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{{first pic| | {{first pic|Chameleon Circuit.jpg|[[The Doctor's TARDIS]] turns from a [[police box]] into a dresser. ([[TV]]: ''[[Attack of the Cybermen (TV story)|Attack of the Cybermen]]'')}}{{you may|Chameleon Circuit (band)|n1=the band}} | ||
The '''chameleon circuit''' was the component of a [[TARDIS]] which changed its [[outer plasmic shell]] to assume a shape which blended in with its surroundings. | The '''chameleon circuit''' was the component of a [[TARDIS]] which changed its [[outer plasmic shell]] to assume a shape which blended in with its surroundings so it would be unnoticed when it landed. The Time Lords' greatest rivals, the [[Dalek]]s, developed the same technology for their [[Dalek ship|ships]] as well. | ||
== Function == | == Function == | ||
Default TARDIS exteriors looked like plain, grey cabinets which opened via a sliding door. ([[TV]]: | Default TARDIS exteriors looked like plain, grey cabinets or tall columns which opened via a sliding door. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The War Games (TV story)}}, {{cs|The Name of the Doctor (TV story)}}, {{cs|Hell Bent (TV story)}}, {{cs|The Timeless Children (TV story)}}) | ||
A TARDIS with a functioning chameleon circuit could appear as almost anything desired. The owner could program the circuit to make it assume a specific shape. If no appearance was specified, the TARDIS automatically chose its own shape. ([[TV]]: | [[Type 30]] were the first TT Capsule to be fitted with a chameleon circuit, done by [[Jelen]] and her technicians and dating before the [[Eye of Harmony]] creation. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scrolls of Rassilon (short story)}}) | ||
A TARDIS with a functioning chameleon circuit could appear as almost anything desired. The owner could program the circuit to make it assume a specific shape. If no appearance was specified, the TARDIS automatically chose its own shape. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Logopolis (TV story)}}) When a TARDIS materialised in a new location, within the first nanosecond of landing its chameleon circuit analysed the surrounding area, calculated a twelve-dimensional data map of all objects within a thousand-mile radius and then determined which outer shell would best blend in with the environment. According to the [[Eleventh Doctor]], his TARDIS would perform these functions, but then disguise itself as a [[1960s]] era [[police box]] anyway. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Meanwhile in the TARDIS (TV story)}}) | |||
The circuit could contain the large and futuristic interior doors of TARDISes, making it seem from the outside that the doors from the exterior were also that of the interior and vice versa. ([[TV]]: {{cs|An Unearthly Child (TV story)}} et al.) The circuit was also capable of this when the two doors were incompatible, for example being of different sizes. | |||
[[File:Chameleon Circuit contains.jpg|left|thumb|[[Vicki Pallister|Vicki]] and [[Steven Taylor|Steven]] crouch to enter [[the Monk's TARDIS]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Time Meddler (TV story)|The Time Meddler]]'')]] | |||
At least in the case of [[the Monk's TARDIS]] when being disguised as a [[sarcophagus]], the two doors existed simultaneously stacked against each other. The camouflaged doors opened outwards and once inside a black wall could be seen that covered the part of the doorway not part of the disguise leaving a small hatch to exit that blended in to the surroundings, the interior doors opening into the inside of the craft as to not disturb this. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Time Meddler (TV story)}}) Later iterations of [[the Doctor's TARDIS]] incorporated the [[police box]] doors into both the interior and exterior. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Rose (TV story)}} et al.) | |||
In the [[Thirteenth Doctor]]'s TARDIS, the [[TARDIS control room|console room]] began extending from the back of the [[police box]] rather than beginning after the doors, essentially meaning that an entire police box was part of the disguise in both the exterior and interior. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Ghost Monument (TV story)}} et al.) | |||
The chameleon circuit could be used to have one TARDIS mimic the outer appearance of the other, down to the TARDIS control room looking the same through the doors. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Revolution of the Daleks (TV story)}}) | |||
== Specific TARDISes == | == Specific TARDISes == | ||
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The chameleon circuit was operational during the [[First Doctor]] and his granddaughter [[Susan Foreman]]'s initial journeys together in the TARDIS after leaving [[Gallifrey]]. | The chameleon circuit was operational during the [[First Doctor]] and his granddaughter [[Susan Foreman]]'s initial journeys together in the TARDIS after leaving [[Gallifrey]]. | ||
For the Doctor and Susan's first trip in the TARDIS, to Earth's [[The Moon|Moon]] in the [[distant past]], it took the form of a tall boulder. On their second trip, to a planet orbiting a blue sun, it assumed the form of a giant mushroom. ([[AUDIO]]: | For the Doctor and Susan's first trip in the TARDIS, to Earth's [[The Moon|Moon]] in the [[distant past]], it took the form of a tall [[boulder]]. On their second trip, to a [[planet (The Beginning)|planet]] orbiting a blue sun, it assumed the form of a giant mushroom. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Beginning (audio story)}}) | ||
On [[Iwa]], it again took the form of a boulder. ([[PROSE]]: | On [[Iwa]], it again took the form of a boulder. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Frayed (novel)}}) | ||
On [[Rua]], it took the form of a large alloy cupboard. Susan was uncertain as to how well it fit with its surroundings. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Sleeping Blood (audio story)}}) | |||
On [[ | On a [[Planet (The Arboreals)|Planet]] 483 [[light-year]]s from [[Earth Central]], the TARDIS took the form of a [[tree stump]]. ([[PROSE]]:{{cs|The Arboreals (short story)}}) | ||
In [[Worms]], [[Germany]] in the [[16th century]], it disguised itself as a [[shed]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Price of Conviction (short story)}}) | |||
On other occasions, the TARDIS disguised itself as a [[Corinthian]] column and a [[Christmas tree]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Time Travellers (novel)}}) | |||
When it materialised in [[Bridgetown]] on [[Quinnis]] in the [[fourth universe]], the TARDIS assumed the form of a wooden [[kiosk]] with [[red]] and [[white]] awnings. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Quinnis (audio story)}}) | |||
According to one account, the [[Eleventh Doctor]] travelled back in time to [[1963]] and destroyed the TARDIS's chameleon circuit so that the TARDIS would always remain a [[police box]] and the mental image of the TARDIS would be etched into human culture and history. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Hunters of the Burning Stone (comic story)}}) | |||
According to the [[Eighth Doctor]], the chameleon circuit was removed from the First Doctor's TARDIS in order to disguise the container of the [[Hand of Omega]], which he hid in 1963 [[London]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Shoreditch Intervention (audio story)}}) | |||
[[Jack Harkness]] once suggested that a [[dimensionally transcendental]] chameleon circuit was placed on a particular spot in [[Roald Dahl Plass]], where it welded its [[perception filter|perception]] properties to the [[Cardiff Space-Time Rift]], allowing for the [[invisible lift]] used to enter [[Torchwood Cardiff]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Everything Changes (TV story)}}) Indeed, Jack had been present in one instance where the Doctor's TARDIS landed on Roald Dahl Plass, where it used the rift to refuel. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Boom Town (TV story)}}) | |||
==== Flaw discovered ==== | ==== Flaw discovered ==== | ||
After [[Ian Chesterton]] and [[Barbara Wright]] joined the TARDIS crew, it remained fixed in the shape of a [[London]] [[police box]] | After [[Ian Chesterton]] and [[Barbara Wright]] joined the TARDIS crew, it remained fixed in the shape of a [[London]] [[police box]] following its departure from [[I.M. Foreman]]'s yard and rematerialisation in Earth's distant past. Neither the [[First Doctor]] nor [[Susan Foreman|Susan]] could explain why the ship had lost its ability to disguise itself, though both of them were alarmed. ([[TV]]: {{cs|An Unearthly Child (TV story)}}) | ||
The [[Second Doctor]] and Jamie would later learn that the TARDIS's malfunctioning chameleon circuit had actually created a policeman to go with it, in the form of [[Bernard Whittam]]. Bernard ended up exerting such significant influence on his reality that he even created a wife and parents for himself, but locked them at a specific age out of a subconscious refusal to change. Eventually, the Doctor found Bernard, and was forced to erase Bernard from history so that he wouldn't distort reality any further, but he was able to give Bernard the choice. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Last Day at Work (audio story)}}) | |||
The | The [[Fourth Doctor]] told [[Adric]] he had "borrowed" the TARDIS while it was in for repairs. He simply took it before the technicians got around to "doing the [[chameleon conversion]]" because "there were other pressing reasons at the time". ([[TV]]: {{cs|Logopolis (TV story)}}) | ||
The nonchalance of the Fourth Doctor about the malfunctioning circuit was far more typical than the First Doctor's earlier characterisation of it as "most distressing". Although he fleetingly lamented the fact that he never got around to having [[Romana]] help him fix it, ([[TV]]: {{cs|Logopolis (TV story)}}) the Doctor generally seemed to take it in his stride that the chameleon circuit had failed to function. By the time of his [[Ninth Doctor|ninth incarnation]], for instance, he intimated to [[Rose Tyler]] that he simply ''liked'' its appearance as a police box. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Boom Town (TV story)}}) Other [[Time Lord]]s who encountered the Doctor's TARDIS seemed not to want to repair it, either. When {{Delgado}} tried to repair the Doctor's [[Earth]]-bound TARDIS, he expressed no particular concern with fixing the chameleon circuit, though the Master was more focused on getting the ship working again. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Claws of Axos (TV story)}}) Much later, {{simm|n=another incarnation}} of the Master took possession of the TARDIS for an extended period of time, but made no effort to fix the chameleon circuit. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Sound of Drums (TV story)}} / {{cs|Last of the Time Lords (TV story)}}) | |||
Much later, the [[Eleventh Doctor]] expounded on the flaw further to [[Amy Pond]], telling her that the circuit scanned the surroundings upon materialisation, decided on the best disguise, but then always disguised itself as a [[1963]] police box anyway. ([[TV]]: | Despite the chameleon circuit's malfunctioning condition, the TARDIS occasionally still did change details of its outer shell's appearance. Though keeping the general form of a police box, it would change such things as the overall exterior size, shade of blue, window panes, lamp colour, and the text which appeared on the telephone hatch. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Eleventh Hour (TV story)}} et al.) | ||
Much later, the [[Eleventh Doctor]] expounded on the flaw further to [[Amy Pond]], telling her that the circuit scanned the surroundings upon materialisation, decided on the best disguise, but then always disguised itself as a [[1963]] police box anyway. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Meanwhile in the TARDIS (TV story)}}) | |||
[[File:11 in 1's TARDIS - 2.jpg|left|thumb|The [[Eleventh Doctor]] impairs the chameleon circuit for a just cause. | [[File:11 in 1's TARDIS - 2.jpg|left|thumb|The [[Eleventh Doctor]] impairs the chameleon circuit for a just cause. | ||
([[COMIC]]: ''[[Hunters of the Burning Stone (comic story)|Hunters of the Burning Stone]]'')]] | ([[COMIC]]: ''[[Hunters of the Burning Stone (comic story)|Hunters of the Burning Stone]]'')]] | ||
The [[Eleventh Doctor]] later learned that he had gone back to deliberately sabotage his TARDIS' own chameleon circuit some time before Ian and Barbara followed Susan back to the TARDIS. It was a necessary sacrifice to defeat a plan concocted by the [[Promethean]]s, who wished to alter the [[Race memory|ancestral memories]] of [[human]]ity to the days when they | The [[Eleventh Doctor]] later learned that he had gone back to deliberately sabotage his TARDIS's own chameleon circuit some time before Ian and Barbara followed Susan back to the TARDIS. It was a necessary sacrifice to defeat a plan concocted by the [[Promethean]]s, who wished to alter the [[Race memory|ancestral memories]] of [[human]]ity to the days when they worshipped the Sun, reverting the species back to a Stone Age mentality. By ensuring that the TARDIS would remain fixed in one particular shape, he implanted the image of the TARDIS into humankind's race memories, establishing a multi-generational link for them to remember their advancement, because the Blue Box image would be implanted into the Ancestral Memory of Earth's history. Where the Prometheans used the Sun as an image of worship, the Doctor used the Blue Box as a symbol of protection and strength, reminding humanity not to fear the dark as there was always help for those who needed it. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Hunters of the Burning Stone (comic story)}}) | ||
==== Repair attempts ==== | ==== Repair attempts ==== | ||
Despite a general lack of enthusiasm for repairing the chameleon circuit, there were nevertheless a few efforts made. | Despite a general lack of enthusiasm for repairing the chameleon circuit, there were nevertheless a few efforts made. | ||
The [[Fourth Doctor]] was hoping to repair it in [[Logopolis]] by using [[Block Transfer Computation]]s when {{Ainley}} interfered with the [[Logopolitan]]s' calculations. ([[TV]]: | The [[Fourth Doctor]] was hoping to repair it in [[Logopolis]] by using [[Block Transfer Computation]]s when {{Ainley}} interfered with the [[Logopolitan]]s' calculations. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Logopolis (TV story)}}) However, earlier in his fourth incarnation, he had described the idea of his future self repairing the chameleon circuit as "vulgar". ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Light at the End (audio story)}}) | ||
[[Nyssa]] tried to repair it on her own, without even referencing the [[TARDIS manual]]. After double-checking her work and finding it surprisingly sound, the [[Fifth Doctor]] chose an overly-ambitious environment for the first test of Nyssa's work. He materialised in one of [[Earth]]'s oceans, whereupon it turned into a [[whale]] | [[Nyssa]] tried to repair it on her own, without even referencing the [[TARDIS manual]]. After double-checking her work and finding it surprisingly sound, the [[Fifth Doctor]] chose an overly-ambitious environment for the first test of Nyssa's work. He materialised in one of [[Earth]]'s oceans, whereupon it turned into a [[whale]] – both externally and internally. It became so comfortable in its new form that it seemed to forget that it was a TARDIS at all. Only by transmitting his heartbeats underwater and reminding it of its link to him was the Doctor able to swim into one of its arteries, undo Nyssa's fixes, and return it to its usual [[police box]] shape. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Deep (audio story)}}) | ||
The [[Sixth Doctor]]'s attempt was temporarily successful. He repaired it for a brief period when he returned to Totter's Lane in [[1985]], but after a few transformations into shapes that still refused to blend into their surroundings | The [[Sixth Doctor]]'s attempt was temporarily successful. He repaired it for a brief period when he returned to Totter's Lane in [[1985]], but after a few transformations into shapes that still refused to blend into their surroundings – and, on some occasions, even made it hard to figure out how he was meant to enter his ship in the first place – it reverted to its usual police box form. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Attack of the Cybermen (TV story)}}) He persisted on another occasion, with the TARDIS rapidly shifting between a variety of increasingly incongruous forms before settling back into the shape of the police box (though with a new coat of paint); [[Peri Brown|Peri]], quite put-off by the sight, demanded he put an end to his tinkerings. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Quick Change (comic story)}}) | ||
During his [[Seventh Doctor|seventh incarnation]], the Doctor temporarily used an [[The Doctor's TARDIS ( | During his [[Seventh Doctor|seventh incarnation]], the Doctor temporarily used an [[The Doctor's TARDIS (Silurian Earth)|alternate version]] of his TARDIS that he discovered in an alternate universe where his [[Third Doctor|third incarnation]] was killed by the [[Silurian]]s and took when his own ship was lost in a tar pit. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Blood Heat (novel)}}) He was able to restore the functionality of this ship's chameleon circuit. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Conundrum (novel)}}) He later reset it to a police box after [[the Monk]] hacked into the circuit and nearly gave away its location by turning it into the [[Statue of Liberty]] while it was materialised around [[Nelson's Column]], the Doctor concluding that, while the police box look was old-fashioned, he had come to regard it as very him. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|No Future (novel)}}) | ||
When [[Donna Noble]] briefly had an active Time Lord [[consciousness]], she began to tell the [[Tenth Doctor]] how he might be able to repair the circuit, but her brain began to overload before she could complete the instructions. ([[TV]]: | When [[Donna Noble]] briefly had an active Time Lord [[consciousness]], she began to tell the [[Tenth Doctor]] how he might be able to repair the circuit, but her brain began to overload before she could complete the instructions. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Journey's End (TV story)}}) | ||
{{Quote|You know you could fix that chameleon circuit if you just tried hotbinding the fragment links and superseding the binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary.|[[Donna Noble]]}} | |||
=== The Monk's TARDIS === | === The Monk's TARDIS === | ||
[[The Monk]]'s [[The Monk's TARDIS|TARDIS]] appeared as a [[Saxon]] [[sarcophagus]] in an abandoned [[England|English]] [[monastery]] of [[1066]], ([[TV]]: | [[The Monk]]'s [[The Monk's TARDIS|TARDIS]] appeared as a [[Saxon]] [[sarcophagus]] in an abandoned [[England|English]] [[monastery]] of [[1066]], ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Time Meddler (TV story)}}) a large stone on [[Tigus]] and a stone block in [[Egypt]] in [[BC|2650 BC]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Daleks' Master Plan (TV story)}}) | ||
The First Doctor caused it to appear as a motorcycle, an ornamental coach, a covered wagon, a tank and possibly other forms before impishly setting it as a police box to distract the [[Dalek]]s into thinking the Monk's TARDIS was his own. When the Doctor stole the directional unit from the Monk's TARDIS and stranded him on an ice planet, it assumed the form of a block of ice. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Daleks' Master Plan (TV story)}}) | |||
In London in [[1976]], it assumed the form of a wooden desk, a phone booth, a van, a ship funnel, a BBC prop cupboard, a motorcycle and a [[filing cabinet]]. When attempting to trap the Doctor in a cylinder on the same iceworld he trapped him in, his TARDIS took the form of a rocky outcrop. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|No Future (novel)}}) | |||
In | In the Abbey of Kells in [[Ireland]] in [[1006]], it once again assumed the form of a sarcophagus. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Book of Kells (audio story)}}) | ||
When the Monk took the [[Eighth Doctor]]'s companion [[Tamsin Drew]] to the planet [[Halcyon (planet)|Halcyon]] in the [[33rd century]], his TARDIS assumed the form of a ''[[Punch and Judy]]'' stall. He told her that it could have taken the form of a tree which would have made it less conspicuous but that would also have made it more difficult to find, given that it had materialised in a forest. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Resurrection of Mars (audio story)}}) | |||
While in a stolen spaceship under [[Loch Ness]] in [[1979]], the Monk's TARDIS took the form of a plain white wardrobe. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Persistence of Memory (short story)}}) | |||
=== The Master's TARDIS === | === The Master's TARDIS === | ||
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[[The Master]]'s [[the Master's TARDIS|TARDIS]] took on several different forms during his many encounters with the Doctor. It often adapted to fit a need of the Master or to hide it as a generic object, although he tended to program it to adopt the "default" form of a column when he was materialising in a manner where he didn't care if the Doctor knew where he'd hidden the ship. | [[The Master]]'s [[the Master's TARDIS|TARDIS]] took on several different forms during his many encounters with the Doctor. It often adapted to fit a need of the Master or to hide it as a generic object, although he tended to program it to adopt the "default" form of a column when he was materialising in a manner where he didn't care if the Doctor knew where he'd hidden the ship. | ||
On several occasions, the Master's TARDIS took the form of a [[grandfather clock]]. ([[TV]]: | On several occasions, the Master's TARDIS took the form of a [[grandfather clock]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Deadly Assassin (TV story)}}, {{cs|The Keeper of Traken (TV story)}}; [[AUDIO]]: {{cs|And You Will Obey Me (audio story)}}, {{cs|The Two Masters (audio story)}}) | ||
In [[England]] on [[4 March]] [[1215]], it took the form of an [[iron maiden]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The King's Demons (TV story)}}) | |||
In [[ | In [[Heathrow Airport]] in [[1982]], it took the form of a [[Concorde]] Golf Victor Foxtrot. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Time-Flight (TV story)}}) | ||
While in a pocket dimension located on [[23 November]] [[1963]], it was disguised as a [[Tank|military tank]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Light at the End (audio story)}}) | |||
While in | While posing as the home of "[[O (Spyfall)|O]]", it took the form of a [[hut]] in the [[Australian outback]] up to [[2020]]. The TARDIS remained in this form as {{Dhawan}} took it through the [[time vortex]] to [[Paris]] in [[1943]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Spyfall (TV story)}}) During [[the Master's Dalek Plan]], on the [[Cyber-conversion planet]], the Master had his TARDIS take on the form of a police box identical to the Doctor's, with the door's text replaced by manic laughter. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Power of the Doctor (TV story)}}) | ||
=== Others === | === Others === | ||
[[The Rani's TARDIS]] took the form of both a cabinet ([[TV]]: | The [[Dalek]]s had their own version of the circuit. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Apocalypse Element (audio story)}}) | ||
[[The Rani's TARDIS]] took the form of both a cabinet ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Mark of the Rani (TV story)}}) and a translucent pyramid. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Time and the Rani (TV story)}}) | |||
[[Iris Wildthyme's TARDIS]] took the shape of a red double decker bus (Number 22 to Putney Common), and at one point, according to [[Iris Wildthyme|Iris]], was slightly smaller inside than out. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scarlet Empress (novel)}}, {{cs|The Blue Angel (novel)}}, {{cs|Mad Dogs and Englishmen (novel)}}, {{cs|Verdigris (novel)}}) | |||
[[The War Chief's TARDIS]] disguised itself as a sacred oak tree in the [[Sacred Wood]] during his scheme in [[43]] [[AD]] [[Great Britain|Britain]]. ([[GAME]]: {{cite source|The Legions of Death (game)}}) | |||
[[ | [[Chronotis's TARDIS|The TARDIS]] exterior of Professor [[Chronotis]] looked like his rooms' entrance door at [[St Cedd's College]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Shada (TV story)}}) | ||
[[ | A [[Battle TARDIS (All Hands on Deck)|TARDIS]] arriving in [[Susan Foreman]]'s flat appeared in the form of a [[wardrobe]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|All Hands on Deck (audio story)}}) | ||
[[Clara's TARDIS|The TARDIS]] stolen by the [[Twelfth Doctor]] and [[Clara Oswald]] from [[Gallifrey]] and later used by Clara and [[Ashildr]] became stuck in the form of an [[American]] [[diner]]. Ashildr was unable to fix it even with the help of the manual. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Hell Bent (TV story)}}) | |||
In a [[parallel universe]], [[The Doctor's TARDIS (Auld Mortality)|the Doctor's TARDIS]] took the form of a [[barrel]] when it materialised aboard Sir [[Francis Drake (A Storm of Angels)|Francis Drake's]] space galleon, the ''Golden Hind''. On another occasion, it took the form of a [[Morris Oxford]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|A Storm of Angels (audio story)}}) | |||
[[TARDIS 1 (The Timeless Children)|A TARDIS]] stolen by the [[Thirteenth Doctor]] in order to get her human friends home had a chameleon circuit that caused it to take the form of a house upon landing on 21st century Earth. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Timeless Children (TV story)}}) Later, the Doctor used the chameleon circuit on this TARDIS to have it mimic the outer appearance of her own TARDIS. The mimicry included the appearance of the control room of the Doctor's TARDIS through the doors despite this TARDIS having a different appearance for its control room. This change in outer appearance was enough to fool the [[Death Squad Dalek]]s into believing that this TARDIS was in fact the Doctor's TARDIS. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Revolution of the Daleks (TV story)}}) | |||
[[TARDIS 2 (The Timeless Children)|A TARDIS]] stolen by the Thirteenth Doctor to escape from Gallifrey had a functioning chameleon circuit that caused the TARDIS to take the form of a [[tree]] upon landing on the [[refugee planet]]. The Doctor complimented the functioning chameleon circuit before abandoning the TARDIS. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Timeless Children (TV story)}}) | |||
In the [[Unbound Universe]], [[Unbound Master|the Master]] copied the chameleon circuit's design, though being built out of Earth technology, this circuit could only render objects invisible. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Sympathy for the Devil (audio story)}}) | |||
[[Ace's TARDIS]] took the appearance of a large rock whilst on an unknown planet, then as part of a stone henge when [[Tauras]] stole it. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Intervention Earth (audio story)}}) | |||
== Behind the scenes == | == Behind the scenes == | ||
=== Nomenclature === | === Nomenclature === | ||
* Though reference was made to the TARDIS' supposed ability to change to match its surroundings in the first ''[[Doctor Who]]'' story ''[[An Unearthly Child]] | * Though reference was made to the TARDIS's supposed ability to change to match its surroundings in the first ''[[Doctor Who]]'' story ''[[An Unearthly Child (TV story)|An Unearthly Child]]'', the chameleon circuit itself was not specifically referred to until ''[[The Time Meddler (TV story)|The Time Meddler]]'', in which it was called a "camouflage unit". The device was not mentioned again until ''[[Logopolis (TV story)|Logopolis]]'', in which it was called the "chameleon circuit", the term to which it has generally been referred ever since. | ||
* In [[Doctor Who (TV story)|the TV Movie]], the chameleon circuit was referred to in dialogue as the TARDIS' " | * In [[Doctor Who (TV story)|the TV Movie]], the chameleon circuit was referred to in dialogue as the TARDIS's "[[cloaking device]]", a term from ''[[Star Trek (franchise)|Star Trek]]''. | ||
* The first use of the "chameleon" nomenclature must be attributed to [[Malcolm Hulke]], who wrote the ''Doctor Who'' radio script "Journey into Time" recorded by Stanmark Productions in June 1966, in which the circuit was called the "Electronic Chameleon System". | * The first use of the "chameleon" nomenclature must be attributed to [[Malcolm Hulke]], who wrote the ''Doctor Who'' radio script "Journey into Time" recorded by Stanmark Productions in June 1966, in which the circuit was called the "Electronic Chameleon System". | ||
* The choice of name was inspired by the ability of [[chameleon (reptile)|chameleons]] to change their skin colour, which has been generally thought to be for the purposes of camouflage. | * The choice of name was inspired by the ability of [[chameleon (reptile)|chameleons]] to change their skin colour, which has been generally thought to be for the purposes of camouflage. | ||
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=== Malfunction === | === Malfunction === | ||
* The real-world reason for the chameleon circuit's malfunction is thought to be of a far more practical nature than in-universe: the TARDIS was originally intended to blend with its surroundings during the 'historical' episodes, which would have required an expensive redress or replacement of the TARDIS prop for every story. Others have suggested that the constant police box shape was selected to provide something contemporary audiences would instantly recognise in any story settings. | * The real-world reason for the chameleon circuit's malfunction is thought to be of a far more practical nature than in-universe: the TARDIS was originally intended to blend with its surroundings during the 'historical' episodes, which would have required an expensive redress or replacement of the TARDIS prop for every story. Others have suggested that the constant police box shape was selected to provide something contemporary audiences would instantly recognise in any story settings. | ||
[[cs:Chameleoní obvod]] | |||
[[Category:TARDIS circuits]] | [[Category:TARDIS circuits]] | ||
[[Category:Cloaking technology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:41, 3 November 2024
- You may be looking for the band.
The chameleon circuit was the component of a TARDIS which changed its outer plasmic shell to assume a shape which blended in with its surroundings so it would be unnoticed when it landed. The Time Lords' greatest rivals, the Daleks, developed the same technology for their ships as well.
Function[[edit] | [edit source]]
Default TARDIS exteriors looked like plain, grey cabinets or tall columns which opened via a sliding door. (TV: The War Games [+]Loading...["The War Games (TV story)"], The Name of the Doctor [+]Loading...["The Name of the Doctor (TV story)"], Hell Bent [+]Loading...["Hell Bent (TV story)"], The Timeless Children [+]Loading...["The Timeless Children (TV story)"])
Type 30 were the first TT Capsule to be fitted with a chameleon circuit, done by Jelen and her technicians and dating before the Eye of Harmony creation. (PROSE: The Scrolls of Rassilon [+]Loading...["The Scrolls of Rassilon (short story)"])
A TARDIS with a functioning chameleon circuit could appear as almost anything desired. The owner could program the circuit to make it assume a specific shape. If no appearance was specified, the TARDIS automatically chose its own shape. (TV: Logopolis [+]Loading...["Logopolis (TV story)"]) When a TARDIS materialised in a new location, within the first nanosecond of landing its chameleon circuit analysed the surrounding area, calculated a twelve-dimensional data map of all objects within a thousand-mile radius and then determined which outer shell would best blend in with the environment. According to the Eleventh Doctor, his TARDIS would perform these functions, but then disguise itself as a 1960s era police box anyway. (TV: Meanwhile in the TARDIS [+]Loading...["Meanwhile in the TARDIS (TV story)"])
The circuit could contain the large and futuristic interior doors of TARDISes, making it seem from the outside that the doors from the exterior were also that of the interior and vice versa. (TV: An Unearthly Child [+]Loading...["An Unearthly Child (TV story)"] et al.) The circuit was also capable of this when the two doors were incompatible, for example being of different sizes.
At least in the case of the Monk's TARDIS when being disguised as a sarcophagus, the two doors existed simultaneously stacked against each other. The camouflaged doors opened outwards and once inside a black wall could be seen that covered the part of the doorway not part of the disguise leaving a small hatch to exit that blended in to the surroundings, the interior doors opening into the inside of the craft as to not disturb this. (TV: The Time Meddler [+]Loading...["The Time Meddler (TV story)"]) Later iterations of the Doctor's TARDIS incorporated the police box doors into both the interior and exterior. (TV: Rose [+]Loading...["Rose (TV story)"] et al.)
In the Thirteenth Doctor's TARDIS, the console room began extending from the back of the police box rather than beginning after the doors, essentially meaning that an entire police box was part of the disguise in both the exterior and interior. (TV: The Ghost Monument [+]Loading...["The Ghost Monument (TV story)"] et al.)
The chameleon circuit could be used to have one TARDIS mimic the outer appearance of the other, down to the TARDIS control room looking the same through the doors. (TV: Revolution of the Daleks [+]Loading...["Revolution of the Daleks (TV story)"])
Specific TARDISes[[edit] | [edit source]]
The Doctor's TARDIS[[edit] | [edit source]]
The chameleon circuit was operational during the First Doctor and his granddaughter Susan Foreman's initial journeys together in the TARDIS after leaving Gallifrey.
For the Doctor and Susan's first trip in the TARDIS, to Earth's Moon in the distant past, it took the form of a tall boulder. On their second trip, to a planet orbiting a blue sun, it assumed the form of a giant mushroom. (AUDIO: The Beginning [+]Loading...["The Beginning (audio story)"])
On Iwa, it again took the form of a boulder. (PROSE: Frayed [+]Loading...["Frayed (novel)"])
On Rua, it took the form of a large alloy cupboard. Susan was uncertain as to how well it fit with its surroundings. (AUDIO: The Sleeping Blood [+]Loading...["The Sleeping Blood (audio story)"])
On a Planet 483 light-years from Earth Central, the TARDIS took the form of a tree stump. (PROSE:The Arboreals [+]Loading...["The Arboreals (short story)"])
In Worms, Germany in the 16th century, it disguised itself as a shed. (PROSE: The Price of Conviction [+]Loading...["The Price of Conviction (short story)"])
On other occasions, the TARDIS disguised itself as a Corinthian column and a Christmas tree. (PROSE: The Time Travellers [+]Loading...["The Time Travellers (novel)"])
When it materialised in Bridgetown on Quinnis in the fourth universe, the TARDIS assumed the form of a wooden kiosk with red and white awnings. (AUDIO: Quinnis [+]Loading...["Quinnis (audio story)"])
According to one account, the Eleventh Doctor travelled back in time to 1963 and destroyed the TARDIS's chameleon circuit so that the TARDIS would always remain a police box and the mental image of the TARDIS would be etched into human culture and history. (COMIC: Hunters of the Burning Stone [+]Loading...["Hunters of the Burning Stone (comic story)"])
According to the Eighth Doctor, the chameleon circuit was removed from the First Doctor's TARDIS in order to disguise the container of the Hand of Omega, which he hid in 1963 London. (AUDIO: The Shoreditch Intervention [+]Loading...["The Shoreditch Intervention (audio story)"])
Jack Harkness once suggested that a dimensionally transcendental chameleon circuit was placed on a particular spot in Roald Dahl Plass, where it welded its perception properties to the Cardiff Space-Time Rift, allowing for the invisible lift used to enter Torchwood Cardiff. (TV: Everything Changes [+]Loading...["Everything Changes (TV story)"]) Indeed, Jack had been present in one instance where the Doctor's TARDIS landed on Roald Dahl Plass, where it used the rift to refuel. (TV: Boom Town [+]Loading...["Boom Town (TV story)"])
Flaw discovered[[edit] | [edit source]]
After Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright joined the TARDIS crew, it remained fixed in the shape of a London police box following its departure from I.M. Foreman's yard and rematerialisation in Earth's distant past. Neither the First Doctor nor Susan could explain why the ship had lost its ability to disguise itself, though both of them were alarmed. (TV: An Unearthly Child [+]Loading...["An Unearthly Child (TV story)"])
The Second Doctor and Jamie would later learn that the TARDIS's malfunctioning chameleon circuit had actually created a policeman to go with it, in the form of Bernard Whittam. Bernard ended up exerting such significant influence on his reality that he even created a wife and parents for himself, but locked them at a specific age out of a subconscious refusal to change. Eventually, the Doctor found Bernard, and was forced to erase Bernard from history so that he wouldn't distort reality any further, but he was able to give Bernard the choice. (AUDIO: The Last Day at Work [+]Loading...["The Last Day at Work (audio story)"])
The Fourth Doctor told Adric he had "borrowed" the TARDIS while it was in for repairs. He simply took it before the technicians got around to "doing the chameleon conversion" because "there were other pressing reasons at the time". (TV: Logopolis [+]Loading...["Logopolis (TV story)"])
The nonchalance of the Fourth Doctor about the malfunctioning circuit was far more typical than the First Doctor's earlier characterisation of it as "most distressing". Although he fleetingly lamented the fact that he never got around to having Romana help him fix it, (TV: Logopolis [+]Loading...["Logopolis (TV story)"]) the Doctor generally seemed to take it in his stride that the chameleon circuit had failed to function. By the time of his ninth incarnation, for instance, he intimated to Rose Tyler that he simply liked its appearance as a police box. (TV: Boom Town [+]Loading...["Boom Town (TV story)"]) Other Time Lords who encountered the Doctor's TARDIS seemed not to want to repair it, either. When the Master tried to repair the Doctor's Earth-bound TARDIS, he expressed no particular concern with fixing the chameleon circuit, though the Master was more focused on getting the ship working again. (TV: The Claws of Axos [+]Loading...["The Claws of Axos (TV story)"]) Much later, another incarnation of the Master took possession of the TARDIS for an extended period of time, but made no effort to fix the chameleon circuit. (TV: The Sound of Drums [+]Loading...["The Sound of Drums (TV story)"] / Last of the Time Lords [+]Loading...["Last of the Time Lords (TV story)"])
Despite the chameleon circuit's malfunctioning condition, the TARDIS occasionally still did change details of its outer shell's appearance. Though keeping the general form of a police box, it would change such things as the overall exterior size, shade of blue, window panes, lamp colour, and the text which appeared on the telephone hatch. (TV: The Eleventh Hour [+]Loading...["The Eleventh Hour (TV story)"] et al.)
Much later, the Eleventh Doctor expounded on the flaw further to Amy Pond, telling her that the circuit scanned the surroundings upon materialisation, decided on the best disguise, but then always disguised itself as a 1963 police box anyway. (TV: Meanwhile in the TARDIS [+]Loading...["Meanwhile in the TARDIS (TV story)"])
The Eleventh Doctor later learned that he had gone back to deliberately sabotage his TARDIS's own chameleon circuit some time before Ian and Barbara followed Susan back to the TARDIS. It was a necessary sacrifice to defeat a plan concocted by the Prometheans, who wished to alter the ancestral memories of humanity to the days when they worshipped the Sun, reverting the species back to a Stone Age mentality. By ensuring that the TARDIS would remain fixed in one particular shape, he implanted the image of the TARDIS into humankind's race memories, establishing a multi-generational link for them to remember their advancement, because the Blue Box image would be implanted into the Ancestral Memory of Earth's history. Where the Prometheans used the Sun as an image of worship, the Doctor used the Blue Box as a symbol of protection and strength, reminding humanity not to fear the dark as there was always help for those who needed it. (COMIC: Hunters of the Burning Stone [+]Loading...["Hunters of the Burning Stone (comic story)"])
Repair attempts[[edit] | [edit source]]
Despite a general lack of enthusiasm for repairing the chameleon circuit, there were nevertheless a few efforts made.
The Fourth Doctor was hoping to repair it in Logopolis by using Block Transfer Computations when the Tremas Master interfered with the Logopolitans' calculations. (TV: Logopolis [+]Loading...["Logopolis (TV story)"]) However, earlier in his fourth incarnation, he had described the idea of his future self repairing the chameleon circuit as "vulgar". (AUDIO: The Light at the End [+]Loading...["The Light at the End (audio story)"])
Nyssa tried to repair it on her own, without even referencing the TARDIS manual. After double-checking her work and finding it surprisingly sound, the Fifth Doctor chose an overly-ambitious environment for the first test of Nyssa's work. He materialised in one of Earth's oceans, whereupon it turned into a whale – both externally and internally. It became so comfortable in its new form that it seemed to forget that it was a TARDIS at all. Only by transmitting his heartbeats underwater and reminding it of its link to him was the Doctor able to swim into one of its arteries, undo Nyssa's fixes, and return it to its usual police box shape. (AUDIO: The Deep [+]Loading...["The Deep (audio story)"])
The Sixth Doctor's attempt was temporarily successful. He repaired it for a brief period when he returned to Totter's Lane in 1985, but after a few transformations into shapes that still refused to blend into their surroundings – and, on some occasions, even made it hard to figure out how he was meant to enter his ship in the first place – it reverted to its usual police box form. (TV: Attack of the Cybermen [+]Loading...["Attack of the Cybermen (TV story)"]) He persisted on another occasion, with the TARDIS rapidly shifting between a variety of increasingly incongruous forms before settling back into the shape of the police box (though with a new coat of paint); Peri, quite put-off by the sight, demanded he put an end to his tinkerings. (COMIC: Quick Change [+]Loading...["Quick Change (comic story)"])
During his seventh incarnation, the Doctor temporarily used an alternate version of his TARDIS that he discovered in an alternate universe where his third incarnation was killed by the Silurians and took when his own ship was lost in a tar pit. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Loading...["Blood Heat (novel)"]) He was able to restore the functionality of this ship's chameleon circuit. (PROSE: Conundrum [+]Loading...["Conundrum (novel)"]) He later reset it to a police box after the Monk hacked into the circuit and nearly gave away its location by turning it into the Statue of Liberty while it was materialised around Nelson's Column, the Doctor concluding that, while the police box look was old-fashioned, he had come to regard it as very him. (PROSE: No Future [+]Loading...["No Future (novel)"])
When Donna Noble briefly had an active Time Lord consciousness, she began to tell the Tenth Doctor how he might be able to repair the circuit, but her brain began to overload before she could complete the instructions. (TV: Journey's End [+]Loading...["Journey's End (TV story)"])
You know you could fix that chameleon circuit if you just tried hotbinding the fragment links and superseding the binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary, binary.
The Monk's TARDIS[[edit] | [edit source]]
The Monk's TARDIS appeared as a Saxon sarcophagus in an abandoned English monastery of 1066, (TV: The Time Meddler [+]Loading...["The Time Meddler (TV story)"]) a large stone on Tigus and a stone block in Egypt in 2650 BC. (TV: The Daleks' Master Plan [+]Loading...["The Daleks' Master Plan (TV story)"])
The First Doctor caused it to appear as a motorcycle, an ornamental coach, a covered wagon, a tank and possibly other forms before impishly setting it as a police box to distract the Daleks into thinking the Monk's TARDIS was his own. When the Doctor stole the directional unit from the Monk's TARDIS and stranded him on an ice planet, it assumed the form of a block of ice. (TV: The Daleks' Master Plan [+]Loading...["The Daleks' Master Plan (TV story)"])
In London in 1976, it assumed the form of a wooden desk, a phone booth, a van, a ship funnel, a BBC prop cupboard, a motorcycle and a filing cabinet. When attempting to trap the Doctor in a cylinder on the same iceworld he trapped him in, his TARDIS took the form of a rocky outcrop. (PROSE: No Future [+]Loading...["No Future (novel)"])
In the Abbey of Kells in Ireland in 1006, it once again assumed the form of a sarcophagus. (AUDIO: The Book of Kells [+]Loading...["The Book of Kells (audio story)"])
When the Monk took the Eighth Doctor's companion Tamsin Drew to the planet Halcyon in the 33rd century, his TARDIS assumed the form of a Punch and Judy stall. He told her that it could have taken the form of a tree which would have made it less conspicuous but that would also have made it more difficult to find, given that it had materialised in a forest. (AUDIO: The Resurrection of Mars [+]Loading...["The Resurrection of Mars (audio story)"])
While in a stolen spaceship under Loch Ness in 1979, the Monk's TARDIS took the form of a plain white wardrobe. (PROSE: The Persistence of Memory [+]Loading...["The Persistence of Memory (short story)"])
The Master's TARDIS[[edit] | [edit source]]
Please help by adding some more information.
The Master's TARDIS took on several different forms during his many encounters with the Doctor. It often adapted to fit a need of the Master or to hide it as a generic object, although he tended to program it to adopt the "default" form of a column when he was materialising in a manner where he didn't care if the Doctor knew where he'd hidden the ship.
On several occasions, the Master's TARDIS took the form of a grandfather clock. (TV: The Deadly Assassin [+]Loading...["The Deadly Assassin (TV story)"], The Keeper of Traken [+]Loading...["The Keeper of Traken (TV story)"]; AUDIO: And You Will Obey Me [+]Loading...["And You Will Obey Me (audio story)"], The Two Masters [+]Loading...["The Two Masters (audio story)"])
In England on 4 March 1215, it took the form of an iron maiden. (TV: The King's Demons [+]Loading...["The King's Demons (TV story)"])
In Heathrow Airport in 1982, it took the form of a Concorde Golf Victor Foxtrot. (TV: Time-Flight [+]Loading...["Time-Flight (TV story)"])
While in a pocket dimension located on 23 November 1963, it was disguised as a military tank. (AUDIO: The Light at the End [+]Loading...["The Light at the End (audio story)"])
While posing as the home of "O", it took the form of a hut in the Australian outback up to 2020. The TARDIS remained in this form as the Spy Master took it through the time vortex to Paris in 1943. (TV: Spyfall [+]Loading...["Spyfall (TV story)"]) During the Master's Dalek Plan, on the Cyber-conversion planet, the Master had his TARDIS take on the form of a police box identical to the Doctor's, with the door's text replaced by manic laughter. (TV: The Power of the Doctor [+]Loading...["The Power of the Doctor (TV story)"])
Others[[edit] | [edit source]]
The Daleks had their own version of the circuit. (AUDIO: The Apocalypse Element [+]Loading...["The Apocalypse Element (audio story)"])
The Rani's TARDIS took the form of both a cabinet (TV: The Mark of the Rani [+]Loading...["The Mark of the Rani (TV story)"]) and a translucent pyramid. (TV: Time and the Rani [+]Loading...["Time and the Rani (TV story)"])
Iris Wildthyme's TARDIS took the shape of a red double decker bus (Number 22 to Putney Common), and at one point, according to Iris, was slightly smaller inside than out. (PROSE: The Scarlet Empress [+]Loading...["The Scarlet Empress (novel)"], The Blue Angel [+]Loading...["The Blue Angel (novel)"], Mad Dogs and Englishmen [+]Loading...["Mad Dogs and Englishmen (novel)"], Verdigris [+]Loading...["Verdigris (novel)"])
The War Chief's TARDIS disguised itself as a sacred oak tree in the Sacred Wood during his scheme in 43 AD Britain. (GAME: The Legions of Death [+]Loading...["The Legions of Death (game)"])
The TARDIS exterior of Professor Chronotis looked like his rooms' entrance door at St Cedd's College. (TV: Shada [+]Loading...["Shada (TV story)"])
A TARDIS arriving in Susan Foreman's flat appeared in the form of a wardrobe. (AUDIO: All Hands on Deck [+]Loading...["All Hands on Deck (audio story)"])
The TARDIS stolen by the Twelfth Doctor and Clara Oswald from Gallifrey and later used by Clara and Ashildr became stuck in the form of an American diner. Ashildr was unable to fix it even with the help of the manual. (TV: Hell Bent [+]Loading...["Hell Bent (TV story)"])
In a parallel universe, the Doctor's TARDIS took the form of a barrel when it materialised aboard Sir Francis Drake's space galleon, the Golden Hind. On another occasion, it took the form of a Morris Oxford. (AUDIO: A Storm of Angels [+]Loading...["A Storm of Angels (audio story)"])
A TARDIS stolen by the Thirteenth Doctor in order to get her human friends home had a chameleon circuit that caused it to take the form of a house upon landing on 21st century Earth. (TV: The Timeless Children [+]Loading...["The Timeless Children (TV story)"]) Later, the Doctor used the chameleon circuit on this TARDIS to have it mimic the outer appearance of her own TARDIS. The mimicry included the appearance of the control room of the Doctor's TARDIS through the doors despite this TARDIS having a different appearance for its control room. This change in outer appearance was enough to fool the Death Squad Daleks into believing that this TARDIS was in fact the Doctor's TARDIS. (TV: Revolution of the Daleks [+]Loading...["Revolution of the Daleks (TV story)"])
A TARDIS stolen by the Thirteenth Doctor to escape from Gallifrey had a functioning chameleon circuit that caused the TARDIS to take the form of a tree upon landing on the refugee planet. The Doctor complimented the functioning chameleon circuit before abandoning the TARDIS. (TV: The Timeless Children [+]Loading...["The Timeless Children (TV story)"])
In the Unbound Universe, the Master copied the chameleon circuit's design, though being built out of Earth technology, this circuit could only render objects invisible. (AUDIO: Sympathy for the Devil [+]Loading...["Sympathy for the Devil (audio story)"])
Ace's TARDIS took the appearance of a large rock whilst on an unknown planet, then as part of a stone henge when Tauras stole it. (AUDIO: Intervention Earth [+]Loading...["Intervention Earth (audio story)"])
Behind the scenes[[edit] | [edit source]]
Nomenclature[[edit] | [edit source]]
- Though reference was made to the TARDIS's supposed ability to change to match its surroundings in the first Doctor Who story An Unearthly Child, the chameleon circuit itself was not specifically referred to until The Time Meddler, in which it was called a "camouflage unit". The device was not mentioned again until Logopolis, in which it was called the "chameleon circuit", the term to which it has generally been referred ever since.
- In the TV Movie, the chameleon circuit was referred to in dialogue as the TARDIS's "cloaking device", a term from Star Trek.
- The first use of the "chameleon" nomenclature must be attributed to Malcolm Hulke, who wrote the Doctor Who radio script "Journey into Time" recorded by Stanmark Productions in June 1966, in which the circuit was called the "Electronic Chameleon System".
- The choice of name was inspired by the ability of chameleons to change their skin colour, which has been generally thought to be for the purposes of camouflage.
Malfunction[[edit] | [edit source]]
- The real-world reason for the chameleon circuit's malfunction is thought to be of a far more practical nature than in-universe: the TARDIS was originally intended to blend with its surroundings during the 'historical' episodes, which would have required an expensive redress or replacement of the TARDIS prop for every story. Others have suggested that the constant police box shape was selected to provide something contemporary audiences would instantly recognise in any story settings.
