Italy: Difference between revisions
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== The Doctor's travels == | == The Doctor's travels == | ||
[[File:Sontar (country).jpg|thumb|Italy as seen on a map in an [[Alternate timeline (War of the Sontarans)|alternate timeline]]. ([[TV]]: | [[File:Sontar (country).jpg|thumb|Italy as seen on a map in an [[Alternate timeline (War of the Sontarans)|alternate timeline]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|War of the Sontarans (TV story)}})]] | ||
[[The Doctor]] made several visits to Italy. In his [[first Doctor|first incarnation]], he even lived there for several weeks, taking an extended holiday near [[Rome]] with [[Barbara Wright]], [[Ian Chesterton]] and [[Vicki Pallister]] in the [[1st century]] [[AD]]. During this visit he was responsible giving [[Nero]] the idea for starting the [[Great Fire of Rome]]. ([[TV]]: | [[The Doctor]] made several visits to Italy. In his [[first Doctor|first incarnation]], he even lived there for several weeks, taking an extended holiday near [[Rome]] with [[Barbara Wright]], [[Ian Chesterton]] and [[Vicki Pallister]] in the [[1st century]] [[AD]]. During this visit he was responsible giving [[Nero]] the idea for starting the [[Great Fire of Rome]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Romans (TV story)}}) | ||
The [[Seventh Doctor]] and [[Ace]] once visited Italy to prevent {{Ainley}} from crossing the [[Rubicon]] in [[Julius Caesar]]'s place. ([[COMIC]]: | The [[Seventh Doctor]] and [[Ace]] once visited Italy to prevent {{Ainley}} from crossing the [[Rubicon]] in [[Julius Caesar]]'s place. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Crossing the Rubicon (comic story)}}) | ||
[[Venice]], a city built on marshland by the sea, ([[TV]]: | [[Venice]], a city built on marshland by the sea, ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Vampires of Venice (TV story)}}) was also of interest to the Doctor. He made several trips to the city in his first, ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Empire of Glass (novel)}}) [[Eighth Doctor|eighth]] ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Stones of Venice (audio story)}}) and [[eleventh Doctor|eleventh incarnations]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Vampires of Venice (TV story)}}) | ||
[[Pompeii]] also attracted the Doctor's attention because of its famed [[volcano|volcanic]] eruption on [[24 August]] [[79]]. The [[Seventh Doctor|Seventh]] ([[AUDIO]]: | [[Pompeii]] also attracted the Doctor's attention because of its famed [[volcano|volcanic]] eruption on [[24 August]] [[79]]. The [[Seventh Doctor|Seventh]] ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Fires of Vulcan (audio story)}}) and [[Tenth Doctor]]s were present during the eruption itself. Indeed, the Tenth Doctor and [[Donna Noble]] were the proximate cause of the explosion that wiped out the city. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Fires of Pompeii (TV story)}}) | ||
The [[Ninth Doctor]] visited [[Foggia]], an Italian location. ([[PROSE]]: | The [[Ninth Doctor]] visited [[Foggia]], an Italian location. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Have You Seen This Man? (short story)}}) | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
=== Early history === | === Early history === | ||
In [[BC#6th century BC|500 BC]], the [[Thirteenth Doctor]], [[Graham O'Brien]], [[Yasmin Khan]] and [[Ryan Sinclair]] visited the [[Pythagoras|Pythagorean]] commune of [[Crotone]] in Italy. ([[PROSE]]: | In [[BC#6th century BC|500 BC]], the [[Thirteenth Doctor]], [[Graham O'Brien]], [[Yasmin Khan]] and [[Ryan Sinclair]] visited the [[Pythagoras|Pythagorean]] commune of [[Crotone]] in Italy. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Pythagoras Problem (short story)}}) | ||
In [[451]], the [[Thirteenth Doctor]], [[Graham O'Brien]], [[Yasmin Khan]] and [[Ryan Sinclair]] visited [[Gaul]]. The Thirteenth Doctor noted that Gaul comprised part of Northern Italy, although they visited the region that would later become [[France]]. ([[PROSE]]: | In [[451]], the [[Thirteenth Doctor]], [[Graham O'Brien]], [[Yasmin Khan]] and [[Ryan Sinclair]] visited [[Gaul]]. The Thirteenth Doctor noted that Gaul comprised part of Northern Italy, although they visited the region that would later become [[France]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Combat Magicks (novel)}}) | ||
In [[493]], the [[Fifth Doctor]], [[Nyssa]] and [[Tegan Jovanka]] visited [[Ravenna]]. ([[PROSE]]: | In [[493]], the [[Fifth Doctor]], [[Nyssa]] and [[Tegan Jovanka]] visited [[Ravenna]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Goths and Robbers (short story)}}) | ||
Originally a collection of huts built on [[marsh]]land by people running from [[Attila the Hun]], [[Venice]] grew into, according to the [[Eleventh Doctor]], "one of the most powerful cities in [[Earth|the world]]". Influenced by a variety of cultures, it was the hub of a trading empire, its islands famously separated by an intricate series of canals. ([[TV]]: | Originally a collection of huts built on [[marsh]]land by people running from [[Attila the Hun]], [[Venice]] grew into, according to the [[Eleventh Doctor]], "one of the most powerful cities in [[Earth|the world]]". Influenced by a variety of cultures, it was the hub of a trading empire, its islands famously separated by an intricate series of canals. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Vampires of Venice (TV story)}}) | ||
In [[1087]], the [[Second Doctor]] was accused of being a Venetian spy by other [[Italian]] [[sailor]]s from [[Bari]]. ([[PROSE]]: | In [[1087]], the [[Second Doctor]] was accused of being a Venetian spy by other [[Italian]] [[sailor]]s from [[Bari]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Saint Nicholas's Bones (short story)}}) | ||
[[Marco Polo]] was born in [[St Mark's Square]] in Venice in [[1252]]. ([[TV]]: | [[Marco Polo]] was born in [[St Mark's Square]] in Venice in [[1252]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Marco Polo (TV story)|namedep=The Roof of the World (1)}}, [[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Empire of Glass (novel)}}) Polo's travels led him to become a part of the court of [[Kublai Khan]]. He hoped to obtain leave to return to Venice by gifting [[the Doctor's TARDIS]] to the Khan. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Marco Polo (TV story)}}) | ||
[[River Song]] visited Venice many times during the [[15th century]], [[20th century]], and [[21st century]] for research during her employment with [[DreamInc]] for the construction of [[New Venice]]. ([[PROSE]]: | [[River Song]] visited Venice many times during the [[15th century]], [[20th century]], and [[21st century]] for research during her employment with [[DreamInc]] for the construction of [[New Venice]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Death in New Venice (short story)}}) | ||
In the 15th century, the [[Fourth Doctor]] visited the city-state of [[San Martino]]. ([[TV]]: | In the 15th century, the [[Fourth Doctor]] visited the city-state of [[San Martino]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Masque of Mandragora (TV story)}}) | ||
In the [[16th century]], the Fourth Doctor visited the workshop of [[Leonardo da Vinci]] in [[Florence]]. ([[TV]]: | In the [[16th century]], the Fourth Doctor visited the workshop of [[Leonardo da Vinci]] in [[Florence]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|City of Death (TV story)}}) | ||
By [[1580]], Venice had a population of some two hundred thousand people. Because of its improbable architecture at or below sea level, it was gradually sinking over time. A colony of [[Saturnyn]] refugees had made it to Venice by this time, led by [[Rosanna Calvierri]], along with her children. Only the male children survived, though there were ten thousand of them. To rectify this problem and save their species, Rosanna lied about an outbreak of the plague, quarantining the city. She took in young girls under the pretence of providing them with a better education, and would drain them of blood and replace it with Saturnyn blood, converting them into Saturnyns. Rosanna also intended to create a tidal wave that would sink the city of Venice, providing them with a habitat to live in. Their actions unwittingly attracted the attention of the [[Eleventh Doctor]], [[Amy Pond|Amy]] and [[Rory Williams|Rory]], and the Saturnyns' plan was ultimately thwarted. ([[TV]]: | By [[1580]], Venice had a population of some two hundred thousand people. Because of its improbable architecture at or below sea level, it was gradually sinking over time. A colony of [[Saturnyn]] refugees had made it to Venice by this time, led by [[Rosanna Calvierri]], along with her children. Only the male children survived, though there were ten thousand of them. To rectify this problem and save their species, Rosanna lied about an outbreak of the plague, quarantining the city. She took in young girls under the pretence of providing them with a better education, and would drain them of blood and replace it with Saturnyn blood, converting them into Saturnyns. Rosanna also intended to create a tidal wave that would sink the city of Venice, providing them with a habitat to live in. Their actions unwittingly attracted the attention of the [[Eleventh Doctor]], [[Amy Pond|Amy]] and [[Rory Williams|Rory]], and the Saturnyns' plan was ultimately thwarted. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Vampires of Venice (TV story)}}) | ||
The [[First Doctor]] visited Venice in [[1609]] with [[Steven Taylor|Steven]] and [[Vicki Pallister|Vicki]]. He told them that it had disappeared into the ocean "centuries before either of [them] were born". ([[PROSE]]: | The [[First Doctor]] visited Venice in [[1609]] with [[Steven Taylor|Steven]] and [[Vicki Pallister|Vicki]]. He told them that it had disappeared into the ocean "centuries before either of [them] were born". ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Empire of Glass (novel)}}) | ||
=== 20th century === | === 20th century === | ||
During the [[1910s]], Italy was caught up in the [[First World War]]. Although bound by [[Triple Alliance|treaty]] to [[Germany]], Italy held back from the war [[1914|for a year]], before siding with the [[Anglo-French alliance]] against Germany in [[1915]]. ([[PROSE]]: | During the [[1910s]], Italy was caught up in the [[First World War]]. Although bound by [[Triple Alliance|treaty]] to [[Germany]], Italy held back from the war [[1914|for a year]], before siding with the [[Anglo-French alliance]] against Germany in [[1915]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Time Traveller's Almanac (reference book)}}) In [[1917]], [[George Newman]] fought on the [[Italian Front]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Fiesta of the Damned (audio story)}}) The [[Ninth Doctor]] visited [[Foggia Airfield Complex|a base]] in [[Foggia]] during the First World War, stealing a [[Spad XIII]] after ingratiating himself with [[Commanding officer (Have You Seen This Man?)|the CO]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Have You Seen This Man? (short story)}}) | ||
The [[1930s]] saw the emergence of the [[Fascism|fascist]] [[dictator]] [[Benito Mussolini]] in Italy. ([[AUDIO]]: | The [[1930s]] saw the emergence of the [[Fascism|fascist]] [[dictator]] [[Benito Mussolini]] in Italy. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Rapture (audio story)}}) Like [[Adolf Hitler]] in [[Germany]], Mussolini rose to power with the help of his charisma. He had a distinctive, angled [[chin]] which helped to project this charisma. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Warchild (novel)}}) He was, however, regarded as a "[[fatso]]" by people in the [[United Kingdom]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Players (novel)}}) | ||
He was famously able to keep [[train]]s running on time, by, rumour had it, keeping the [[clock]]s running a few minutes fast ([[PROSE]]: | He was famously able to keep [[train]]s running on time, by, rumour had it, keeping the [[clock]]s running a few minutes fast ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Instruments of Darkness (novel)}}) and by always keeping the [[light]]s on at the stations. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Parallel 59 (novel)}}) The [[Seventh Doctor]] also pointed out that it was a question of ''how'' the trains were run and what happened to the drivers who were late. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|A Thousand Tiny Wings (audio story)}}) | ||
Mussolini expressed that ruling Italy was easy but utterly pointless. He had a vision of returning the [[nation]] to [[Roman Empire|greatness]]. He allied himself with Hitler's [[Nazi]]s, for which [[Edward Greyhaven]] later branded him a "fool". ([[PROSE]]: | Mussolini expressed that ruling Italy was easy but utterly pointless. He had a vision of returning the [[nation]] to [[Roman Empire|greatness]]. He allied himself with Hitler's [[Nazi]]s, for which [[Edward Greyhaven]] later branded him a "fool". ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Dying Days (novel)}}) | ||
In [[1936]], [[Winston Churchill]] tried to warn people about the danger both Hitler's [[Germany]] and Mussolini's Italy posed to [[Europe]]. ([[PROSE]]: | In [[1936]], [[Winston Churchill]] tried to warn people about the danger both Hitler's [[Germany]] and Mussolini's Italy posed to [[Europe]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Players (novel)}}) However, his warning went unheeded. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Log 384 (short story)}}) | ||
Mussolini's [[Army|armies]] invaded [[Albania]] in [[1939]]. ([[PROSE]]: | Mussolini's [[Army|armies]] invaded [[Albania]] in [[1939]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Deadly Reunion (novel)}}) Later, during [[World War II]], they marched into the [[Democratic Republic]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Earwig Archipelago (short story)}}) They also engaged the [[Allies (World War II)|Allies]] in the [[Sahara Desert]] ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Dying Days (novel)}}) alongside their German allies in [[1941]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Instruments of War (comic story)}}) | ||
In [[1943]], the Allies [[Invasion of Italy|invaded Italy]]. ([[PROSE]]: | In [[1943]], the Allies [[Invasion of Italy|invaded Italy]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Deadly Reunion (novel)}}) Mussolini's own people rose up against him and a mob strung him to a lamp post, ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Dying Days (novel)}}) followed by Italy's change of allegiance. Around the time of the [[Battle of Monte Cassino]] in [[1944]], Italian [[partisan]] groups had begun fighting the Germans in the [[north]] of the [[country]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Treasure Trail (comic story)}}) Mussolini was [[Death sentence|executed]] on [[28 April]] [[1945]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Just War (novel)}}) | ||
In the late [[20th century]], the [[Third Doctor]] spent some time on [[San Stefano Minore]] — near [[Sicily]] — with [[Sarah Jane Smith|Sarah Jane]], [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart|Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart]] and the Brigadier's cousin. ([[AUDIO]]: | In the late [[20th century]], the [[Third Doctor]] spent some time on [[San Stefano Minore]] — near [[Sicily]] — with [[Sarah Jane Smith|Sarah Jane]], [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart|Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart]] and the Brigadier's cousin. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Ghosts of N-Space (audio story)}}) | ||
After millennia of legend, archaeologists eventually rediscovered the lost city of [[Pompeii]], and humanity remembered its fate. ([[TV]]: | After millennia of legend, archaeologists eventually rediscovered the lost city of [[Pompeii]], and humanity remembered its fate. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Fires of Pompeii (TV story)}}) | ||
In [[1980]], an [[earthquake]] damaged Pompeii and uncovered the TARDIS, which had apparently been buried in the eruption. This discovery was reported to UNIT and investigated by the [[Fifth Doctor]], but he departed before he could learn anything more about his future. In reality, however, the Seventh Doctor and Mel had simply entered the ship before the lava reached it, waited inside while the lava hardened around it, and then took the ship forward in time 1900 years to the moment when it had been discovered. ([[AUDIO]]: | In [[1980]], an [[earthquake]] damaged Pompeii and uncovered the TARDIS, which had apparently been buried in the eruption. This discovery was reported to UNIT and investigated by the [[Fifth Doctor]], but he departed before he could learn anything more about his future. In reality, however, the Seventh Doctor and Mel had simply entered the ship before the lava reached it, waited inside while the lava hardened around it, and then took the ship forward in time 1900 years to the moment when it had been discovered. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Fires of Vulcan (audio story)}}) | ||
On [[11 July]] [[1982]], Italy beat [[West Germany]] 3-1 in the [[World Cup]]. The [[Eighth Doctor]] and [[Charley Pollard]] visited the Italian town [[Ferrara]] during the celebrations there. ([[AUDIO]]: | On [[11 July]] [[1982]], Italy beat [[West Germany]] 3-1 in the [[World Cup]]. The [[Eighth Doctor]] and [[Charley Pollard]] visited the Italian town [[Ferrara]] during the celebrations there. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Living Legend (audio story)}}) | ||
=== 21st century === | === 21st century === | ||
On [[25 December]] [[2006]], when the [[Sycorax]] used their [[blood control]] technique on [[Earth]], people with [[A-positive]] [[blood]] stood on top of the remains of the Colosseum, ready to jump to their deaths. This plot was stopped by the newly-[[regeneration|regenerated]] [[Tenth Doctor]]. ([[TV]]: | On [[25 December]] [[2006]], when the [[Sycorax]] used their [[blood control]] technique on [[Earth]], people with [[A-positive]] [[blood]] stood on top of the remains of the Colosseum, ready to jump to their deaths. This plot was stopped by the newly-[[regeneration|regenerated]] [[Tenth Doctor]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Christmas Invasion (TV story)}}) | ||
[[Jackie Tyler]]'s [[washing machine]] at [[48 Bucknall House]] was made in Italy and labeled as such. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Love & Monsters (TV story)}}) | [[Jackie Tyler]]'s [[washing machine]] at [[48 Bucknall House]] was made in Italy and labeled as such. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Love & Monsters (TV story)}}) | ||
In the [[2010s]], Rome was among the world's major cities where forces of flying [[Cyberman|Cybermen]] emerged led by [[Missy]]. Taking to the skies, they created a [[cloud]] of [[cyber-pollen]] above the city. These pollen clouds would then rain upon the [[grave]]s, recruiting the [[dead]] of the [[Earth]] into a new Cyberman army. When control of the Cyberman army went to the hands of the recently-converted [[Danny Pink]], he ordered all Cybermen to return to the skies and self-destruct, taking the pollen clouds with them in their combined explosions. ([[TV]]: | In the [[2010s]], Rome was among the world's major cities where forces of flying [[Cyberman|Cybermen]] emerged led by [[Missy]]. Taking to the skies, they created a [[cloud]] of [[cyber-pollen]] above the city. These pollen clouds would then rain upon the [[grave]]s, recruiting the [[dead]] of the [[Earth]] into a new Cyberman army. When control of the Cyberman army went to the hands of the recently-converted [[Danny Pink]], he ordered all Cybermen to return to the skies and self-destruct, taking the pollen clouds with them in their combined explosions. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Death in Heaven (TV story)}}) | ||
In the mid- to late 21st century, Rome had a [[T-Mat]] centre. ([[TV]]: | In the mid- to late 21st century, Rome had a [[T-Mat]] centre. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Seeds of Death (TV story)}}) | ||
In [[2096]], Rome was an independent city-state on a destitute Earth. ([[PROSE]]: | In [[2096]], Rome was an independent city-state on a destitute Earth. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Indestructible Man (novel)}}) | ||
=== Later history === | === Later history === | ||
In the [[22nd century]], the [[Wronsdehj]] conquered Italy, along with the [[Czech Republic]], [[Austria]], [[Germany]], [[Poland]] and [[France]]. They were eventually defeated by the [[Fourth Doctor]] and [[Romana I]]. ([[PROSE]]: | In the [[22nd century]], the [[Wronsdehj]] conquered Italy, along with the [[Czech Republic]], [[Austria]], [[Germany]], [[Poland]] and [[France]]. They were eventually defeated by the [[Fourth Doctor]] and [[Romana I]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Life from Lifelessness (short story)}}) | ||
In [[2294]], the Eighth Doctor and Charley visited Venice. It was expected to finally sink into the sea as a result of a [[curse]] 100 years previously. However, this was reversed by [[Duchess]] [[Estella (The Stones of Venice)|Estella]] and [[Duke]] [[Orsino (The Stones of Venice)|Orsino]], and the city was returned to its former state, albeit suffering much damage. ([[AUDIO]]: | In [[2294]], the Eighth Doctor and Charley visited Venice. It was expected to finally sink into the sea as a result of a [[curse]] 100 years previously. However, this was reversed by [[Duchess]] [[Estella (The Stones of Venice)|Estella]] and [[Duke]] [[Orsino (The Stones of Venice)|Orsino]], and the city was returned to its former state, albeit suffering much damage. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Stones of Venice (audio story)}}) | ||
=== Alternate timelines === | === Alternate timelines === | ||
In the [[Game of Napoleon and Wellington]], Italy was among the [[nation]]s which were conquered by [[France]] and thus incorporated into [[Napoléon Bonaparte]]'s [[World Empire]]. When the Empire collapsed upon Napoleon's [[death]], Italy was among the conquered countries which were discreetly encouraged by the [[Player]]s to "revert to type", spliting up into separate [[mini-state]]s. ([[PROSE]]: | In the [[Game of Napoleon and Wellington]], Italy was among the [[nation]]s which were conquered by [[France]] and thus incorporated into [[Napoléon Bonaparte]]'s [[World Empire]]. When the Empire collapsed upon Napoleon's [[death]], Italy was among the conquered countries which were discreetly encouraged by the [[Player]]s to "revert to type", spliting up into separate [[mini-state]]s. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|World Game (novel)}}) | ||
== People from Italy == | == People from Italy == | ||
As a populous country with a strong tradition of emigration, Italy had an influence upon the development of the planet [[Earth]] that was difficult to quantify. For example, any number of persons of Italian origin passed through the gates at [[Ellis Island]] to populate [[New York City]] in the [[19th century|19th]] and [[20th century|20th centuries]]. ([[TV]]: | As a populous country with a strong tradition of emigration, Italy had an influence upon the development of the planet [[Earth]] that was difficult to quantify. For example, any number of persons of Italian origin passed through the gates at [[Ellis Island]] to populate [[New York City]] in the [[19th century|19th]] and [[20th century|20th centuries]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Immortal Sins (TV story)}}) | ||
Despite the anonymity of the American immigration, a number of specific Italians ''were'' known by name. A few of her more famous sons, daughters, and direct descendants included [[Angelo Colasanto]], an immigrant to the [[United States]], and his family, ([[TV]]: | Despite the anonymity of the American immigration, a number of specific Italians ''were'' known by name. A few of her more famous sons, daughters, and direct descendants included [[Angelo Colasanto]], an immigrant to the [[United States]], and his family, ([[TV]]: {{cs|Immortal Sins (TV story)}}) [[Leonardo da Vinci]], a renowned artist ([[TV]]: {{cs|City of Death (TV story)}}, {{cs|Mona Lisa's Revenge (TV story)}}) [[Giuseppe di Cattivo]], an artist friendly with Leonardo ([[TV]]: {{cs|Mona Lisa's Revenge (TV story)}}) [[Duke]] [[Giuliano]], an Italian nobleman, and his friends and enemies, ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Masque of Mandragora (TV story)}}) [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart]], who was 1/8th Italian ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Ghosts of N-Space (audio story)}}) and [[Marco Polo]], a [[Venice|Venetian]] who travelled extensively through [[China]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Marco Polo (TV story)}}) | ||
[[Lucia Moretti]] of [[Torchwood Three]] was Italian. In [[1975]], she gave birth to [[Alice Carter]], fathered by [[Jack Harkness]]. ([[TV]]: | [[Lucia Moretti]] of [[Torchwood Three]] was Italian. In [[1975]], she gave birth to [[Alice Carter]], fathered by [[Jack Harkness]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Children of Earth: Day Three (TV story)}}) | ||
=== Alternate timelines === | === Alternate timelines === | ||
[[Rocco Colasanto]] and his Italian family stayed in Leeds with [[Donna Noble|Donna]]'s family and were sent to a "[[labour camp]]" in the [[Donna's World|alternate reality]] created by the [[Time Beetle]]. ([[TV]]: | [[Rocco Colasanto]] and his Italian family stayed in Leeds with [[Donna Noble|Donna]]'s family and were sent to a "[[labour camp]]" in the [[Donna's World|alternate reality]] created by the [[Time Beetle]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Turn Left (TV story)}}) | ||
{{Nations}} | {{Nations}} | ||
Revision as of 19:24, 30 April 2024
Italy was a country in the continent of Europe on the planet Earth.
The Doctor's travels
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The Doctor made several visits to Italy. In his first incarnation, he even lived there for several weeks, taking an extended holiday near Rome with Barbara Wright, Ian Chesterton and Vicki Pallister in the 1st century AD. During this visit he was responsible giving Nero the idea for starting the Great Fire of Rome. (TV: The Romans [+]Loading...["The Romans (TV story)"])
The Seventh Doctor and Ace once visited Italy to prevent the Tremas Master from crossing the Rubicon in Julius Caesar's place. (COMIC: Crossing the Rubicon [+]Loading...["Crossing the Rubicon (comic story)"])
Venice, a city built on marshland by the sea, (TV: The Vampires of Venice [+]Loading...["The Vampires of Venice (TV story)"]) was also of interest to the Doctor. He made several trips to the city in his first, (PROSE: The Empire of Glass [+]Loading...["The Empire of Glass (novel)"]) eighth (AUDIO: The Stones of Venice [+]Loading...["The Stones of Venice (audio story)"]) and eleventh incarnations. (TV: The Vampires of Venice [+]Loading...["The Vampires of Venice (TV story)"])
Pompeii also attracted the Doctor's attention because of its famed volcanic eruption on 24 August 79. The Seventh (AUDIO: The Fires of Vulcan [+]Loading...["The Fires of Vulcan (audio story)"]) and Tenth Doctors were present during the eruption itself. Indeed, the Tenth Doctor and Donna Noble were the proximate cause of the explosion that wiped out the city. (TV: The Fires of Pompeii [+]Loading...["The Fires of Pompeii (TV story)"])
The Ninth Doctor visited Foggia, an Italian location. (PROSE: Have You Seen This Man? [+]Loading...["Have You Seen This Man? (short story)"])
History
Early history
In 500 BC, the Thirteenth Doctor, Graham O'Brien, Yasmin Khan and Ryan Sinclair visited the Pythagorean commune of Crotone in Italy. (PROSE: The Pythagoras Problem [+]Loading...["The Pythagoras Problem (short story)"])
In 451, the Thirteenth Doctor, Graham O'Brien, Yasmin Khan and Ryan Sinclair visited Gaul. The Thirteenth Doctor noted that Gaul comprised part of Northern Italy, although they visited the region that would later become France. (PROSE: Combat Magicks [+]Loading...["Combat Magicks (novel)"])
In 493, the Fifth Doctor, Nyssa and Tegan Jovanka visited Ravenna. (PROSE: Goths and Robbers [+]Loading...["Goths and Robbers (short story)"])
Originally a collection of huts built on marshland by people running from Attila the Hun, Venice grew into, according to the Eleventh Doctor, "one of the most powerful cities in the world". Influenced by a variety of cultures, it was the hub of a trading empire, its islands famously separated by an intricate series of canals. (TV: The Vampires of Venice [+]Loading...["The Vampires of Venice (TV story)"])
In 1087, the Second Doctor was accused of being a Venetian spy by other Italian sailors from Bari. (PROSE: Saint Nicholas's Bones [+]Loading...["Saint Nicholas's Bones (short story)"])
Marco Polo was born in St Mark's Square in Venice in 1252. (TV: "The Roof of the World" [+]Part of Marco Polo, Loading...{"namedep":"The Roof of the World (1)","1":"Marco Polo (TV story)"}, PROSE: The Empire of Glass [+]Loading...["The Empire of Glass (novel)"]) Polo's travels led him to become a part of the court of Kublai Khan. He hoped to obtain leave to return to Venice by gifting the Doctor's TARDIS to the Khan. (TV: Marco Polo [+]Loading...["Marco Polo (TV story)"])
River Song visited Venice many times during the 15th century, 20th century, and 21st century for research during her employment with DreamInc for the construction of New Venice. (PROSE: Death in New Venice [+]Loading...["Death in New Venice (short story)"])
In the 15th century, the Fourth Doctor visited the city-state of San Martino. (TV: The Masque of Mandragora [+]Loading...["The Masque of Mandragora (TV story)"])
In the 16th century, the Fourth Doctor visited the workshop of Leonardo da Vinci in Florence. (TV: City of Death [+]Loading...["City of Death (TV story)"])
By 1580, Venice had a population of some two hundred thousand people. Because of its improbable architecture at or below sea level, it was gradually sinking over time. A colony of Saturnyn refugees had made it to Venice by this time, led by Rosanna Calvierri, along with her children. Only the male children survived, though there were ten thousand of them. To rectify this problem and save their species, Rosanna lied about an outbreak of the plague, quarantining the city. She took in young girls under the pretence of providing them with a better education, and would drain them of blood and replace it with Saturnyn blood, converting them into Saturnyns. Rosanna also intended to create a tidal wave that would sink the city of Venice, providing them with a habitat to live in. Their actions unwittingly attracted the attention of the Eleventh Doctor, Amy and Rory, and the Saturnyns' plan was ultimately thwarted. (TV: The Vampires of Venice [+]Loading...["The Vampires of Venice (TV story)"])
The First Doctor visited Venice in 1609 with Steven and Vicki. He told them that it had disappeared into the ocean "centuries before either of [them] were born". (PROSE: The Empire of Glass [+]Loading...["The Empire of Glass (novel)"])
20th century
During the 1910s, Italy was caught up in the First World War. Although bound by treaty to Germany, Italy held back from the war for a year, before siding with the Anglo-French alliance against Germany in 1915. (PROSE: The Time Traveller's Almanac [+]Loading...["The Time Traveller's Almanac (reference book)"]) In 1917, George Newman fought on the Italian Front. (AUDIO: Fiesta of the Damned [+]Loading...["Fiesta of the Damned (audio story)"]) The Ninth Doctor visited a base in Foggia during the First World War, stealing a Spad XIII after ingratiating himself with the CO. (PROSE: Have You Seen This Man? [+]Loading...["Have You Seen This Man? (short story)"])
The 1930s saw the emergence of the fascist dictator Benito Mussolini in Italy. (AUDIO: The Rapture [+]Loading...["The Rapture (audio story)"]) Like Adolf Hitler in Germany, Mussolini rose to power with the help of his charisma. He had a distinctive, angled chin which helped to project this charisma. (PROSE: Warchild [+]Loading...["Warchild (novel)"]) He was, however, regarded as a "fatso" by people in the United Kingdom. (PROSE: Players [+]Loading...["Players (novel)"])
He was famously able to keep trains running on time, by, rumour had it, keeping the clocks running a few minutes fast (PROSE: Instruments of Darkness [+]Loading...["Instruments of Darkness (novel)"]) and by always keeping the lights on at the stations. (PROSE: Parallel 59 [+]Loading...["Parallel 59 (novel)"]) The Seventh Doctor also pointed out that it was a question of how the trains were run and what happened to the drivers who were late. (AUDIO: A Thousand Tiny Wings [+]Loading...["A Thousand Tiny Wings (audio story)"])
Mussolini expressed that ruling Italy was easy but utterly pointless. He had a vision of returning the nation to greatness. He allied himself with Hitler's Nazis, for which Edward Greyhaven later branded him a "fool". (PROSE: The Dying Days [+]Loading...["The Dying Days (novel)"])
In 1936, Winston Churchill tried to warn people about the danger both Hitler's Germany and Mussolini's Italy posed to Europe. (PROSE: Players [+]Loading...["Players (novel)"]) However, his warning went unheeded. (PROSE: Log 384 [+]Loading...["Log 384 (short story)"])
Mussolini's armies invaded Albania in 1939. (PROSE: Deadly Reunion [+]Loading...["Deadly Reunion (novel)"]) Later, during World War II, they marched into the Democratic Republic. (PROSE: The Earwig Archipelago [+]Loading...["The Earwig Archipelago (short story)"]) They also engaged the Allies in the Sahara Desert (PROSE: The Dying Days [+]Loading...["The Dying Days (novel)"]) alongside their German allies in 1941. (COMIC: The Instruments of War [+]Loading...["The Instruments of War (comic story)"])
In 1943, the Allies invaded Italy. (PROSE: Deadly Reunion [+]Loading...["Deadly Reunion (novel)"]) Mussolini's own people rose up against him and a mob strung him to a lamp post, (PROSE: The Dying Days [+]Loading...["The Dying Days (novel)"]) followed by Italy's change of allegiance. Around the time of the Battle of Monte Cassino in 1944, Italian partisan groups had begun fighting the Germans in the north of the country. (COMIC: Treasure Trail [+]Loading...["Treasure Trail (comic story)"]) Mussolini was executed on 28 April 1945. (PROSE: Just War [+]Loading...["Just War (novel)"])
In the late 20th century, the Third Doctor spent some time on San Stefano Minore — near Sicily — with Sarah Jane, Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart and the Brigadier's cousin. (AUDIO: The Ghosts of N-Space [+]Loading...["The Ghosts of N-Space (audio story)"])
After millennia of legend, archaeologists eventually rediscovered the lost city of Pompeii, and humanity remembered its fate. (TV: The Fires of Pompeii [+]Loading...["The Fires of Pompeii (TV story)"])
In 1980, an earthquake damaged Pompeii and uncovered the TARDIS, which had apparently been buried in the eruption. This discovery was reported to UNIT and investigated by the Fifth Doctor, but he departed before he could learn anything more about his future. In reality, however, the Seventh Doctor and Mel had simply entered the ship before the lava reached it, waited inside while the lava hardened around it, and then took the ship forward in time 1900 years to the moment when it had been discovered. (AUDIO: The Fires of Vulcan [+]Loading...["The Fires of Vulcan (audio story)"])
On 11 July 1982, Italy beat West Germany 3-1 in the World Cup. The Eighth Doctor and Charley Pollard visited the Italian town Ferrara during the celebrations there. (AUDIO: Living Legend [+]Loading...["Living Legend (audio story)"])
21st century
On 25 December 2006, when the Sycorax used their blood control technique on Earth, people with A-positive blood stood on top of the remains of the Colosseum, ready to jump to their deaths. This plot was stopped by the newly-regenerated Tenth Doctor. (TV: The Christmas Invasion [+]Loading...["The Christmas Invasion (TV story)"])
Jackie Tyler's washing machine at 48 Bucknall House was made in Italy and labeled as such. (TV: Love & Monsters [+]Loading...["Love & Monsters (TV story)"])
In the 2010s, Rome was among the world's major cities where forces of flying Cybermen emerged led by Missy. Taking to the skies, they created a cloud of cyber-pollen above the city. These pollen clouds would then rain upon the graves, recruiting the dead of the Earth into a new Cyberman army. When control of the Cyberman army went to the hands of the recently-converted Danny Pink, he ordered all Cybermen to return to the skies and self-destruct, taking the pollen clouds with them in their combined explosions. (TV: Death in Heaven [+]Loading...["Death in Heaven (TV story)"])
In the mid- to late 21st century, Rome had a T-Mat centre. (TV: The Seeds of Death [+]Loading...["The Seeds of Death (TV story)"])
In 2096, Rome was an independent city-state on a destitute Earth. (PROSE: The Indestructible Man [+]Loading...["The Indestructible Man (novel)"])
Later history
In the 22nd century, the Wronsdehj conquered Italy, along with the Czech Republic, Austria, Germany, Poland and France. They were eventually defeated by the Fourth Doctor and Romana I. (PROSE: Life from Lifelessness [+]Loading...["Life from Lifelessness (short story)"])
In 2294, the Eighth Doctor and Charley visited Venice. It was expected to finally sink into the sea as a result of a curse 100 years previously. However, this was reversed by Duchess Estella and Duke Orsino, and the city was returned to its former state, albeit suffering much damage. (AUDIO: The Stones of Venice [+]Loading...["The Stones of Venice (audio story)"])
Alternate timelines
In the Game of Napoleon and Wellington, Italy was among the nations which were conquered by France and thus incorporated into Napoléon Bonaparte's World Empire. When the Empire collapsed upon Napoleon's death, Italy was among the conquered countries which were discreetly encouraged by the Players to "revert to type", spliting up into separate mini-states. (PROSE: World Game [+]Loading...["World Game (novel)"])
People from Italy
As a populous country with a strong tradition of emigration, Italy had an influence upon the development of the planet Earth that was difficult to quantify. For example, any number of persons of Italian origin passed through the gates at Ellis Island to populate New York City in the 19th and 20th centuries. (TV: Immortal Sins [+]Loading...["Immortal Sins (TV story)"])
Despite the anonymity of the American immigration, a number of specific Italians were known by name. A few of her more famous sons, daughters, and direct descendants included Angelo Colasanto, an immigrant to the United States, and his family, (TV: Immortal Sins [+]Loading...["Immortal Sins (TV story)"]) Leonardo da Vinci, a renowned artist (TV: City of Death [+]Loading...["City of Death (TV story)"], Mona Lisa's Revenge [+]Loading...["Mona Lisa's Revenge (TV story)"]) Giuseppe di Cattivo, an artist friendly with Leonardo (TV: Mona Lisa's Revenge [+]Loading...["Mona Lisa's Revenge (TV story)"]) Duke Giuliano, an Italian nobleman, and his friends and enemies, (TV: The Masque of Mandragora [+]Loading...["The Masque of Mandragora (TV story)"]) Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart, who was 1/8th Italian (AUDIO: The Ghosts of N-Space [+]Loading...["The Ghosts of N-Space (audio story)"]) and Marco Polo, a Venetian who travelled extensively through China. (TV: Marco Polo [+]Loading...["Marco Polo (TV story)"])
Lucia Moretti of Torchwood Three was Italian. In 1975, she gave birth to Alice Carter, fathered by Jack Harkness. (TV: Children of Earth: Day Three [+]Loading...["Children of Earth: Day Three (TV story)"])
Alternate timelines
Rocco Colasanto and his Italian family stayed in Leeds with Donna's family and were sent to a "labour camp" in the alternate reality created by the Time Beetle. (TV: Turn Left [+]Loading...["Turn Left (TV story)"])
