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{{title|''{{PAGENAME}}''}}
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{{Infobox ClassicTV|
{{real world}}
story name= Invasion of the Dinosaurs|
{{ImageLinkTV}}
image= [[Image: Invasionofthedinosaurs_title.jpg |250px]]|
{{Infobox Story SMW
series=[[Doctor Who]] -<br/>[[List of Doctor Who television stories|TV Stories]] |
|image= Dinosaur wall v2.jpg
number= [[Season 11]] |
|series=[[Doctor Who television stories|''Doctor Who'' television stories]]
story number= 71|
|season number= Season 11 (Doctor Who 1963)|
doctor=[[Third Doctor]] |
|season serial number = 2
companions= [[Sarah Jane Smith]]<br/>[[Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart]]<br/>[[Mike Yates|Captain Mike Yates]]<br>[[Sergeant Benton]]|
|story number= 71
enemy= <ul><li>[[Finch]]</li><li>Professor [[Whitaker]]</li><li>Sir [[Charles Grover]]</li></ul> |
|doctor = Third Doctor  
year= [[Earth]], circa [[1970s]] |
|companions = [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart|The Brigadier]], [[John Benton|Benton]], [[Sarah Jane Smith|Sarah]]
writer= [[Malcolm Hulke]] |
|featuring = Mike Yates
director= [[Paddy Russell]] |
|featuring2 = UNIT soldier (The Three Doctors){{!}}Norton
producer= [[Barry Letts]] |
|enemy= Sir [[Charles Grover]]
broadcast date= [[12th January]] - [[16th February]] [[1974]]|
|setting= [[London]], [[20th century]]
format= 6 25-minute episodes |
|writer= Malcolm Hulke
production code= [[List of production codes|WWW]]|
|director= [[Paddy Russell]]  
previous story= [[The Time Warrior]]|
|producer= [[Barry Letts]]  
next story= [[Death to the Daleks]] }}
|novelisation= Doctor Who and the Dinosaur Invasion (novelisation)
'''''Invasion of the Dinosaurs''''' was the second story in [[Season 11]] of ''[[Doctor Who]]''.
|epcount = 6
|broadcast date= 12 January - 16 February 1974
|network = BBC1
|format= 6x25-minute episodes  
|serial production code= [[List of production codes|WWW]]
|prev= The Time Warrior (TV story)
|next= Death to the Daleks (TV story)
|clip = Snapping a T-Rex - Doctor Who Invasion of the Dinosaurs - BBC
|clip2= The Truth About the New Earth - Doctor Who Invasion of the Dinosaurs - BBC
|clip3= Confronting the Controllers - Doctor Who Invasion of the Dinosaurs - BBC
|bts = Special DVD Feature Dinosaur FX in Invasion of the Dinosaurs - Doctor Who - BBC
|bts2= Special DVD Feature Paddy Russell - filming in deserted London - Invasion of the Dinosaurs
}}
'''''Invasion of the Dinosaurs''''' was the second serial of [[Season 11 (Doctor Who 1963)|season 11]] of ''[[Doctor Who]]''. It was the final story to be written by [[Malcolm Hulke]].


==Synopsis==
This story marked a significant plot twist: [[Captain]] [[Mike Yates]] betrayed [[UNIT]] as a result of his traumatic experience in ''[[The Green Death (TV story)|The Green Death]]''. As punishment, he was dismissed from UNIT, but [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart|Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart]] was sympathetic and arranged for the lessening of his punishment. Yates was made to go on an extended sick leave and given the opportunity to make a quiet resignation, granting him the mercy of a graceful departure in exchange for his past service as a loyal officer. Following this event, it was [[Richard Franklin]]'s last regular appearance before returning to do a sendoff performance for his character in ''[[Planet of the Spiders (TV story)|Planet of the Spiders]]'', the Third Doctor's [[regeneration]] story.
[[Third Doctor|The Doctor]] and [[Sarah Jane Smith|Sarah]] arrive in [[1970s]] [[London]] to find that it has been evacuated, due to the mysterious appearance of [[dinosaur]]s. It turns out that the [[dinosaur]]s are being brought to [[London]] via a time machine in order to further a plan to revert [[London]] to a pre-technological level.


==Plot==
This story also saw the debut of the Third Doctor's second and noticeably more advanced car, the [[Whomobile]]. The commissioning of this car was the result of [[Jon Pertwee]]'s love for gadgetry and the spy culture in general. However, it was used only [[Planet of the Spiders (TV story)|once more]] during his tenure, with [[Bessie]] remaining the Doctor's chief road vehicle of choice.
The Doctor and Sarah Jane Smith arrive in a deserted [[London]] plagued by looters and lawlessness where the [[United Nations Intelligence Taskforce]] is assisting with maintaining martial law. The regular army, headed by General [[Finch]], has evacuated the entire city and issues a command that any looters in [[London]] will be shot on sight. The Doctor and Sarah Jane are soon arrested on suspicion of being looters themselves but are identified from the photographs by [[Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart]], who is heading up the UNIT operation, and arranges that the pair are freed to help combat the monsters that have necessitated the evacuation of London. [[Dinosaur]]s have started appearing all over the city – but that is not all, as the Doctor comes across a mediaeval peasant too from the days of [[King John]], who disappears in a [[time eddy]]. It seems the dinosaurs have been present for several months, but nobody can account for their sudden appearance or the havoc they are causing. The British Government has been relocated to [[Harrogate]] during the crisis, and the army has taken charge to ensure an orderly evacuation and to try and maintain some sort of control in the city. The dinosaur appearances are various – [[pterodactyl]], ''[[stegosaurus|Stegosaurus]]'', ''[[tyrannosaurus rex|Tyrannosaurus rex]] ''– but the creatures seem to vanish as mysteriously as they appear.


The Doctor ventures out around the city with a UNIT escort, hoping to learn more of the curious phenomenon, and they encounter a stegosaurus moments before it disappears. He starts to suspect someone is deliberately bringing the dinosaurs to London – and in a hidden laboratory a pair of scientists, [[Butler (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Butler]] and Professor [[Whitaker]], are shown operating the time technology that is making the situation possible. They are being aided by Captain [[Mike Yates]] from [[UNIT]], who feels the Doctor could help them achieve [[Operation Golden Age]], but Whitaker is unconvinced, and tells Mike to sabotage the stun gun which the Doctor is building for use on the dinosaurs. He does this, imperilling the Doctor when he encounters a tyrannosaurus rex, but the situation is saved and the creature is stunned and captured. Hours later, however, General Finch sets it free, evidently part of the conspiracy too.
[[Barry Letts]] was keen to capitalise on the success of the Drashig puppets employed in ''[[Carnival of Monsters (TV story)|Carnival of Monsters]]''. Whereas the Drashigs had been built by the BBC Visual Effects Department, the unit had ultimately determined that its resources were insufficient to build the dinosaurs required for the model work. Instead, it was suggested that the ''Doctor Who'' production team outsource the work to [[Cliff Culley]] and his firm, [[Westbury Design and Optical]], who had recently worked on ''[[Planet of the Daleks (TV story)|Planet of the Daleks]]''. However, the dinosaurs exceeded Culley's capacity, and so he subcontracted the models to [[Rodney Fuller]]. Letts was very disappointed with the results, which were far less maneuverable and convincing than the Drashigs had been. Because the dinosaurs were such an important element of the story, however, their flaws could not be minimised on-screen, leaving [[Paddy Russell]] and her team to make do with what they had. Fuller's company apparently went out of business soon thereafter.


Sarah Jane has meanwhile set off to gather her own evidence and meets with Sir [[Charles Grover]], an ecologist MP who is acting as Minister with Special Responsibilities in [[London]]. She is drugged by him and when she wakes up is astounded to find herself on a vast spaceship. The crew include [[Mark]], [[Adam (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Adam]] and [[Ruth (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Ruth]], all famed British minor celebrities who have adopted new aliases and lives. They tell her they en route for a New Earth where mankind can begin again, closer to nature. They left [[Earth]] three months earlier and the ship is one of a fleet that is carrying over two hundred [[human|people]] to a new life. Sarah is committed to the re-education programme to enable her to think like them.
:<u>Note:</u> Part one of this six-part story bears the on-screen title ''Invasion'', while parts two to six are ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs''.


The Doctor now focuses on more searches of London using his new vehicle, the [[Whomobile]], as transport. Under [[Moorgate Station]] he finds the base used by Whitaker and Butler, but is scared away when they use a [[pterodactyl]] to defend their lair. When he returns with the Brigadier, the signs of occupation have been removed. Operation Golden Age is revealed to be a broad conspiracy containing Whitaker, Butler, Yates, Grover and Finch as its core coordinators. They have emptied London to enable it to revert to a more natural state, after which the people on the spaceships (in reality they are in vast bunkers and not in space at all) will be allowed out and enabled to repopulate a clean and free [[planet]]. Whitaker also works out how to reverse time, so that soon none of humanity apart from their own chosen specimens will ever have existed.
== Synopsis ==
The [[Third Doctor]] and [[Sarah Jane Smith|Sarah]] arrive in [[1970s]] [[London]] to find it has been evacuated because [[dinosaur]]s have appeared mysteriously. As the line between friends and enemies wavers, the Doctor soon discovers the dinosaurs are being brought to London via a time machine to further a plan to revert Earth back to a pre-technological "Golden Age"...


Finch tries to frame and discredit the Doctor, whom he knows will not support their plans, and the Doctor soon twigs that an over-zealous Yates is the UNIT mole. [[John Benton|Sergeant Benton]] lets the Doctor escape, for which Finch threatens a court martial. The Doctor uses his freedom to track down more monsters, but when he is recaptured the Brigadier asserts his authority and takes the Doctor into UNIT custody rather than the regular army's.
== Plot ==
=== ''Invasion'' part one ===
The Doctor and Sarah Jane Smith arrive in a deserted [[London]] plagued by looters and lawlessness. [[UNIT]] is helping maintain [[martial law]]. The regular army, headed by General [[Finch (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Finch]], has evacuated the city and issued orders to shoot looters on sight. [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart|the Brigadier]] disagrees, since it means shooting civilians.


Sarah has meanwhile escaped from the fake spaceship having learnt its true nature, but is apprehended by Finch, who tracks her down and returns her to Whitaker's custody. While she is away Mark works out that the ship is a fake too and exposes this to the other passengers, but he is not believed. When Sarah is returned to the ship she and Mark use the fake airlock to convince Ruth and the others of the depth of the deception.
The Doctor and Sarah encounter several looters and, surprisingly, a [[pterodactyl]]. The two are then arrested on suspicion of being looters. The Doctor is designated as [[Aliases of the Doctor|Prisoner 177781]] and Sarah Jane Smith is designated as Prisoner 177782 and are sentenced to be incarcerated in a detention centre.


Shortly afterward Finch and Yates reveal their hands to the Doctor, Benton and the Brigadier, and reveal the nature of their plans. The Doctor and the Brigadier get away once more and head to Moorgate, evading dinosaurs en route, where they confront Grover and Whitaker. The duped environmentalists from the fake spaceship also appear, along with Sarah, and demand an explanation. In the ensuing fight Whitaker and Grover are transported back through the time machine to the "Golden Age" they sought to bring to modern Earth.
Outside, a [[tyrannosaurus rex]] destroys a building and traps some soldiers. They manage to drive it off. At the school serving as UNIT HQ, [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart|the Brigadier]] and [[John Benton|Benton]] discuss the interference problems with their communications and look at the latest pictures of looters, which include the Doctor and Sarah.


Back at UNIT HQ, the Brigadier confirms to the Doctor that the crisis is over, but there are still some human casualties to deal with. Finch will be court-martialed while Yates is being offered the chance to resign and given extended sick leave. The Doctor reflects that people like Grover may have had good motivations in wanting to fight pollution and environmental degradation, but they took their schemes too far and endangered all mankind and its civilisation. He decides it is time for a holiday and offers to take Sarah Jane to the holiday planet of [[Florana]].
The Doctor and Sarah escape but are caught by soldiers. They are loaded into the back of a [[Land Rover]] to be taken to the detention centre. The Land Rover encounters a tyrannosaurus rex.


==Cast==
=== Part two ===
*[[Third Doctor|The Doctor]] - [[Jon Pertwee]]
While the soldiers fight the tyrannosaurus, the Doctor and Sarah escape and hide in a garage. They find a medieval peasant from the days of King John already there who, believing the Doctor to be a wizard who has put a spell on him, attacks the Time Lord with a [[knife]] before disappearing in a [[time eddy]]. Soldiers search the area and the Brigadier enters the garage.
*[[Sarah Jane Smith]] - [[Elisabeth Sladen]]
*[[Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart]] - [[Nicholas Courtney]]
*[[Mike Yates]] - [[Richard Franklin]]
*[[John Benton|Sergeant Benton]] - [[John Levene]]
*Sir [[Charles Grover]] - [[Noel Johnson]]
*Professor [[Whitaker]] - [[Peter Miles]]
*[[Butler (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Butler]] - [[Martin Jarvis]]
*[[Finch|General Finch]] - [[John Bennett]]
*[[Mark]] - [[Terence Wilton]]
*[[Ruth (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Ruth]] - [[Carmen Silvera]]
*[[Adam (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Adam]] - [[Brian Badcoe]]
*Lieutenant [[Shears]] - [[Ben Aris]]
*Sergeant [[Duffy]] - [[Dave Carter]]
*Corporal [[Norton (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Norton]] - [[Martin Taylor]]
*Private [[Ogden]] - [[George Bryson]]
*R/T Soldier - [[John Caesar]]
*[[UNIT Corporal (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|UNIT Corporal]] - [[Pat Gorman]]
*Private [[Bryson]] - [[Colin Bell]]
*[[Robinson]] - [[Timothy Craven]]
*[[Lodge]] - [[Trevor Lawrence]]
*Looter - [[Terry Walsh]]
*[[Phillips (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Phillips]] - [[Gordon Reid]]
*Peasant - [[James Marcus]]


==Crew==
Back at UNIT HQ, the Brigadier explains the situation to the Doctor. Dinosaurs appear and disappear, the city has been evacuated, and looters run rampant. The Doctor is introduced to Finch, who is in charge of the operation. Finch doesn't think the Doctor will be much help, but rather finds his ideas unrealistic. Sarah talks with [[Mike Yates]], who needed some time off after [[The Green Death (TV story)|the experience with the giant maggots]].
*[[Assistant Floor Manager]] - [[John Wilcox]]
*[[Costumes]] - [[Barbara Kidd]]
*[[Designer]] - [[Richard Morris]]
*[[Film Cameraman]] - [[Keith Hopper]]
*[[Film Editor]] - [[Bob Rymer]]
*[[Incidental Music]] - [[Dudley Simpson]]
*[[Make-Up]] - [[Jean McMillan]]
*[[Producer]] - [[Barry Letts]]
*[[Production Assistant]] - [[George Gallaccio]]
*[[Script Editor]] - [[Terrance Dicks]]
*[[Special Sounds]] - [[Dick Mills]]
*[[Studio Lighting]] - [[Alan Horne]]
*[[Studio Sound]] - [[Trevor Webster]]
*[[Theme Arrangement]] - [[Delia Derbyshire]]
*[[Title Music]] - [[Ron Grainer]]
*[[Visual Effects]] - [[Clifford Culley]]


==References==
A [[stegosaurus]] has been trapped, and the Doctor wants it taken alive. However, it disappears in a time eddy that makes time run backwards. The people affected would not remember it happening. The Doctor suspects someone is deliberately bringing the dinosaurs to London — and in a hidden laboratory a pair of scientists, [[Butler (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Butler]] and Professor [[Whitaker (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Whitaker]], are operating the time technology causing the situation.
===[[:Category:Great Britain|Great Britain]]===
*The Doctor is of the opinion that [[Great Britain]] closes on Sundays.


===[[:Category:Individuals|Individuals]]===
They are aided by Mike Yates, who feels the Doctor could help them achieve [[Operation Golden Age]], but Whitaker is unconvinced. He tells Mike to sabotage the stun gun the Doctor is building to use on the dinosaurs.
*[[Charles Grover]] started the [[Save Planet Earth]] society and wrote a book ''[[Last Chance for Man]]''.
*When Sarah quizzes Mark he exclaims that they ''"left [[Earth]] three months ago!"''.


===[[:Category:Foods and beverages|Foods and beverages]]===
The Doctor believes the dinosaurs are a distraction by someone who needs London evacuated. When an [[Apatosaurus]] appears, he heads out to capture it. Mike sabotages his stun gun, and it doesn't work on the Apatosaurus. The time eddy takes away the Apatosaurus and a tyrannosaurus appears behind the Doctor.
*The Doctor makes [[tea]] when he and Sarah arrive at UNIT HQ.
*The Doctor takes at least four sugars in his [[coffee]].
*The Brigadier and Charles Grover offer Sarah [[tea]].


===[[:Category:Planets|Planets]]===
=== Part three ===
*The Doctor offers to take Sarah to [[Florana]].
[[File:SJSScaredIOD.jpg|thumb|right|Sarah trapped in a locked room as the T-rex awakens.]]
The Doctor falls, dropping the gun, which Yates picks up. He undoes his sabotage and fires at the tyrannosaurus. The creature is captured and brought back to a hangar.


===[[:Category:Time travel|Time travel]]===
Yates is angry at Butler and Whitaker for trying to kill the Doctor but agrees to perform further acts of sabotage — specifically against the machinery being used to record from where the dinosaur appearances are controlled.
*The Doctor mentions the [[Blinovitch Limitation Effect]] in relation to the development of [[time travel]].


==Story notes==
Sarah has been doing some research into [[time travel]] and mentions Whitaker. The Brigadier remembers the name, and the Doctor wants to check up on him.
*Working titles for this story included '''Bridgehead from Space''' and '''Timescoop'''.
*The first episode has the story title shortened to '''Invasion''' in an attempt to conceal the central plot device. However this was undermined by the BBC listings magazine ''[[Radio Times]]'' who gave the full story title. [[Malcolm Hulke]] protested against the use of the title ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'', preferring the original working title of '''Timescoop''', and felt the contraction for the first episode was silly, especially because the ''Radio Times'' listing used the full title. In a response letter after transmission script editor [[Terrance Dicks]] pointed out that all the titles used for the project had originated in the ''Doctor Who'' production office. He agreed that the contraction to ''Invasion'' was a decision he now regretted but noted that "''Radio Times'' are a law unto themselves".
*The 625-line colour PAL transmission master videotapes for the serial were scheduled to be wiped and reused, but only Episode 1 was erased. The serial remained incomplete in the BBC Archives until [[1983]], when a monochrome print of Episode 1 was found and returned. Episode 1, broadcast in January 1974, was one of the latest ''Doctor Who'' episode to have been junked by the BBC (surpassed only by Episode 1 of ''[[Death to the Daleks]]'', which aired a few months later).
*The surviving film recording of Episode 1 is the only telerecording of a Season 11 episode that exists.
*This is the first story to feature the Doctor's car colloquially known as the [[Whomobile]] (though never actually named on screen).
*Like other Pertwee-era stories, ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'' was broadcast in the United States by [[PBS]] in an omnibus format that edited together the episodes into a movie-length installment. Prior to the recovery of episode 1, PBS chose to still broadcast an omnibus edition of ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'' using the extant episodes, with the story joined in progress at the start of Episode 2. A later omnibus incorporated the first episode.


The tyrannosaurus is freed by Finch, who breaks its chains. Sarah is attempting to take pictures of it when it awakes and moves to attack her. She finds the door has been locked from the outside. Before the dinosaur can get to Sarah, the Doctor finds and rescues her, though she is slightly injured.

She then sets off to gather her own evidence. Sarah meets with Sir Charles Grover, an ecologist MP who is acting Minister with Special Responsibilities in London. He drugs her. When she wakes up, she is astounded to find herself on a vast spaceship.


===Ratings===
=== Part four ===
*Episode 1 - 11.0 million viewers
The crew of the ship includes Mark, Adam and Ruth, minor British celebrities who have adopted new aliases and lives. They tell her they are en route to a New Earth where mankind can begin again, closer to nature. They left Earth three months earlier; the ship is one of a fleet carrying over two hundred people to a new life. Sarah is committed to the re-education programme to enable her to think like them.
*Episode 2 - 10.1 million viewers
*Episode 3 - 11.0 million viewers
*Episode 4 - 9.0 million viewers
*Episode 5 - 9.0 million viewers
*Episode 6 - 7.5 million viewers


===Myths===
The Doctor searches London in his new vehicle, the [[Whomobile]]. Under Moorgate Station, he finds the base used by Whitaker and Butler but is scared away when they use a pterodactyl to defend it. He returns with the Brigadier, but all signs of occupation have been removed. Operation Golden Age is revealed to be a broad conspiracy including Whitaker, Butler, Yates, Grover and Finch as its core coordinators. They have emptied London to revert it to a more natural state, after which the people on the spaceships — which are actually vast bunkers — will be allowed out to repopulate a clean and free planet. Whitaker also works out how to reverse time, so soon humanity, apart from their own chosen specimens, will never have existed.
*[[Robert Holmes]], who on this story made his uncredited debut as a script editor, accepted the post only reluctantly and after some persuasion. ''He actually telephoned the production office to put himself forward as a candidate for the post, and was delighted to find that he was already under consideration for it.''


*The master tape of the first episode of this story was mistakenly wiped when it was confused with season six's ''[[The Invasion]]''. ''There is no evidence to suggest that this is why the tape was wiped; all the tapes for The Invasion were wiped in [[1972]], more than two years before Invasion of the Dinosaurs was transmitted. In addition, the procedure for disposing of older episodes would have made such a mix-up highly unlikely. That said, it is not known why only Episode 1 was deleted, and not the others.''
Finch tries to frame the Doctor, who he knows will not support their plans. He brings the Brigadier to the Doctor, catching him in the act as a new time eddy starts up.


===Filming locations===
=== Part five ===
*Albert Embankment (Lambeth Pier), London
[[File:InvasionoftheDinosaurs_-_pt_5.jpg|left|thumb|Benton plans the Doctor's escape.]]
*Covent Garden Market, London
The Doctor soon twigs that an over-zealous Yates is the UNIT mole. Sergeant Benton lets the Doctor escape, for which Finch threatens a [[court martial]]. The Doctor uses his freedom to track down more monsters, but when he is recaptured, the Brigadier asserts his authority and takes the Doctor into UNIT custody rather than the regular army's.
*Margaret Street, London
*Westminster Bridge, Westminster, London
*Trafalgar Square, London
*Lindsey Street, London
*Moorfields, Moorgate, London
*Northfields School (now known as Clementine Close), West Ealing, London
*The Straight, Southall
*Wimbledon Common, Wimbledon, London
*Palmer Crescent, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
*Wilmer Close, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
*Canbury Gardens, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
*South Lane, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
*Riverside Drive, Ham, Middlesex
*Old Billingsgate Market, Lower Thames Street, London
*Haymarket, London
*Outer Circle, Regent's Park, London
*Whitehall, Westminster, London
*Long Lane, London
*New Union Street, Moorgate, London
*Chamberlain Road, West Ealing, London
*Pickfords Depositories (now known as West London Islamic Centre), Brownlow Road, West Ealing, London
*White Street, Southall, Middlesex
*GPO Sorting Office, Orchard Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
*Parkfields Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
*Kingston Meat Market (now known as The Bittoms), Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
*Lower Ham Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
*Burford Road, Brentford, London
*Electricity Substation, Elderberry Road, Ealing, London
*[[BBC Television Centre]] (TC4, TC6, TC8), Shepherd's Bush, [[London]]


===Production errors===
Meanwhile, Sarah has escaped from the fake spaceship. She has learnt its true nature. She is caught by Finch, who returns her to Whitaker's custody. While she is away, Mark works out that the ship is a fake and tells the other passengers, but he is not believed. When Sarah is returned to the ship, Mark and she use the fake airlock to convince Ruth and the others of the deception.
 
The Doctor encounters another time eddy and is faced by more dinosaurs.
 
=== Part six ===
[[File:Mike_betrays_unit.jpg|thumb|right|Mike Yates reveals himself as part of the conspiracy.]]
The dinosaurs start fighting each other. Finch arrives and tries to take the Doctor, but Benton and the Brigadier arrive as well and take the Doctor away.
 
The Brigadier decides to contact UNIT H.Q. in Geneva to ask them to put pressure on the government, and Benton begins to arrange the call. However, shortly afterward, Yates arrives and holds the Doctor, Benton and the Brigadier at gunpoint. After Yates cancels the call to Geneva, he reveals the nature of Operation Golden Age's plans. Fortunately, Yates is distracted when Private [[Bryson (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Bryson]] enters with a [[tea]] tray and offers the Captain a cup, giving Benton the opportunity to overpower and disarm Yates.
 
Sarah is able to convince the occupants of the fake spaceship that they have been duped by opening the [[airlock]]. They confront Whitaker and Grover and demand an explanation. Grover attempts to placate them, but the Doctor and the Brigadier arrive. Whitaker breaks free of his captor and pulls the lever, activating the reversal process. A Time Lord immunity allows the Doctor to resist this and stop the machine. He then reverses the polarity, but Grover does not recognise this and pulls the switch himself. Whitaker tries to stop him, and they and the machine vanish — transported back in time to their "Golden Age", wherever and whenever that is. The Doctor says he hopes they'll be happy there.
 
Back at UNIT H.Q., the Brigadier confirms that the crisis is over, but there are still human casualties to deal with. Finch will be court-martialed. Yates is offered the chance to resign and given extended sick leave. The Doctor reflects that people like Grover may have had good motivations in wanting to fight pollution and environmental degradation, but they took their schemes too far and endangered all mankind and its civilisation. He decides it is time for a holiday and offers to take Sarah Jane to the beautiful planet of [[Florana]].
 
== Cast ==
* [[Third Doctor|Doctor Who]] - [[Jon Pertwee]]
* [[Sarah Jane Smith]] - [[Elisabeth Sladen]]
* [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart|Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart]] - [[Nicholas Courtney]]
* [[Finch (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|General Finch]] - [[John Bennett (actor)|John Bennett]]
* [[Mike Yates|Captain Yates]] - [[Richard Franklin]]
* [[John Benton|Sergeant Benton]] - [[John Levene]]
* [[Shears|Lieutenant Shears]] - [[Ben Aris]]
* [[Duffy|Sergeant Duffy]] - [[Dave Carter]]
* [[Norton (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Corporal Norton]] - [[Martin Taylor]]
* [[Ogden|Private Ogden]] - [[George Bryson]]
* [[R/T soldier|R/T Soldier]] - [[John Caesar]]
* [[Phillips (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Phillips]] - [[Gordon Reid]]
* [[Lodge (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Lodge]] - [[Trevor Lawrence]]
* [[Looter (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Warehouse Looter]] - [[Terry Walsh]]
* [[Charles Grover]] M.P. - [[Noel Johnson]]
* [[Whitaker (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Professor Whitaker]] - [[Peter Miles]]
* [[Butler (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Butler]] - [[Martin Jarvis]]
* [[Peasant (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Peasant]] - [[James Marcus]]
* [[UNIT soldier (The Three Doctors)|UNIT Corporal]] - [[Pat Gorman]]
* [[Mark (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Mark]] - [[Terence Wilton]]
* [[Ruth (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Ruth]] - [[Carmen Silvera]]
* [[Adam (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Adam]] - [[Brian Badcoe]]
* [[Bryson (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Private Bryson]] - [[Colin Bell]]
* [[Robinson]] - [[Timothy Craven]]
 
=== Uncredited cast ===
* Army Soldiers - [[Roy Pearce]], [[Patrick Milner]], [[Cy Town]], [[Ian Elliott]], [[Ronald Gough]], [[Nigel Winder]], [[Kelly Varney]], [[Tim Blackstone]], [[Kevin Moran]] ([[DWM 203]])
* Second Warehouse Looter - [[Alan Bull]] ([[DWM 203]])
* [[UNIT]] Typist - [[Richard King]] ([[DWM 203]])
* Army Corporals - [[Leslie Bates]], [[Mike Stevens]] ([[DWM 203]])
* [[Army photographer (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Army Photographer]] - [[Stuart Myers]] ([[DWM 203]])
* Army Despatch Rider - [[Ken Tracey]] ([[DWM 203]])
* Army Driver - [[Colin Hamilton]], [[Robin Dixon]] ([[DWM 203]])
* Voice of Grover's Secretary/Voice on film in Reminder Room - [[Peter Miles]] ([[DWM 203]])
* UNIT Soldiers - [[Brian Nolan]], [[Geoffrey Witherick]], [[Dennis Plenty]], [[David Billa]], [[Ian Elliott]], [[Peter Dukes (actor)|Peter Dukes]], [[Leslie Bates]], [[James Muir]], [[John Cash]] ([[DWM 203]])
* Operation Golden Age People - [[Barry Summerford]], [[Annette Peters]], [[Ken Tracey]], [[Rory O'Connor]], [[Geoffrey Brighty]], [[Lynn Howard]], [[Judy Roger]] ([[DWM 203]])
 
== Crew ==
* [[Costumes]] - [[Barbara Kidd]]
* [[Designer (crew)|Designer]] - [[Richard Morris]]
* [[Film Cameraman]] - [[Keith Hopper]]
* [[Film Editor]] - [[Bob Rymer]]
* [[Film sound|Film Sound]] - [[Andrew Boulton]]
* [[Incidental Music]] - [[Dudley Simpson]]
* [[Make-Up]] - [[Jean McMillan]]
* [[Producer]] - [[Barry Letts]]
* [[Script Editor]] - [[Terrance Dicks]]
* [[Special Sounds]] - [[Dick Mills]]
* [[Studio Lighting]] - [[Alan Horne]]
* [[Studio Sound]] - [[Trevor Webster]]
* [[Theme Arrangement]] - [[Delia Derbyshire]]
* [[Doctor Who theme|Title Music]] - [[Ron Grainer]]
* [[Videotape editor|Video Tape Editor]] - [[Barry Stevens]]
* [[Visual Effects]] - [[Clifford Culley]]
 
=== Uncredited crew ===
* [[Visual effects assistant|Visual Effects Assistants]] - [[Ian Wingrove]], [[Rodney Fuller]], [[Derek Meddings]], [[Guy Lewin]], [[Jim Allen]], [[John Thye]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Armourer]] - [[Alf Trustum]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Props Buyer]] - [[Roger Wood]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Floor assistant|Floor Assistant]] - [[Michael Hamilton]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Assistant Floor Manager]] - [[John Wilcox (assistant floor manager)|John Wilcox]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Director's assistant|Director's Assistant]] - [[Brenda Loader]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Production Assistant]] - [[George Gallaccio]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Film Cameraman|Film Camera]] Assistant - [[John Crump]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Film sound|Film Sound]] Assistant - [[John Hills-Harrop]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Film lighting|Film Lighting]] - [[Tony Thorpe]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Film operations manager|Film Operations Manager]] - [[George Inger]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Film operative|Film Operatives]] - [[Albert Crush]], [[Arthur Goldthorpe]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Grams operator|Grams Operator]] - [[Gordon Phillipson]], [[Mike Pinchin]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Camera supervisor|Camera Supervisor]] - [[Colin Reid]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Technical manager|Technical Manager]] - [[Terry Wild]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Vision Mixer]] - [[Mike Turner|Michael Turner]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Inlay operator|Inlay Operators]] - [[Phil Nixon]], [[Alan Holey]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Back projection operator|Back Projection Operator]] - [[Len Thurlow]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Design assistant|Design Assistant]] - [[Ashley Wilkinson]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Graphics]] - [[Sid Lomax]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Costume assistant|Costume Assistant]] - [[Kathy Ayerst]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Make-up assistant|Make-Up Assistant]] - [[Martha Livesey]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Camera crew|Camera Crew]] - [[Crew 18]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
* [[Costume dresser|Dressers]] - [[Tessa Spendlove]], [[Charles Irvine]] ([[INFO]]: ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'')
 
== Worldbuilding ==
* The helicopter's code name is [[Tango One]].
* The Doctor claims that the [[Vandals]] were "decent chaps".
 
=== Great Britain ===
* The Doctor jokes that [[Great Britain]] closes on [[Sunday]]s.
 
=== Individuals ===
* [[Charles Grover]] started the [[Save Planet Earth]] society and wrote a book called ''[[Last Chance for Man]]''.
 
=== The Doctor ===
* Sergeant Benton suggests that the Doctor use [[Venusian aikido]] on him in order to escape.
 
=== Foods and beverages ===
* The Doctor takes at least nineteen sugars in his [[coffee]].
 
=== Time travel ===
* The Doctor mentions the [[Blinovitch Limitation Effect]] in reference to the development of [[time travel]].
 
=== Television ===
* There is a poster of a [[blue]] [[balloon]] that says ''[[Blue Peter]]'' on a wall at the school serving as UNIT's temporary headquarters.
 
=== Movies ===
* The Doctor references the famous closing line from the movie, ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]'' when the Brigadier says, "Maybe General Finch took [Sarah] out to dinner,' to which the Doctor replies, "Didn't look like the beginnings of a beautiful friendship to me."
 
== Story notes ==
{{video|DVD Special Feature - Politics in 'Invasion of the Dinosaurs' - BBC|thumb|[[Matthew Sweet]] takes a look at the real-world politics evident in ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs''.}}
* Working titles for this story were ''Bridgehead from Space'' and ''Timescoop''.
* Part one had the story title shortened to ''Invasion'' to conceal the central plot device. However, this was undermined by ''[[Radio Times]]'', which used black-and-white comic strip-style illustrations by Peter Brookes to accompany the programme listing for ''Invasion'' part one, showing the Doctor being attacked in the warehouse by the pterodactyl; the flying creature breaking through the driver's window of the Land Rover to attack the Doctor (complete with a speech balloon for the Doctor reading "GET OUT!! GET OUT!!"); and the Land Rover — strangely depicted bearing a UNIT logo — smashing its way out through the warehouse doors. The accompanying caption read, "Great to be back? The Doctor and Sarah return to London from medieval England. But swinging London has been invaded by something from even further back in time — prehistoric monsters! 5.30". [[Malcolm Hulke]] protested the title ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'', preferring the original working title of ''Timescoop'', and also felt the ''Invasion'' contraction for part one was silly. In a response letter after transmission, script editor [[Terrance Dicks]] pointed out that all the titles used for the project had originated in the ''Doctor Who'' production office. He agreed that the contraction of the story title to ''Invasion'' for part one was a decision he now regretted, but noted that "''Radio Times'' are a law unto themselves".
* ''Invasion'' part one is the first episode to bear an individual title since "[[The O.K. Corral]]", the final episode of the four-parter ''[[The Gunfighters (TV story)|The Gunfighters]]'' (1966), which was the last ''Doctor Who'' story to feature individual episode titles. The next few stories to do as such would be a string of one-parters (which, for obvious reasons, are logically incapable of such), before this became a regular occurrence for multi-parters as well from ''[[Aliens of London (TV story)|Aliens of London]]'', with rare deviations.
* ''Radio Times'' credits [[Elisabeth Sladen]] as "Sarah Jane" and Nicholas Courtney as "Brigadier" for part four.
* The 625 line PAL colour transmission master videotapes for the serial were scheduled to be wiped and reused, but only that for ''Invasion'' part one was erased. The serial remained incomplete in the BBC Archives until 1983, when a 16mm black-and-white film telerecording of ''Invasion'' part one was found and returned. Broadcast in January 1974, ''Invasion'' part one was one of the latest ''Doctor Who'' episode to have been junked by the BBC (followed only by part one of ''[[Death to the Daleks (TV story)|Death to the Daleks]]'', which aired roughly a month later).
* The surviving 16mm black-and-white film telerecording of ''Invasion'' part one is the only telerecording of a Season 11 episode that exists in the BBC Archives.
** It is also the only black-and-white telerecording from the Third Doctor's era which has yet to be manually re-colourised due to the chroma dots being incomplete.
* This is the first story to feature the Doctor's car colloquially known as the [[Whomobile]], though it was never actually named on-screen.
* Like other classic series stories, ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'' was broadcast in the United States by [[PBS]] as episodes or in an omnibus format with the episodes combined into a movie-length show. Before ''Invasion'' part one was recovered, both formats used the extant episodes with the story joined in progress at the start of part two. For episodic broadcasts, the episodes' opening titles were re-numbered as parts one to five. Later broadcasts in either format incorporated the 16mm black-and-white film telerecording of ''Invasion'' part one.
* A brief clip from this story was used in the [[BBC Four]] documentary, {{wi|Dinosaurs, Myths and Monsters}}.
* At one point in ''Invasion'' part one, Sarah states she is twenty-three. This would make the date of this story 1974, based on her date of birth given in the ''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'' episode ''[[Whatever Happened to Sarah Jane? (TV story)|Whatever Happened to Sarah Jane?]]''.
* From a certain point of view, Sarah is not really the Doctor's companion until the end of the story. She was merely on her way back to present day London after she stowed away in the TARDIS on its [[The Time Warrior (TV story)|previous voyage]]. Indeed, she at least feigns discomfort at the idea of travelling in the TARDIS again. The Doctor's offer to take Sarah to [[Florana]] leads into the next story ''[[Death to the Daleks (TV story)|Death to the Daleks]]''. This invitation, which included a long and vivid description of the wonders of Florana, prefigures a penchant of his [[Ninth Doctor|ninth]] and [[Tenth Doctor|tenth]] selves to describe a wonder of the universe in glorious detail to encourage a companion to stick around. ([[TV]]: ''[[World War Three (TV story)|World War Three]]'', ''[[Last of the Time Lords (TV story)|Last of the Time Lords]]'', ''[[The Sontaran Stratagem (TV story)|The Sontaran Stratagem]]'')
* The BBC Classic Who website's ''Party Politics'' states that Operation Golden Age caused the collapse of the [[Jeremy Thorpe]] government.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/partypolitics.shtml</ref>
* The original script had the Doctor using a military [[Motorbike|motorcycle]] instead of the Whomobile.
* The original outline concerned the Doctor returning to the present day to discover that aliens had invaded and ordered the evacuation of [[London]], claiming provocation by humanity. A supplicant government remained in the city, in the manner of the [[Vichy government]] which nominally ruled [[France]] during [[World War II|the Second World War]] but was, in effect, a [[puppet government]] controlled by [[Nazi]] [[Germany]]. The aliens planned to demand larger and larger swathes of territory to satisfy their needs; again, this paralleled the events of World War II, and specifically [[Adolf Hitler]]'s policy of Lebensraum. Humanity would eventually be limited to [[Australia]], which the aliens then intended to destroy.
* [[Terrance Dicks]] thought that Yates might be killed off during the story's events, but [[Barry Letts]] felt they might revisit the character in a forthcoming serial.
* [[Elisabeth Sladen]] vexed the production team by having her hair cut short during the summer, contradicting the notion that this was following on directly from the narrative of ''[[The Time Warrior (TV story)|The Time Warrior]]''. Sladen would grow her hair back out during the making of this serial but this, in turn, would create further continuity issues.
* Private Bryson, as played by [[Colin Bell]], was added to parts five and six when [[George Bryson]], who appeared as Private Ogden in ''Invasion'' part one and ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'' part two was unavailable for the studio recording. The new character was given Bryson's name as an in-joke.
* [[Nicholas Courtney]] and [[John Bennett (actor)|John Bennett]] had previously appeared in ''[[The Saint (series)|The Saint]]'' episode "The Contract".
* [[Malcolm Hulke]] named this as his favourite script: "I decide what I wanted to do, and came up with a lovely idea of the Golden Age with all these people behind it who just didn’t fit in. There were lots of rather sad people always living in the past, and who wanted to turn back the clock. I think they were totally wrong in their thinking, but I liked the story — it’s easily my favourite — because I felt that it was the way a lot of people feel, left out and left behind by things changing".
* [[Barry Letts]] had hoped to direct the story himself, but he and [[Terrance Dicks]] were busy developing ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonbase_3 Moonbase 3]''.
* [[Paddy Russell]]'s first day of location filming was authorised by neither [[BBC|the BBC]] nor by the relevant government officials. Intent on establishing an appropriately eerie atmosphere for the story, Russell and her camera team posed as tourists and visited several [[London]] landmarks early in the morning to capture footage of the “deserted” city. This included Lambeth Pier on the Albert Embankment in [[Lambeth]], [[Westminster Bridge]] and the Houses of Parliament, [[Trafalgar Square]] and the Haymarket in St James', Margaret Street in Fitzrovia, the Old Billingsgate Market in Billingsgate, the Smithfield Market in Farringdon, and the Covent Garden Market in [[Covent Garden]].
* Cast and crewmembers could tell that [[Jon Pertwee]]'s interest in the series was waning, as he missed [[Katy Manning]] and was still shaken by [[Roger Delgado]]'s death. As such, he didn't remember his lines, so cue cards were placed around the set.
* The production shot material outside Moorgate Underground Station, but they didn't have permission to use the station itself, since the Underground Board charged dearly for such services. They did have permission to capture a shot of the Doctor and the Brigadier entering the stations, but the station itself was re-created in a studio and through various model shots.
* Despite the numerous gunfights, not a single shot or blank shot was fired during production. Although the guns could fire blanks, the actors playing soldiers simply mimed firing their weapons and the sound effects were added in post-production.
* The job of making the dinosaur puppets was tossed around until [[BBC Visual Effects]] employee [[Jack Kine|Jack Kline]] suggested [[Clifford Culley]] of [[Westbury Design and Optical|Westbury Design and Optical Ltd.]], who worked on ''[[Planet of the Daleks (TV story)|Planet of the Daleks]].'' However, the dinosaurs proved too big to be made at Culley's company, so [[Rodney Fuller]] was assigned to make the five dinosaurs that would appear.
* The dinosaurs would have been brought to life by stop-frame animation, but this was deemed to costly and time-consuming. The puppets were brought to life by rods and cables which moved the body parts. The dinosaurs themselves were made out of latex over wire bodies.
* The pterodactyl was two different puppets, one of which was controlled by wires and the other was manipulated to move off-camera.
* The underground base set incorporated set pieces previously used in ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UFO_(British_TV_series) UFO]'' and ''[[Out of the Unknown]],'' whilst Charles Grover's spacesuit was originally made for ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonbase_3 Moonbase 3].''
* To capture the final warping scene, the expertise of electronic engineer [[Dave Jervis]] was employed. The background image was actually freeze-frame and then specially echoed and tinted blue for the final effect.
* During editing, part one lost a small sequence where a Milk Float Looter helped himself to an abandoned cash bag before being attacked by a pterodactyl (shown in shadow).
 
=== Ratings ===
* ''Invasion'' part one - 11.0 million viewers
* Part two - 10.1 million viewers
* Part three - 11.0 million viewers
* Part four - 9.0 million viewers
* Part five - 9.0 million viewers
* Part six - 7.5 million viewers
 
=== Myths ===
* [[Robert Holmes]], who on this story made his uncredited debut as a script editor, accepted the post only reluctantly and after some persuasion. ''(He actually telephoned the production office to put himself forward as a candidate for the post, and was delighted to find that he was already under consideration for it.)''
 
* The master 625 line PAL colour videotape of ''Invasion'' part one was mistakenly wiped when it was confused with episode one of [[Season 6 (Doctor Who 1963)|season 6]]'s ''[[The Invasion (TV story)|The Invasion]]''. ''(There is no evidence to suggest that this is why the tape was wiped; all the tapes for ''The Invasion'' were wiped in 1972, more than two years before ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'' was transmitted. In addition, the procedure for disposing of older episodes would have made such a mix-up highly unlikely. That said, it is not known why only ''Invasion'' part one was wiped, and not the others.)''
 
=== Filming locations ===
* Albert Embankment (Lambeth Pier), [[London]]
* Covent Garden Market, London
* Margaret Street, London
* [[Westminster Bridge]], [[Westminster]], London
* [[Trafalgar Square]], London
* Lindsey Street, London
* Moorfields, Moorgate, London
* Northfields School (now known as Clementine Close), [[Ealing|West Ealing]], London
* The Straight, [[Southall]]
* [[Wimbledon Common]], Wimbledon, London
* Palmer Crescent, Kingston upon Thames, [[Surrey]]
* Wilmer Close, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
* Canbury Gardens, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
* South Lane, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
* Riverside Drive, Ham, Middlesex
* Old Billingsgate Market, Lower Thames Street, London
* Haymarket, London
* Outer Circle, Regent's Park, London
* Whitehall, Westminster, London
* Long Lane, London
* New Union Street, Moorgate, London
* Chamberlain Road, West Ealing, London
* Pickfords Depositories (now known as West London Islamic Centre), Brownlow Road, West Ealing, London
* White Street, Southall, Middlesex
* GPO Sorting Office, Orchard Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
* Parkfields Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
* Kingston Meat Market (now known as The Bittoms), Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
* Lower Ham Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
* Burford Road, Brentford, London
* Electricity Substation, Elderberry Road, Ealing, London
* [[BBC Television Centre]] (TC4, TC6, TC8), [[Shepherd's Bush]], [[London]]
 
=== Production errors ===
{{discontinuity}}
{{discontinuity}}
*The dinosaurs don't 'roar' they just say "roar!".
* The [[serial]] is replete with [[CSO]] errors in which the dinosaur models don't perfectly mesh with the backgrounds.
*If a ''T. rex ''did fall over like in episode 3, it would never be able to get back up, and when it does it seems to float.
* This is one of the few ''Doctor Who'' serials that actually has wobbly sets. They are particularly noticeable in part four, when the Doctor is skulking around the secret base. As the automatic doors close quickly behind the Doctor, the walls visibly shudder when the doors hit the floor.
* There are several inaccuracies concerning the dinosaurs. However, to be fair the prevailing idea about dinosaurs at the time of production was that they were sluggish cold-blooded creatures. The ''T. rex ''has three fingers rather than two, for example.
* Sarah is told by Mark at the cliffhanger of part three that the ship left Earth three months ago. He says this ''after'' Sarah looks out of the window into "space". Then, in the reprise of part four, he says that the ship left Earth three months ago and ''then'' Sarah looks out of the window.
* At the beginning of part two, one of the soldiers shoots to the far left of the set, although the dinosaur is on the right, so he completely misses the dinosaur. Additionally, the Doctor and Sarah look out the back of the vehicle and see the dinosaur, yet the next instant shows the soldiers firing at the dinosaur which is in front of the Land Rover.
* When the pterodactyl flies into the garage during part one, one of the puppet strings on its tail end is visible.
** The same issue resurfaces in part four with another pterodactyl puppet. One of its strings is reflected off to the left of an underground tube station archway as the Doctor backs away from the provoked creature.
* At the end of ''Invasion'' part one, the giant dinosaur's marionette strings that control its jaw keeps reflecting light, exposing the "dinosaur" as a puppet.
* In part three, the cut on Sarah's forehead appears on the opposite side to which she falls on, after being hit in the ''back ''of the head by a falling beam.
* In part six, the Doctor is driving a Land Rover with the Brigadier in the passenger seat. The next time we see them, the Brigadier is behind the wheel.


==Continuity==
== Continuity ==
*Mike Yates has recently returned from leave after the events of [[DW]]: ''[[The Green Death]]''.
* [[Mike Yates]]' desire to return to the golden age germinated during his trip to the [[19th century]] in pursuit of [[Ramón Salamander]], when he saw a pastoral side of [[England]] that did not exist by his own time. ([[COMIC]]: ''[[The Heralds of Destruction (comic story)|The Heralds of Destruction]]'')
*Mike Yates returns in [[DW]]: ''[[Planet of the Spiders]]''.
* Mike has recently returned from leave after his brainwashing by [[BOSS]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Green Death (TV story)|The Green Death]]'')
*At one point, Sarah states she is 23. This would make the date of this story 1974
* Sarah is later contacted by Mike Yates for help after his dismissal from [[UNIT]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[Planet of the Spiders (TV story)|Planet of the Spiders]]'')
*From one point of view, Sarah is not really the Doctor's companion until the end of the story. She was merely on her way back to present day London after she stowed away in the TARDIS on its [[The Time Warrior|previous voyage]]. Indeed, she at least feigns discomfort at the idea of traveling in the TARDIS again. The Doctor's offer to take Sarah to [[Florana]] leads into the next story [[DW]]: ''[[Death to the Daleks]]''. This invitation, which included a long and vivid description of the wonders of Florana, prefigures a penchant of his [[Ninth Doctor|ninth]] and [[Tenth Doctor|tenth]] selves to describe a wonder of the universe in glorious detail in order to encourage a companion to stick around ([[DW]]: ''[[World War Three]]'', [[DW]]: ''[[Last of the Time Lords]]'', [[DW]]: ''[[The Sontaran Stratagem]]'').
* Sarah and the Doctor are returning from their trip to Medieval times tracing missing scientists. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Time Warrior (TV story)|The Time Warrior]]'')
*Sarah Jane Smith refers to the events of this episode in a conversation with [[Rose Tyler]] during [[DW]]: ''[[School Reunion]]''.
* Sarah Jane Smith later refers to the events of this episode in a conversation with [[Rose Tyler]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[School Reunion (TV story)|School Reunion]]'')
*The Doctor's reference to the events of this episode immediately following his regeneration at the beginning of [[DW]]: ''[[Robot]]'' coincides with the first appearance of (and perhaps provides foreshadowing to the intelligence of) [[Harry Sullivan]].
* The Doctor later refers to these events immediately following his regeneration. ([[TV]]: ''[[Robot (TV story)|Robot]]'')
*The BBC Classic Who website's ''Party Politics'' states that Operation Golden Age caused the collapse of the Jeremy Thorpe government. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/partypolitics.shtml]
* The [[Peasant (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|peasant]] tells the Doctor and Sarah that [[Richard I of England|Richard the Lionheart]] is in the [[Holy Land]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Crusade (TV story)|The Crusade]]'')


==[[Third Doctor - Timeline|Timeline]]==
== Home video and audio releases ==
*This story takes place after [[BBCR]]: ''[[The Paradise of Death]]''
=== DVD release ===
*this story takes place before [[ST]]: ''[[Numb]]''
* ''Invasion of the Dinosaurs'' was released on DVD on [[9 January (releases)|9 January]] [[2012 (releases)|2012]] in the ''U.N.I.T Files Box Set'' with ''[[The Android Invasion (TV story)|The Android Invasion]]''. ''Invasion'' part one remains in black-and-white, although heavily restored. However, as a DVD extra, an attempt at colourising ''Invasion'' part one using the chromadot colourisation recovery technique was also included. While it was included as a "best attempt" at showing what the episode would have looked like on initial broadcast, it is not up to the usual DVD standard due to the inability of fully colourising the episode (the 16mm print was lacking the blue chroma dots).
** For the upcoming Blu-Ray release of Season 11, part one will require manual colourisation.


==Home video and audio releases==
==== Contents ====
===DVD release===
* Colour-recovered version of Part One - Plus the previously-existing black and white version
*Episode 1 of this story is currently unavailable in colour but in [[March]] [[2008]] the [[BBC]] announced it was investigating technology to return this episode to colour.
* Commentary by [[Richard Franklin]] ([[Mike Yates|Yates]]), [[Peter Miles]] ([[Whitaker (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Whitaker]]), [[Terence Wilton]] ([[Mark (Invasion of the Dinosaurs)|Mark]]), [[Richard Morris]] (Designer), [[Terrance Dicks]] (Script Editor) and [[Paddy Russell]] (Director), moderated by [[Toby Hadoke]]
* Additional Commentary by [[John Levene]] ([[John Benton|Benton)]] for 10 minutes on Part Five
* ''[[People, Power and Puppetry (documentary)|People, Power and Puppetry]]'' - Cast and crew look back on the making of this story
* ''[[Doctor Who Stories: Elisabeth Sladen (documentary)|Doctor Who Stories: Elisabeth Sladen Part 1]]'' - [[Elisabeth Sladen]] interviewed in 2003
* ''[[Billy Smart's Children's Circus (TV story)|Billy Smart's Circus]]'' - Featuring [[Jon Pertwee]]
* Deleted scenes
* ''[[Now & Then: The Locations of Invasion of the Dinosaurs (documentary)|Now and Then]]'' - Returning to the locations
* ''[[Radio Times]]'' listings (DVD-ROM)
* Production information subtitles
* Photo gallery
* Coming soon trailer - ''[[The Sensorites (TV story)|The Sensorites]]''
* [[Easter Egg]]: VT countdown for Part Five. To access this hidden feature, press left at ''Now and Then'' on Disc Two to reveal a hidden ''[[Doctor Who]]'' logo.


===VHS release===
<gallery position="center" captionalign="center" hideaddbutton="true">
*This was the final complete story to be released by [[BBC Worldwide]] on [[VHS]], in [[2003]].
Invasion of the dinosaurs region 2 dvd.jpg|Region 2 DVD cover
Invasion of the dinosaurs australia dvd.jpg|Region 4 DVD cover
Invasion of the dinosaurs.jpg|Region 1 DVD cover
Unit_files_box_set.jpg|The U.N.I.T Files Boxset
</gallery>
 
=== Digital releases ===
* This story is available:for streaming through [[BritBox]] (Canada and US) as part of Season 11 of ''Classic Doctor Who''.
 
=== VHS release ===
* This was the final complete story to be released by [[BBC Worldwide]] on [[VHS]], in [[2003 (releases)|2003]]. ''Invasion'' part one was included in its then sole surviving black-and-white format.


<gallery>
<gallery position="center" captionalign="center" hideaddbutton="true">
File:Invasion of the Dinosaurs VHS UK cover.jpg|UK VHS cover
File:Invasion of the Dinosaurs VHS UK cover.jpg|UK VHS cover
File:Invasion of the Dinosaurs VHS Australian cover.jpg|Australian VHS cover
File:Invasion of the Dinosaurs VHS Australian cover.jpg|Australian VHS cover
Line 190: Line 349:
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Novelisation and its audiobook==
== External links ==
[[Image:1DinosaurInvasion.jpg|right|75px]]
* {{bbcepguideclassic|invasiondinosaurs/|Invasion of the Dinosaurs}}
: ''Main article: [[Doctor Who and the Dinosaur Invasion]]''
* {{radiotimes|2010-03-06/invasion-of-the-dinosaurs|Invasion of the Dinosaurs}}
{{dwcast}}
{{dwrefguide|who_3w.htm|Invasion of the Dinosaurs}}
* {{briefhistory|serials/www.html|Invasion of the Dinosaurs}}
* {{locguide|invasionofthedinosaurs|Invasion of the Dinosaurs}}


*A novelisation of this serial, written by [[Malcolm Hulke]], was published by [[Target Books]] in February [[1976]] as ''[[Doctor Who and the Dinosaur Invasion]]''.
== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}


==External links==
{{DWTV}}
*{{bbcepguideclassic|invasiondinosaurs/|Invasion of the Dinosaurs}}
{{UNIT stories}}
*{{dwrefguide|who_3w.htm|Invasion of the Dinosaurs}}
{{TitleSort}}
*{{briefhistory|serials/www.html|Invasion of the Dinosaurs}}
[[es:Invasion of the Dinosaurs]]
*{{locguide|invasionofthedinosaurs|Invasion of the Dinosaurs}}
[[fr:Invasion of the Dinosaurs]]
[[ru:Вторжение динозавров]]


{{season 11}}
[[Category:Articles that were originally Wikipedia forks]]
{{UNIT stories}}
[[Category:Doctor Who (1963) television stories]]
{{Wikipedia|Invasion_of_the_Dinosaurs}}
[[Category:UNIT television stories]]
[[Category:Third Doctor episodes]]
[[Category:Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart television stories]]
[[Category:UNIT episodes]]
[[Category:Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart episodes]]
[[Category:Stories set in London]]
[[Category:Sarah Jane Smith episodes]]
[[Category:Missing episodes|Invasion of the Dinosaurs]]
[[Category:1974 television stories|Invasion of the Dinosaurs]]
[[Category:Stories set in the London Underground]]
[[Category:Stories set in the London Underground]]
[[Category:Season 11 stories]]
[[Category:Season 11 stories]]
[[Category:Six part serials]]
[[Category:Stories set in London]]
[[Category:Stories set in the 20th century]]

Latest revision as of 20:05, 3 November 2024

RealWorld.png

Invasion of the Dinosaurs was the second serial of season 11 of Doctor Who. It was the final story to be written by Malcolm Hulke.

This story marked a significant plot twist: Captain Mike Yates betrayed UNIT as a result of his traumatic experience in The Green Death. As punishment, he was dismissed from UNIT, but Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart was sympathetic and arranged for the lessening of his punishment. Yates was made to go on an extended sick leave and given the opportunity to make a quiet resignation, granting him the mercy of a graceful departure in exchange for his past service as a loyal officer. Following this event, it was Richard Franklin's last regular appearance before returning to do a sendoff performance for his character in Planet of the Spiders, the Third Doctor's regeneration story.

This story also saw the debut of the Third Doctor's second and noticeably more advanced car, the Whomobile. The commissioning of this car was the result of Jon Pertwee's love for gadgetry and the spy culture in general. However, it was used only once more during his tenure, with Bessie remaining the Doctor's chief road vehicle of choice.

Barry Letts was keen to capitalise on the success of the Drashig puppets employed in Carnival of Monsters. Whereas the Drashigs had been built by the BBC Visual Effects Department, the unit had ultimately determined that its resources were insufficient to build the dinosaurs required for the model work. Instead, it was suggested that the Doctor Who production team outsource the work to Cliff Culley and his firm, Westbury Design and Optical, who had recently worked on Planet of the Daleks. However, the dinosaurs exceeded Culley's capacity, and so he subcontracted the models to Rodney Fuller. Letts was very disappointed with the results, which were far less maneuverable and convincing than the Drashigs had been. Because the dinosaurs were such an important element of the story, however, their flaws could not be minimised on-screen, leaving Paddy Russell and her team to make do with what they had. Fuller's company apparently went out of business soon thereafter.

Note: Part one of this six-part story bears the on-screen title Invasion, while parts two to six are Invasion of the Dinosaurs.

Synopsis[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Third Doctor and Sarah arrive in 1970s London to find it has been evacuated because dinosaurs have appeared mysteriously. As the line between friends and enemies wavers, the Doctor soon discovers the dinosaurs are being brought to London via a time machine to further a plan to revert Earth back to a pre-technological "Golden Age"...

Plot[[edit] | [edit source]]

Invasion part one[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Doctor and Sarah Jane Smith arrive in a deserted London plagued by looters and lawlessness. UNIT is helping maintain martial law. The regular army, headed by General Finch, has evacuated the city and issued orders to shoot looters on sight. the Brigadier disagrees, since it means shooting civilians.

The Doctor and Sarah encounter several looters and, surprisingly, a pterodactyl. The two are then arrested on suspicion of being looters. The Doctor is designated as Prisoner 177781 and Sarah Jane Smith is designated as Prisoner 177782 and are sentenced to be incarcerated in a detention centre.

Outside, a tyrannosaurus rex destroys a building and traps some soldiers. They manage to drive it off. At the school serving as UNIT HQ, the Brigadier and Benton discuss the interference problems with their communications and look at the latest pictures of looters, which include the Doctor and Sarah.

The Doctor and Sarah escape but are caught by soldiers. They are loaded into the back of a Land Rover to be taken to the detention centre. The Land Rover encounters a tyrannosaurus rex.

Part two[[edit] | [edit source]]

While the soldiers fight the tyrannosaurus, the Doctor and Sarah escape and hide in a garage. They find a medieval peasant from the days of King John already there who, believing the Doctor to be a wizard who has put a spell on him, attacks the Time Lord with a knife before disappearing in a time eddy. Soldiers search the area and the Brigadier enters the garage.

Back at UNIT HQ, the Brigadier explains the situation to the Doctor. Dinosaurs appear and disappear, the city has been evacuated, and looters run rampant. The Doctor is introduced to Finch, who is in charge of the operation. Finch doesn't think the Doctor will be much help, but rather finds his ideas unrealistic. Sarah talks with Mike Yates, who needed some time off after the experience with the giant maggots.

A stegosaurus has been trapped, and the Doctor wants it taken alive. However, it disappears in a time eddy that makes time run backwards. The people affected would not remember it happening. The Doctor suspects someone is deliberately bringing the dinosaurs to London — and in a hidden laboratory a pair of scientists, Butler and Professor Whitaker, are operating the time technology causing the situation.

They are aided by Mike Yates, who feels the Doctor could help them achieve Operation Golden Age, but Whitaker is unconvinced. He tells Mike to sabotage the stun gun the Doctor is building to use on the dinosaurs.

The Doctor believes the dinosaurs are a distraction by someone who needs London evacuated. When an Apatosaurus appears, he heads out to capture it. Mike sabotages his stun gun, and it doesn't work on the Apatosaurus. The time eddy takes away the Apatosaurus and a tyrannosaurus appears behind the Doctor.

Part three[[edit] | [edit source]]

Sarah trapped in a locked room as the T-rex awakens.

The Doctor falls, dropping the gun, which Yates picks up. He undoes his sabotage and fires at the tyrannosaurus. The creature is captured and brought back to a hangar.

Yates is angry at Butler and Whitaker for trying to kill the Doctor but agrees to perform further acts of sabotage — specifically against the machinery being used to record from where the dinosaur appearances are controlled.

Sarah has been doing some research into time travel and mentions Whitaker. The Brigadier remembers the name, and the Doctor wants to check up on him.

The tyrannosaurus is freed by Finch, who breaks its chains. Sarah is attempting to take pictures of it when it awakes and moves to attack her. She finds the door has been locked from the outside. Before the dinosaur can get to Sarah, the Doctor finds and rescues her, though she is slightly injured.  She then sets off to gather her own evidence. Sarah meets with Sir Charles Grover, an ecologist MP who is acting Minister with Special Responsibilities in London. He drugs her. When she wakes up, she is astounded to find herself on a vast spaceship.

Part four[[edit] | [edit source]]

The crew of the ship includes Mark, Adam and Ruth, minor British celebrities who have adopted new aliases and lives. They tell her they are en route to a New Earth where mankind can begin again, closer to nature. They left Earth three months earlier; the ship is one of a fleet carrying over two hundred people to a new life. Sarah is committed to the re-education programme to enable her to think like them.

The Doctor searches London in his new vehicle, the Whomobile. Under Moorgate Station, he finds the base used by Whitaker and Butler but is scared away when they use a pterodactyl to defend it. He returns with the Brigadier, but all signs of occupation have been removed. Operation Golden Age is revealed to be a broad conspiracy including Whitaker, Butler, Yates, Grover and Finch as its core coordinators. They have emptied London to revert it to a more natural state, after which the people on the spaceships — which are actually vast bunkers — will be allowed out to repopulate a clean and free planet. Whitaker also works out how to reverse time, so soon humanity, apart from their own chosen specimens, will never have existed.

Finch tries to frame the Doctor, who he knows will not support their plans. He brings the Brigadier to the Doctor, catching him in the act as a new time eddy starts up.

Part five[[edit] | [edit source]]

Benton plans the Doctor's escape.

The Doctor soon twigs that an over-zealous Yates is the UNIT mole. Sergeant Benton lets the Doctor escape, for which Finch threatens a court martial. The Doctor uses his freedom to track down more monsters, but when he is recaptured, the Brigadier asserts his authority and takes the Doctor into UNIT custody rather than the regular army's.

Meanwhile, Sarah has escaped from the fake spaceship. She has learnt its true nature. She is caught by Finch, who returns her to Whitaker's custody. While she is away, Mark works out that the ship is a fake and tells the other passengers, but he is not believed. When Sarah is returned to the ship, Mark and she use the fake airlock to convince Ruth and the others of the deception.

The Doctor encounters another time eddy and is faced by more dinosaurs.

Part six[[edit] | [edit source]]

Mike Yates reveals himself as part of the conspiracy.

The dinosaurs start fighting each other. Finch arrives and tries to take the Doctor, but Benton and the Brigadier arrive as well and take the Doctor away.

The Brigadier decides to contact UNIT H.Q. in Geneva to ask them to put pressure on the government, and Benton begins to arrange the call. However, shortly afterward, Yates arrives and holds the Doctor, Benton and the Brigadier at gunpoint. After Yates cancels the call to Geneva, he reveals the nature of Operation Golden Age's plans. Fortunately, Yates is distracted when Private Bryson enters with a tea tray and offers the Captain a cup, giving Benton the opportunity to overpower and disarm Yates.

Sarah is able to convince the occupants of the fake spaceship that they have been duped by opening the airlock. They confront Whitaker and Grover and demand an explanation. Grover attempts to placate them, but the Doctor and the Brigadier arrive. Whitaker breaks free of his captor and pulls the lever, activating the reversal process. A Time Lord immunity allows the Doctor to resist this and stop the machine. He then reverses the polarity, but Grover does not recognise this and pulls the switch himself. Whitaker tries to stop him, and they and the machine vanish — transported back in time to their "Golden Age", wherever and whenever that is. The Doctor says he hopes they'll be happy there.

Back at UNIT H.Q., the Brigadier confirms that the crisis is over, but there are still human casualties to deal with. Finch will be court-martialed. Yates is offered the chance to resign and given extended sick leave. The Doctor reflects that people like Grover may have had good motivations in wanting to fight pollution and environmental degradation, but they took their schemes too far and endangered all mankind and its civilisation. He decides it is time for a holiday and offers to take Sarah Jane to the beautiful planet of Florana.

Cast[[edit] | [edit source]]

Uncredited cast[[edit] | [edit source]]

Crew[[edit] | [edit source]]

Uncredited crew[[edit] | [edit source]]

Worldbuilding[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • The helicopter's code name is Tango One.
  • The Doctor claims that the Vandals were "decent chaps".

Great Britain[[edit] | [edit source]]

Individuals[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Doctor[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • Sergeant Benton suggests that the Doctor use Venusian aikido on him in order to escape.

Foods and beverages[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • The Doctor takes at least nineteen sugars in his coffee.

Time travel[[edit] | [edit source]]

Television[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • There is a poster of a blue balloon that says Blue Peter on a wall at the school serving as UNIT's temporary headquarters.

Movies[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • The Doctor references the famous closing line from the movie, Casablanca when the Brigadier says, "Maybe General Finch took [Sarah] out to dinner,' to which the Doctor replies, "Didn't look like the beginnings of a beautiful friendship to me."

Story notes[[edit] | [edit source]]

▶︎
YouTube
Matthew Sweet takes a look at the real-world politics evident in Invasion of the Dinosaurs.
  • Working titles for this story were Bridgehead from Space and Timescoop.
  • Part one had the story title shortened to Invasion to conceal the central plot device. However, this was undermined by Radio Times, which used black-and-white comic strip-style illustrations by Peter Brookes to accompany the programme listing for Invasion part one, showing the Doctor being attacked in the warehouse by the pterodactyl; the flying creature breaking through the driver's window of the Land Rover to attack the Doctor (complete with a speech balloon for the Doctor reading "GET OUT!! GET OUT!!"); and the Land Rover — strangely depicted bearing a UNIT logo — smashing its way out through the warehouse doors. The accompanying caption read, "Great to be back? The Doctor and Sarah return to London from medieval England. But swinging London has been invaded by something from even further back in time — prehistoric monsters! 5.30". Malcolm Hulke protested the title Invasion of the Dinosaurs, preferring the original working title of Timescoop, and also felt the Invasion contraction for part one was silly. In a response letter after transmission, script editor Terrance Dicks pointed out that all the titles used for the project had originated in the Doctor Who production office. He agreed that the contraction of the story title to Invasion for part one was a decision he now regretted, but noted that "Radio Times are a law unto themselves".
  • Invasion part one is the first episode to bear an individual title since "The O.K. Corral", the final episode of the four-parter The Gunfighters (1966), which was the last Doctor Who story to feature individual episode titles. The next few stories to do as such would be a string of one-parters (which, for obvious reasons, are logically incapable of such), before this became a regular occurrence for multi-parters as well from Aliens of London, with rare deviations.
  • Radio Times credits Elisabeth Sladen as "Sarah Jane" and Nicholas Courtney as "Brigadier" for part four.
  • The 625 line PAL colour transmission master videotapes for the serial were scheduled to be wiped and reused, but only that for Invasion part one was erased. The serial remained incomplete in the BBC Archives until 1983, when a 16mm black-and-white film telerecording of Invasion part one was found and returned. Broadcast in January 1974, Invasion part one was one of the latest Doctor Who episode to have been junked by the BBC (followed only by part one of Death to the Daleks, which aired roughly a month later).
  • The surviving 16mm black-and-white film telerecording of Invasion part one is the only telerecording of a Season 11 episode that exists in the BBC Archives.
    • It is also the only black-and-white telerecording from the Third Doctor's era which has yet to be manually re-colourised due to the chroma dots being incomplete.
  • This is the first story to feature the Doctor's car colloquially known as the Whomobile, though it was never actually named on-screen.
  • Like other classic series stories, Invasion of the Dinosaurs was broadcast in the United States by PBS as episodes or in an omnibus format with the episodes combined into a movie-length show. Before Invasion part one was recovered, both formats used the extant episodes with the story joined in progress at the start of part two. For episodic broadcasts, the episodes' opening titles were re-numbered as parts one to five. Later broadcasts in either format incorporated the 16mm black-and-white film telerecording of Invasion part one.
  • A brief clip from this story was used in the BBC Four documentary, Dinosaurs, Myths and Monsters.
  • At one point in Invasion part one, Sarah states she is twenty-three. This would make the date of this story 1974, based on her date of birth given in the The Sarah Jane Adventures episode Whatever Happened to Sarah Jane?.
  • From a certain point of view, Sarah is not really the Doctor's companion until the end of the story. She was merely on her way back to present day London after she stowed away in the TARDIS on its previous voyage. Indeed, she at least feigns discomfort at the idea of travelling in the TARDIS again. The Doctor's offer to take Sarah to Florana leads into the next story Death to the Daleks. This invitation, which included a long and vivid description of the wonders of Florana, prefigures a penchant of his ninth and tenth selves to describe a wonder of the universe in glorious detail to encourage a companion to stick around. (TV: World War Three, Last of the Time Lords, The Sontaran Stratagem)
  • The BBC Classic Who website's Party Politics states that Operation Golden Age caused the collapse of the Jeremy Thorpe government.[1]
  • The original script had the Doctor using a military motorcycle instead of the Whomobile.
  • The original outline concerned the Doctor returning to the present day to discover that aliens had invaded and ordered the evacuation of London, claiming provocation by humanity. A supplicant government remained in the city, in the manner of the Vichy government which nominally ruled France during the Second World War but was, in effect, a puppet government controlled by Nazi Germany. The aliens planned to demand larger and larger swathes of territory to satisfy their needs; again, this paralleled the events of World War II, and specifically Adolf Hitler's policy of Lebensraum. Humanity would eventually be limited to Australia, which the aliens then intended to destroy.
  • Terrance Dicks thought that Yates might be killed off during the story's events, but Barry Letts felt they might revisit the character in a forthcoming serial.
  • Elisabeth Sladen vexed the production team by having her hair cut short during the summer, contradicting the notion that this was following on directly from the narrative of The Time Warrior. Sladen would grow her hair back out during the making of this serial but this, in turn, would create further continuity issues.
  • Private Bryson, as played by Colin Bell, was added to parts five and six when George Bryson, who appeared as Private Ogden in Invasion part one and Invasion of the Dinosaurs part two was unavailable for the studio recording. The new character was given Bryson's name as an in-joke.
  • Nicholas Courtney and John Bennett had previously appeared in The Saint episode "The Contract".
  • Malcolm Hulke named this as his favourite script: "I decide what I wanted to do, and came up with a lovely idea of the Golden Age with all these people behind it who just didn’t fit in. There were lots of rather sad people always living in the past, and who wanted to turn back the clock. I think they were totally wrong in their thinking, but I liked the story — it’s easily my favourite — because I felt that it was the way a lot of people feel, left out and left behind by things changing".
  • Barry Letts had hoped to direct the story himself, but he and Terrance Dicks were busy developing Moonbase 3.
  • Paddy Russell's first day of location filming was authorised by neither the BBC nor by the relevant government officials. Intent on establishing an appropriately eerie atmosphere for the story, Russell and her camera team posed as tourists and visited several London landmarks early in the morning to capture footage of the “deserted” city. This included Lambeth Pier on the Albert Embankment in Lambeth, Westminster Bridge and the Houses of Parliament, Trafalgar Square and the Haymarket in St James', Margaret Street in Fitzrovia, the Old Billingsgate Market in Billingsgate, the Smithfield Market in Farringdon, and the Covent Garden Market in Covent Garden.
  • Cast and crewmembers could tell that Jon Pertwee's interest in the series was waning, as he missed Katy Manning and was still shaken by Roger Delgado's death. As such, he didn't remember his lines, so cue cards were placed around the set.
  • The production shot material outside Moorgate Underground Station, but they didn't have permission to use the station itself, since the Underground Board charged dearly for such services. They did have permission to capture a shot of the Doctor and the Brigadier entering the stations, but the station itself was re-created in a studio and through various model shots.
  • Despite the numerous gunfights, not a single shot or blank shot was fired during production. Although the guns could fire blanks, the actors playing soldiers simply mimed firing their weapons and the sound effects were added in post-production.
  • The job of making the dinosaur puppets was tossed around until BBC Visual Effects employee Jack Kline suggested Clifford Culley of Westbury Design and Optical Ltd., who worked on Planet of the Daleks. However, the dinosaurs proved too big to be made at Culley's company, so Rodney Fuller was assigned to make the five dinosaurs that would appear.
  • The dinosaurs would have been brought to life by stop-frame animation, but this was deemed to costly and time-consuming. The puppets were brought to life by rods and cables which moved the body parts. The dinosaurs themselves were made out of latex over wire bodies.
  • The pterodactyl was two different puppets, one of which was controlled by wires and the other was manipulated to move off-camera.
  • The underground base set incorporated set pieces previously used in UFO and Out of the Unknown, whilst Charles Grover's spacesuit was originally made for Moonbase 3.
  • To capture the final warping scene, the expertise of electronic engineer Dave Jervis was employed. The background image was actually freeze-frame and then specially echoed and tinted blue for the final effect.
  • During editing, part one lost a small sequence where a Milk Float Looter helped himself to an abandoned cash bag before being attacked by a pterodactyl (shown in shadow).

Ratings[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • Invasion part one - 11.0 million viewers
  • Part two - 10.1 million viewers
  • Part three - 11.0 million viewers
  • Part four - 9.0 million viewers
  • Part five - 9.0 million viewers
  • Part six - 7.5 million viewers

Myths[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • Robert Holmes, who on this story made his uncredited debut as a script editor, accepted the post only reluctantly and after some persuasion. (He actually telephoned the production office to put himself forward as a candidate for the post, and was delighted to find that he was already under consideration for it.)
  • The master 625 line PAL colour videotape of Invasion part one was mistakenly wiped when it was confused with episode one of season 6's The Invasion. (There is no evidence to suggest that this is why the tape was wiped; all the tapes for The Invasion were wiped in 1972, more than two years before Invasion of the Dinosaurs was transmitted. In addition, the procedure for disposing of older episodes would have made such a mix-up highly unlikely. That said, it is not known why only Invasion part one was wiped, and not the others.)

Filming locations[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • Albert Embankment (Lambeth Pier), London
  • Covent Garden Market, London
  • Margaret Street, London
  • Westminster Bridge, Westminster, London
  • Trafalgar Square, London
  • Lindsey Street, London
  • Moorfields, Moorgate, London
  • Northfields School (now known as Clementine Close), West Ealing, London
  • The Straight, Southall
  • Wimbledon Common, Wimbledon, London
  • Palmer Crescent, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
  • Wilmer Close, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
  • Canbury Gardens, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
  • South Lane, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
  • Riverside Drive, Ham, Middlesex
  • Old Billingsgate Market, Lower Thames Street, London
  • Haymarket, London
  • Outer Circle, Regent's Park, London
  • Whitehall, Westminster, London
  • Long Lane, London
  • New Union Street, Moorgate, London
  • Chamberlain Road, West Ealing, London
  • Pickfords Depositories (now known as West London Islamic Centre), Brownlow Road, West Ealing, London
  • White Street, Southall, Middlesex
  • GPO Sorting Office, Orchard Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
  • Parkfields Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
  • Kingston Meat Market (now known as The Bittoms), Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
  • Lower Ham Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey
  • Burford Road, Brentford, London
  • Electricity Substation, Elderberry Road, Ealing, London
  • BBC Television Centre (TC4, TC6, TC8), Shepherd's Bush, London

Production errors[[edit] | [edit source]]

If you'd like to talk about narrative problems with this story — like plot holes and things that seem to contradict other stories — please go to this episode's discontinuity discussion.
  • The serial is replete with CSO errors in which the dinosaur models don't perfectly mesh with the backgrounds.
  • This is one of the few Doctor Who serials that actually has wobbly sets. They are particularly noticeable in part four, when the Doctor is skulking around the secret base. As the automatic doors close quickly behind the Doctor, the walls visibly shudder when the doors hit the floor.
  • Sarah is told by Mark at the cliffhanger of part three that the ship left Earth three months ago. He says this after Sarah looks out of the window into "space". Then, in the reprise of part four, he says that the ship left Earth three months ago and then Sarah looks out of the window.
  • At the beginning of part two, one of the soldiers shoots to the far left of the set, although the dinosaur is on the right, so he completely misses the dinosaur. Additionally, the Doctor and Sarah look out the back of the vehicle and see the dinosaur, yet the next instant shows the soldiers firing at the dinosaur which is in front of the Land Rover.
  • When the pterodactyl flies into the garage during part one, one of the puppet strings on its tail end is visible.
    • The same issue resurfaces in part four with another pterodactyl puppet. One of its strings is reflected off to the left of an underground tube station archway as the Doctor backs away from the provoked creature.
  • At the end of Invasion part one, the giant dinosaur's marionette strings that control its jaw keeps reflecting light, exposing the "dinosaur" as a puppet.
  • In part three, the cut on Sarah's forehead appears on the opposite side to which she falls on, after being hit in the back of the head by a falling beam.
  • In part six, the Doctor is driving a Land Rover with the Brigadier in the passenger seat. The next time we see them, the Brigadier is behind the wheel.

Continuity[[edit] | [edit source]]

Home video and audio releases[[edit] | [edit source]]

DVD release[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • Invasion of the Dinosaurs was released on DVD on 9 January 2012 in the U.N.I.T Files Box Set with The Android Invasion. Invasion part one remains in black-and-white, although heavily restored. However, as a DVD extra, an attempt at colourising Invasion part one using the chromadot colourisation recovery technique was also included. While it was included as a "best attempt" at showing what the episode would have looked like on initial broadcast, it is not up to the usual DVD standard due to the inability of fully colourising the episode (the 16mm print was lacking the blue chroma dots).
    • For the upcoming Blu-Ray release of Season 11, part one will require manual colourisation.

Contents[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • Region 2 DVD cover

    Region 2 DVD cover

  • Region 4 DVD cover

    Region 4 DVD cover

  • Region 1 DVD cover

    Region 1 DVD cover

  • The U.N.I.T Files Boxset

    The U.N.I.T Files Boxset

Digital releases[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • This story is available:for streaming through BritBox (Canada and US) as part of Season 11 of Classic Doctor Who.

VHS release[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • This was the final complete story to be released by BBC Worldwide on VHS, in 2003. Invasion part one was included in its then sole surviving black-and-white format.
  • UK VHS cover

    UK VHS cover

  • Australian VHS cover

    Australian VHS cover

  • US VHS cover

    US VHS cover

External links[[edit] | [edit source]]

Footnotes[[edit] | [edit source]]

  1. ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/partypolitics.shtml
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