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{{Update|[[Power of the Dominators (audio story)]], [[Home Fires Burn (novel)]]}}
{{Infobox Object
{{Infobox Object
|image = Quarks.jpg
|image = Beneath the Waves Quarks.jpg
|name = Quark
|origin = [[Quark home planet]], [[Quarks' galaxy]]
|type = Robot soldier-workers
|type = Robot soldier-workers
|origin = The [[Dominator]]s
|first cs = The Dominators (TV story)
|appearances = {{il|[[TV]]: ''[[The Dominators (TV story)|The Dominators]]''|[[TV]]: ''[[The War Games (TV story)|The War Games]]''|[[COMIC]]: ''[[Invasion of the Quarks (comic story)|Invasion of the Quarks]]''|[[COMIC]]: ''[[The Killer Wasps (comic story)|The Killer Wasps]]''|[[COMIC]]: ''[[Jungle of Doom (comic story)|Jungle of Doom]]''|[[COMIC]]: ''[[Martha the Mechanical Housemaid (comic story)|Martha the Mechanical Housemaid]]''|[[COMIC]]: ''[[The Duellists (comic story)|The Duellists]]''|[[COMIC]]: ''[[Death Race (comic story)|Death Race]]''|[[COMIC]]: ''[[The Fires Down Below (comic story)|The Fires Down Below]]''|[[COMIC]]: ''[[Happy Deathday (comic story)|Happy Deathday]]''|[[GAME]]: ''[[Destiny of the Doctors]]''}}
|appearances = {{appears}}
}}{{You may|Quark (physics)}}
}}{{you may|Quark (physics)}}
'''Quarks''' were the [[robot]] slaves of the [[Dominator]]s' [[galactic]] [[empire]]. An offshoot of rebel Quarks went on to conquer worlds on their own. These Quarks were dangerous enough that the Doctor was forewarned so he could place [[John and Gillian]] in a safer location. ([[COMIC]]: ''[[Invasion of the Quarks]]'')
'''Quarks''' were [[robot]]s that served in the [[Dominator]]s' multi-[[galactic]] [[empire]]. An offshoot of rebel Quarks went on to conquer worlds on their own. These Quarks were dangerous enough that the Doctor was forewarned so he could place [[John Who|John]] and [[Gillian Who]] in a safer location. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Invasion of the Quarks (comic story)}})


== Appearance ==
== Appearance ==
Quarks were cuboid in shape with a sphere on top. Two spikes came from opposite sides of this sphere, with one on top. They had rectangular compartments on their chests into which their cuboid arms folded. Their arms were equipped with weaponry and manipulating appendages. The spore spikes were red along with the rim attaching them all. The rest of the sphere was black and the body was grey. The Quarks' feet were large pieces of metal in the shape of a block; poles attached these to the body. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Dominators]]'')
[[File:Quark TheDominators.png|thumb|Appearance of a quark ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Dominators (TV story)}})]]
Quarks were cuboid in shape with a sphere on top. Four spikes came from opposite sides of this sphere, with one on top. They had rectangular compartments on their chests into which their cuboid arms folded. Their arms were equipped with weaponry and manipulating appendages. The spore spikes were red along with the rim attaching them all. The rest of the sphere was black and the body was grey. The Quarks' feet were large pieces of metal in the shape of a block; poles attached these to the body. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Dominators (TV story)}})
 
Some [[historian]]s hypothesized that the Quarks were not truly robots, using it as an explanation as why the Dominators needed to use slaves if they could seemingly make robot minions. Instead, they noted the Quarks' love of destruction, child-like voices, and small sizes as evidence for a much [[Toclafane|darker origin]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Monster Vault (novel)}})


== Abilities ==
== Abilities ==
[[File:Quark ship.jpg|thumb|A parallel universe Quark ship in an engagement against the [[Kroton Imperium]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Lost Dimension (comic story)}})]]
Quarks were able to use their guns to kill directly, stun, electrocute, communicate and to power up objects. They could collect data from a survey just by turning 360 degrees. They emitted warning signals when tripped or covered.
Quarks were able to use their guns to kill directly, stun, electrocute, communicate and to power up objects. They could collect data from a survey just by turning 360 degrees. They emitted warning signals when tripped or covered.


The [[Dominator]]s had symbols representing each Quark on a wall, the symbol for the corresponding Quark flashing when that Quark was destroyed. Dominator Quarks generally communicated with bleeps, shrill squeaks, and squawks, although they were capable of high-pitched speech. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Dominators]]'')
The [[Dominator]]s had symbols representing each Quark on a wall, the symbol for the corresponding Quark flashing when that Quark was destroyed. Dominator Quarks generally communicated with bleeps, shrill squeaks, and squawks, although they were capable of high-pitched speech. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Dominators (TV story)}})


On several occasions, the independent Quarks used [[Giant Wasp]]s to cover for their limited agility. ([[COMIC]]: ''[[The Killer Wasps]]'')
Quarks operating independently made use of [[Quark craft]] and [[ray gun]]s separate from their in-built weaponry. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Death Race (comic story)}}) On several occasions, the independent Quarks used [[Giant Wasp]]s to cover for their limited agility ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Killer Wasps (comic story)}}) and as their servants. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Quantum Archangel (novel)}})


The [[Seventh Doctor]] once described a specific weakness the Quarks had. According to him, they were effectively "allergic" to [[leptonite crystal]]s. If they came within half a mile of [[leptonite]], they would explode. ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[Flip-Flop]]'')
The [[Seventh Doctor]] once described a specific weakness the Quarks had. According to him, they were effectively "allergic" to [[leptonite crystal]]s. If they came within half a mile of [[leptonite]], they would explode. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Flip-Flop (audio story)}})


== History ==
== History ==
Quarks were originally the [[robot]] servants of the [[Dominator]]s. The Dominators [[Rago]] and [[Toba]] took a party of Quarks to the planet [[Dulkis]]. There, they had the Quarks drill a shaft through which a device could be dropped that would cause a planet-wide volcanic eruption and make the planet an ideal source of power for the Dominators.
According to the [[Fourth Doctor]], the Quarks inhabited a completely different era and region of the universe to the [[Kroton (species)|Krotons]]. Thus, to witness a conflict between the two races would not "make sense". ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Lost Dimension (comic story)}})
 
Quarks were originally the [[robot]] servants of the [[Dominator]]s. The Dominators [[Rago]] and [[Toba]] took a party of Quarks to the planet [[Dulkis]] and had them drill a shaft, through which a device could be dropped that would cause a planet-wide volcanic eruption and make the planet an ideal source of power for the Dominators.
 
[[File:Cully takes aim.jpg|left|thumb|[[Cully]] takes aim at a Quark. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Dominators (TV story)}})]]
The [[Second Doctor]] and his [[companion]]s [[Jamie McCrimmon]] and [[Zoe Heriot]] were on Dulkis when this party arrived. Along with the [[Dulcian]] [[Cully]], Jamie destroyed a number of Quarks through various methods. He destroyed one by shooting it with a gun, distracted one while Cully smashed it with a large boulder, and used explosives to destroy a third. The Doctor managed to catch the Dominators' bomb as it fell down the mineshaft and, as the Quarks and Dominators prepared to leave, placed it aboard their craft. Once the ship was in flight, the bomb detonated, destroying the remaining Quarks and their masters. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Dominators (TV story)}})
 
In [[1943]], [[Eileen Younghusband|Eileen le Croisette]] discovered a steelwork's manager, Huxtable, was creating Quarks to use in his own personal war. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Home Fires Burn (novel)}})
 
The Dominators took the Quarks to Earth in the [[1950s]] to try and enslave the human race. They used the Quarks to stun anyone who discovered them earlier than intended. The Quarks and the Dominators were defeated by the [[Tenth Doctor]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Quiet on the Set (comic story)}})
 
[[File:Quark Comic.jpg|thumb|The Quarks [[Quark-Vespiform War|battle]] the Vespiforms. ([[WC]]: {{cs|Monster File: Vespiform (webcast)}})]]
Other accounts show the Quarks working alone, without reference to the Dominators. They were famed for their brutality and conquests. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Invasion of the Quarks (comic story)}}) [[Jack Harkness]] referred to "rebel Quarks" in a report on the [[Vespiform]], revealing rumours of the [[Quark-Vespiform War]]. ([[WC]]: {{cs|Monster File: Vespiform (webcast)}})
 
The rebel Quarks had multiple battles with the [[Second Doctor]], especially in their attempts to invade [[Earth]]. Their first attempt was in [[1968]], where a Quark spearhead destroyed a radar tracking station in [[Scotland]] and made a landing at an old [[castle]]. The Doctor seized their ship and used it to take out the invasion fleet. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Invasion of the Quarks (comic story)}}) After this encounter, the Quarks were all ordered to search for and kill the Doctor.
 
At some point, the rebel Quarks attacked the planet [[Gano]]. When the Doctor and [[Jamie McCrimmon|Jamie]] arrived there, seemingly in [[1968]] as well, the Quarks unleashed their [[Giant Wasp]]s. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Killer Wasps (comic story)}}) At another time, apparently on contemporary Earth again, the Quarks ambushed the Doctor and buried [[the Doctor's TARDIS|the TARDIS]] under rubble in an attempt to prevent him escaping. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Jungle of Doom (comic story)}})
 
A single Quark was sent on a scouting mission to Earth in 1967 and crashed near the abandoned village base of the [[Analysis Bureau]]. The Bureau attempted to stop the Quark from reporting its findings but failed. When damaged, the Quark used [[Mr Ottowa]]'s severed head in place of its own. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Analysis Bureau (novel)}}) The Dominators arrived soon after the message was sent.
 
The Dominators used a squad of slave Quarks to guard their nuclear power station when they infiltrated Britain. These Quarks were modified to open up into ten-feet tall killing machines. [[The Brigadier|Colonel Lethbridge-Stewart]] led a small commando raid on the site in 1969, finding the Quarks could shrug off some bullets but were vulnerable to grenade launchers and Mills bombs. The surviving Quarks were taken into the custody of [[The Vault (The Scales of Injustice)|the Vault]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Mutually Assured Domination (novel)}})
 
In [[1971]], when the Doctor invented the [[Martha (robot)|Martha]] series of houseworker robots and sold them to an [[United States of America|American]] company, the Quarks waited until they were widespread across the country and then turned them against [[human]]ity. This was intended as a prelude to their invasion, but they were routed when the Doctor reprogrammed the Marthas to engage the Quark armies. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Martha the Mechanical Housemaid (comic story)}})
 
At some point, the Brigadier and [[UNIT]] reprogrammed Quarks to fight [[Rill]] [[Chumbley|defence drones]]. One of those Quarks eventually wound up at an arcade in [[Porthcawl]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Arcade of Doom (short story)}})
 
In [[1984]], slave Quarks were part of a failed Dominator secret invasion of Earth. Under [[Iceland]], [[Whitaker (The Fires Down Below)|Major Whitaker]]'s [[UNIT]] forces destroyed them. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Fires Down Below (comic story)}})


[[File:Cully takes aim.jpg|left|thumb|[[Cully]] takes aim at a Quark. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Dominators]]'')]]
In 2018, [[Lucy Wilson]] accidentally activated the Porthcawl Quark. It blew up most of the arcade before shutting down after recognising her as a Lethbridge-Stewart. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Arcade of Doom (short story)}}) This Quark ended up at a skip. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Beyond the Sunset (short story)}}) Later, at an eSports expose, Lucy Wilson was exposed to the memories of a Quark that had rampaged for the Dominators across the galaxy. The Quark's remains tried to use her to escape. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Expo of Terror (short story)}}) That incident reactivated the Porthcawl Quark, and Lucy and Hobo recovered it only to learn the Quark's mind had been upgraded: it now had freedom from its programming, enough to feel grief it was the last of its kind on Earth, to desire death, and to wonder what lay 'beyond'. Lucy Wilson sat with it until it died. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Beyond the Sunset (short story)}})
The [[Second Doctor]] and his [[companion]]s [[Jamie McCrimmon]] and [[Zoe Heriot]] were on Dulkis when this party arrived. Along with [[Cully]], Jamie destroyed a number of Quarks through various methods. He destroyed one by shooting it with a gun, distracted one while Cully smashed it with a large boulder, and used explosives to destroy a third. The Doctor managed to catch the Dominators' bomb as it fell down the mineshaft and, as the Quarks and Dominators prepared to leave, placed it aboard their craft. Once the ship was in flight, the bomb detonated, destroying the remaining Quarks and their masters. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Dominators]]'')


Other accounts show the Quarks working alone, without reference to the Dominators. They were famed for their brutality and conquests. ([[COMIC]]: ''[[Invasion of the Quarks]]'') [[Jack Harkness]] referred to "rebel Quarks" in a report on the [[Vespiform]], implying these were Quarks who rebelled against and broke away from their Dominator masters. Possibly at some point in their history, these Quarks waged war with the Vespiforms. ([[WC]]: ''[[Monster Files|Monster Files: Vespiform]]'')
In [[2044]], a Quark squad arrived on the [[planet]] [[Hekton]] to kill the [[Second Doctor]], but were defeated by the [[human]] colonists. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Duellists (comic story)}})


The rebel Quarks had multiple battles with the [[Second Doctor]], especially in their attempts to invade [[Earth]]. Their first attempt was in [[1968]], where a Quark spearhead destroyed a radar tracking station in [[Scotland]] and made a landing at an old [[castle]]. The Doctor seized their ship and used it to take out the invasion fleet. ([[COMIC]]: ''[[Invasion of the Quarks]]'') After this encounter, the Quarks were all ordered to search for and kill the Doctor.
[[File:Quark ray gun.jpg|thumb|A Quark assassin threatens a driver. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Death Race (comic story)}})]]
In [[2053]], a Quark assassin pursued the Doctor when he participated in an automobile race on Earth. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Death Race (comic story)}})


[[File:Quark_Comic.jpg|thumb|The Quarks battle the Vespiforms. ([[WC]]: ''[[Captain Jack's Monster Files]]'')]]
In [[3090]], the [[Seventh Doctor]] and [[Melanie Bush|Mel]] arrived on the [[planet]] [[Puxatornee]] looking for [[leptonite crystal]]s with which to defeat the Quarks in an ongoing battle they were having on the [[space yacht]] ''[[Pinto (ship)|Pinto]]''. It was unknown whether this battle also took place in 3090. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Flip-Flop (audio story)}})
At some point, they attacked the planet [[Gano]]. When the Doctor and [[Jamie McCrimmon|Jamie]] arrived there, seemingly in [[1968]] as well, the Quarks unleashed their [[Giant Wasp]]s. ([[COMIC]]: ''[[The Killer Wasps]]'') At another time, apparently on contemporary Earth again, the Quarks ambushed the Doctor and buried the [[the Doctor's TARDIS|TARDIS]] under rubble in an attempt to prevent him escaping. ([[COMIC]]: ''[[Jungle of Doom]]'')


In [[1971]], when the Doctor invented the [[Martha (robot)|Martha]] series of houseworker robots and sold them to an [[United States of America|American]] company, the Quarks waited until they were widespread across the country and then turned them against [[human]]ity. This was intended as a prelude to their invasion, but they were routed when the Doctor reprogrammed the Marthas to engage the Quark armies. ([[COMIC]]: ''[[Martha the Mechanical Housemaid]]'')
A film adaptation of [[H.G. Wells]]' ''[[The Time Machine]]'', which according to the [[Sixth Doctor]] "hadn't even been bad enough to be good", featured Quarks and the Giant Wasps. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Synthespians™ (novel)}})


In [[1984]], slave Quarks were part of a failed Dominator secret invasion of Earth. Under [[Iceland]], [[Whitaker (The Fires Down Below)|Major Whitaker]]'s [[UNIT]] forces destroyed them. ([[COMIC]]: ''[[The Fires Down Below (comic story)|The Fires Down Below]]'')
=== Rassilon Era ===
As part of a failed Dominator invasion of [[Gallifrey]], Quarks "flooded" the [[Capitol]]. They were fought by [[Leela]] and [[K9 Mark I]], who destroyed 39 Quarks between them. Though the [[Fifth Doctor]] would claim that there was never "any serious risk of [[Gallifreyan|us]] being conquered", one of the Quarks was fitted with a [[bomb]] which caused severe damage to the Capitol, necessitating the construction of a replacement building. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Time in Office (audio story)}})


In [[2044]], a Quark squad arrived on the [[planet]] [[Hekton]] to kill the [[Second Doctor]], but were defeated by the [[human]] colonists. ([[COMIC]]: ''[[The Duellists]]'')
=== Unknown period ===
The Quarks were among the aliens stuck on [[Denossus]] when it was transported to the [[Time Vortex]] by the [[Vortexian]]s. They would remain trapped for over twenty years until the Vortexians were expelled by the [[Second Doctor]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Land of the Blind (comic story)}})


In [[2053]], a Quark assassin pursued the Doctor when he participated in an automobile race on Earth. ([[COMIC]]: ''[[Death Race]]'')
The [[Eighth Doctor]] and [[Guy (The Mummy Speaks!)|Guy]] shared an adventure involving the Quarks. Like [[Edgar Allan Poe]], [[Charlemagne]] and the [[Boston Strangler]], the Quarks remarked it was odd that the Doctor was travelling with a [[gorilla]] in a [[cravat]] and a [[waistcoat]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Mummy Speaks! (audio story)}})


In [[3090]], the [[Seventh Doctor]] and [[Mel]] arrived on the [[planet]] [[Puxatornee]] looking for [[leptonite crystal]]s with which to defeat the Quarks in an ongoing battle they were having on the [[space yacht]] ''[[Pinto (ship)|Pinto]]''. It was unknown whether this battle also took place in 3090. ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[Flip-Flop]]'')
=== Alternate universes ===
[[File:Quarks from parallel universe.jpg|right|thumb|Quarks from a Quark-dominated parallel universe. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Lost Dimension (comic story)}})
]]
In an [[Quark universe|alternate universe]], the Quarks were the dominant power of their reality, theorised by the [[Fourth Doctor]] to be the result of a hypothetical absence of the [[Dalek]]s. A [[fleet]] passed into a gate through [[the Void]] to [[N-Space]] and engaged in battle with forces of the [[Kroton Imperium]] who had arrived the same way. Discovering [[the Doctor's TARDIS]], they engaged a [[transmat]] opposing that of the Quarks to bring it aboard, with the Fourth Doctor and [[Romana II]] taking the chance and boarding one ship, which they found inhabited by advanced [[Kroton (species)|Krotons]], to stop the [[tug of war]]. A boarding party of Quarks was transmated to the ship to intercept but was quickly destroyed by the Krotons. Soon after, both Quark and Kroton fleets were attacked by forces of the [[Ogron Confederation of Planets]] who, coming from yet another universe, sought to cease hostilities between what they saw as "lesser-evolved species" via the use of deadly force. Ultimately, all three sides retreated to out of fear when the Doctor and Romana revealed the existence of the Daleks and their own people, the [[Time Lord]]s. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Lost Dimension (comic story)}})


== Other information ==
== Other information ==
[[File:QuarkPerspective.jpg|thumb|A Quark's perspective ([[TV]]: ''[[The Dominators (TV story)|The Dominators]]'')]]
[[File:QuarkPerspective.jpg|thumb|A Quark's perspective ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Dominators (TV story)}})]]
* During his trial, the [[Second Doctor]] recalled the Quarks as one of the adversaries he had broken the [[Time Lord]] [[non-interference policy|code of non-interference]] to fight. ([[TV]]: ''[[The War Games]]'')
During his trial, the Second Doctor recalled the Quarks as one of the adversaries he had broken the [[Time Lord]] [[non-interference policy|code of non-interference]] to fight. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The War Games (TV story)}})
* The [[Sixth Doctor]] and [[Melanie Bush]] fought the Quarks and their [[Giant Wasp]]s again. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Millennial Rites]]'')
 
* [[Iris Wildthyme]] was once trapped in the [[Death Zone]] and encountered Quarks. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Scarlet Empress]]'')
The [[Sixth Doctor]] encountered the Quarks with [[Mathew Sharpe]], ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Lure of the Nomad (audio story)}}) and later fought them and their [[Giant Wasp]]s with [[Melanie Bush]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Millennial Rites (novel)}})
* {{Ainley|c}} once attacked [[the Graak]] with Quarks, which was inside one of [[the Celestial Toymaker]]'s toys. They could be stopped by a [[water pistol]] that squirted some sort of blue liquid. ([[GAME]]: ''[[Destiny of the Doctors]]'')
 
''It may be that the [[The Celestial Toybox|toybox]] Quarks were just toys as they were seen to be clockwork.''
[[Iris Wildthyme]] was once trapped in the [[Death Zone]] and encountered Quarks. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scarlet Empress (novel)}})
 
{{Ainley|c}} once attacked [[the Graak]] with Quarks, which was inside one of the [[Celestial Toymaker]]'s toys. They could be stopped by a [[water pistol]] that squirted some sort of blue liquid. ([[GAME]]: {{cs|Destiny of the Doctors (video game)}})
 
[[Panda]] once met someone dressed in a Quark outfit. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Whatever Happened to Iris Wildthyme? (audio story)}})
 
In the [[video game]] ''[[Happy Deathday]]'', played by [[Izzy Sinclair]] on the [[Time-Space Visualiser]], a Quark was among a host of "every single [[enemy]]" that [[the Doctor]] had ever [[defeat]]ed, who were assembled by the [[Beige Guardian]] and pitted against the Doctor's first eight [[incarnation]]s. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Happy Deathday (comic story)}})
 
Writing a new afterword for ''[[The Secret Lives of Monsters]]'', the [[Twelfth Doctor]] noted that the Quarks were one of the monsters who had not been mentioned in the book's text. The Doctor went on to write that, given the missing information, the book was only "a good start" to the story of threats. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Secret Lives of Monsters (novel)}})
 
Upon meeting her younger self, [[Major]] [[Lucy Wilson|Lucy Lethbridge-Stewart]] remarked that she still hated school and would prefer be forced to fight an entire [[battalion]] of Quarks on her own rather than return to it. An even older version of Lucy, "the Crone", implied such a battle against the Quarks would come for the major. ([[PROSE]] {{cs|Past, Present & Yet To Come (short story)}})


== Behind the scenes ==
== Behind the scenes ==
[[File:Quark technical manual.jpg|right|thumb|A detailed diagram of a Quark from ''[[The Doctor Who Technical Manual]]''.]]
[[File:Quark technical manual.jpg|right|thumb|A detailed diagram of a Quark from ''[[The Doctor Who Technical Manual]]''.]]
The Quarks were originally created by [[Mervyn Haisman]] and [[Henry Lincoln]] for ''[[The Dominators]]''. They left the project as they felt it was no longer faithful to their original draft. A major factor in this was the design of the Quarks and the fact that ''The Dominators'' had been shortened from six to five parts. As a result, the story aired with the writers' names taken off and a [[pseudonym]] substituted.  
The Quarks were originally created by [[Mervyn Haisman]] and [[Henry Lincoln]] for ''[[The Dominators (TV story)|The Dominators]]''. They left the project as they felt it was no longer faithful to their original draft. A major factor in this was the design of the Quarks and the fact that ''The Dominators'' had been shortened from six to five parts. As a result, the story aired with the writers' names taken off and a [[pseudonym]] substituted.


Haisman and Lincoln later felt cheated out of royalties from merchandise featuring the Quarks.  
Haisman and Lincoln later felt cheated out of royalties from merchandise featuring the Quarks. Owing to their small size, children inhabited the costumes. Despite the [[Dominator]]s being the titular enemy and their leaders, the Quarks appeared in ''[[TV Comic]]'' in an uncharacteristic manner, as solo villains, without the Dominators.


A Quark, with a [[Dalek]], a [[Robot Yeti|Yeti]], an [[Ice Warrior]] and a [[Cyberman]], appeared briefly in studio (rather than in previously seen footage) in the last episode of ''[[The War Games]]''. One also appeared in publicity photos for that story.
A Quark, along with a [[Dalek]], a [[Robot Yeti|Yeti]], an [[Ice Warrior]] and a [[Cyberman]], appeared briefly in studio (versus previously seen footage from past stories) in the last episode of ''[[The War Games (TV story)|The War Games]] '' and in publicity photos taken during the shoot during which the monsters posed with the Doctor, played by Patrick Troughton.


Despite the [[Dominator]]s being the titular enemy and their leaders, the Quarks appeared in ''[[TV Comic]]'' in an uncharacteristic manner, as solo villains, without the Dominators.
The trailer ''[[Legend (home video)|Legend]]'' on ''[[P.R.O.B.E. Case Files - Volume 2]]'' claimed [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart]] had defended the Earth from Quarks and Dominators.
{{ImageLink}}


{{Quark stories}}
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[[Category:Robots]]
[[Category:Robots]]
[[Category:Slave species]]
[[Category:Slave species]]

Latest revision as of 19:58, 12 March 2024

This article needs to be updated.

Power of the Dominators (audio story), Home Fires Burn (novel)

These omissions are so great that the article's factual accuracy has been compromised. Check out the discussion page and revision history for further clues about what needs to be updated in this article.

You may be looking for Quark (physics).

Quarks were robots that served in the Dominators' multi-galactic empire. An offshoot of rebel Quarks went on to conquer worlds on their own. These Quarks were dangerous enough that the Doctor was forewarned so he could place John and Gillian Who in a safer location. (COMIC: Invasion of the Quarks [+]Loading...["Invasion of the Quarks (comic story)"])

Appearance[[edit] | [edit source]]

File:Quark TheDominators.png
Appearance of a quark (TV: The Dominators [+]Loading...["The Dominators (TV story)"])

Quarks were cuboid in shape with a sphere on top. Four spikes came from opposite sides of this sphere, with one on top. They had rectangular compartments on their chests into which their cuboid arms folded. Their arms were equipped with weaponry and manipulating appendages. The spore spikes were red along with the rim attaching them all. The rest of the sphere was black and the body was grey. The Quarks' feet were large pieces of metal in the shape of a block; poles attached these to the body. (TV: The Dominators [+]Loading...["The Dominators (TV story)"])

Some historians hypothesized that the Quarks were not truly robots, using it as an explanation as why the Dominators needed to use slaves if they could seemingly make robot minions. Instead, they noted the Quarks' love of destruction, child-like voices, and small sizes as evidence for a much darker origin. (PROSE: The Monster Vault [+]Loading...["The Monster Vault (novel)"])

Abilities[[edit] | [edit source]]

A parallel universe Quark ship in an engagement against the Kroton Imperium. (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]Loading...["The Lost Dimension (comic story)"])

Quarks were able to use their guns to kill directly, stun, electrocute, communicate and to power up objects. They could collect data from a survey just by turning 360 degrees. They emitted warning signals when tripped or covered.

The Dominators had symbols representing each Quark on a wall, the symbol for the corresponding Quark flashing when that Quark was destroyed. Dominator Quarks generally communicated with bleeps, shrill squeaks, and squawks, although they were capable of high-pitched speech. (TV: The Dominators [+]Loading...["The Dominators (TV story)"])

Quarks operating independently made use of Quark craft and ray guns separate from their in-built weaponry. (COMIC: Death Race [+]Loading...["Death Race (comic story)"]) On several occasions, the independent Quarks used Giant Wasps to cover for their limited agility (COMIC: The Killer Wasps [+]Loading...["The Killer Wasps (comic story)"]) and as their servants. (PROSE: The Quantum Archangel [+]Loading...["The Quantum Archangel (novel)"])

The Seventh Doctor once described a specific weakness the Quarks had. According to him, they were effectively "allergic" to leptonite crystals. If they came within half a mile of leptonite, they would explode. (AUDIO: Flip-Flop [+]Loading...["Flip-Flop (audio story)"])

History[[edit] | [edit source]]

According to the Fourth Doctor, the Quarks inhabited a completely different era and region of the universe to the Krotons. Thus, to witness a conflict between the two races would not "make sense". (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]Loading...["The Lost Dimension (comic story)"])

Quarks were originally the robot servants of the Dominators. The Dominators Rago and Toba took a party of Quarks to the planet Dulkis and had them drill a shaft, through which a device could be dropped that would cause a planet-wide volcanic eruption and make the planet an ideal source of power for the Dominators.

Cully takes aim at a Quark. (TV: The Dominators [+]Loading...["The Dominators (TV story)"])

The Second Doctor and his companions Jamie McCrimmon and Zoe Heriot were on Dulkis when this party arrived. Along with the Dulcian Cully, Jamie destroyed a number of Quarks through various methods. He destroyed one by shooting it with a gun, distracted one while Cully smashed it with a large boulder, and used explosives to destroy a third. The Doctor managed to catch the Dominators' bomb as it fell down the mineshaft and, as the Quarks and Dominators prepared to leave, placed it aboard their craft. Once the ship was in flight, the bomb detonated, destroying the remaining Quarks and their masters. (TV: The Dominators [+]Loading...["The Dominators (TV story)"])

In 1943, Eileen le Croisette discovered a steelwork's manager, Huxtable, was creating Quarks to use in his own personal war. (PROSE: Home Fires Burn [+]Loading...["Home Fires Burn (novel)"])

The Dominators took the Quarks to Earth in the 1950s to try and enslave the human race. They used the Quarks to stun anyone who discovered them earlier than intended. The Quarks and the Dominators were defeated by the Tenth Doctor. (COMIC: Quiet on the Set [+]Loading...["Quiet on the Set (comic story)"])

The Quarks battle the Vespiforms. (WC: Monster File: Vespiform [+]Loading...["Monster File: Vespiform (webcast)"])

Other accounts show the Quarks working alone, without reference to the Dominators. They were famed for their brutality and conquests. (COMIC: Invasion of the Quarks [+]Loading...["Invasion of the Quarks (comic story)"]) Jack Harkness referred to "rebel Quarks" in a report on the Vespiform, revealing rumours of the Quark-Vespiform War. (WC: Monster File: Vespiform [+]Loading...["Monster File: Vespiform (webcast)"])

The rebel Quarks had multiple battles with the Second Doctor, especially in their attempts to invade Earth. Their first attempt was in 1968, where a Quark spearhead destroyed a radar tracking station in Scotland and made a landing at an old castle. The Doctor seized their ship and used it to take out the invasion fleet. (COMIC: Invasion of the Quarks [+]Loading...["Invasion of the Quarks (comic story)"]) After this encounter, the Quarks were all ordered to search for and kill the Doctor.

At some point, the rebel Quarks attacked the planet Gano. When the Doctor and Jamie arrived there, seemingly in 1968 as well, the Quarks unleashed their Giant Wasps. (COMIC: The Killer Wasps [+]Loading...["The Killer Wasps (comic story)"]) At another time, apparently on contemporary Earth again, the Quarks ambushed the Doctor and buried the TARDIS under rubble in an attempt to prevent him escaping. (COMIC: Jungle of Doom [+]Loading...["Jungle of Doom (comic story)"])

A single Quark was sent on a scouting mission to Earth in 1967 and crashed near the abandoned village base of the Analysis Bureau. The Bureau attempted to stop the Quark from reporting its findings but failed. When damaged, the Quark used Mr Ottowa's severed head in place of its own. (PROSE: The Analysis Bureau [+]Loading...["The Analysis Bureau (novel)"]) The Dominators arrived soon after the message was sent.

The Dominators used a squad of slave Quarks to guard their nuclear power station when they infiltrated Britain. These Quarks were modified to open up into ten-feet tall killing machines. Colonel Lethbridge-Stewart led a small commando raid on the site in 1969, finding the Quarks could shrug off some bullets but were vulnerable to grenade launchers and Mills bombs. The surviving Quarks were taken into the custody of the Vault. (PROSE: Mutually Assured Domination [+]Loading...["Mutually Assured Domination (novel)"])

In 1971, when the Doctor invented the Martha series of houseworker robots and sold them to an American company, the Quarks waited until they were widespread across the country and then turned them against humanity. This was intended as a prelude to their invasion, but they were routed when the Doctor reprogrammed the Marthas to engage the Quark armies. (COMIC: Martha the Mechanical Housemaid [+]Loading...["Martha the Mechanical Housemaid (comic story)"])

At some point, the Brigadier and UNIT reprogrammed Quarks to fight Rill defence drones. One of those Quarks eventually wound up at an arcade in Porthcawl. (PROSE: The Arcade of Doom [+]Loading...["The Arcade of Doom (short story)"])

In 1984, slave Quarks were part of a failed Dominator secret invasion of Earth. Under Iceland, Major Whitaker's UNIT forces destroyed them. (COMIC: The Fires Down Below [+]Loading...["The Fires Down Below (comic story)"])

In 2018, Lucy Wilson accidentally activated the Porthcawl Quark. It blew up most of the arcade before shutting down after recognising her as a Lethbridge-Stewart. (PROSE: The Arcade of Doom [+]Loading...["The Arcade of Doom (short story)"]) This Quark ended up at a skip. (PROSE: Beyond the Sunset [+]Loading...["Beyond the Sunset (short story)"]) Later, at an eSports expose, Lucy Wilson was exposed to the memories of a Quark that had rampaged for the Dominators across the galaxy. The Quark's remains tried to use her to escape. (PROSE: The Expo of Terror [+]Loading...["The Expo of Terror (short story)"]) That incident reactivated the Porthcawl Quark, and Lucy and Hobo recovered it only to learn the Quark's mind had been upgraded: it now had freedom from its programming, enough to feel grief it was the last of its kind on Earth, to desire death, and to wonder what lay 'beyond'. Lucy Wilson sat with it until it died. (PROSE: Beyond the Sunset [+]Loading...["Beyond the Sunset (short story)"])

In 2044, a Quark squad arrived on the planet Hekton to kill the Second Doctor, but were defeated by the human colonists. (COMIC: The Duellists [+]Loading...["The Duellists (comic story)"])

A Quark assassin threatens a driver. (COMIC: Death Race [+]Loading...["Death Race (comic story)"])

In 2053, a Quark assassin pursued the Doctor when he participated in an automobile race on Earth. (COMIC: Death Race [+]Loading...["Death Race (comic story)"])

In 3090, the Seventh Doctor and Mel arrived on the planet Puxatornee looking for leptonite crystals with which to defeat the Quarks in an ongoing battle they were having on the space yacht Pinto. It was unknown whether this battle also took place in 3090. (AUDIO: Flip-Flop [+]Loading...["Flip-Flop (audio story)"])

A film adaptation of H.G. Wells' The Time Machine, which according to the Sixth Doctor "hadn't even been bad enough to be good", featured Quarks and the Giant Wasps. (PROSE: Synthespians™ [+]Loading...["Synthespians™ (novel)"])

Rassilon Era[[edit] | [edit source]]

As part of a failed Dominator invasion of Gallifrey, Quarks "flooded" the Capitol. They were fought by Leela and K9 Mark I, who destroyed 39 Quarks between them. Though the Fifth Doctor would claim that there was never "any serious risk of us being conquered", one of the Quarks was fitted with a bomb which caused severe damage to the Capitol, necessitating the construction of a replacement building. (AUDIO: Time in Office [+]Loading...["Time in Office (audio story)"])

Unknown period[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Quarks were among the aliens stuck on Denossus when it was transported to the Time Vortex by the Vortexians. They would remain trapped for over twenty years until the Vortexians were expelled by the Second Doctor. (COMIC: Land of the Blind [+]Loading...["Land of the Blind (comic story)"])

The Eighth Doctor and Guy shared an adventure involving the Quarks. Like Edgar Allan Poe, Charlemagne and the Boston Strangler, the Quarks remarked it was odd that the Doctor was travelling with a gorilla in a cravat and a waistcoat. (AUDIO: The Mummy Speaks! [+]Loading...["The Mummy Speaks! (audio story)"])

Alternate universes[[edit] | [edit source]]

Quarks from a Quark-dominated parallel universe. (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]Loading...["The Lost Dimension (comic story)"])

In an alternate universe, the Quarks were the dominant power of their reality, theorised by the Fourth Doctor to be the result of a hypothetical absence of the Daleks. A fleet passed into a gate through the Void to N-Space and engaged in battle with forces of the Kroton Imperium who had arrived the same way. Discovering the Doctor's TARDIS, they engaged a transmat opposing that of the Quarks to bring it aboard, with the Fourth Doctor and Romana II taking the chance and boarding one ship, which they found inhabited by advanced Krotons, to stop the tug of war. A boarding party of Quarks was transmated to the ship to intercept but was quickly destroyed by the Krotons. Soon after, both Quark and Kroton fleets were attacked by forces of the Ogron Confederation of Planets who, coming from yet another universe, sought to cease hostilities between what they saw as "lesser-evolved species" via the use of deadly force. Ultimately, all three sides retreated to out of fear when the Doctor and Romana revealed the existence of the Daleks and their own people, the Time Lords. (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]Loading...["The Lost Dimension (comic story)"])

Other information[[edit] | [edit source]]

A Quark's perspective (TV: The Dominators [+]Loading...["The Dominators (TV story)"])

During his trial, the Second Doctor recalled the Quarks as one of the adversaries he had broken the Time Lord code of non-interference to fight. (TV: The War Games [+]Loading...["The War Games (TV story)"])

The Sixth Doctor encountered the Quarks with Mathew Sharpe, (AUDIO: The Lure of the Nomad [+]Loading...["The Lure of the Nomad (audio story)"]) and later fought them and their Giant Wasps with Melanie Bush. (PROSE: Millennial Rites [+]Loading...["Millennial Rites (novel)"])

Iris Wildthyme was once trapped in the Death Zone and encountered Quarks. (PROSE: The Scarlet Empress [+]Loading...["The Scarlet Empress (novel)"])

The Tremas Master once attacked the Graak with Quarks, which was inside one of the Celestial Toymaker's toys. They could be stopped by a water pistol that squirted some sort of blue liquid. (GAME: Destiny of the Doctors [+]Loading...["Destiny of the Doctors (video game)"])

Panda once met someone dressed in a Quark outfit. (AUDIO: Whatever Happened to Iris Wildthyme? [+]Loading...["Whatever Happened to Iris Wildthyme? (audio story)"])

In the video game Happy Deathday, played by Izzy Sinclair on the Time-Space Visualiser, a Quark was among a host of "every single enemy" that the Doctor had ever defeated, who were assembled by the Beige Guardian and pitted against the Doctor's first eight incarnations. (COMIC: Happy Deathday [+]Loading...["Happy Deathday (comic story)"])

Writing a new afterword for The Secret Lives of Monsters, the Twelfth Doctor noted that the Quarks were one of the monsters who had not been mentioned in the book's text. The Doctor went on to write that, given the missing information, the book was only "a good start" to the story of threats. (PROSE: The Secret Lives of Monsters [+]Loading...["The Secret Lives of Monsters (novel)"])

Upon meeting her younger self, Major Lucy Lethbridge-Stewart remarked that she still hated school and would prefer be forced to fight an entire battalion of Quarks on her own rather than return to it. An even older version of Lucy, "the Crone", implied such a battle against the Quarks would come for the major. (PROSE Past, Present & Yet To Come [+]Loading...["Past, Present & Yet To Come (short story)"])

Behind the scenes[[edit] | [edit source]]

A detailed diagram of a Quark from The Doctor Who Technical Manual.

The Quarks were originally created by Mervyn Haisman and Henry Lincoln for The Dominators. They left the project as they felt it was no longer faithful to their original draft. A major factor in this was the design of the Quarks and the fact that The Dominators had been shortened from six to five parts. As a result, the story aired with the writers' names taken off and a pseudonym substituted.

Haisman and Lincoln later felt cheated out of royalties from merchandise featuring the Quarks. Owing to their small size, children inhabited the costumes. Despite the Dominators being the titular enemy and their leaders, the Quarks appeared in TV Comic in an uncharacteristic manner, as solo villains, without the Dominators.

A Quark, along with a Dalek, a Yeti, an Ice Warrior and a Cyberman, appeared briefly in studio (versus previously seen footage from past stories) in the last episode of The War Games and in publicity photos taken during the shoot during which the monsters posed with the Doctor, played by Patrick Troughton.

The trailer Legend on P.R.O.B.E. Case Files - Volume 2 claimed Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart had defended the Earth from Quarks and Dominators.