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Binomial nomenclature; also known as binomial designation, scientific name, or Latin name; was a system of naming organisms with a formal name of two terms: genus and species. (PROSE: The Menagerie) Subspecies were given a third term. (PROSE: The Pirate Loop)
At the gardens on the Scientifica colony, Adric saw each plant had a nameplate that included their common and scientific names. (PROSE: Cold Fusion)
Earth species
Animals
The I-Spyder Book of Earth Creatures included the binomial nomenclature for each listed animal species: (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
Mammals
- Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
- Black rat (Rattus rattus) (PROSE: All-Consuming Fire, Antidote to Oblivion)
- Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) (PROSE: All-Consuming Fire, Times Squared)
- Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Ark in Space)
- Cat (Felis silvestra catus or Felis catus) (PROSE: Outstanding Balance, Resurrection of the Daleks)
- Dog (Canis familiaris) (PROSE: Cat's Cradle: Witch Mark)
- Eastern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli) (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
- Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) (PROSE: Artificial Intelligence)
- Homo erectus (PROSE: Beige Planet Mars, Sometime Never...)
- Homo habilis (PROSE: Genocide, The Taking of Planet 5, AUDIO: Interstitial)
- Homo naledi (PROSE: Interlude from a Civil War)
- Human (Homo sapiens sapiens) (PROSE: The Pirate Loop)
- Ilin Island cloudrunner (Crateromys paulus) (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
- Lion (Felis leo) (PROSE: The Romans)
- Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
- Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalis) (PROSE: Predating the Predators)
- Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) (AUDIO: The Wreck of the Titan)
- Quagga (Equus quagga quagga) (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
- Sabre-toothed tiger (Smilodon fatalis) (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
- Steller's sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas) (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
- Sumatran bamboo rat (Rhizomys sumatrensis) (PROSE: All-Consuming Fire)
- Tasmanian tiger (Thylacinus cynocephalus) (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
- Tiger (Panthera tigris) (PROSE: The Year of Intelligent Tigers)
- Western European badger (Meles meles meles) (PROSE: The Pirate Loop)
- Wolf (Canis lupus) (PROSE: Cat's Cradle: Witch Mark)
- Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) (AUDIO: The Emerald Tiger)
35 million years in Earth's future, the common mouse evolved into Mus musculus sapiens, the smartest creature on the planet. (PROSE: Omegamorphosis)
Variations of humanity
Josiah Samuel Smith classified some humans as Homo Victorianus Ineptus. (TV: Ghost Light)
Homo peculiar were an advanced mutation of homo sapiens that began emerging through telepathic youth in the 20th century. (PROSE: Peculiar Lives)
Steve and Val Ross taught that the destiny of the human race was to mate with alien species and become the Homo stellar. (AUDIO: Believe)
The Homo superior were a group of children on Earth that did missions for the Galactic Federation. (PROSE: The Blue Angel)
Homo solarians were a posthuman species who lived inside the Sun after it destroyed Earth. (PROSE: The Brakespeare Voyage)
Birds
- Dodo (Raphus cucullatus or Didus ineptus) (PROSE: The Last Dodo, Cat's Cradle: Time's Crucible)
- Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis) (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
- Kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
- Paradise parrot (Psephotus pulcherrimus) (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
- Phorusrhacos (Phorusrhacos longissimus) (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
Reptiles
- Ankylosaurus (Ankylosaurus magniventris) (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
- Chinese three-striped box turtle (Cuora trifasciata) (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
- Diplodocus (Diplodocus longus) (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
- Dromaeosaurus (Dromaeosaurus albertensis) (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
- Pterodactylus antiquus (PROSE: Something Borrowed)
- Megalosaurus (Megalosaurus buckland) (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
- Tyrannosaurus rex (TV: Invasion of the Dinosaurs, et al.)
The Silurians and their "underwater cousins" the Sea Devil were known as Homo reptilia. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters, Doctor Who and the Sea-Devils, TV: The Hungry Earth) Both groups of Earth Reptiles were also known as Homo Reptilicus. (PROSE: First Frontier) Alternatively, Petronella Osgood referred to both Silurians and Sea Devils as Reptilia sapiens. (AUDIO: Tidal Wave)
Invertebrates
- Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) (PROSE: Lucy Wilson & the Bledoe Cadets)
- Jellyfish (Turritopsis nutricula) (TV: End of the Road)
- Mimic octopus (Thaumoctopus mimicus) (PROSE: T.memeticus: A Morphology)
Plants
- Amyris elemifera (PROSE: Another Life)
- Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) (TV: The Sensorites)
- Lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis) (PROSE: The Secret in Vault 13)
- Oak (Quercus robur) (PROSE: The Secret in Vault 13)
- Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) (PROSE: The Secret in Vault 13)
- Sanicula europaea (TV: Castrovalva)
- Tea (Camellia sinesis) (AUDIO: A Small Semblance of Home)
- Valeriana officinalis (TV: Castrovalva, The Mark of the Rani)
- Willow (Salix fragilis) (PROSE: The Secret in Vault 13)
- Wolfsbane (Aconitum napellus) (PROSE: Wolfsbane)
Fungi
Microorganisms
- Bubonic plague (Yersinia pestis) (COMIC: Black Death White Life, Antidote to Oblivion)
- E. coli (PROSE: Deadfall)
Gallifreyan species
The I-Spyder Book of Earth Creatures gave Time Lords the binomial nomenclature of Dominus temporis. (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
Madevinia aridosa was the name of a Gallifreyan flower. (PROSE: Cat's Cradle: Time's Crucible)
Other species
Originally a hoax fossil created by the First Doctor, (AUDIO: The Suffering) Tim Connolly used remembrance tanks in City of the Saved to turn the Piltdown Man (Homo piltdownensis) into a real species. (PROSE: The Adventure of the Piltdown Prelate)
The Mecrim (Singropoda mecrimus) were a genetically engineered species used as weapons in the Human-Draconian War. (PROSE: The Menagerie)
The Dreamweaver was also known as Somnifax vehementi. (AUDIO: The Lovecraft Invasion)
The weed planet of Necros was known as Herbabaculum vitae, which was Latin for "staff of life". (TV: Revelation of the Daleks, PROSE: Revelation of the Daleks)
Rusty looked like a giant squirrel and was given the "long Sci-latin name" of Para sciurus vulgaris. (PROSE: Shadowmind)
A stuffed Venusaurus erectus of Venus was an exibit at Mildeo Twisknadine's Museum of Things That Don't Exist. (PROSE: The Taking of Planet 5)
Faries were also known as Homo fata vulgaris. (PROSE: The Shining Man)
Blowfish were also known as Homoformatus piscis. (PROSE: The Baby Farmers)
An aspect of the Enemy was called Thaumoctopus memeticus. (PROSE: T.memeticus: A Morphology)