*'''1500''': [[Third Doctor|The Doctor]] and [[Sarah Jane Smith]] are briefly seen as [[ghost]]s. ([[MA]]: ''[[The Ghosts of N-Space (novel)|The Ghosts of N-Space]]'', [[BBCR]]: ''[[The Ghosts of N-Space (audio drama)|The Ghosts of N-Space]]'')
The '''16th century''' was a time of significant religious strife in [[Europe]]. The [[Catholic Church]] sought control of the institutions of government to control the populations of countries such as [[France]] and [[England]]. Throughout the century, the fortunes of the average [[Protestant]] and [[Catholic]] varied, depending upon which religion had the ear of the government of the day. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Massacre (TV story)}}; [[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Marian Conspiracy (audio story)}})
*'''1503''': [[Leonardo da Vinci]] begins work on the [[Mona Lisa]]. [[Fourth Doctor|The Doctor]] would later remember her as "that terrible woman with no eyebrows who wouldn't smile." ([[DW]]: ''[[City of Death]]'')
*'''1505''': The Doctor arrives at [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s studio from the year [[1979]] seeking clues to Count [[Scarlioni]]'s plot to steal the Mona Lisa in that year. He discovers that Leonardo is painting copies of his most famous work for his new patron, Captain [[Tancredi]]. He learns that both Scarlioni and Tancredi are temporal splinters of the same person, [[Scaroth]], last of the [[Jagaroth]]. After being briefly captured and interrogated by Tancredi, the Doctor escapes back to 1979 after writing "This is a fake" on Leonardo's canvasses in felt tip. ([[DW]]: ''[[City of Death]]'')
The [[Aztec]] [[people]] dominated the [[area]] of [[Central Mexico]] from the [[14th century|14th]] to the 16th centuries. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|A History of Humankind (novel)}}) [[Hexagoran]] scouts visited [[London]] during this time and recreated it on [[Luparis]] as [[Lupara]] centuries later. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Hexagora (audio story)}})
*'''1508''': [[Michelangelo]] begins working on the [[Sistine Chapel]]. [[The Doctor]] is present at some point during the work. ([[MA]]: ''[[Managra]]'')
*'''1509''': [[Henry VIII]] succeeds his father and becomes king of [[England]]. At some point during his reign he meets the [[First Doctor]]. When the king throws a [[parson's nose]] at the Doctor, he throws it back. The angry king sends the Doctor and [[Susan Foreman|Susan]] to the [[Tower of London|Tower]]. Fortunately, the [[the Doctor's TARDIS|TARDIS]] happens to be in the Tower, and the two travellers escape. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Sensorites]]'')
It was a century that drew the particular interest to [[the Doctor]]. Not only was he keenly interested in what was happening in [[France]] during this period, ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Massacre (TV story)}}) he was particularly fascinated by the reign of the [[Tudor|House of Tudor]], which was regnant in [[England]] throughout the century. He made several trips to the various [[Tudor]] courts. He was known to have met with [[Henry VIII]], ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Sensorites (TV story)|namedep=Strangers in Space (1)}}, {{cs|The Power of Three (TV story)}}) Lady [[Jane Grey]] ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Nine-Day Queen (short story)}}) and [[Mary I]], ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Marian Conspiracy (audio story)}}) but he was particularly interested in the last of the Tudor monarchs, [[Elizabeth I]], and returned to her court several times during her reign, both in this century and [[17th century|the next]]. At some point around [[1562]], he even married and had [[sex]] with the so-called "virgin queen". ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Shakespeare Code (TV story)}}, {{cs|The End of Time (TV story)}}, {{cs|The Beast Below (TV story)}}, {{cs|The Day of the Doctor (TV story)}}) He also had several encounters with [[John Dee]], one of Elizabeth's closest advisers. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Mortlake (short story)}}; [[PROSE]]: {{cs|Managra (novel)}})
*'''1516''': [[Mary I of England]] is born. [[Sixth Doctor|The Doctor]] will meet her during the events of "[[The Marian Conspiracy]]."
*'''1519''': [[Hernando Cortez]] lands on the shores of [[Mexico]], as predicted by [[Barbara Wright]] ("[[The Aztecs]]") and mentioned by [[Bernice Summerfield]] ("[[The Left-Handed Hummingbird]]").
The Doctor also met with some of the century's keenest minds. He befriended [[Leonardo da Vinci]] during either the first decade of this century or the last decade of [[15th century|the previous one]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Masque of Mandragora (TV story)}}, {{cs|City of Death (TV story)}}) He was also intensely interested in the life and career of [[William Shakespeare]], whom he ran into at several points, both at the end of this century and the beginning of [[17th century|the next]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Shakespeare Code (TV story)}}, [[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Kingmaker (audio story)}})
*[[Leonardo da Vinci]] dies in [[France]]. [[Fourth Doctor|The Doctor]] had met and befriended "Leo" sometime between the events of "[[The Masque of Mandragora]]" and "[[City of Death]]."
*'''1520''': According to [[Barbara Wright]] and [[Susan Foreman]], this year [[Hernando Cortez]] landed in [[Mexico]] and began his conquest of the [[Aztec]]s. ("[[The Aztecs]]").
[[File:1535 witch burning.jpg|thumb|left|A [[British soldier 2 (The Weeping Angels of Mons)|soldier]] sent back in time by a [[Weeping Angel]] is burned as a [[witch]] in [[1535]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Weeping Angels of Mons (comic story)}})]]
*'''1521''': [[Hernando Cortez]] defeats the [[Aztec]]s, as predicted by [[Barbara Wright]] ("[[The Aztecs]]").
[[Witch]] burnings were common in this century. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Weeping Angels of Mons (comic story)}})
*'''1527''': Historical date for the birth of [[John Dee]], who was actually [[Jared Khan]]. ([[NA]]: ''[[Birthright]]'')
*'''1530''': [[Nicholas Copernicus]] formulates his model of a [[sun]]-centered [[planet]]ary system, but will not publish it until shortly before his death in [[1543]]. During his meeting with Professor [[J.P. Kettlewell]], [[Fourth Doctor|the Doctor]] mentions Copernicus as one of many scientists who have faced opposition to their ideas. ([[DW]]: ''[[Robot (TV story)|Robot]]'')
It was in this century that the [[Order of Saint Peter]] was founded in Eastern Europe. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Minuet in Hell (audio story)}})
*'''1533''': [[Elizabeth I of England]] is born. [[The Doctor]] will be present at her coronation in [[1559]] ([[DW]]: ''[[The Curse of Peladon]]''), and will visit her occasionally until shortly before her death in [[1603]] ([[NA]]: ''[[Birthright]]'').
{{jackpond}}
*[[Stephen Bathory]], King of Poland, is born. He will briefly receive [[John Dee]] and [[Edward Kelley]] during their tour of [[Europe]]. ([[MA]]: ''[[Managra]]'')
It was also among the centuries endured by [[Ashildr]], ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Woman Who Lived (TV story)}}) a [[9th century]]<ref>In ''The Woman Who Lived'', which is set in the year [[1651]], Ashildr mentions having had 800 years of adventure.</ref> [[Viking]] girl who was rendered effectively [[immortality|immortal]] when she was brought back to life by the [[Twelfth Doctor]] through a self-repairing [[Mire]] [[repair kit]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Girl Who Died (TV story)}})
*'''1537''': Lady [[Jane Grey]] is born. [[First Doctor|The Doctor]] will meet her during the events of "[[The Nine-Day Queen]]."
*'''1540''': The [[Haemovariform]]'s shooting star crashes in the [[Glen of St Catherine]]. ([[TS]]: ''[[Tardisode 2]]'')
== Footnotes ==
*'''1550''': [[Charles IX]] of France, who will play a pivotal role in the events of "[[The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve]]," is born in [[Paris]].
{{reflist}}
*[[Nostradamus]] writes the first of his almanacs, containing his now famous prophecies, conceived with the assistance of the [[Canavitchi]]. ([[PDA]]: ''[[The King of Terror]]'') [[Madame Nostradamus]], "a witty little knitter," creates the scarf the Doctor will wear during his [[Fourth Doctor|fourth incarnation]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Ark in Space]]'')
*'''1553''': The events of "[[The Nine-Day Queen]]" occur at this time, concluding as [[Mary I of England]] deposes [[Jane Grey]] and imprisons her in the [[Tower of London]] under charges of treason.
*'''1554''': The Doctor visits [[Jane Grey]] in the Tower of London just prior to her execution. ([[BFA]]: ''[[The Marian Conspiracy]]'')
*[[Jane Grey]] is beheaded for treason by [[Mary I of England]]. [[First Doctor|The Doctor]] foresaw this, but knew he could not prevent it. ([[VD]]: ''[[The Nine-Day Queen]]'')
*Mary I of England enacts Heresy Laws against English Protestants, especially those who voice support for her sister, [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth]]. ([[BFA]]: ''[[The Marian Conspiracy]]'')
*'''1555''': In [[January]], [[Sixth Doctor|the Doctor]] visits England with [[Evelyn Smythe]], a history lecturer from 2000, in pursuit of the source of a temporal nexus that is causing Smythe's family to disappear from the timestream. Posing as Queen Mary's physician, the Doctor discovers that it is Smythe's own actions in encouraging an attempt on Mary's life that are paradoxically causing the nexus. Averting these attempts - after a spell in the [[Tower of London]] - the TARDIS leaves England, with Mary praying for the Doctor to return and the safe birth of an heir, neither of which come to pass. ([[BFA]]: ''[[The Marian Conspiracy]]'')
*'''1560''': [[Elizabeth Bathory]] is born in [[Hungary]]. [[Fourth Doctor|The Doctor]] will have a particularly haunting encounter with her, and her [[black magic]] experiments. ([[MA]]: ''[[Managra]]'')
*[[Seventh Doctor|The Doctor]] and [[Chris Cwej]] arrive in feudal [[Japan]], encountering [[Penelope Gate]] and [[Joel Mintz]]. ([[NA]]: ''[[The Room With No Doors]]'')
*'''1562''': Over 1000 [[Huguenot]]s are killed at [[Wassy]] by Francis, Duke of Guise. The act starts the First War of Religion in [[France]] and is noted ten years later when [[First Doctor|the Doctor]] and [[Steven Taylor]] visit France. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve]]'')
*'''1563''': [[Robert Cecil]] is born. ([[MA]]: ''[[The Plotters]]'')
*'''1564''': On [[15th February]], [[Galileo Galilei]] is born in [[Pisa]], [[Italy]], while [[Christopher Marlowe]] is baptized on [[24th February]] in [[Canterbury]]. Both will be involved in the events surrounding the [[Armageddon Convention]] in [[Venice]] in [[1609]]. ([[MA]]: ''[[The Empire of Glass]]'')
* On [[18th February]], [[Michelangelo]] dies in [[Rome]]. [[The Doctor]] had been present at some point during Michelangelo's painting of the [[Sistine Chapel]], and it was because of this fact that the Doctor deduced the replica of the Chapel in [[Europa]]'s version of the [[Vatican]] was just that. ([[MA]]: ''[[Managra]]'')
*'''1566''': The future [[James I of England |James VI of Scotland/James I of England]] is born at [[Edinburgh]] Castle. During James' reign as James I of England, [[First Doctor|the Doctor]] and his [[companion]]s become involved in the [[Gunpowder Plot]] to assassinate James in [[1605]]. ([[MA]]: ''[[The Plotters]]'')
*[[Nostradamus]] dies. His now famous prophecies were written with the assistance of the [[Canavitchi]]. ([[PDA]]: ''[[The King of Terror]]'') [[Madame Nostradamus]], "a witty little knitter," created the scarf the Doctor wore during his [[Fourth Doctor|fourth incarnation]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Ark in Space]]'')
*'''1572''': The events of "[[The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve]]" occur at this time.
*[[Boscombe Hall]] was built on the former site of the Convent of the Little Sisters of St. Gudula at [[Boscombe]]. Earlier in the century, [[Henry VIII]] had sealed the unhappy fate of the convent, headed by [[Cessair of Diplos]] posing as its Mother Superior, by conducting his so-called "[[Dissolution of the Monasteries]]" campaign. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Stones of Blood]]'')
*'''1580''': From around this time, John Whiteside-Smith - an ancestor of [[Evelyn Smythe]] - becomes an adviser at the court of Elizabeth I. The Doctor vaguely recalls "the chap" being around during one of his many visitors to this period. ([[BFA]]: ''[[The Marian Conspiracy]]'')
*'''1582''': [[Seventh Doctor|The Doctor]] and [[Ace]] make a stopover in [[Rome]] during their search for the [[Timewyrm]]. ([[NA]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Revelation]]'')
*'''1583''': [[John Dee]] and [[Edward Kelley]] depart for [[Poland]] to begin a tour of [[Europe]]. Welcomed by King [[Stephen Bathory]] of [[Poland]], they eventually travel to visit the king's neice, the Countess [[Elizabeth Bathory]], in [[Austria]]. Elizabeth is conducting black magic rituals which involve the blood sacrifice of young women. [[Francis Pearson]] is also present at these rituals, which result in the conjuration of the [[Mimic]], which pursues Pearson back to [[England]]. [[The Doctor]] is also present at some point in these events, and tries and fails to save a young girl from the countess. The experience still haunts him in his [[Fourth Doctor|fourth incarnation]]. ([[MA]]: ''[[Managra]]'')
*'''1587''': The west wing of [[Chase Mansion]] is completed. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Seeds of Doom]]'')
* The [[Greld]] attack the [[Roanoke]] colony, implanting mind-control devices in the colonists together with components of a meta-cobalt bomb. [[Christopher Marlowe]] escapes and returns to [[England]] with a Greld control device in his brain. ([[MA]]: ''[[The Empire of Glass]]'')
*'''1588''': [[The Doctor]] is playing nine pins with [[Francis Drake]] when Drake is called away to fight the Spanish Armada. The Doctor lets Drake win so he can get away in time to join the fight. ([[DW]]: ''[[Four to Doomsday]]'', [[NA]]: ''[[Birthright]]'')
*'''1589''': [[John Dee]] returns to [[England]], having parted company with [[Edward Kelly]] during their tour of [[Europe]]. ([[MA]]: ''[[Managra]]'')
*'''1593''': At some point after [[August]] of last year [[English]] playwright and spy [[Christopher Marlowe]] was mortally wounded during a duel in a [[London]] tavern. Marlowe survived, and the control device implanted in his brain by the [[Greld]] during their attack on the [[Roanoke]] colony was removed by the attending surgeon, who was unaware of its true nature. Some time after his brush with death, Marlowe left [[London]], allowing others to believe him dead. He will later turn up in [[Venice]] using the name Giovanni Chigi. ([[MA]]: ''[[The Empire of Glass]]'')
*'''1594''': A [[Zygon]] spacecraft, crippled during an attack on its fleet by the [[Xaranti]], crashes on [[Earth]]. Its crew hides amongst the [[human]] inhabitants of [[London]] for the next three centuries. ([[EDA]]: ''[[The Bodysnatchers]]'')
*'''1598''': *Queen [[Elizabeth I]] discusses [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]'s latest play, probably ''Henry VI'', with the playwright and [[Francis Bacon]]. The event is witnessed by the [[the Doctor's TARDIS|TARDIS]] crew on [[First Doctor|the Doctor's]] [[Time-Space Visualiser]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Chase]]'')
*'''1599''': [[Tenth Doctor|The Doctor]] takes [[Martha Jones]] to the [[Globe Theatre]] in [[London]] to meet [[William Shakespeare]]. There, the [[Carrionite]]s attempt to release their brethren and invade [[Earth]], but are stopped by Shakespeare himself. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Shakespeare Code]]'')
The 16th century was a time of significant religious strife in Europe. The Catholic Church sought control of the institutions of government to control the populations of countries such as France and England. Throughout the century, the fortunes of the average Protestant and Catholic varied, depending upon which religion had the ear of the government of the day. (TV: The Massacre[+]Loading...["The Massacre (TV story)"]; AUDIO: The Marian Conspiracy[+]Loading...["The Marian Conspiracy (audio story)"])
It was a century that drew the particular interest to the Doctor. Not only was he keenly interested in what was happening in France during this period, (TV: The Massacre[+]Loading...["The Massacre (TV story)"]) he was particularly fascinated by the reign of the House of Tudor, which was regnant in England throughout the century. He made several trips to the various Tudor courts. He was known to have met with Henry VIII, (TV: "Strangers in Space"[+]Part of The Sensorites, Loading...{"namedep":"Strangers in Space (1)","1":"The Sensorites (TV story)"}, The Power of Three[+]Loading...["The Power of Three (TV story)"]) Lady Jane Grey (PROSE: The Nine-Day Queen[+]Loading...["The Nine-Day Queen (short story)"]) and Mary I, (AUDIO: The Marian Conspiracy[+]Loading...["The Marian Conspiracy (audio story)"]) but he was particularly interested in the last of the Tudor monarchs, Elizabeth I, and returned to her court several times during her reign, both in this century and the next. At some point around 1562, he even married and had sex with the so-called "virgin queen". (TV: The Shakespeare Code[+]Loading...["The Shakespeare Code (TV story)"], The End of Time[+]Loading...["The End of Time (TV story)"], The Beast Below[+]Loading...["The Beast Below (TV story)"], The Day of the Doctor[+]Loading...["The Day of the Doctor (TV story)"]) He also had several encounters with John Dee, one of Elizabeth's closest advisers. (PROSE: Mortlake[+]Loading...["Mortlake (short story)"]; PROSE: Managra[+]Loading...["Managra (novel)"])
The Doctor also met with some of the century's keenest minds. He befriended Leonardo da Vinci during either the first decade of this century or the last decade of the previous one. (TV: The Masque of Mandragora[+]Loading...["The Masque of Mandragora (TV story)"], City of Death[+]Loading...["City of Death (TV story)"]) He was also intensely interested in the life and career of William Shakespeare, whom he ran into at several points, both at the end of this century and the beginning of the next. (TV: The Shakespeare Code[+]Loading...["The Shakespeare Code (TV story)"], AUDIO: The Kingmaker[+]Loading...["The Kingmaker (audio story)"])
As with most centuries of the first two millennia, the 16th century was home to Jack Harkness, Amy Pond and an Auton duplicate of Rory Williams. A version of Jack from around the time of the deaths of Toshiko Sato and Owen Harper existed in this century, having been buried alive in the 1st century by his brother, Gray. He perpetually died and resurrected an unknown number of times in an earthen tomb underneath Cardiff. (TV: Exit Wounds) Meanwhile, a near-dead Amy Pond was kept alive inside the Pandorica, beginning in the 2nd century. An Auton version of Rory kept vigil near her the entire time. They both awaited a moment in the mid-1990s when a young Amelia Pond would touch the outside of the Pandorica and restore Amy to full health. (TV: The Big Bang)
It was substantially unclear whether the events of the subsequent Big Bang Two erased Amy and Rory's presence in the 16th century. This ambiguity was caused, in part, because the non-Auton, married Rory Williams claimed to have remembered being "made of plastic" at his wedding reception, suggesting that, at least inasmuch as he was concerned, he and Amy were present in the 16th century. (TV: The Big Bang) Amy seemed to also remember those events, and displayed a fondness for the Auton Rory both during her honeymoon (TV: A Christmas Carol) and during a kind of lullaby to her newborn child Melody Pond. (TV: A Good Man Goes to War)
