [[Presta]] - [[Gai Smith]]
* [[Castellan guard|Castellan Guard]] - [[Eric Danot]]
* [[Stor]] - [[Derek Deadman]]
* [[Stor]] - [[Derek Deadman]]
* [[Sontaran]] - [[Stuart Fell]]
* [[Sontaran]] - [[Stuart Fell]]
* [[Vardan]] - [[Stan McGowan]]
 
* [[Vardan]] - [[Tom Kelly]]
=== Uncredited cast ===
* [[Presidential Bodyguard]] - [[Michael Harley]]
* Vardan - [[Julian Hudson]] ([[DWMS Holiday 1992]])
* [[Castellan Guard (The Invasion of Time)|Castellan Guard]] - [[Eric Danot]]
* [[Gold Usher (The Invasion of Time)|Gold Usher]] - [[Charles Morgan]]
* [[Guard (The Invasion of Time)|Guard]] - [[Christopher Christou]]
* [[Jasko]] - [[Michael Mundell]]
* [[Kelner|Castellan Kelner]] - [[Milton Johns]]
* [[Gomer|Lord Gomer]] - [[Dennis Edwards]]
* [[Savar|Lord Savar]] - [[Reginald Jessup]]
* [[Nesbin]] - [[Max Faulkner]]
* [[Presta]] - [[Gai Smith|Gay Smith]]


== Crew ==
== Crew ==
* [[Assistant Floor Manager]] - [[Terry Winders]], [[Romey Allison]]
* [[Writer]] - [[David Agnew (writer)|David Agnew]]
* [[Costumes]] - [[Dee Kelly]]
* [[Designer (crew)|Designer]] - [[Barbara Gosnold]]
* [[Film Cameraman]] - [[Ken Westbury]]
* [[Film Editor]] - [[Chris Wimble]]
* [[Incidental Music]] - [[Dudley Simpson]]
* [[Incidental Music]] - [[Dudley Simpson]]
* [[Make-Up]] - [[Maureen Winslade]]
* OB Cameraman - [[David Goutier]], [[Alan Hayward]]
* [[Producer]] - [[Graham Williams]]
* [[Production Assistant]] - [[Colin Dudley]]
* [[Production Assistant]] - [[Colin Dudley]]
* [[Production Unit Manager]] - [[John Nathan-Turner]]
* [[Production Unit Manager]] - [[John Nathan-Turner]]
* [[Studio Lighting]] - [[Mike Jefferies]]
* [[Studio Sound]] - [[Anthony Philpott|Anthony Philpot]]
* [[O.B. lighting|O.B. Lighting]] - [[John Sterling]]
* [[O.B. sound|O. B. Sound]] - [[Ian Leiper]]
* [[Visual effects designer|Visual Effects Designers]] - [[Colin Mapson]], [[Richard Conway]]
* [[Special sounds|Special Sound]] - [[Dick Mills]]
* [[Costume designer|Costume Designer]] - [[Dee Kelly]]
* [[Make-up artist|Make-up Artist]] - [[Maureen Winslade]]
* [[Script Editor]] - [[Anthony Read]]
* [[Script Editor]] - [[Anthony Read]]
* [[Special Sounds]] - [[Dick Mills]]
* [[Designer (crew)|Designer]] - [[Barbara Gosnold]]
* [[Studio Lighting]] - [[Mike Jefferies]]
* [[Producer]] - [[Graham Williams]]
* [[Studio Sound]] - [[Anthony Philpott]]
* [[Director (crew)|Director]] - [[Gerald Blake]]
* [[Theme Arrangement]] - [[Delia Derbyshire]]
* [[Film Cameraman]] - [[Ken Westbury]]
* [[Doctor Who theme|Title Music]] - [[Ron Grainer]]
* [[Film sound|Film Recordist]] - [[Graham Hare]]
* [[Visual Effects]] - [[Colin Mapson]], [[Richard Conway]]
* [[Film Editor]] - [[Chris Wimble]]
* [[Doctor Who theme|Title Music]] - [[Ron Grainer]] and the [[BBC Radiophonic Workshop]]
* [[Title sequence|Title Sequence]] - [[Bernard Lodge]]


== References ==
=== Uncredited crew ===
* [[Costume assistant|Costume Assistants]] - [[Dennis Brack]], [[Terrance Parker]], [[Richard Winter]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Graphics]] - [[Elizabeth Freeman]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Design assistant|Design Assistant]] - [[Bob Steer]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Costume dresser|Dressers]] - [[Sheila Parkinson]], [[Mervin Bezar]], [[Michael Chard]], [[Steve Cornish]], [[Mark Creed]], [[Tony Mannings]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Grams operator|Grams Operator]] - [[Gerry Borrows|Jerry Borrows]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Floor assistant|Floor Assistants]] - [[Renny Tasker]], [[Sue Williams]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Technical manager|Technical Manager]] - [[Errol Ryan]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[O.B. lighting|O.B. Lighting]] - [[Tommy Thomas]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Film camera assistant|Film Camera Assistant]] - [[John Sennett]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Electronic effects|Electronic Effects]] - [[Dave Chapman]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Vision Mixer]] - [[Shirley Coward]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Props buyer|Props Buyer]] - [[Brenda Barker]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Film operations manager|Film Operations Manager]] - [[Ian Brindle]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Film operative|Film Operatives]] - [[John Francis]], [[Alan Twine]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Grip]]s - [[Roy Caney]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Engineering co-ordinator|Engineering Co-Ordinators]] - [[Trevor Gibbs]], [[Bob Newton]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[OB engineering manager|OB Engineering Manager]] - [[Bob Wade]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Make-up assistant|Make-Up Assistants]] - [[Norma Hill]], [[Vicky Pocock]], [[Vanessa Poulton]], [[Karen Sherrie-Morton]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Visual effects assistant|Effects Assistant]] - [[Chris Lawson]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Senior cameraman|Senior Cameraman]] - [[Jim Atkinson]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[OB cameraman|OB Cameramen]] - [[David Goutier]], [[Alan Hayward]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Film sound assistant|Film Sound Assistant]] - [[Patrick Quirke]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')
* [[Director's assistant|Director's Assistant]] - [[Joy Sinclair]] ([[INFO]]: ''The Invasion of Time'')


=== [[:Category:Gallifreyan artefacts|Gallifreyan artefacts]] ===
== Worldbuilding ==
* The [[Sash of Rassilon]], The [[Rod of Rassilon]], [[The Great Key]] and The [[Crown of Rassilon]] are all [[Artefacts of Rassilon]] given to a Gallifreyan President when they're elected.
=== Gallifreyan artefacts ===
* The Time Lords call their time machines not TARDISES, or even SIDRATS, but 'time capsules'.
* The [[Sash of Rassilon]], the [[Rod of Rassilon]], [[the Great Key]] and the [[Crown of Rassilon]] are all Artefacts of Rassilon given to a Gallifreyan President when he is elected.


=== [[:Category:Gallifreyan culture|Gallifreyan culture]] ===
=== Gallifreyan weapons ===
* Those who live outside the Citadel are the [[Outsider]]s.
* [[Iridium alloy]] is used in the construction of the de-mat gun.


=== [[:Category:Gallifreyan locations|Gallifreyan locations]] ===
=== History From the real world ===
* The [[Capitol]] is a part of the [[Citadel]].
* The Doctor tells Borusa that he had "nothing to do with" the sinking of the ''[[Titanic]]''. However, several of his later incarnations would indeed find themselves on the ship, including [[Ninth Doctor]] who apparently "ended up clinging to [the] iceberg", commentating that "it wasn't half cold." ([[TV]]: ''[[The End of the World (TV story)|The End of the World]]'')


=== [[:Category:Gallifreyan weapons|Gallifreyan weapons]] ===
=== K9 ===
* The Doctor has [[Rodan]] and K9 build the [[De-mat Gun]], powered by [[The Great Key]]. [[Iridium alloy]] is used in the construction of the de-mat gun.
* Whilst in the TARDIS, the Doctor offers K9 a [[ball bearing]].
* Gallifrey is protected by the [[Transduction barrier]].


=== [[:Category:K9|K9]] ===
=== Literature from the real world ===
* Whilst in the TARDIS the Doctor offers K9 his [[jelly baby]] bag asking ''"[[ball bearing]]?"''.
* Borusa reads a copy of the ''[[Daily Mirror]]'' from [[1912]].


=== [[:Category:Planets|Planets]] and [[:Category:Timeline|Timeline]] ===
=== Music from the real world ===
* The Doctor discusses [[Quasar Five]], [[Riga]], [[Sinian Empire]] second dynasty and [[Earth]] 073 period architecture with Kelner.
* The Doctor whistles the [[Colonel Bogey March]].


=== [[:Category:Psychic powers|Psychic powers]] ===
=== Planets and timeline ===
* Borusa taught the Doctor [[telepathy]].
* The Doctor discusses [[Quasar Five]], [[Riga (The Invasion of Time)|Riga]], [[Simian Empire]] second dynasty and [[Earth]] 073 period architecture with Kelner.
* A [[Thessorian Empire]] is mentioned.


=== [[:Category:Species|Species]] ===
=== Psychic powers ===
* The Vardans can travel along any broadcast wavelength and are [[telepathic]]. Their planet has the co-ordinates 3052 alpha 7, 14th span.
* Borusa taught the Doctor advanced techniques of [[telepathy]].


=== [[:Category:Spacecraft|Spacecraft]] ===
=== Spacecraft ===
* The Vardans and the Sontarans approach Gallifrey in a [[Sontaran Assault ship]].
* The Vardans and the Sontarans approach Gallifrey in a [[Sontaran assault ship]].
 
=== [[:Category:Time Lords|Time Lords]] ===
* When a [[Time Lord]] becomes [[Lord President]] they gain access to [[the Matrix]].


== Story notes ==
== Story notes ==
* Leela remains on Gallifrey in the conclusion of this story. This was Louise Jameson's final ongoing onscreen appearance; she reprised the role in ''[[Dimensions in Time]]'' and later in the [[Big Finish Productions]] ''[[Gallifrey (audio series)|Gallifrey]]'' series of audio dramas.
* Even though [[Louise Jameson]] was adamant that this would be her last story and [[Romana|a new companion]] had been developed, [[Graham Williams]] remained optimistic that he could persuade her to stay. As such, he gave little thought to Leela's departure because he was anticipating a last-minute rewrite to retain her. He tried to persuade right up to the studio recording, until it turned out that she'd accepted a stage role (Portia in a production of Shakespeare’s ''The Merchant of Venice''), meaning that she couldn't appear in [[Season 16 (Doctor Who 1963)|Season 16]] anyway. This resulted in Leela's exit being abrupt, much to Jameson's displeasure.
* Leela's romance with Andred is undeveloped in the story. Jameson was invited to continue her role. She was unsure whether she would stay until the end of recording, so a plot device had to be ready to allow her to stay on Gallifrey.
* The Sontarans return in this story, making it their third appearance on TV and their last (save flashbacks) until ''[[The Two Doctors (TV story)|The Two Doctors]]''.
* The Sontarans return in this story, making it their third appearance on TV and their last (save flashbacks) until [[DW]]: ''[[The Two Doctors]]''.
* [[Stan McGowan]] (Vardan) is credited as "Vardan Leader" in ''Radio Times''.
* This story had a working title of '''The Invaders of Time'''.
* [[Christopher Tranchell]] (Andred) has his first name billed as "Christopher" on-screen for parts one and two; and as "Chris" on-screen for parts three to six, and in ''Radio Times'' for all episodes.
* [[Rodan]] is the first female Gallifreyan to appear on screen since [[Susan Foreman]] more than a decade earlier.
* [[Rodan]] is the first female Gallifreyan to appear on screen since [[Susan Foreman]] more than a decade earlier.
* Other than K9 Mk II, The Doctor is without companions at the end of the story, making the period between this story and the next ([[The Ribos Operation]]), one of the few plausible spots during the show's run which allows for placement of any number of additional Doctor Who stories in literature, audio, or comics.
* According to ''[[Into the Unknown (documentary)|Into the Unknown]]'', a featurette on the DVD release of the preceding story, ''[[Underworld (TV story)|Underworld]]'', the budget on that story was so tight consideration was given to cancelling it and allotting the story's budget to ''The Invasion of Time''.
* According to ''Into the Unknown'', a featurette on the DVD release of the preceding story, ''[[Underworld]]'', the budget on that story was so tight consideration was given to cancelling it and allotting the story's budget to ''The Invasion of Time''.
* This story provides one of the most extensive views of the interior of the TARDIS ever provided on television. As in ''[[The Masque of Mandragora (TV story)|The Masque of Mandragora]]'', the deep TARDIS interior is shown to be an eclectic combination of rooms with highly variable designs, such as an indoor swimming pool and an industrial building. The interior TARDIS became much more homogenised after this. In the [[John Nathan-Turner]] era, the TARDIS interior greatly resembled the [[TARDIS console room|console room]], with white, [[roundel]]ed walls throughout. ([[TV]]: ''[[Castrovalva (TV story)|Castrovalva]]'', et al.) Such an extensive exploration of the TARDIS interior would not be undertaken again until the 2013 television story ''[[Journey to the Centre of the TARDIS (TV story)|Journey to the Centre of the TARDIS]]''.
* This story provides one of the most extensive views of the interior of the TARDIS ever provided in the original series (or the revival), although rather than following the established white-and-roundel designs in place since 1963, much of the inside strongly resembled Earth locations such as an indoor swimming pool and an industrial building. The traditional designs returned the next time viewers were given a major "tour" in [[DW]]: ''[[Castrovalva (TV story)|Castrovalva]]''.
* This story replaced the cancelled ''[[Killers of the Dark]]'' story.
* Allowing [[human]]s on Gallifrey is possibly no longer a problem as The Doctor doesn't get in trouble for bringing Leela, who is a descendant of a human, to Gallifrey, while he claimed that Sarah Jane couldn't come with him due to human's not being allowed on Gallifrey. ''The Doctor does have Leela expelled after he is invested (in part 2), allowing her to bring the Outsiders to his assistance (in part 4). In part 2:''
* Working titles for this story included ''The Invaders of Time''.<ref>http://www.shannonsullivan.com/doctorwho/serials/4z.html</ref>
** ''The Doctor: What's she doing here?''
* Leela was supposed to be killed off in this episode, dying defending the Doctor against the Sontarans. Ultimately, [[Graham Williams]] and [[Anthony Read]] felt that this would traumatise children. [[Louise Jameson]] would have much preferred this exit, as she was unhappy with the one she got.
** ''Leela: You brought me here.''
* [[Robert Holmes]] was supposed to write this story, but he declined, not wanting to return to the series having just left his post as script editor. He did suggest that the first four episodes focus on Gallifrey and the last two feature the Sontarans.
** ''The Doctor: Impossible! No aliens are allowed in here.''
* Initially, it was revealed that the Time Lords were not native Gallifreyans, but rather had been permitted to construct their Citadel there in return for ensuring that the planet's populace lived in total comfort and security. It was these indigenous Gallifreyans that Leela met following her banishment.
* This story replaced the cancelled "[[Killers of the Dark]]" story.
* The Doctor's actions as President originally threw the Time Lords into open civil war, and part two ended with several rebellious Time Lords threatening to execute the Doctor (much as Andred does in the part three cliffhanger of the finished serial).
 
* The Vardans were originally going to betray the Doctor, ordering his annihilation at the close of part three.
* [[Angus MacKay]] was unable to reprise his role as {{Arnatt}} from ''[[The Deadly Assassin (TV story)|The Deadly Assassin]]'', so [[John Arnatt]] took over. The character’s two subsequent appearances would also see different actors in the role: [[Leonard Sachs]] ([[Arc of Infinity (TV story)|Arc of Infinity]]) and [[Philip Latham]] ([[The Five Doctors (TV story)|The Five Doctors]]).
* [[Graham Williams]] loved the Sontarans, hence their reappearance.
* [[Gerald Blake]] had previously directed ''[[The Abominable Snowmen (TV story)|The Abominable Snowmen]]''. He recalled chastising a typically badly behaved [[Tom Baker]] by saying, "I remember when you were [[Patrick Troughton]]".
* Following the troubled shoot, [[Graham Williams]] sent a memo to his superiors that in future, all directors would take the show seriously.
* The closing credits of parts three, four, and six feature the return of the section of the ''Doctor Who'' theme commonly called the "Middle Eight", this sequence not having been heard since the early [[Jon Pertwee]] era.
* The production team considered writing K9 out of the show altogether at the end of the serial due to the technical problems caused by the prop.
* In rehearsals, [[Louise Jameson]] and [[Christopher Tranchell]] tried to introduce additional moments of tenderness between Leela and Andred in order to make Leela's exit more credible.
* [[Roger Murray-Leach]] was supposed to work as production designer in order to maintain continuity with ''[[The Deadly Assassin (TV story)|The Deadly Assassin]]'', but he was unavailable. [[Barbara Gosnold]] took his place.
* [[Graham Williams]] was unhappy with [[Derek Deadman]]'s choice of accent for Commander Stor, and the actor refused to heed the producer's request to modify it.
* The giant plant which consumed the Sontaran trooper inspired [[Tom Baker]] to suggest that his next companion should be a talking [[cabbage]], to whom he could explain the plot as it perched on the Doctor's shoulder.
* [[Graham Williams]] suggested the alias “Richard Thomas”, after his young son, but Head of Serials [[Graeme MacDonald]] requested that “David Agnew” receive the credit. This was a ''nom de plume'' used on a variety of BBC programmes dating back to 1971, and would be used again for the [[Douglas Adams]]/Graham Williams rewrite of [[David Fisher (writer)|David Fisher]]’s ''The Gamble With Time'', which was broadcast under the title [[City of Death (TV story)|''City of Death'']].
* [[Graham Williams]] had planned for [[Season 16 (Doctor Who 1963)|Season 16]] to explore more of the TARDIS interior. He used that idea in this serial.
=== Ratings ===
=== Ratings ===
* Part 1 - 11.2 million viewers
* Part one - 11.2 million viewers
* Part 2 - 11.4 million viewers
* Part two - 11.4 million viewers
* Part 3 - 9.5 million viewers
* Part three - 9.5 million viewers
* Part 4 - 10.9 million viewers
* Part four - 10.9 million viewers
* Part 5 - 10.3 million viewers
* Part five - 10.3 million viewers
* Part 6 - 9.8 million viewers
* Part six - 9.8 million viewers


=== Myths ===
=== Myths ===
Line 179: Line 232:
{{discontinuity}}
{{discontinuity}}
* When the Doctor hops down the corridor in part two, he knocks the camera as he goes past.
* When the Doctor hops down the corridor in part two, he knocks the camera as he goes past.
* When the Doctor is on the spaceship at the beginning of the story, he has his hat and [[The Doctor's scarf|scarf]] with him but when he enters the TARDIS, they are on the hat stand, and not with the Doctor.
* When the Doctor is on the spaceship at the beginning of the story, he has his hat and [[The Doctor's scarf|scarf]] with him but when he enters the TARDIS, they are on the hatstand, and not being worn by the Doctor.
* During a chase sequence within the "bathroom" of the TARDIS, a Sontaran is seen tripping over a chair.
* In one scene there is a dirt mark one side of the Doctor's face, but in the next scene it is on the other side of his face.
* In one scene there is a dirt mark one side of the Doctor's face, but in the next scene it is on the other side of his face.
* In the end scene of Part 4 Commander Stor holds his gun between his fingers, but at the start of Part 5 his grip is different.
* In the end scene of part four Commander Stor holds his gun between his fingers, but at the start of part five his grip is different.
* In Part 5 you can clearly see that the TARDIS console is made of wood.
* In part five, when Commander Stor is attempting to get Kelner to widen the gap in the Citadel's force field, the mesh in his helmet's eye holes is missing, leaving his actual eyes clearly visible.
* One of K9's ears gets knocked off centre.
* When K9 blasts the guard protecting the transduction barrier equipment, the guard drops his staser as he falls, and the gun breaks apart as it hits the floor.
* The Sontaran costumes were cumbersome and limited the field of vision of the actors wearing them, so much so that they are often seen tripping through and over props. At one point, a Sontaran (played by [[Stuart Fell]]) nearly takes a fall after missing a short jump and landing on a pool chair. As the aliens originate on a planet of notably high gravity, however, their clumsiness is easily explained.


== Continuity ==
== Continuity ==
* The [[First Doctor]] previously encountered the Vardans in [[CC]]: ''[[The First Wave]]''.
* Andred uses the term "[[Relative Time]]", which previously appeared in [[TV]]: {{cs|Genesis of the Daleks (TV story)}}.
* The [[Fifth Doctor]] asks after Leela during his next visit to Gallifrey. ([[DW]]: ''[[Arc of Infinity (TV story)|Arc of Infinity]]'')
* The Doctor assuming the Presidency is a direct consequence of putting himself up for the position as a ploy during a previous trip to Gallifrey. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Deadly Assassin (TV story)|The Deadly Assassin]]'')
* The Vardans reappear in [[NA]]: ''[[No Future]]'' and [[NA]]: ''[[Return of the Living Dad]]''.
* The Doctor brings Leela to Gallifrey, although he had previously shown reluctance to bring an outsider there. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Hand of Fear (TV story)|The Hand of Fear]]'')
* In [[NA]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Genesys]]'', the [[Seventh Doctor]] receives a message from his past self, sent during this story.
* Leela complains about the lack of her [[janis thorn]]s. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Face of Evil (TV story)|The Face of Evil]]'' et al.)
* Leela and K9 re-meet the Doctor in [[NA]]: ''[[Lungbarrow]]'' and [[BFA]]: ''[[Zagreus (audio story)|Zagreus]]''.
* Lord Savar is mentioned in [[EDA]]: ''[[Seeing I]]'' and seen in [[PDA]]: ''[[The Infinity Doctors]]''.
* The Doctor assuming the Presidency is a direct consequence of putting himself up for the position as a ploy in [[DW]]: ''[[The Deadly Assassin]]''.
* The Doctor is again offered the Presidency (and accepts, though reluctantly and evasively) in [[DW]]: ''[[The Five Doctors]]''.
* Gallifrey is invaded again in [[BFA]]: ''[[The Apocalypse Element]]''.
* [[Melanie Bush]] refers to the pool as having been jetisoned at some point prior to [[DW]]: ''[[Paradise Towers (TV story)|Paradise Towers]]''. It has been replaced in time for [[DW]]:''[[The Eleventh Hour]]'' and [[DW]]:''[[Amy's Choice]]''. It is later used to catch River Song after she leaped off a skyskraper in ''[[Day of the Moon]]'' and was deleted from the TARDIS in ''[[The Doctor's Wife]]''
* The Doctor decides to have the President's quarters redecorated in 20th century Earth style, declaring that he has become used to it (A veiled reference to either the Doctor's exile to 20th century Earth, or the fact that many of his adventures have taken place in that era).
 
== Timeline ==
* This story occurs after [[VD]]: ''[[People of the Trees]]''
* This story occurs before [[TVC]]: ''[[The Snow Devils]]''


== Home video and audio releases ==
== Home video and audio releases ==
=== DVD releases ===
=== DVD releases ===
* Region 2 (PAL) [[5 May]] [[2008]]
* Region 2 (PAL) [[5 May (releases)|5 May]] [[2008 (releases)|2008]]
* Region 4 (PAL) [[3 July (releases)|3 July]] 2008
* Region 1 (NTSC) [[2 September (releases)|2 September]] 2008


* Region 4 (PAL) [[3 July]] [[2008]]
==== Special features ====
 
* Commentary by [[Louise Jameson]] ([[Leela]]), [[John Leeson]] ([[K9 Mark I|K-9]]), [[Anthony Read]] (Writer) and [[Mat Irvine]] (Visual Effects Designer)
* Region 1 (NTSC) [[2 September]] [[2008]]
* ''[[Out of Time (documentary)|Out of Time]]'' - The cast and crew look back at the making of this story, featuring [[Christopher Tranchell|Chris Tranchell]] ([[Andred]]), [[Milton Johns]] ([[Kelner|Castellan Kelner]]) and [[Colin Mapson]] (Visual Effects Designer)
 
* ''[[The Rise and Fall of Gallifrey (documentary)|The Rise and Fall of Gallifrey]]'' - A look at how the portrayal of the [[Time Lord]]s and [[Gallifrey|their home planet]] has changed over the years
Bonus features:
* ''[[The Elusive David Agnew (documentary)|The Elusive David Agnew]]'' - Script editors [[Terrance Dicks]] and Anthony Read try to find out who really wrote ''The Invasion of Time'' (in actuality, "David Agnew" was a house pseudonym used by several ''[[Doctor Who]]'' writers)
** Commentary:[[Louise Jameson]], [[John Leeson]], [[Anthony Read]] and [[Mat Irvine]]
* Deleted Scenes - From the film sequences for Parts Five and Six
** [[Out of Time (documentary)|Out of Time]]: the making of this story.
* Optional CGI effects - New CGI effects to accompany this story
** CGI effects: new CGI effects to accompany this story.
* Continuity - [[BBC One|BBC1]] continuity announcements from 1978
** [[The Elusive David Agnew]]: a feature on the writer (who is, in fact, a house pseudonym used by several Doctor Who writers)
* ''[[Radio Times]]'' Billings - Artwork and articles for this story from the ''Radio Times'' (PDF DVD-ROM)
** [[The Rise and Fall of Gallifrey]]: a feature on the planet of the [[Time Lord]]s.
* Photo Gallery - A selection of rare production photos from this story
** Deleted Scenes: scenes removed from this story.
* Coming Soon Trailer - ''[[K9 Tales]]''
** Continuity Compilation: continuity announcements from the [[BBC]].
* Production Information Subtitles
** [[Radio Times]] billings: artwork and articles for this story from the Radio Times.
* [[Easter Egg]]: Bonus interview in which Visual Effects Designer Colin Mapson discusses the [[Crown of Rassilon]]. To access this hidden feature, press left at ''Radio Times'' Listings on Disc Two to reveal a hidden ''Doctor Who'' logo.
** Photo Gallery: a selection of rare production photos from this story.
** Coming Soon: a preview of the [[K9 Tales]] Box set.


Notes:
Notes:
* Editing for DVD release completed by [[Doctor Who Restoration Team]].
* Editing for the DVD release was completed by the [[Doctor Who Restoration Team]].


<gallery hideaddbutton="true" widths="120">
<gallery position="center" captionalign="center" hideaddbutton="true" widths="180">
file:The Invasion of Time DVD UK cover.jpg|DVD Region 2 UK cover
File:The Invasion of Time DVD UK cover.jpg|DVD Region 2 UK cover
file:The Invasion of Time DVD Australian cover.jpg|DVD Region 4 Australian cover
File:The Invasion of Time DVD Australian cover.jpg|DVD Region 4 Australian cover
file:The Invasion of Time DVD US cover.jpg|DVD Region 1 US cover
File:The Invasion of Time DVD US cover.jpg|DVD Region 1 US cover
</gallery>
</gallery>


==== Boxed set release ====
==== Boxed set release ====
This story was released in the [[Bred for War]] DVD boxset on [[5 May]] alongside all the classic series Sontaran stories (The Time Warrior, The Sontaran Experiment, The Invasion Of Time and The Two Doctors). The DVD is the same as the one sold seperately. Released [[8 July]] in [[Australia]].
This story was re-released in the ''[[Bred for War]]'' DVD boxset on [[5 May (releases)|5 May]] alongside all the classic series Sontaran stories (''[[The Time Warrior (TV story)|The Time Warrior]]'', ''[[The Sontaran Experiment (TV story)|The Sontaran Experiment]]'', ''[[The Invasion of Time (TV story)|The Invasion of Time]]'' and ''[[The Two Doctors (TV story)|The Two Doctors]]''). The DVD is the same as the one sold separately. It was released [[8 July (releases)|8 July]] in [[Australia]].


<gallery hideaddbutton="true" widths="180" captionalign="left">
<gallery position="center" captionalign="center" hideaddbutton="true" widths="180">
file:Bred for War.jpg|DVD Region 2 UK cover
File:Bred for War.jpg|DVD Region 2 UK cover
Bred for War The Sontaran Collection.jpg|DVD Region 4 AUS cover
Bred for War The Sontaran Collection.jpg|DVD Region 4 AUS cover
</gallery>
</gallery>


=== VHS releases ===
=== VHS releases ===
 
This story was released as ''Doctor Who: The Invasion of Time''.
Released as ''Doctor Who: The Invasion of Time''


Released:
Released:
 
* [[UK]] March 2000 (Double tape set)
* [[UK]] [[March]] [[2000]] (Double tape set)
* [[Australia]] August 2000 (Single tape set)
* [[Australia]] [[August]] [[2000]] (Single tape set)
* [[US]] August 2000 (Same as UK edition)
* [[US]] [[August]] [[2000]] (Same as UK edition)
<u>Note:</u> For all VHS releases, the video sleeve credited Louise Jameson as well as Tom Baker.<gallery position="center" captionalign="center" hideaddbutton="true" widths="120">
 
File:The Invasion of Time VHS Australian cover.jpg|VHS Australian cover
<gallery hideaddbutton="true" widths="120">
File:The Invasion of Time VHS US cover.jpg|VHS US cover
file:The Invasion of Time VHS UK cover.jpg|VHS UK cover
file:The Invasion of Time VHS Australian cover.jpg|VHS Australian cover
file:The Invasion of Time VHS US cover.jpg|VHS US cover
</gallery>
</gallery>
== Novelisation ==
[[File:Invasion of Time novel.jpg|right|75px]]
: ''Main article: [[Doctor Who and the Invasion of Time]]''
Novelised as ''[[Doctor Who and the Invasion of Time]]'' by [[Terrance Dicks]] in [[1980]].
* [[BNA]]: ''[[Dead Romance]]''
* [[BFA]]: ''[[The Sirens of Time]]''
* [[BFA]]: ''[[The Apocalypse Element]]''
* [[EDA]]: ''[[The Ancestor Cell]]''
* [[Last Great Time War]]


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{bbcepguideclassic|invasiontime/|The Invasion of Time}} (with video clips)
* {{bbcepguideclassic|invasiontime/|The Invasion of Time}} (with video clips)
* {{dwrefguide|who_4z.htm|The Invasion of Time}}
* {{radiotimes|2010-12-06/the-invasion-of-time}}
{{dwcast}}
{{dwrefguide|who_4z.htm|The Invasion of Time}}
* {{briefhistory|serials/4z.html|The Invasion of Time}}
* {{briefhistory|serials/4z.html|The Invasion of Time}}
* {{locguide|invasionoftime|The Invasion of Time}}
* {{locguide|invasionoftime|The Invasion of Time}}
Line 278: Line 305:
* {{library|display.asp?1731|DVD|The Invasion of Time}}
* {{library|display.asp?1731|DVD|The Invasion of Time}}


== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}
{{DWTV}}
{{DWTV}}
{{Vardan stories}}
{{Sontaran stories}}
{{Sontaran stories}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Invasion of Time}}
{{TitleSort}}
[[de:The Invasion of Time]]
[[es:The Invasion of Time]]
[[ru:Временное вторжение]]
 
[[Category:Doctor Who (1963) television stories]]
[[Category:Doctor Who (1963) television stories]]
[[Category:Fourth Doctor television stories]]
[[Category:Sontaran television stories]]
[[Category:Sontaran television stories]]
[[Category:Stories set on Gallifrey]]
[[Category:Television stories set on Gallifrey]]
[[Category:Stories set in the Rassilon Era]]
[[Category:Stories set in the Rassilon Era]]
[[Category:1978 television stories]]
[[Category:1978 television stories]]
[[Category:K9 television stories]]
[[Category:K9 television stories]]
[[Category:Season 15 stories]]
[[Category:Season 15 stories]]
[[Category:Time Lord television stories]]
[[Category:Six part serials]]
[[Category:Vardan stories]]

Latest revision as of 20:07, 3 November 2024

RealWorld.png

The Invasion of Time was the sixth and final serial of season 15 of Doctor Who. It made extensive use of the TARDIS interior and added to the mythology of Gallifrey. It featured the final regular appearances of Louise Jameson as Leela as well as the final appearance of K9 Mark I — although it also immediately implied that the Doctor was merely replacing K9 with a new model.

Its script was a last-minute replacement, written quickly by Read and Williams when the original season-ender by David Weir was abandoned. Contemporary viewers of the programme who participated in the Doctor Who Appreciation Society's season 15 poll voted it the best story of the season. (REF: The Fourth Doctor Handbook) Narratively, it established that Sontarans were a major, credible threat to the Time Lords, carrying through on a foreshadowing reference in their first appearance in The Time Warrior. It laid the groundwork for future Sontaran stories, including their pursuit of time travel in The Two Doctors and their knowledge of Gallifrey's demise in The Sontaran Stratagem.

The fact that Leela remains on Gallifrey with K9 Mark I and she appears to intend to marry Andred forms the basis for many Big Finish stories in both The Companion Chronicles and Gallifrey audio series. This story is also the ostensible link between Doctor Who and the Australian K9 series, since the K9 at the beginning of Regeneration appears to be the Mark I, who then "regenerates" into the model seen throughout that programme.

Synopsis[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Doctor returns to Gallifrey, claims his rights and is crowned President. It soon turns out that he has led a group of aliens called Vardans to the planet to eradicate them completely. After they are destroyed, the Sontarans take their opportunity and follow them in their invasion until they are destroyed by the Doctor.

Plot[[edit] | [edit source]]

Part one[[edit] | [edit source]]

"I never sign anything before I've read it."

The Fourth Doctor meets a group of aliens in space and returns to Gallifrey, bringing Leela and K9 with him. He is behaving very strangely, and when the Chancellery Guard under their Commander, Andred, arrive at the Panopticon Chamber to interrogate him, the Doctor demands to be taken to Chancellor Borusa, who is now in charge of the Time Lords.

The Doctor claims the vacant Presidency of Gallifrey, having been a candidate. After the demise of Chancellor Goth, he is elected automatically. The aliens watch him keenly, stating that they have chosen well. The Doctor chooses a presidential chamber and asks it be redecorated with lead lining throughout. Shortly afterward, a ceremony is held to swear him in as President of Gallifrey, and he is presented with the trappings of office. However, when the circlet connecting him to the Matrix, repository of all Time Lord knowledge, is placed on his head, the Doctor collapses in pain...

Part two[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Doctor falling during his coronation as President.

The Doctor is taken to the Chancellery to rest and recover. When he regains consciousness, he reminds the Time Lords that no aliens are allowed on Gallifrey and instructs that Leela be expelled from the Capitol Citadel, where she will have to fend in the wastelands.

She tries to avoid banishment, but the Doctor insists as president. The Doctor retreats to the TARDIS, where he shares a secret plan with K9. He is obviously very concerned about the situation in which he has found himself. Meanwhile, Leela meets Rodan, and they find that a massive warship is moving towards Gallifrey.

The Doctor is planning to aid an invasion of Gallifrey itself. To this end he sets about destroying the transduction barrier that shields the planet from external threat. K9 sets about this task while the Doctor returns to the Panopticon, the great hall of the Time Lords. He laughs cruelly as three alien beings start to materialise...

Part three[[edit] | [edit source]]

Leela and Rodan explore the wastes.

The invading beings are known as Vardans. They appear as shimmering manifestations who made an alliance with the Doctor some time ago. The Doctor advises the Time Lords, including the stubborn Borusa, to submit to their new and powerful masters. He asks Borusa to meet him in his office, where the Doctor explains he had the lead walls installed to prevent the Vardans entering the room on thought waves and reading his mind. He hadn't told the other Time Lords because their minds are too single-minded, and the Vardans would be able to hear them. He sent Leela away to protect her and can now work with Borusa to defeat the Vardan threat.

A new problem has emerged, however, with the ascendancy of the obsequious and compliant Castellan Kelner. He is being far too co-operative with the Vardan occupation. The toadying yet ambitious Castellan soon has Borusa placed under house arrest and starts expelling trouble-making Time Lords from the safety of the Capitol.

Leela has kept her faith in the Doctor. She decides that if he wishes her to leave the Capitol it is with good reason, so she departs for the wastelands. She is accompanied by Rodan. They are welcomed warily by a tribe of Outsiders who have rejected Time Lord society and live in the wastelands. Their leader, Nesbin, explains some of the background to his tribe. Back in the Capitol, however, things are looking grim for the Doctor when Andred corners him and decides to execute him in the name of liberty...

Part four[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Doctor consults the Matrix.

K9 helps the Doctor overpower Andred. The Doctor explains the danger and abilities of the Vardans to Andred, with his TARDIS providing a shield to his thoughts. The Doctor is hoping to persuade the Vardans to fully materialise so that he can find their planet and time loop it. Leela has also organised her own resistance movement in the wastelands, comprising Nesbin's people and the exiled Time Lords, all of whom are drilled into a fighting force which soon launches an assault on the Capitol.

Meanwhile, the aliens and Kelner have decided the Doctor is behaving in an untrustworthy manner. The Doctor reaffirms his loyalty to them by agreeing to dismantle the final force field protecting Gallifrey from attack. He does not fully disable it, but rather places a large hole in it. The Vardans use the hole to properly invade Gallifrey and appear as humanoid warriors. In space, a ship approaches Gallifrey. Their manifestation enables K9 to track down their home planet and supply the Doctor with the correct co-ordinates.

A spaceship approaches Gallifrey.

He uses this to beam the Vardans back to their home world and then traps it in a time loop at the same time Leela and her warriors reach the Panopticon.

When the Doctor is giving a celebratory speech to everyone in the Panopticon, everyone but the Doctor becomes silent, while the Doctor looks confused. Looking behind him, he sees three Sontaran soldiers. The leader raises his gun...

Part five[[edit] | [edit source]]

Gallifrey has now been invaded by the Sontarans, led by Commander Stor, who reveal that they used the Vardans to open up the force field to let them in and have served their purpose. The Doctor and his party escape to the President's office, while Kelner pledges support to the invaders. Borusa has placed titanium alloy on the door to reinforce it. The Sontarans are delayed while the Doctor and his party escape through another exit.

The Doctor uses his freedom to try to pressure Borusa into revealing to him the location of the Great Key of Rassilon, a missing item of the Presidential regalia. On the way back to the TARDIS, Nesbin is killed by a Sontaran. The Doctor looks for the Great Key in a large group of keys, and Borusa pulls it out of a drawer keyhole. Meanwhile, the Sontarans have been trying to get Kelner to widen the gap in the force field.

They then regroup at the TARDIS where Rodan is put to work using the TARDIS's controls to repair the hole in the force field, while the Doctor explains that the Sontarans want domination over all universes and all time. However, Kelner imperils their resistance when he manipulates the stabiliser banks of the Doctor's TARDIS to try to destroy the resistance force within by hurling them to the heart of a black star...

Part six[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Doctor presents the de-mat gun.

The Doctor overrides the threat, so their enemies change tactics. Commander Stor and one of his troopers, assisted by Castellan Kelner, gain access to the Doctor's TARDIS. They pursue the Doctor and his friends through the labyrinth of corridors. Stor is after the Great Key too, knowing the Doctor has now persuaded Borusa to yield it to him. The Doctor uses distractions to buy time. On the Doctor's instruction, a hypnotised Rodan and K9 construct a special forbidden Time Lord weapon: the De-mat Gun. Powered by the Great Key itself, the de-mat gun erases its victims from time itself. The Doctor takes the gun and confronts Stor in the Panopticon. Stor intends to destroy the galaxy, and the Time Lords and Sontarans with it, with a grenade, but the blast is cancelled out by the Doctor using the de-mat gun. It obliterates Stor, wipes the Doctor's mind of recent events, and also destroys itself. Kelner is arrested and Borusa begins the process of rebuilding Gallifrey.

The Doctor is ready to leave, but Leela decides to stay on Gallifrey because she has fallen in love with Commander Andred. K9 decides to stay behind to look after Leela, and they both watch as the TARDIS dematerialises. Inside the TARDIS, the Doctor pushes out a box labelled "K9 MII." He grins mischievously.

Cast[[edit] | [edit source]]

Uncredited cast[[edit] | [edit source]]

Crew[[edit] | [edit source]]

Uncredited crew[[edit] | [edit source]]

Worldbuilding[[edit] | [edit source]]

Gallifreyan artefacts[[edit] | [edit source]]

Gallifreyan weapons[[edit] | [edit source]]

History From the real world[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • The Doctor tells Borusa that he had "nothing to do with" the sinking of the Titanic. However, several of his later incarnations would indeed find themselves on the ship, including Ninth Doctor who apparently "ended up clinging to [the] iceberg", commentating that "it wasn't half cold." (TV: The End of the World)

K9[[edit] | [edit source]]

Literature from the real world[[edit] | [edit source]]

Music from the real world[[edit] | [edit source]]

Planets and timeline[[edit] | [edit source]]

Psychic powers[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • Borusa taught the Doctor advanced techniques of telepathy.

Spacecraft[[edit] | [edit source]]

Story notes[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • Even though Louise Jameson was adamant that this would be her last story and a new companion had been developed, Graham Williams remained optimistic that he could persuade her to stay. As such, he gave little thought to Leela's departure because he was anticipating a last-minute rewrite to retain her. He tried to persuade right up to the studio recording, until it turned out that she'd accepted a stage role (Portia in a production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice), meaning that she couldn't appear in Season 16 anyway. This resulted in Leela's exit being abrupt, much to Jameson's displeasure.
  • The Sontarans return in this story, making it their third appearance on TV and their last (save flashbacks) until The Two Doctors.
  • Stan McGowan (Vardan) is credited as "Vardan Leader" in Radio Times.
  • Christopher Tranchell (Andred) has his first name billed as "Christopher" on-screen for parts one and two; and as "Chris" on-screen for parts three to six, and in Radio Times for all episodes.
  • Rodan is the first female Gallifreyan to appear on screen since Susan Foreman more than a decade earlier.
  • According to Into the Unknown, a featurette on the DVD release of the preceding story, Underworld, the budget on that story was so tight consideration was given to cancelling it and allotting the story's budget to The Invasion of Time.
  • This story provides one of the most extensive views of the interior of the TARDIS ever provided on television. As in The Masque of Mandragora, the deep TARDIS interior is shown to be an eclectic combination of rooms with highly variable designs, such as an indoor swimming pool and an industrial building. The interior TARDIS became much more homogenised after this. In the John Nathan-Turner era, the TARDIS interior greatly resembled the console room, with white, roundeled walls throughout. (TV: Castrovalva, et al.) Such an extensive exploration of the TARDIS interior would not be undertaken again until the 2013 television story Journey to the Centre of the TARDIS.
  • This story replaced the cancelled Killers of the Dark story.
  • Working titles for this story included The Invaders of Time.[1]
  • Leela was supposed to be killed off in this episode, dying defending the Doctor against the Sontarans. Ultimately, Graham Williams and Anthony Read felt that this would traumatise children. Louise Jameson would have much preferred this exit, as she was unhappy with the one she got.
  • Robert Holmes was supposed to write this story, but he declined, not wanting to return to the series having just left his post as script editor. He did suggest that the first four episodes focus on Gallifrey and the last two feature the Sontarans.
  • Initially, it was revealed that the Time Lords were not native Gallifreyans, but rather had been permitted to construct their Citadel there in return for ensuring that the planet's populace lived in total comfort and security. It was these indigenous Gallifreyans that Leela met following her banishment.
  • The Doctor's actions as President originally threw the Time Lords into open civil war, and part two ended with several rebellious Time Lords threatening to execute the Doctor (much as Andred does in the part three cliffhanger of the finished serial).
  • The Vardans were originally going to betray the Doctor, ordering his annihilation at the close of part three.
  • Angus MacKay was unable to reprise his role as Borusa from The Deadly Assassin, so John Arnatt took over. The character’s two subsequent appearances would also see different actors in the role: Leonard Sachs (Arc of Infinity) and Philip Latham (The Five Doctors).
  • Graham Williams loved the Sontarans, hence their reappearance.
  • Gerald Blake had previously directed The Abominable Snowmen. He recalled chastising a typically badly behaved Tom Baker by saying, "I remember when you were Patrick Troughton".
  • Following the troubled shoot, Graham Williams sent a memo to his superiors that in future, all directors would take the show seriously.
  • The closing credits of parts three, four, and six feature the return of the section of the Doctor Who theme commonly called the "Middle Eight", this sequence not having been heard since the early Jon Pertwee era.
  • The production team considered writing K9 out of the show altogether at the end of the serial due to the technical problems caused by the prop.
  • In rehearsals, Louise Jameson and Christopher Tranchell tried to introduce additional moments of tenderness between Leela and Andred in order to make Leela's exit more credible.
  • Roger Murray-Leach was supposed to work as production designer in order to maintain continuity with The Deadly Assassin, but he was unavailable. Barbara Gosnold took his place.
  • Graham Williams was unhappy with Derek Deadman's choice of accent for Commander Stor, and the actor refused to heed the producer's request to modify it.
  • The giant plant which consumed the Sontaran trooper inspired Tom Baker to suggest that his next companion should be a talking cabbage, to whom he could explain the plot as it perched on the Doctor's shoulder.
  • Graham Williams suggested the alias “Richard Thomas”, after his young son, but Head of Serials Graeme MacDonald requested that “David Agnew” receive the credit. This was a nom de plume used on a variety of BBC programmes dating back to 1971, and would be used again for the Douglas Adams/Graham Williams rewrite of David Fisher’s The Gamble With Time, which was broadcast under the title City of Death.
  • Graham Williams had planned for Season 16 to explore more of the TARDIS interior. He used that idea in this serial.

Ratings[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • Part one - 11.2 million viewers
  • Part two - 11.4 million viewers
  • Part three - 9.5 million viewers
  • Part four - 10.9 million viewers
  • Part five - 10.3 million viewers
  • Part six - 9.8 million viewers

Myths[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • Rodan was the prototype for Romana I. Related rumours include actress Hilary Ryan being unavailable for the following season, which resulted in Romana being created as a replacement for Rodan.

Filming locations[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • Beachfields Quarry, Cormongers Lane, Redhill, Surrey
  • St Anne's Hospital, Redstone Hill, Redhill, Surrey
  • British Oxygen, Blacks Road, Hammersmith
  • Bray Studios, Slough
  • BBC Television Centre (TC8), Shepherd's Bush, London

Production errors[[edit] | [edit source]]

If you'd like to talk about narrative problems with this story — like plot holes and things that seem to contradict other stories — please go to this episode's discontinuity discussion.
  • When the Doctor hops down the corridor in part two, he knocks the camera as he goes past.
  • When the Doctor is on the spaceship at the beginning of the story, he has his hat and scarf with him but when he enters the TARDIS, they are on the hatstand, and not being worn by the Doctor.
  • In one scene there is a dirt mark one side of the Doctor's face, but in the next scene it is on the other side of his face.
  • In the end scene of part four Commander Stor holds his gun between his fingers, but at the start of part five his grip is different.
  • In part five, when Commander Stor is attempting to get Kelner to widen the gap in the Citadel's force field, the mesh in his helmet's eye holes is missing, leaving his actual eyes clearly visible.
  • When K9 blasts the guard protecting the transduction barrier equipment, the guard drops his staser as he falls, and the gun breaks apart as it hits the floor.
  • The Sontaran costumes were cumbersome and limited the field of vision of the actors wearing them, so much so that they are often seen tripping through and over props. At one point, a Sontaran (played by Stuart Fell) nearly takes a fall after missing a short jump and landing on a pool chair. As the aliens originate on a planet of notably high gravity, however, their clumsiness is easily explained.

Continuity[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • Andred uses the term "Relative Time", which previously appeared in TV: Genesis of the Daleks [+]Loading...["Genesis of the Daleks (TV story)"].
  • The Doctor assuming the Presidency is a direct consequence of putting himself up for the position as a ploy during a previous trip to Gallifrey. (TV: The Deadly Assassin)
  • The Doctor brings Leela to Gallifrey, although he had previously shown reluctance to bring an outsider there. (TV: The Hand of Fear)
  • Leela complains about the lack of her janis thorns. (TV: The Face of Evil et al.)

Home video and audio releases[[edit] | [edit source]]

DVD releases[[edit] | [edit source]]

Special features[[edit] | [edit source]]

Notes:

  • DVD Region 2 UK cover

    DVD Region 2 UK cover

  • DVD Region 4 Australian cover

    DVD Region 4 Australian cover

  • DVD Region 1 US cover

    DVD Region 1 US cover

Boxed set release[[edit] | [edit source]]

This story was re-released in the Bred for War DVD boxset on 5 May alongside all the classic series Sontaran stories (The Time Warrior, The Sontaran Experiment, The Invasion of Time and The Two Doctors). The DVD is the same as the one sold separately. It was released 8 July in Australia.

  • DVD Region 2 UK cover

    DVD Region 2 UK cover

  • DVD Region 4 AUS cover

    DVD Region 4 AUS cover

VHS releases[[edit] | [edit source]]

This story was released as Doctor Who: The Invasion of Time.

Released:

  • UK March 2000 (Double tape set)
  • Australia August 2000 (Single tape set)
  • US August 2000 (Same as UK edition)

Note: For all VHS releases, the video sleeve credited Louise Jameson as well as Tom Baker.

  • VHS Australian cover

    VHS Australian cover

  • VHS US cover

    VHS US cover

External links[[edit] | [edit source]]

Footnotes[[edit] | [edit source]]

  1. ↑ http://www.shannonsullivan.com/doctorwho/serials/4z.html
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For the purposes of this list, a "Vardan story" is one in which one living, authentic Vardan plays a part within the confines of the story, outside of flashbacks to previous stories and cliffhangers that lead into the following story.
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