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{{Infobox Astronomical Object
{{subpage tabs}}
|name = Mars
{{wikipediainfo}}
|image = [[file:Doctor-who-the-waters-of-mars-82.jpg|250px]]
{{Update|Descriptions of its temporal flux from ''[[Going Once, Going Twice (short story)|Going Once, Going Twice]]'' and ''[[Marticide (short story)|Marticide]]'' need to be added}}
|aka = Sol IV <br>Red planet
{{Infobox Location
|type = [[Planet]]
|image       = Doctor-who-the-waters-of-mars-82.jpg
|location = [[Sol]] system
|image2      = Mars surface (Empress of Mars).jpg
|moons = <ul><li>[[Deimos]]</li><li>[[Phobos]]</li>
|aka         = Sol IV, the Red Planet
|natives=[[Ice Warrior]]s
|type       = [[Planet]]
|appearances = [[DWM]]: ''[[Rennigan's Record]]''<br>[[DW]]: ''[[Pyramids of Mars]]''<br>[[NA]]: ''[[Transit]]''<br>[[NA]]: ''[[The Highest Science]]''<br>[[NA]]: ''[[GodEngine]]''<br>[[NA]]: ''[[The Dying Days]]''<br>[[RT]]: ''[[Descendance]]''<br>[[RT]]: ''[[Ascendance]]''<br>[[BNA]]: ''[[Beige Planet Mars]]''<br>[[BFA]]: ''[[Red Dawn]]''<br>[[BFA]]: ''[[The Key 2 Time - The Judgement of Isskar]]''<br>[[DWM]]: ''[[The Cruel Sea]]''<br>[[DW]]: ''[[The Christmas Invasion]]''<br>[[DW]]: ''[[The Waters of Mars]]''<br>[[SJA]]: ''[[The Vault of Secrets]]''<br>[[ST]]: ''[[Dust (short story)|Dust]]''
|location   = [[Solar system]]
|mentions=
|moons       = [[Deimos]], [[Phobos]]
}}
|natives     = [[Gandoran]]s, [[Saurian (Lords of the Red Planet)|Saurians]], [[Ice Warrior]]s, [[The Flood (The Waters of Mars)|the Flood]], [[Martian (War of the Worlds) |Martian]], [[Meercock]]s
:''For the short story, see [[Mars (short story)|Mars]].''
|first      = Invasion of the Daleks (comic story)
'''Mars''' (also known as '''Sol IV''') was a planet in the [[Sol system]], inhabited by the [[Ice Warrior]]s and later by [[human]] colonists.
|appearances = {{appears}}
}}{{dab page|Mars (disambiguation)}}
{{Mars missions}}
{{Counterparts|Mars|Gongen (The Warsong)|n1=N-Space|n2=The Warsong}}
'''Mars''' (also known as '''Sol IV''') was a [[planet]] in the [[solar system]], inhabited by the [[Gandoran]]s, the [[Ice Warrior]]s, the [[Mysteron]]s, the [[Martian (War of the Worlds)|Martian]]s from ''[[The War of the Worlds]]'', another race sometimes known as the [[Meercock]]s, a [[Virus|viral]] species known as [[The Flood (The Waters of Mars)|the Flood]], and at multiple points, by [[human]] [[colonist]]s.
 
Mars existed in "several hypothetical realities in the same dimensional space during the very same epoch", ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Ninnies on Putney Common (short story)}}) largely because of the [[War in Heaven]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Going Once, Going Twice (short story)}})
 
== Features ==
Mars was a [[terrestrial planet]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Feast of Fear (audio story)}})
 
Only Mars, [[Peladon]] and [[Laylora]] contained deposits of the valuable ore [[trisilicate]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Curse of Peladon (TV story)}}, [[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Price of Paradise (novel)}})
 
According to the [[Fifth Doctor]], Mars had [[gravity]] which was "about a third" of the sorts of planets the [[human]], [[Peri Brown]], was used to. Its surface was powdery and dark red in colour. Mars had roughly a four-minute radio delay from [[Houston]] on [[Earth]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Red Dawn (audio story)}})
 
According to [[Daniel Llewellyn]], Mars was 50 million miles away from Earth in [[December]] [[2006]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Christmas Invasion (TV story)}}) The [[Tenth Doctor]] and [[Yuri Kerenski]] described the distance from [[Bowie Base One]] on Mars to Earth as 40 million miles in [[November]] [[2059]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Waters of Mars (TV story)}})
 
As the [[Eighth Doctor]] recalled, before Mars had become "devoid of life", Mars had [[snow]]-capped [[green]] hills. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Creed of the Kromon (audio story)}}) Plant life on Mars included [[flower]]s ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Waters of Mars (TV story)}}) and [[Winter berry|winter berries]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Doctor Who in an Exciting Adventure with the Daleks (novelisation)}})
 
[[Martian soil]] was slightly alkaline and contained vital [[nutrient]]s. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Waters of Mars (TV story)}})
 
== History ==
=== Remote past ===
The [[Fourth Doctor]] theorised that, around [[BC|12 million BC]], the [[Fendahl]] passed from [[Planet 5]] to Mars on its way to [[Earth]], before the [[Time Lord]]s trapped its homeworld in a [[time loop]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Image of the Fendahl (TV story)}}) This phenomenon became known as the [[Great Death]] in Ice Warrior history. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|GodEngine (novel)}})
 
At some point in its past, Mars was home to many civilisations, but eventually the [[Gandoran]]s were the last one left. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Lords of the Red Planet (audio story)}})


==Features==
After defeating and pacifying the [[Fighting-Machine]]s of [[Planetoid 50]], [[the Doctor]] deposited them on the surface of ancient Mars so they could develop away from [[the Master]]'s influence. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Martian Invasion of Planetoid 50 (audio story)}})
Only Mars and [[Peladon (planet)|Peladon]] contained deposits of the valuable ore, [[trisilicate]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Curse of Peladon]])''


==History==
=== The age of the Ice Warriors ===
===Remote past===
The [[Species|race]] later known as the [[Ice Warrior]]s were created by the Gandorans as a slave race to serve them. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Lords of the Red Planet (audio story)}}) At the height of their civilisation, they became peaceful, honour bound beings who were artisans as well as builders. They hunted only for [[food]] and never fought one another and thus never experienced any form of war. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Judgement of Isskar (audio story)}})
The [[Fourth Doctor]] theorised that, circa [[Distant past|12 million BC]], the [[Fendahl]] passed from its [[Planet 5|homeworld]] to Mars on its way to [[Earth]], fleeing the efforts of the [[Time Lord]]s to trap it in a [[time loop]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[Image of the Fendahl]]'')


===The age of the [[Ice Warrior]]s===
Accounts differ as to the downfall of the Ice Warriors, with some mentioning being at their peak and active thousands of years BC, ([[TV]]: {{cs|Cold War (TV story)}}, {{cs|Empress of Mars (TV story)}}) and others claiming their atmosphere to have been destroyed "centuries" before the [[21st century]], ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Red Dawn (audio story)}}) or even millions of years BC. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Deimos (audio story)}})
The first sentient race on Mars were the Martian civilization who would later be known as the [[Ice Warrior]]s. They were peaceful, honour bound beings who were artisans as well as builders. They hunted only for food and never fought one another and thus never experienced any form of war. Whilst favouring colder climates, they populated the equator of Mars; their shell-shaped buildings were designed to reflect heat. In this period, their world was vibrant and alive. Water was plentiful and there were canals on the planet. The Martians lived in peace for twelve thousand years. This civilization was shattered when a segment of the [[Key to Time]] was discovered by time travellers. Its removal led to the creation of a gravity well that devastated the planet.


For the next three decades, the civilization was devastated by climatic changes. Some among the Martians managed to get off world. Those on Mars fought among themselves for food and shelter, becoming a warrior race. After another thirty years, the energies from the stolen piece of the Key to Time were spent and the ground settled. The remaining Martians emerged onto their world to rebuild their civilisation. However, it was the Ice Lord [[Izdaal]] who discovered that the damaged atmosphere meant that ultraviolet radiation led to many of their children were sickly. He declared that Mars was no longer capable of supporting life but was ignored. He stood before the ''"Red Dawn"'' and was killed by the radiation. This showed that the world was dying. This led both to the salvation of the race as well as their decline into a conqueror species. ([[BFA]]: ''[[The Key 2 Time - The Judgement of Isskar]]'')
Whilst favouring colder climates, they populated the [[equator]] of Mars; their shell-shaped buildings were designed to reflect heat. In this period, their world was vibrant and alive. Water was plentiful and there were canals on the planet. The Martians lived in peace for twelve thousand years. This civilisation was shattered when a segment of the [[Key to Time]] was discovered by time travellers. Its removal led to the creation of a [[gravity well]] that devastated the planet.


By human prehistory, the Ice Warriors already possessed spaceflight. With their ecosystem dying and becoming more inhospitable, the Ice Warriors, led by [[Varga]], sent an expedition to Earth, but the ship crashed and was frozen in a glacier where it would remain for millennia. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Ice Warriors]]'')
For the next three decades, the civilisation was devastated by climatic changes. Some among the Martians managed to get off world, beginning the [[the Abandonment of Mars]]. Those still on Mars fought among themselves for food and shelter, becoming a warrior race. After another thirty years, the energies from the stolen piece of the Key to Time were spent and the ground settled. The remaining Martians emerged onto their world to rebuild their civilisation. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Judgement of Isskar (audio story)}})


===The Osirians===
However, it was the Ice Lord [[Izdaal]] who discovered that the damaged atmosphere meant that ultraviolet radiation led to many of their children being sickly. He declared that Mars was no longer capable of supporting life but was ignored. He stood before the "Red Dawn" and was killed by the radiation. This showed that the world was dying. This led both to the salvation of the race as well as their transformation into a conqueror species. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Red Dawn (audio story)}}, {{cs|The Judgement of Isskar (audio story)}})
Around the 8th Millennium BC, the last [[flower]]s on Mars died out. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Waters of Mars]]'')


Around 5000 BC, the [[Osirian]]s reached Mars and set up underground bases beneath [[pyramid]]s that they built. [[Sutekh]], was imprisoned in a tomb in [[Egypt]], kept in a state of paralysis by an energy beam transmitted from the main pyramid on Mars itself. A warning message, ''Beware Sutekh'' was broadcast continually by radio ([[DW]]: ''[[Pyramids of Mars]]'').
According to the [[Twelfth Doctor]], Mars' atmosphere had "all but evaporated", and the surface was "lifeless" before [[1881]]. He told [[Iraxxa]] that the Ice Warriors could not survive without help. [[Friday (Empress of Mars)|Friday]] agreed with the Doctor. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Empress of Mars (TV story)}})


===Modern pre-colonisation period===
At some point prior to his travels to ancient Mars, the Fifth Doctor was surprised that there were Ice Warriors still around by the [[21st century]]; he assumed they "all" left Mars after its atmosphere thinned "centuries" before the 21st century, while Lord [[Zzaal]] said the Ice Warriors had discovered "primitive, early life" developing on [[Earth]] before his people went into suspended animation. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Red Dawn (audio story)}}) The [[Eighth Doctor]] dated this time as "many millions of years" before the [[23rd century]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Deimos (audio story)}})
====Early 20th century====
In [[1911]], [[Laurence Scarman]] picked up this signal on his [[marconiscope]]. That same year, Sutekh escaped from his ancient bonds. ([[DW]]: ''[[Pyramids of Mars]]'')


On [[30th October|30 October]] [[1938]], many humans across the [[United States]] took [[Orson Welles]]'s radio adaptation of [[H. G. Wells]]'s ''[[The War of the Worlds]]'' literally, and believed that Martians had really invaded. ([[BFA]]: ''[[Invaders from Mars]]'')
By [[human]] prehistory, the Ice Warriors already possessed spaceflight. With their ecosystem dying and becoming more inhospitable, the Ice Warriors, led by [[Varga]], sent an expedition to Earth, but the ship crashed and was frozen in a glacier where it would remain for millennia. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Ice Warriors (TV story)}})


====Later 20th century====
At some point, the [[Ice Warrior Hive]]s were created as a colony for the Warriors. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Robot of Sherwood (TV story)}})
Mars was a target of a series of [[British]] manned space probes overseen by the British Space Centre (a renamed [[British Rocket Group]]) and constructed with [[International Electromatics]] technology. ([[MA]]: ''[[Who Killed Kennedy]]'') ''[[Mars Probe 6]]'' and ''[[Mars Probe 7]]'' made contact with a group of peaceful, radioactive humanoids. Another spacecraft, ''[[Recovery 7]]'', entered Mars orbit to determine what had happened to earlier probes. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Ambassadors of Death]]'')


An international mission to Mars shortly after led to contact with the [[Zoltan]]s, which was made public knowledge and led to a media frenzy. ([[DWA]]: ''[[Soldiers from Zolta]]'')
=== The Osirans ===
Around the 8th millennium BC, the last [[flower]]s on Mars died out. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Waters of Mars (TV story)}})


:''This public revelation of the existence of aliens was never acknowledged in any other story.''
Around 5000 BC, the [[Osiran]]s reached Mars and set up underground bases beneath [[pyramid]]s that they built. [[Sutekh]] was imprisoned in a tomb in [[Egypt]] and kept in a state of paralysis by an energy beam transmitted from the main pyramid on Mars itself. A warning message, ''Beware Sutekh'', was broadcast continually by radio. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Pyramids of Mars (TV story)}})


In 1977, Britain's [[Mars Probe 13]] astronauts accidentally wandered into the city of the [[Argyre Clan]] Ice Warriors and were slaughtered after they spied on a research facility. To appease the Ice Warriors, the British government's representative, Minister [[Grayhaven]], had mission commander [[Alexander Christian]] framed for the astronauts' deaths and imprisoned. He agreed to ensure humanity would not return to Mars. For the next two decades, the British secret service spread disinformation that Mars was uninhabitable and sabotaged [[NASA]] data in order to discourage Mars missions. In actual fact, Mars' atmosphere was breathable. ([[NA]]: ''[[The Dying Days]]'')
=== Pre-colonisation period ===
==== 19th century ====
In [[1881]], [[Godsacre|Colonel Godsacre]] of the [[British Army]] discovered [[Friday's ship|a crashed]] [[Ice Warrior]] ship in the South African [[veldt]] on [[Earth]] with a hibernating Ice Warrior inside. Named [[Friday (Empress of Mars)|Friday]] by Godsacre, the Ice Warrior promised Martian jewels to the colonel and his men if they would help Friday repair his ship and return to Mars. Unknown to the humans, Friday actually intended to awaken [[Ice Warrior Hive|his hive]] and [[Ice Queen|Queen]] [[Iraxxa]]. The ship crashed on Mars, stranding the soldiers who used one of the Ice Warrior vessel's weapons repurposed into the [[Gargantua]] to dig for jewels.


In [[1994]], [[Michael Rennigan]], a lone human [[astronaut]] marooned on desolate and lifeless Mars, found himself aided by unseen friends, namely the [[First Doctor]] and his companions. ([[DWM]]: ''[[Rennigan's Record]]'')
Having learned of the message "God Save The Queen" hidden under the northern Martian ice cap in [[2017]], the [[Twelfth Doctor]], [[Bill Potts]] and [[Nardole]] travelled to Mars to investigate, but [[the Doctor's TARDIS]] unexpectedly returned to Earth with Nardole inside and unable to get it to return to Mars, stranding the Doctor and Bill on the Red Planet. Meeting with Friday and the soldiers, they learned of the recent events as the hive was finally uncovered. When [[Jackdaw]] inadvertently awoke Iraxxa, conflict broke out between the two sides until Godsacre killed the treacherous [[Neville Catchlove|Captain Catchlove]] and got Iraxxa to make peace. The Doctor contacted [[Alpha Centauri (The Curse of Peladon)|Alpha Centauri]] who promised to send a fleet to rescue the Ice Warrior survivors from Mars. The Doctor, Bill and Godsacre [[temporal paradox|created the message that had led the Doctor and Bill to Mars in the first place]] and then departed in the TARDIS after Nardole was able to return with [[Missy]]'s help. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Empress of Mars (TV story)}})


:''The Doctor refers to an extinct Martian civilisation whose intelligence and beauty far surpassed that of his own people, which doesn't seem likely to be a reference to either the Ice Warriors or the Osirians.''
==== Early 20th century ====
In [[1903]], after receiving a wealth of information from the future, [[Grigori Rasputin]] foresaw, among other things, men on Mars. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Wanderer (audio story)}})


In [[1997]], Britain returned to Mars with the Mars 97 mission - a deliberate plan by Grayhaven and Argyre Clan Lord [[Xznaal]] to give the Ice Warriors a pretence for a "retaliatory" conquest of the [[United Kingdom]], with Grayhaven placed in power as a [[Prime Minister]]. When it turned out the Ice Warriors were using him for a pretext to wipe out and areoform Earth, Greyhaven wiped out the Argyre's nests on Mars with the Mars 97 Orbiter. Xznaal was defeated soon after by [[UNIT]] and the [[Eighth Doctor]]. ([[NA]]: ''[[The Dying Days]]'')
In [[1911]], [[Laurence Scarman]] picked up the Osirans' signal on his [[marconiscope]]. That same year, Sutekh escaped from his ancient bonds. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Pyramids of Mars (TV story)}})


====Early 21st century through 2095====
On [[30 October]] [[1938]], many [[human]]s across the [[United States]] took [[Orson Welles]]' radio adaptation of [[H. G. Wells]]' ''[[The War of the Worlds]]'' literally, and believed that Martians had really invaded. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Invaders from Mars (audio story)}})
[[file:Bowie base.PNG|thumb|right|250px|Bowie Base One, the first human colony on Mars, in 2059.]]
Circa the dawn of the [[21st century]], another human space expedition landed on Mars. ([[BFA]]: ''[[Red Dawn]]'')


On [[31st October]] [[2006]], the ''[[Guinevere One]]'' was launched by the [[British Rocket Group]] for an intended landing on [[Christmas Day]], but was intercepted by the [[Sycorax]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Christmas Invasion]]'')
==== Later 20th century ====
Several accounts held that humanity landed on Mars long before its colonisation in [[July]] [[2058]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Ambassadors of Death (TV story)}}, [[PROSE]]: {{cs|Who Killed Kennedy (novel)}}, {{cs|The Dying Days (novel)}}, {{cs|UNIT History: Fighting the unknown (short story)}}, [[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Red Dawn (audio story)}}) The [[Tenth Doctor]] indicated otherwise. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Waters of Mars (TV story)}})


On 31st July, [[2008]], the [[NASA]] probe ''[[Phoenix (probe)|Phoenix]]'' confirmed the existence of liquid water on the planet. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Waters of Mars]]'')
Mars was a target of a series of [[British]] manned space probes overseen by the British Space Centre (a renamed [[British Rocket Group]]) and constructed with [[International Electromatics]] technology. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Who Killed Kennedy (novel)}}) The first Mars landing happened within a few years of the American moon landing. This was a source of pride for the British public but made the national debt worse, and future historians like [[Bernice Summerfield]] would remember this as a doomed attempt by Britain to show it could still be a great power. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Dying Days (novel)}})


In [[2010]], a [[NASA]] probe landed on Mars. [[Sarah Jane Smith|Sarah Jane]] used [[Mr Smith]] to shut it down before it got too close to an [[Osirian]] [[pyramid]]. ([[SJA]]: ''[[The Vault of Secrets]]'')
''[[Mars Probe 6]]'' and ''[[Mars Probe 7]]'' made contact with a group of peaceful, radioactive humanoids. Another spacecraft, ''[[Recovery 7]]'', entered Mars orbit to determine what had happened to earlier probes. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Ambassadors of Death (TV story)}}) [[UNIT]]'s involvement with the missions helped to establish their reputation. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|UNIT History: Fighting the unknown (short story)}})


In [[2041]], a three-man mission landed on Mars. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Waters of Mars]]'')
According to one account, an international mission to Mars shortly after led to contact with the [[Zoltan]]s, which was made public knowledge and led to a media frenzy. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Soldiers from Zolta (short story)}})


On July [[2058]], the first [[Bowie Base One|human colony]] was established, staffed by an international crew under [[Adelaide Brooke]]. On the 21st November [[2059]], the base was overrun by a [[The Flood (The Waters of Mars)|sentient, water-based lifeform]] and the base was destroyed to prevent it reaching Earth. Originally, nobody survived; the [[Tenth Doctor]] altered time, saving Brooke and two other crew members (though Brooke would kill herself soon after). ([[DW]]: ''[[The Waters of Mars]]'')
In [[1977]], Britain's ''[[Mars Probe 13]]'' astronauts accidentally wandered into the city of the [[Argyre Clan]] Ice Warriors and were slaughtered after they spied on a research facility. To appease the Ice Warriors, the British government's representative, Minister [[Edward Greyhaven]], had mission commander [[Alexander Christian]] framed for the astronauts' deaths and imprisoned. He agreed to ensure humanity would not return to Mars. For the next two decades, the British secret service spread what was, according to one account, disinformation, that Mars was uninhabitable and sabotaged [[NASA]] data in order to discourage Mars missions. This account claimed Mars' atmosphere was breathable, ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Dying Days (novel)}}) though other accounts showed Mars to be long-dead with an unbreathable atmosphere to humans and Time Lords by the [[21st century]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Red Dawn (audio story)}}, [[TV]]: {{cs|The Waters of Mars (TV story)}}) Though he was able to breathe on the surface, according to Lord [[Zzaal]], even without the threat of the red dawn, the low temperature and loss of [[water]] following the thinning of the atmosphere would mean an Ice Warrior could only survive for a few days. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Red Dawn (audio story)}}) Yet another account had the [[Twelfth Doctor]] describe Mars' atmosphere as "all but evaporated" and unsuitable for Martians to survive in without help as early as [[1881]], which [[Friday (Empress of Mars)|Friday]] agreed with. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Empress of Mars (TV story)}}) As a result of Greyhaven's plot, Britain would have little scientific or technological achievements to show for the Mars Probe missions. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Dying Days (novel)}})


The Ice Warriors had not given up their ambitions to colonise Earth. A strike team was sent to take control of [[T-Mat]], and use it to transport seed pods to Earth that were designed to [[terraform]] its environment to an environment more suited to them. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Seeds of Death]]'')
In [[1994]], [[Joseph Rennigan]], a lone human [[astronaut]] marooned on desolate and lifeless Mars, found himself aided by unseen friends, namely the [[First Doctor]] and his companions [[Susan Foreman]], [[Ian Chesterton]] and [[Barbara Wright]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Rennigan's Record (short story)}})


In the [[2080s]], the Ice Warriors fought and lost the [[Thousand Day War]] with Earth, opening up the planet for human colonisation and exploitation. ([[NA]]: ''[[Transit]]'')
[[File:Dying days005.jpg|thumb|left|The Probe around Mars. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Dying Days (novel)}})]]
In [[1997]], Britain returned to Mars with the [[Mars 97]] mission — a deliberate plan by Greyhaven and Argyre Clan Lord [[Xznaal]] to give the Ice Warriors a pretence for a "retaliatory" conquest of the [[United Kingdom]], with Greyhaven placed in power as a [[Prime Minister]]. When it turned out the Ice Warriors were using him for a pretext to wipe out and areoform Earth, Greyhaven wiped out the Argyre's nests on Mars with the Mars 97 Orbiter. Xznaal was defeated soon after by [[UNIT]] and the [[Eighth Doctor]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Dying Days (novel)}})


The human colonisation of Mars commenced in [[2095]]. ([[BNA]]: ''[[Beige Planet Mars]]'')
At some point, a probe found Martian DNA and took it back to Earth. This helped create the [[hybrid]], [[Tanya Webster]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Red Dawn (audio story)}})


===Colonisation period===
==== 21st century ====
By the early 22nd century, Mars had been partially terraformed into a tourist resort for the wealthy. As the seas and canals were not red enough for the tourists, cranberry juice was poured into them. This human activity led to malevolent, formless entities escaping from the sea's reflective surface; the [[Ninth Doctor]] and [[Rose Tyler|Rose]] defeated them. The Doctor believing the threat of the entities returning would force humanity to treat Mars with respect. ([[DWM]]: ''[[The Cruel Sea]]'') Later in the 22nd century, Mars had ceased being a pure resort and had residential settlements.
Circa the dawn of the [[21st century]], a space expedition funded by [[Leo Webster]] arrived on Mars in the ''[[Argosy]]'' to find an [[Ice Warrior]] and use it to create a clone army augmented by Ice Warrior biology and technology. The ''Argosy'' crew arrived in the tomb of [[Izdaal]], whose guards were awoken from suspended animation. [[Paul Webster]] tried kidnapping Sub Commander [[Sstast]], but the ''Argosy'' was shot down by the Ice Warriors. He tried escaping in the Ice Warriors' rocket with the [[Fifth Doctor]] and seventeen-year-old Tanya Webster as hostages.


On [[Dalek|their]] way to [[Earth]], likely in the year [[2157]], a passing [[Dalek Fleet|Dalek fleet]] invaded Mars, but were defeated by a virus created by the Mars colonists and the [[Ice Warriors]]. ([[DW]]: [[Genesis of the Daleks|''Genesis of the Daleks'']], [[DWBIT]]: [[DWBIT 49|#49]]) The [[Seventh Doctor]] and his companions visited Mars during the period of the [[22nd century Dalek invasion|Dalek occupation]] of Earth. ([[NA]]: ''[[GodEngine]]'')
Lord [[Zzaal]] allowed the Doctor and Tanya to escape Paul while Zzaal sacrificed himself to the ultraviolet rays of the [[Sol|sun]]. With Zzaal no longer in mortal danger, Sstast fired a sonic charge at Paul, killing him. Tanya stayed behind on Mars to became an [[ambassador]] for Earth. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Red Dawn (audio story)}})


[[file:26th_century_Mars.png|thumb|right|A canal on Mars. ([[BNA]]: ''[[Beige Planet Mars]]'')]]
On [[31 October]] [[2006]], the ''[[Guinevere One]]'' was launched from Britain for an intended landing on [[Christmas Day]], but was intercepted by the [[Sycorax]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Christmas Invasion (TV story)}})


Shortly after the Dalek defeat, [[Anji Kapoor]] was stranded on Mars for four years. At this time, Ice Warriors would sometimes stage attacks on human workplaces in an attempt to gain independence from humanity; these attacks largely failed. ([[EDA]]: ''[[Fear Itself]]'')
On [[31 July]] [[2008]], the [[NASA]] probe ''[[Phoenix (probe)|Phoenix]]'' confirmed the existence of liquid water on the planet. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Waters of Mars (TV story)}})


By the [[26th century]], the time of [[Bernice Summerfield]], scholars like Benny herself devoted themselves to the study of Ice Warrior culture. ([[NA]]: ''[[Transit]]'')
In [[2010]], a [[NASA]] probe landed on Mars. [[Sarah Jane Smith|Sarah Jane]] used [[Mr Smith]] to shut it down before it got too close to an [[Osiran]] [[pyramid]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Vault of Secrets (TV story)}})


In [[2545]], during the Dalek War, the Daleks were able to seize control of Mars due to a failure to deploy Mars' nuclear deterrent. They would be eventually driven off-world by Earth and its allies. By [[2595]], humans celebrated the five hundredth anniversary of the start of human colonization. ([[BNA]]: ''[[Beige Planet Mars]]'')
Mars was listed on a [[data-grid]] of previous [[destination]]s [[spaceship (Twisted Conundrums DWA15 1)|a spaceship]] had visited. ([[GAME]]: {{cs|Twisted Conundrums (DWA15 1 game)|namedpart=Past Journeys|page=17}})


In the [[27th century]], Mars' [[President Lithops]] commissioned the development of a time machine. Alien assassins attempted to use it to erase his timeline; the [[Tenth Doctor]] stopped them and destroyed the unsafe machine. ([[DWM]]: ''[[Bus Stop]]'')
In [[2017]], while the [[Twelfth Doctor]] and [[Bill Potts]] were visiting NASA, the agency discovered the "God Save The Queen" message hidden under the northern polar ice cap. The discovery prompted the Doctor, Bill and [[Nardole]] to travel to Mars in [[1881]], ultimately causing the chain of events that led to the message being made in the first place. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Empress of Mars (TV story)}})


===Further on===
One version of the [[Ninth Doctor (The Curse of Fatal Death)|Ninth Doctor]] felt that he found the first man on Mars, circa [[2019]], to be one of his favourite events in history. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Who's After Your Cash (short story)}})
Circa the [[39th century|39th]] or [[40th century]], Mars and the Ice Warriors were part of a [[Galactic Federation]] that included Earth, [[Alpha Centauri]] and [[Arcturus]]. The presence of trisilicate made the planet politically important. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Curse of Peladon]]'')


In the [[40th century]], [[Space Security]] agent [[Bret Vyon]] was born in [[Colony 16]] ([[DW]]: ''[[The Daleks' Master Plan]]'').
On [[31 December]] [[2020]], the Mars rover [[Leonardo (rover)|Leonardo]] from the [[European Space Agency]], monitored by John Wilcox, uncovered a copy of [[David Bowie]]'s ''[[Life on Mars]]'' on the surface of Mars. Wilcox believed it was a prank by his colleagues. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Life on Mars on Mars (short story)}})


:''The [[First Doctor]] knew Bret's sister, [[Sara Kingdom]], also. We do not know if she also grew up on Mars.''
In [[2023]], the [[Fourteenth Doctor]] took [[Rose Noble]] to Mars without [[Donna Noble]] knowing. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Giggle (TV story)}})


In the [[82nd century]], Mars was privately owned by [[Josiah W. Dogbolter]]. ([[DWM]]: ''[[The Moderator (comic strip)|The Moderator]]'')
On [[24 May]] [[2027]], it was reported that the [[British government]] was conducting further Mars research. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|A Death in the Family (audio story)}})


By the year [[200,000]], Mars was home to a university of questionable reputation. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Long Game]]'')
While the [[Tenth Doctor]] identified the [[Bowie Base One]] colony in [[2058]] as the "very first humans on Mars", an obituary of [[Adelaide Brooke]] mentioned that a three-person team including Brooke landed on Mars in [[2041]], when Adelaide was 42. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Waters of Mars (TV story)}})


One hundred years later, the planet was the subject of a question on the Game Station: it was determined, however, that the dish Gaffabeque originated on Lucifer, and not Mars. ([[DW]]: ''[[Bad Wolf (TV story)|Bad Wolf]]'')
In [[July]] 2058, Bowie Base One, the first human colony on Mars, was established, staffed by an international crew under Adelaide Brooke. On [[21 November]] [[2059]], the base was overrun by a [[The Flood (The Waters of Mars)|sentient, water-based lifeform]] and the base was destroyed to prevent it reaching Earth. Originally, nobody survived; the Tenth Doctor altered time, saving Brooke and two other crew members (though Brooke would kill herself soon after). ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Waters of Mars (TV story)}})


===Uncertain dates===
The Ice Warriors had not given up their ambitions to colonise Earth. A strike team was sent to take control of [[T-Mat]], and use it to transport seed pods to Earth that were designed to [[terraform]] its environment to an environment more suited to them. The fleet was destroyed thanks to the [[Second Doctor]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Seeds of Death (TV story)}})
*Varga's frozen ship was discovered near [[Brittanicus Base]] by scientists during another [[Ice Age]] on Earth, and the thawed crew's attempt to seize the base was also stopped by the [[Second Doctor]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Ice Warriors]]'')


*Under the influence and control of the [[Usurian]]s, a colony of humans temporarily moved to Mars, then on to [[Pluto]] after overpopulation had made Earth unlivable. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Sun Makers]]'')
According to [[Harold (Deimos)|Harold]], who had watched a documentary about the Ice Warriors on the [[History Channel]], the Ice Warriors were "supposed to have been wiped out" following the T-Mat incident. In the [[23rd century]], the Ice Warrior expert, Professor [[Boston Schooner|Schooner]], declared the Ice Warriors "extinct" for "centuries", while [[Gregson Grenville]] had learnt in school that "[t]hey were all melted when the invasion fleet spiralled into the Sun". According to Grenville, nobody knew of any Ice Warriors existing after this period until the attack on [[Deimos Moonbase]] in the 23rd century. Human [[tourist]]s to the catacombs of Deimos in the 23rd century, such as [[Margaret (Deimos)|Margaret]], considered the moon the "final resting place" of the Ice Warriors and she and Harold expressed shock that "real" Ice Warriors could ever exist. One of the Ice Warriors that awoke from the tombs on Deimos considered him and eight others the last of their race. The [[Eighth Doctor]] corrected him, mentioning the tombs in the [[Sol system]]'s [[asteroid belt]] containing Ice Warriors yet to have been awakened. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Deimos (audio story)}})


*The [[Fourth Doctor]] and [[Sarah Jane Smith]] visited a colonized Mars. ([[VD]]: ''[[Scarab of Death]]'')
However, according to another account, in the [[2080s]], the Ice Warriors fought and lost the [[Thousand Day War]] with Earth, opening up the planet for human colonisation and exploitation. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Transit (novel)}})


*The Doctor again travelled to the planet with [[Leela]] and visited a terraformed, commercialised Mars abundant with commercialized imagery derived from human [[science fiction]]. ([[VD]]: ''[[Crimson Dawn]]'')
The human colonisation of Mars commenced in [[2095]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Beige Planet Mars (novel)}})


*The [[Seventh Doctor]] stated that Mars had been terraformed on four different occasions by four different races in a million year time frame. ([[NA]]: ''[[GodEngine]]'')
=== Colonisation period ===
==== Early colonisation ====
Early Mars colonists discovered the body of [[Bernice Summerfield]], frozen in [[stasis]] following her encounter with the [[Epoch]] on [[Zordin]]. A small cult was formed which worshipped Benny as a goddess. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Brand Management (audio story)}})


*The [[Dalek]]s invaded Mars while on their way to Earth. Colonists fought back and, with the help of the [[Ice Warrior]]s, created a virus which ate away at Dalek cable insulation. The Dalek forces were driven away from the colony and decided just to focus on the Earth. ([[DWBIT]]: [[DWBIT #49|#49]])
==== 22nd century ====
By the early [[22nd century]], Mars had been partially terraformed into a tourist resort for the wealthy. As the seas and canals were not red enough for the tourists, cranberry juice was poured into them. This human activity led to a malevolent, formless [[Sea (The Cruel Sea)|entity]] escaping from the sea's reflective surface. The [[Ninth Doctor]] and [[Rose Tyler|Rose]] defeated it; the Doctor believing the threat of it returning would force humanity to treat Mars with respect. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Cruel Sea (comic story)}}) Later in the 22nd century, Mars had ceased being a pure resort and had residential settlements.


==Behind the scenes==
The [[Seventh Doctor]] and his companions [[Chris Cwej]] and [[Roz Forrester]] visited Mars during the period of the [[2150s Dalek invasion of Earth|Dalek occupation]] of Earth. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|GodEngine (novel)}}) The [[Dalek]]s [[2150s Dalek invasion of Mars|invaded]] Mars while on their way to Earth. Colonists fought back and, with the help of the [[Ice Warrior]]s, created a virus which ate away at Dalek cable insulation. The Dalek forces were driven away from the colony and decided just to focus on the Earth. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Dalek Invasion of Mars (short story)}})
* Though unpublished during his lifetime, the [[David Whitaker]] short story ''[[Rennigan's Record]]'' is the earliest portrayal of Mars in the [[Doctor Who Universe]].


==External links==
Shortly after the Dalek defeat, [[Anji Kapoor]] was stranded on Mars for four years. According to one account, at this time, Ice Warriors would sometimes stage attacks on human workplaces in an attempt to gain independence from humanity; these attacks largely failed. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Fear Itself (novel)}})
*[http://nzdwfc.tetrap.com/archive/tsv12/mars.html "The Mars Dilemma" by Jon Preddle, detailing Mars in the televised Whoniverse]
 
==== 23rd century ====
However, the Eighth Doctor mentioned that colonies of humans existed on Mars, numbering 300,000 in the [[23rd century]] according to [[Temperance Finch]], although according to this account, no Ice Warriors were known to live there, and were widely considered to have become extinct until a tomb containing live Ice Warriors was found on [[Deimos]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Deimos (audio story)}})
 
According to one account, the [[Eighth Doctor]] altered the beam of the [[atmospheric re-ioniser]] on [[Deimos Moonbase]] to make Mars more [[Earth]]-like for its inhabitants, saving them from being killed by the beam. The feedback the Doctor caused from the ionisation beam set the atmosphere of the moonbase alight, setting the entire moon on fire, making it an artificial sun to heat the human colonists. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Resurrection of Mars (audio story)}})
 
==== 25th century ====
[[File:Daleks attack Mars.jpg|thumb|The Daleks land on Mars. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Invasion of the Daleks (comic story)}})]]
Around [[2400]], Mars had only a single, small colony and was the birthplace of [[Space Army]] Commander [[Vel Karneen]]. The [[Dalek]]s [[2400s Dalek invasion of the solar system|invaded the solar system]] and Mars was their third target. Everyone in the colony was killed in three [[hour]]s. Karneen had been offworld and led the Space Army against the Daleks. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Invasion of the Daleks (comic story)}}, [[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Secret of the Mountain (short story)}}, {{cs|Break-through! (short story)}}) Later, the Daleks used [[Humanoid (Dalek creation)|"Humanoids"]] for an ambush on Mars. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Humanoids (comic story)}})
 
[[Darzil Carlisle]] was born on Mars just outside [[Olympus Mons]] in [[2414]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Game (audio story)}})
 
The [[Martian Wars]] took place circa the [[25th century]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Taking of Chelsea 426 (novel)}})
 
==== 26th century ====
[[File:26th century Mars.jpg|thumb|Mars' canals in the 26th century. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Beige Planet Mars (novel)}})]]
By the [[26th century]], the time of [[Bernice Summerfield]], scholars like Benny herself devoted themselves to the study of Ice Warrior culture. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Transit (novel)}})
 
In [[2545]], during the [[Dalek War]], the Daleks were able to seize control of Mars due to a failure to deploy Mars' nuclear deterrent. They would be eventually driven off-world by Earth and its allies. By [[2595]], humans celebrated the five hundredth anniversary of the start of human colonisation. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Beige Planet Mars (novel)}})
 
==== 27th century ====
In the [[27th century]], Mars' President [[Lithops]] commissioned the development of a time machine. [[Time assassin]]s attempted to use it to erase his timeline; the [[Tenth Doctor]] stopped them and destroyed the unsafe machine. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Bus Stop! (comic story)}}) It was around this time Bernice Summerfield came to Mars to discover a Pyramid that contained the essence of [[Sutekh]] and a possessed [[Seventh Doctor]]. She arrived during a war between the Martian colonial government and the Free Mars Party. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Pyramid of Sutekh (audio story)}})
 
=== Cyberon War ===
During the [[Cyberon War]], which lasted around a century and, depending on accounts, ended either in [[2777]] ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Cyber-Hunt (novelisation)}}) or [[3009]], ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Flight of the Cyberons (short story)}}) a secret [[space station]] orbiting Mars was used for discreet weapons development by the [[Earth Alliance]]. [[Dracula]]'s [[head]] was meant to be transported there for study from a base in the [[Alpha Centauri system]], but was intercepted by the [[Cyberon]]s before it could be safely delivered. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Curse of the Cyberons (audio story)}})
 
=== 31st century ===
In [[3004]], there was the great Mars [[ash (tree)|ash]] [[dieback]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Secret in Vault 13 (novel)}})
 
=== 40th century ===
Circa the [[39th century|39th]] or [[40th century]], Mars and the Ice Warriors were part of a [[Galactic Federation]] that included Earth, [[Alpha Centauri (planet)|Alpha Centauri]] and [[Arcturus (planet)|Arcturus]]. The presence of trisilicate made the planet politically important. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Curse of Peladon (TV story)}})
 
In the 40th century, a [[Dalek ship]] was detected in the vicinity of Mars. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Destroyers (audio story)}})
 
By the 40th century, the most common form of residential home on Mars was a prefabricated model known as [[M9]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Anachronauts (audio story)}})
 
In the late 40th century, Mars was among the "[[Big Four]]" powers in an alliance against the Dalek invasions. It was led by [[Bakabi]] when the Big Four decided to found the [[Space Security Service]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Outlaw Planet (short story)}}) [[Space Security]] agent [[Bret Vyon]] was born in [[Colony 16]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Daleks' Master Plan (TV story)}}) In the year [[4000]], Mars was one of the key targets for the [[Dalek]] takeover of the [[solar system]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Mission to the Unknown (TV story)}})
 
Mars would later see combat in the [[Great War (The Evil of the Daleks)|Great War]]. Though the Daleks managed to make planetfall on the red planet, they were defeated by a [[virus]], possibly derived from the [[Movellan virus]], that attacked the insulation of the [[cable]]s in their [[Electricity|electrical]] systems. Although the Daleks eventually discovered an [[antidote]], they retreated from Mars. Combined with their expulsion from [[Venus]], the Daleks were driven back from the solar system, but the war continued elsewhere in the galaxy. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Whoniverse (novel)}})
 
=== Further on ===
In the [[82nd century]], Mars was privately owned by [[Josiah W. Dogbolter]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Moderator (comic story)}})
 
By the year [[200,000]], Mars was home to a [[University of Mars|university]] of questionable reputation, with a [[nurse (The Long Game)|nurse]] aboard [[Satellite Five]] associating it with the "Martian [[boondocks]]". [[Adam Mitchell]] pretended to be a student at "the university of Mars", a backstory he improvised without knowing whether or not this university existed. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Long Game (TV story)}})
 
In [[200100|200,100]], the planet was the subject of a question on the [[Satellite Five|Game Station]]: it was determined, however, that the dish [[Gaffabeque]] originated on [[Lucifer (planet)|Lucifer]], and not Mars. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Bad Wolf (TV story)}})
 
In the [[far future]], radio and television broadcasts concerning the first manned mission to Mars could be accessed via the [[Gogglebox]] inside [[the Moon]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Reaping (audio story)}}, {{cs|The Gathering (audio story)}})
 
=== Uncertain dates ===
[[The Doctor's TARDIS|The Ship]] may have landed on Mars while trying to get back to Earth. ([[GAME]]: {{cs|Journey Back to Earth (game)}})
 
Under the influence and control of the [[Usurian]]s, a colony of humans temporarily moved to Mars, then on to [[Pluto]] after overpopulation had made Earth uninhabitable. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Sun Makers (TV story)}})
 
The [[Fourth Doctor]] and [[Sarah Jane Smith]] visited a colonised Mars. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Scarab of Death (short story)}})
 
The Fourth Doctor again travelled to the planet with [[Leela]] and visited a terraformed, commercialised Mars abundant with commercialised imagery derived from human [[science fiction]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Crimson Dawn (short story)}})
 
The [[Seventh Doctor]] stated that Mars had been terraformed on four different occasions by four different races in a million year time frame. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|GodEngine (novel)}})
 
The Seventh Doctor and [[Ace]] once visited Mars. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Gods and Monsters (audio story)}})
 
The Seventh Doctor and [[Sally Morgan]] visited Mars, where they checked hieroglyphs on the tomb of an ancient star god. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Gods and Monsters (audio story)}})
 
[[Erimem]], [[Andy Hansen]], and [[Helena (The Last Pharaoh)|Helena]] donned spacesuits and visited Mars where they left a copy of David Bowie's ''Life on Mars'' for future scientists to discover. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Life on Mars on Mars (short story)}})
 
Andy Hansen and Erimem visited Mars again by themselves. A weather control station announced a blizzard by 9:00 local time. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Auld Acquaintance (short story)}})
 
Mars was one of the [[Earth Alliance]]'s military strongholds during the [[Second Great Dalek Occupation]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Fearless: Part 4 (audio story)}})
 
=== Alternate timelines ===
In an [[alternate timeline]], the [[Galactic Dutch Company]] had created domed colonies on Mars by [[1983]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Waters of Amsterdam (audio story)}})
 
In an alternate timeline, Andy and [[Helena (The Last Pharaoh)|Helena]] returned to Mars after Erimem went missing on [[31 December]] [[2017]] to see if Erimem had somehow been stranded there. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Auld Acquaintance (short story)}})
 
One version of Mars in the [[10,000 Dawns]] had a human population and a democratic planet-wide government, headed at one point in its history by [[President]] [[Zhang Han]]. It had a variety of popular exports, including four different varieties of [[olive]]s. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Birthdays are Made for Memories (short story)}})
 
== Other references ==
The [[Museum of the Last Ones]] had specimens of [[Extinction|extinct]] species from Mars. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Last Dodo (novel)}})
 
[[Ben Jackson]] asked the [[Second Doctor]] to visit the planet, in vain, since the TARDIS would have landed on [[the Moon]] eventually. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Moonbase (TV story)}})
 
The [[Fourth Doctor]] claimed to have a pilot's licence for a [[Mars-Venus rocket run]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Robot (TV story)}})
 
In an [[interview]] hosted by [[Mickey Smith|Mickey]] on [[Who is Doctor Who?|his website]] in early [[2006]], [[Henry Van Statten]] claimed that felt as if he was "still a little [[kid]] who [wanted] to be an [[astronaut]], go to Mars, and make friends with a real, live [[alien]]." ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Henry Van Statten (short story)}})
 
[[Donna Noble]] believed the [[Tenth Doctor]] was from Mars. He later corrected her. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Runaway Bride (TV story)}})
 
The [[Thirteenth Doctor]] claimed to have shown author [[Ray Bradbury]] what Mars was really like, which left him disappointed. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Meet the Fam! (comic story)}})
 
When [[Ruby Sunday]] said she wanted to see [[the Beatles]], the [[Fifteenth Doctor]] said that "people always say the [[RMS Titanic|Titanic]], or Mars, or [[Bethlehem]]." ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Devil's Chord (TV story)}})
 
== Behind the scenes ==
* Though unpublished during his lifetime, [[David Whitaker]]'s short story ''[[Rennigan's Record (short story)|Rennigan's Record]]'' is the earliest portrayal of Mars in the [[Doctor Who universe|''Doctor Who'' universe]].
* According to the "Earth-Skaro Timescale" of ''[[Terry Nation's Dalek Annual 1976]]'', the [[Dalek]]s invaded both Mars and [[Venus]] in the [[Skaro-year]] 9143, concurrent to the [[Earth]] [[year]] [[1066]].
* In [[2009 (releases)|2009]], the presence of water on Mars was a major plot point of [[TV]]: ''[[The Waters of Mars (TV story)|The Waters of Mars]]''. Six years later, it was discovered Mars' surface actually had evidence of free-flowing water.
 
== External links ==
{{ldx}}
* [http://nzdwfc.tetrap.com/archive/tsv12/mars.html "The Mars Dilemma" by Jon Preddle, detailing Mars in the televised Whoniverse]
{{Solar system}}
 
[[cs:Mars]]


{{wikipediainfo}}
[[Category:Mars| *]]
[[Category:Mars| *]]
[[Category:Osirians]]
[[Category:Osirans]]
[[Category:Planets visited by the First Doctor]]
[[Category:Planets visited by the First Doctor]]
[[Category:Planets visited by the Second Doctor]]
[[Category:Planets visited by the Second Doctor]]
[[Category:Planets visited by the Fourth Doctor]]
[[Category:Planets visited by the Fifth Doctor]]
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[[Category:Planets visited by the Sixth Doctor]]
[[Category:Planets visited by the Seventh Doctor]]
[[Category:Planets visited by the Eighth Doctor]]
[[Category:Planets visited by the Eighth Doctor]]
[[Category:Planets visited by the Ninth Doctor]]
[[Category:Planets visited by the Tenth Doctor]]
[[Category:Planets visited by the Tenth Doctor]]
[[Category:Planets visited by the Eleventh Doctor]]
[[Category:Planets visited by the Twelfth Doctor]]
[[Category:Planets visited by the Fourteenth Doctor]]
[[Category:Planets from the real world]]
[[Category:Members of the Galactic Federation]]
[[Category:Fourth planets]]
[[Category:Ice Warriors]]
[[Category:Planets represented in MOTLO]]
[[Category:Human colonies]]
[[Category:Homes of the Doctor's companions]]
[[Category:Planets visited by Iris Wildthyme]]
[[Category:Planets visited by Bernice Summerfield]]
[[Category:Sol System planets]]
[[Category:Terraformed planets]]
[[Category:Planets visited by Dr. Who]]

Latest revision as of 17:03, 21 October 2024

Mars
Appearances
Mars
This article needs to be updated.

Descriptions of its temporal flux from Going Once, Going Twice and Marticide need to be added

These omissions are so great that the article's factual accuracy has been compromised. Check out the discussion page and revision history for further clues about what needs to be updated in this article.

You may wish to consult Mars (disambiguation) for other, similarly-named pages.

Mars (also known as Sol IV) was a planet in the solar system, inhabited by the Gandorans, the Ice Warriors, the Mysterons, the Martians from The War of the Worlds, another race sometimes known as the Meercocks, a viral species known as the Flood, and at multiple points, by human colonists.

Mars existed in "several hypothetical realities in the same dimensional space during the very same epoch", (PROSE: The Ninnies on Putney Common [+]Loading...["The Ninnies on Putney Common (short story)"]) largely because of the War in Heaven. (PROSE: Going Once, Going Twice [+]Loading...["Going Once, Going Twice (short story)"])

Features[[edit]]

Mars was a terrestrial planet. (AUDIO: Feast of Fear [+]Loading...["Feast of Fear (audio story)"])

Only Mars, Peladon and Laylora contained deposits of the valuable ore trisilicate. (TV: The Curse of Peladon [+]Loading...["The Curse of Peladon (TV story)"], PROSE: The Price of Paradise [+]Loading...["The Price of Paradise (novel)"])

According to the Fifth Doctor, Mars had gravity which was "about a third" of the sorts of planets the human, Peri Brown, was used to. Its surface was powdery and dark red in colour. Mars had roughly a four-minute radio delay from Houston on Earth. (AUDIO: Red Dawn [+]Loading...["Red Dawn (audio story)"])

According to Daniel Llewellyn, Mars was 50 million miles away from Earth in December 2006. (TV: The Christmas Invasion [+]Loading...["The Christmas Invasion (TV story)"]) The Tenth Doctor and Yuri Kerenski described the distance from Bowie Base One on Mars to Earth as 40 million miles in November 2059. (TV: The Waters of Mars [+]Loading...["The Waters of Mars (TV story)"])

As the Eighth Doctor recalled, before Mars had become "devoid of life", Mars had snow-capped green hills. (AUDIO: The Creed of the Kromon [+]Loading...["The Creed of the Kromon (audio story)"]) Plant life on Mars included flowers (TV: The Waters of Mars [+]Loading...["The Waters of Mars (TV story)"]) and winter berries. (PROSE: Doctor Who in an Exciting Adventure with the Daleks [+]Loading...["Doctor Who in an Exciting Adventure with the Daleks (novelisation)"])

Martian soil was slightly alkaline and contained vital nutrients. (TV: The Waters of Mars [+]Loading...["The Waters of Mars (TV story)"])

History[[edit]]

Remote past[[edit]]

The Fourth Doctor theorised that, around 12 million BC, the Fendahl passed from Planet 5 to Mars on its way to Earth, before the Time Lords trapped its homeworld in a time loop. (TV: Image of the Fendahl [+]Loading...["Image of the Fendahl (TV story)"]) This phenomenon became known as the Great Death in Ice Warrior history. (PROSE: GodEngine [+]Loading...["GodEngine (novel)"])

At some point in its past, Mars was home to many civilisations, but eventually the Gandorans were the last one left. (AUDIO: Lords of the Red Planet [+]Loading...["Lords of the Red Planet (audio story)"])

After defeating and pacifying the Fighting-Machines of Planetoid 50, the Doctor deposited them on the surface of ancient Mars so they could develop away from the Master's influence. (AUDIO: The Martian Invasion of Planetoid 50 [+]Loading...["The Martian Invasion of Planetoid 50 (audio story)"])

The age of the Ice Warriors[[edit]]

The race later known as the Ice Warriors were created by the Gandorans as a slave race to serve them. (AUDIO: Lords of the Red Planet [+]Loading...["Lords of the Red Planet (audio story)"]) At the height of their civilisation, they became peaceful, honour bound beings who were artisans as well as builders. They hunted only for food and never fought one another and thus never experienced any form of war. (AUDIO: The Judgement of Isskar [+]Loading...["The Judgement of Isskar (audio story)"])

Accounts differ as to the downfall of the Ice Warriors, with some mentioning being at their peak and active thousands of years BC, (TV: Cold War [+]Loading...["Cold War (TV story)"], Empress of Mars [+]Loading...["Empress of Mars (TV story)"]) and others claiming their atmosphere to have been destroyed "centuries" before the 21st century, (AUDIO: Red Dawn [+]Loading...["Red Dawn (audio story)"]) or even millions of years BC. (AUDIO: Deimos [+]Loading...["Deimos (audio story)"])

Whilst favouring colder climates, they populated the equator of Mars; their shell-shaped buildings were designed to reflect heat. In this period, their world was vibrant and alive. Water was plentiful and there were canals on the planet. The Martians lived in peace for twelve thousand years. This civilisation was shattered when a segment of the Key to Time was discovered by time travellers. Its removal led to the creation of a gravity well that devastated the planet.

For the next three decades, the civilisation was devastated by climatic changes. Some among the Martians managed to get off world, beginning the the Abandonment of Mars. Those still on Mars fought among themselves for food and shelter, becoming a warrior race. After another thirty years, the energies from the stolen piece of the Key to Time were spent and the ground settled. The remaining Martians emerged onto their world to rebuild their civilisation. (AUDIO: The Judgement of Isskar [+]Loading...["The Judgement of Isskar (audio story)"])

However, it was the Ice Lord Izdaal who discovered that the damaged atmosphere meant that ultraviolet radiation led to many of their children being sickly. He declared that Mars was no longer capable of supporting life but was ignored. He stood before the "Red Dawn" and was killed by the radiation. This showed that the world was dying. This led both to the salvation of the race as well as their transformation into a conqueror species. (AUDIO: Red Dawn [+]Loading...["Red Dawn (audio story)"], The Judgement of Isskar [+]Loading...["The Judgement of Isskar (audio story)"])

According to the Twelfth Doctor, Mars' atmosphere had "all but evaporated", and the surface was "lifeless" before 1881. He told Iraxxa that the Ice Warriors could not survive without help. Friday agreed with the Doctor. (TV: Empress of Mars [+]Loading...["Empress of Mars (TV story)"])

At some point prior to his travels to ancient Mars, the Fifth Doctor was surprised that there were Ice Warriors still around by the 21st century; he assumed they "all" left Mars after its atmosphere thinned "centuries" before the 21st century, while Lord Zzaal said the Ice Warriors had discovered "primitive, early life" developing on Earth before his people went into suspended animation. (AUDIO: Red Dawn [+]Loading...["Red Dawn (audio story)"]) The Eighth Doctor dated this time as "many millions of years" before the 23rd century. (AUDIO: Deimos [+]Loading...["Deimos (audio story)"])

By human prehistory, the Ice Warriors already possessed spaceflight. With their ecosystem dying and becoming more inhospitable, the Ice Warriors, led by Varga, sent an expedition to Earth, but the ship crashed and was frozen in a glacier where it would remain for millennia. (TV: The Ice Warriors [+]Loading...["The Ice Warriors (TV story)"])

At some point, the Ice Warrior Hives were created as a colony for the Warriors. (TV: Robot of Sherwood [+]Loading...["Robot of Sherwood (TV story)"])

The Osirans[[edit]]

Around the 8th millennium BC, the last flowers on Mars died out. (TV: The Waters of Mars [+]Loading...["The Waters of Mars (TV story)"])

Around 5000 BC, the Osirans reached Mars and set up underground bases beneath pyramids that they built. Sutekh was imprisoned in a tomb in Egypt and kept in a state of paralysis by an energy beam transmitted from the main pyramid on Mars itself. A warning message, Beware Sutekh, was broadcast continually by radio. (TV: Pyramids of Mars [+]Loading...["Pyramids of Mars (TV story)"])

Pre-colonisation period[[edit]]

19th century[[edit]]

In 1881, Colonel Godsacre of the British Army discovered a crashed Ice Warrior ship in the South African veldt on Earth with a hibernating Ice Warrior inside. Named Friday by Godsacre, the Ice Warrior promised Martian jewels to the colonel and his men if they would help Friday repair his ship and return to Mars. Unknown to the humans, Friday actually intended to awaken his hive and Queen Iraxxa. The ship crashed on Mars, stranding the soldiers who used one of the Ice Warrior vessel's weapons repurposed into the Gargantua to dig for jewels.

Having learned of the message "God Save The Queen" hidden under the northern Martian ice cap in 2017, the Twelfth Doctor, Bill Potts and Nardole travelled to Mars to investigate, but the Doctor's TARDIS unexpectedly returned to Earth with Nardole inside and unable to get it to return to Mars, stranding the Doctor and Bill on the Red Planet. Meeting with Friday and the soldiers, they learned of the recent events as the hive was finally uncovered. When Jackdaw inadvertently awoke Iraxxa, conflict broke out between the two sides until Godsacre killed the treacherous Captain Catchlove and got Iraxxa to make peace. The Doctor contacted Alpha Centauri who promised to send a fleet to rescue the Ice Warrior survivors from Mars. The Doctor, Bill and Godsacre created the message that had led the Doctor and Bill to Mars in the first place and then departed in the TARDIS after Nardole was able to return with Missy's help. (TV: Empress of Mars [+]Loading...["Empress of Mars (TV story)"])

Early 20th century[[edit]]

In 1903, after receiving a wealth of information from the future, Grigori Rasputin foresaw, among other things, men on Mars. (AUDIO: The Wanderer [+]Loading...["The Wanderer (audio story)"])

In 1911, Laurence Scarman picked up the Osirans' signal on his marconiscope. That same year, Sutekh escaped from his ancient bonds. (TV: Pyramids of Mars [+]Loading...["Pyramids of Mars (TV story)"])

On 30 October 1938, many humans across the United States took Orson Welles' radio adaptation of H. G. Wells' The War of the Worlds literally, and believed that Martians had really invaded. (AUDIO: Invaders from Mars [+]Loading...["Invaders from Mars (audio story)"])

Later 20th century[[edit]]

Several accounts held that humanity landed on Mars long before its colonisation in July 2058. (TV: The Ambassadors of Death [+]Loading...["The Ambassadors of Death (TV story)"], PROSE: Who Killed Kennedy [+]Loading...["Who Killed Kennedy (novel)"], The Dying Days [+]Loading...["The Dying Days (novel)"], UNIT History: Fighting the unknown [+]Loading...["UNIT History: Fighting the unknown (short story)"], AUDIO: Red Dawn [+]Loading...["Red Dawn (audio story)"]) The Tenth Doctor indicated otherwise. (TV: The Waters of Mars [+]Loading...["The Waters of Mars (TV story)"])

Mars was a target of a series of British manned space probes overseen by the British Space Centre (a renamed British Rocket Group) and constructed with International Electromatics technology. (PROSE: Who Killed Kennedy [+]Loading...["Who Killed Kennedy (novel)"]) The first Mars landing happened within a few years of the American moon landing. This was a source of pride for the British public but made the national debt worse, and future historians like Bernice Summerfield would remember this as a doomed attempt by Britain to show it could still be a great power. (PROSE: The Dying Days [+]Loading...["The Dying Days (novel)"])

Mars Probe 6 and Mars Probe 7 made contact with a group of peaceful, radioactive humanoids. Another spacecraft, Recovery 7, entered Mars orbit to determine what had happened to earlier probes. (TV: The Ambassadors of Death [+]Loading...["The Ambassadors of Death (TV story)"]) UNIT's involvement with the missions helped to establish their reputation. (PROSE: UNIT History: Fighting the unknown [+]Loading...["UNIT History: Fighting the unknown (short story)"])

According to one account, an international mission to Mars shortly after led to contact with the Zoltans, which was made public knowledge and led to a media frenzy. (PROSE: Soldiers from Zolta [+]Loading...["Soldiers from Zolta (short story)"])

In 1977, Britain's Mars Probe 13 astronauts accidentally wandered into the city of the Argyre Clan Ice Warriors and were slaughtered after they spied on a research facility. To appease the Ice Warriors, the British government's representative, Minister Edward Greyhaven, had mission commander Alexander Christian framed for the astronauts' deaths and imprisoned. He agreed to ensure humanity would not return to Mars. For the next two decades, the British secret service spread what was, according to one account, disinformation, that Mars was uninhabitable and sabotaged NASA data in order to discourage Mars missions. This account claimed Mars' atmosphere was breathable, (PROSE: The Dying Days [+]Loading...["The Dying Days (novel)"]) though other accounts showed Mars to be long-dead with an unbreathable atmosphere to humans and Time Lords by the 21st century. (AUDIO: Red Dawn [+]Loading...["Red Dawn (audio story)"], TV: The Waters of Mars [+]Loading...["The Waters of Mars (TV story)"]) Though he was able to breathe on the surface, according to Lord Zzaal, even without the threat of the red dawn, the low temperature and loss of water following the thinning of the atmosphere would mean an Ice Warrior could only survive for a few days. (AUDIO: Red Dawn [+]Loading...["Red Dawn (audio story)"]) Yet another account had the Twelfth Doctor describe Mars' atmosphere as "all but evaporated" and unsuitable for Martians to survive in without help as early as 1881, which Friday agreed with. (TV: Empress of Mars [+]Loading...["Empress of Mars (TV story)"]) As a result of Greyhaven's plot, Britain would have little scientific or technological achievements to show for the Mars Probe missions. (PROSE: The Dying Days [+]Loading...["The Dying Days (novel)"])

In 1994, Joseph Rennigan, a lone human astronaut marooned on desolate and lifeless Mars, found himself aided by unseen friends, namely the First Doctor and his companions Susan Foreman, Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright. (PROSE: Rennigan's Record [+]Loading...["Rennigan's Record (short story)"])

The Probe around Mars. (PROSE: The Dying Days [+]Loading...["The Dying Days (novel)"])

In 1997, Britain returned to Mars with the Mars 97 mission — a deliberate plan by Greyhaven and Argyre Clan Lord Xznaal to give the Ice Warriors a pretence for a "retaliatory" conquest of the United Kingdom, with Greyhaven placed in power as a Prime Minister. When it turned out the Ice Warriors were using him for a pretext to wipe out and areoform Earth, Greyhaven wiped out the Argyre's nests on Mars with the Mars 97 Orbiter. Xznaal was defeated soon after by UNIT and the Eighth Doctor. (PROSE: The Dying Days [+]Loading...["The Dying Days (novel)"])

At some point, a probe found Martian DNA and took it back to Earth. This helped create the hybrid, Tanya Webster. (AUDIO: Red Dawn [+]Loading...["Red Dawn (audio story)"])

21st century[[edit]]

Circa the dawn of the 21st century, a space expedition funded by Leo Webster arrived on Mars in the Argosy to find an Ice Warrior and use it to create a clone army augmented by Ice Warrior biology and technology. The Argosy crew arrived in the tomb of Izdaal, whose guards were awoken from suspended animation. Paul Webster tried kidnapping Sub Commander Sstast, but the Argosy was shot down by the Ice Warriors. He tried escaping in the Ice Warriors' rocket with the Fifth Doctor and seventeen-year-old Tanya Webster as hostages.

Lord Zzaal allowed the Doctor and Tanya to escape Paul while Zzaal sacrificed himself to the ultraviolet rays of the sun. With Zzaal no longer in mortal danger, Sstast fired a sonic charge at Paul, killing him. Tanya stayed behind on Mars to became an ambassador for Earth. (AUDIO: Red Dawn [+]Loading...["Red Dawn (audio story)"])

On 31 October 2006, the Guinevere One was launched from Britain for an intended landing on Christmas Day, but was intercepted by the Sycorax. (TV: The Christmas Invasion [+]Loading...["The Christmas Invasion (TV story)"])

On 31 July 2008, the NASA probe Phoenix confirmed the existence of liquid water on the planet. (TV: The Waters of Mars [+]Loading...["The Waters of Mars (TV story)"])

In 2010, a NASA probe landed on Mars. Sarah Jane used Mr Smith to shut it down before it got too close to an Osiran pyramid. (TV: The Vault of Secrets [+]Loading...["The Vault of Secrets (TV story)"])

Mars was listed on a data-grid of previous destinations a spaceship had visited. (GAME: "Past Journeys" [+]Part of Twisted Conundrums 1, Loading...{"page":"17","namedpart":"Past Journeys","1":"Twisted Conundrums (DWA15 1 game)"})

In 2017, while the Twelfth Doctor and Bill Potts were visiting NASA, the agency discovered the "God Save The Queen" message hidden under the northern polar ice cap. The discovery prompted the Doctor, Bill and Nardole to travel to Mars in 1881, ultimately causing the chain of events that led to the message being made in the first place. (TV: Empress of Mars [+]Loading...["Empress of Mars (TV story)"])

One version of the Ninth Doctor felt that he found the first man on Mars, circa 2019, to be one of his favourite events in history. (PROSE: Who's After Your Cash [+]Loading...["Who's After Your Cash (short story)"])

On 31 December 2020, the Mars rover Leonardo from the European Space Agency, monitored by John Wilcox, uncovered a copy of David Bowie's Life on Mars on the surface of Mars. Wilcox believed it was a prank by his colleagues. (PROSE: Life on Mars on Mars [+]Loading...["Life on Mars on Mars (short story)"])

In 2023, the Fourteenth Doctor took Rose Noble to Mars without Donna Noble knowing. (TV: The Giggle [+]Loading...["The Giggle (TV story)"])

On 24 May 2027, it was reported that the British government was conducting further Mars research. (AUDIO: A Death in the Family [+]Loading...["A Death in the Family (audio story)"])

While the Tenth Doctor identified the Bowie Base One colony in 2058 as the "very first humans on Mars", an obituary of Adelaide Brooke mentioned that a three-person team including Brooke landed on Mars in 2041, when Adelaide was 42. (TV: The Waters of Mars [+]Loading...["The Waters of Mars (TV story)"])

In July 2058, Bowie Base One, the first human colony on Mars, was established, staffed by an international crew under Adelaide Brooke. On 21 November 2059, the base was overrun by a sentient, water-based lifeform and the base was destroyed to prevent it reaching Earth. Originally, nobody survived; the Tenth Doctor altered time, saving Brooke and two other crew members (though Brooke would kill herself soon after). (TV: The Waters of Mars [+]Loading...["The Waters of Mars (TV story)"])

The Ice Warriors had not given up their ambitions to colonise Earth. A strike team was sent to take control of T-Mat, and use it to transport seed pods to Earth that were designed to terraform its environment to an environment more suited to them. The fleet was destroyed thanks to the Second Doctor. (TV: The Seeds of Death [+]Loading...["The Seeds of Death (TV story)"])

According to Harold, who had watched a documentary about the Ice Warriors on the History Channel, the Ice Warriors were "supposed to have been wiped out" following the T-Mat incident. In the 23rd century, the Ice Warrior expert, Professor Schooner, declared the Ice Warriors "extinct" for "centuries", while Gregson Grenville had learnt in school that "[t]hey were all melted when the invasion fleet spiralled into the Sun". According to Grenville, nobody knew of any Ice Warriors existing after this period until the attack on Deimos Moonbase in the 23rd century. Human tourists to the catacombs of Deimos in the 23rd century, such as Margaret, considered the moon the "final resting place" of the Ice Warriors and she and Harold expressed shock that "real" Ice Warriors could ever exist. One of the Ice Warriors that awoke from the tombs on Deimos considered him and eight others the last of their race. The Eighth Doctor corrected him, mentioning the tombs in the Sol system's asteroid belt containing Ice Warriors yet to have been awakened. (AUDIO: Deimos [+]Loading...["Deimos (audio story)"])

However, according to another account, in the 2080s, the Ice Warriors fought and lost the Thousand Day War with Earth, opening up the planet for human colonisation and exploitation. (PROSE: Transit [+]Loading...["Transit (novel)"])

The human colonisation of Mars commenced in 2095. (PROSE: Beige Planet Mars [+]Loading...["Beige Planet Mars (novel)"])

Colonisation period[[edit]]

Early colonisation[[edit]]

Early Mars colonists discovered the body of Bernice Summerfield, frozen in stasis following her encounter with the Epoch on Zordin. A small cult was formed which worshipped Benny as a goddess. (AUDIO: Brand Management [+]Loading...["Brand Management (audio story)"])

22nd century[[edit]]

By the early 22nd century, Mars had been partially terraformed into a tourist resort for the wealthy. As the seas and canals were not red enough for the tourists, cranberry juice was poured into them. This human activity led to a malevolent, formless entity escaping from the sea's reflective surface. The Ninth Doctor and Rose defeated it; the Doctor believing the threat of it returning would force humanity to treat Mars with respect. (COMIC: The Cruel Sea [+]Loading...["The Cruel Sea (comic story)"]) Later in the 22nd century, Mars had ceased being a pure resort and had residential settlements.

The Seventh Doctor and his companions Chris Cwej and Roz Forrester visited Mars during the period of the Dalek occupation of Earth. (PROSE: GodEngine [+]Loading...["GodEngine (novel)"]) The Daleks invaded Mars while on their way to Earth. Colonists fought back and, with the help of the Ice Warriors, created a virus which ate away at Dalek cable insulation. The Dalek forces were driven away from the colony and decided just to focus on the Earth. (PROSE: The Dalek Invasion of Mars [+]Loading...["The Dalek Invasion of Mars (short story)"])

Shortly after the Dalek defeat, Anji Kapoor was stranded on Mars for four years. According to one account, at this time, Ice Warriors would sometimes stage attacks on human workplaces in an attempt to gain independence from humanity; these attacks largely failed. (PROSE: Fear Itself [+]Loading...["Fear Itself (novel)"])

23rd century[[edit]]

However, the Eighth Doctor mentioned that colonies of humans existed on Mars, numbering 300,000 in the 23rd century according to Temperance Finch, although according to this account, no Ice Warriors were known to live there, and were widely considered to have become extinct until a tomb containing live Ice Warriors was found on Deimos. (AUDIO: Deimos [+]Loading...["Deimos (audio story)"])

According to one account, the Eighth Doctor altered the beam of the atmospheric re-ioniser on Deimos Moonbase to make Mars more Earth-like for its inhabitants, saving them from being killed by the beam. The feedback the Doctor caused from the ionisation beam set the atmosphere of the moonbase alight, setting the entire moon on fire, making it an artificial sun to heat the human colonists. (AUDIO: The Resurrection of Mars [+]Loading...["The Resurrection of Mars (audio story)"])

25th century[[edit]]

The Daleks land on Mars. (COMIC: Invasion of the Daleks [+]Loading...["Invasion of the Daleks (comic story)"])

Around 2400, Mars had only a single, small colony and was the birthplace of Space Army Commander Vel Karneen. The Daleks invaded the solar system and Mars was their third target. Everyone in the colony was killed in three hours. Karneen had been offworld and led the Space Army against the Daleks. (COMIC: Invasion of the Daleks [+]Loading...["Invasion of the Daleks (comic story)"], PROSE: The Secret of the Mountain [+]Loading...["The Secret of the Mountain (short story)"], Break-through! [+]Loading...["Break-through! (short story)"]) Later, the Daleks used "Humanoids" for an ambush on Mars. (COMIC: The Humanoids [+]Loading...["The Humanoids (comic story)"])

Darzil Carlisle was born on Mars just outside Olympus Mons in 2414. (AUDIO: The Game [+]Loading...["The Game (audio story)"])

The Martian Wars took place circa the 25th century. (PROSE: The Taking of Chelsea 426 [+]Loading...["The Taking of Chelsea 426 (novel)"])

26th century[[edit]]

Mars' canals in the 26th century. (PROSE: Beige Planet Mars [+]Loading...["Beige Planet Mars (novel)"])

By the 26th century, the time of Bernice Summerfield, scholars like Benny herself devoted themselves to the study of Ice Warrior culture. (PROSE: Transit [+]Loading...["Transit (novel)"])

In 2545, during the Dalek War, the Daleks were able to seize control of Mars due to a failure to deploy Mars' nuclear deterrent. They would be eventually driven off-world by Earth and its allies. By 2595, humans celebrated the five hundredth anniversary of the start of human colonisation. (PROSE: Beige Planet Mars [+]Loading...["Beige Planet Mars (novel)"])

27th century[[edit]]

In the 27th century, Mars' President Lithops commissioned the development of a time machine. Time assassins attempted to use it to erase his timeline; the Tenth Doctor stopped them and destroyed the unsafe machine. (COMIC: Bus Stop! [+]Loading...["Bus Stop! (comic story)"]) It was around this time Bernice Summerfield came to Mars to discover a Pyramid that contained the essence of Sutekh and a possessed Seventh Doctor. She arrived during a war between the Martian colonial government and the Free Mars Party. (AUDIO: The Pyramid of Sutekh [+]Loading...["The Pyramid of Sutekh (audio story)"])

Cyberon War[[edit]]

During the Cyberon War, which lasted around a century and, depending on accounts, ended either in 2777 (PROSE: Cyber-Hunt [+]Loading...["Cyber-Hunt (novelisation)"]) or 3009, (PROSE: Flight of the Cyberons [+]Loading...["Flight of the Cyberons (short story)"]) a secret space station orbiting Mars was used for discreet weapons development by the Earth Alliance. Dracula's head was meant to be transported there for study from a base in the Alpha Centauri system, but was intercepted by the Cyberons before it could be safely delivered. (AUDIO: Curse of the Cyberons [+]Loading...["Curse of the Cyberons (audio story)"])

31st century[[edit]]

In 3004, there was the great Mars ash dieback. (PROSE: The Secret in Vault 13 [+]Loading...["The Secret in Vault 13 (novel)"])

40th century[[edit]]

Circa the 39th or 40th century, Mars and the Ice Warriors were part of a Galactic Federation that included Earth, Alpha Centauri and Arcturus. The presence of trisilicate made the planet politically important. (TV: The Curse of Peladon [+]Loading...["The Curse of Peladon (TV story)"])

In the 40th century, a Dalek ship was detected in the vicinity of Mars. (AUDIO: The Destroyers [+]Loading...["The Destroyers (audio story)"])

By the 40th century, the most common form of residential home on Mars was a prefabricated model known as M9. (AUDIO: The Anachronauts [+]Loading...["The Anachronauts (audio story)"])

In the late 40th century, Mars was among the "Big Four" powers in an alliance against the Dalek invasions. It was led by Bakabi when the Big Four decided to found the Space Security Service. (PROSE: The Outlaw Planet [+]Loading...["The Outlaw Planet (short story)"]) Space Security agent Bret Vyon was born in Colony 16. (TV: The Daleks' Master Plan [+]Loading...["The Daleks' Master Plan (TV story)"]) In the year 4000, Mars was one of the key targets for the Dalek takeover of the solar system. (TV: Mission to the Unknown [+]Loading...["Mission to the Unknown (TV story)"])

Mars would later see combat in the Great War. Though the Daleks managed to make planetfall on the red planet, they were defeated by a virus, possibly derived from the Movellan virus, that attacked the insulation of the cables in their electrical systems. Although the Daleks eventually discovered an antidote, they retreated from Mars. Combined with their expulsion from Venus, the Daleks were driven back from the solar system, but the war continued elsewhere in the galaxy. (PROSE: The Whoniverse [+]Loading...["The Whoniverse (novel)"])

Further on[[edit]]

In the 82nd century, Mars was privately owned by Josiah W. Dogbolter. (COMIC: The Moderator [+]Loading...["The Moderator (comic story)"])

By the year 200,000, Mars was home to a university of questionable reputation, with a nurse aboard Satellite Five associating it with the "Martian boondocks". Adam Mitchell pretended to be a student at "the university of Mars", a backstory he improvised without knowing whether or not this university existed. (TV: The Long Game [+]Loading...["The Long Game (TV story)"])

In 200,100, the planet was the subject of a question on the Game Station: it was determined, however, that the dish Gaffabeque originated on Lucifer, and not Mars. (TV: Bad Wolf [+]Loading...["Bad Wolf (TV story)"])

In the far future, radio and television broadcasts concerning the first manned mission to Mars could be accessed via the Gogglebox inside the Moon. (AUDIO: The Reaping [+]Loading...["The Reaping (audio story)"], The Gathering [+]Loading...["The Gathering (audio story)"])

Uncertain dates[[edit]]

The Ship may have landed on Mars while trying to get back to Earth. (GAME: Journey Back to Earth [+]Loading...["Journey Back to Earth (game)"])

Under the influence and control of the Usurians, a colony of humans temporarily moved to Mars, then on to Pluto after overpopulation had made Earth uninhabitable. (TV: The Sun Makers [+]Loading...["The Sun Makers (TV story)"])

The Fourth Doctor and Sarah Jane Smith visited a colonised Mars. (PROSE: Scarab of Death [+]Loading...["Scarab of Death (short story)"])

The Fourth Doctor again travelled to the planet with Leela and visited a terraformed, commercialised Mars abundant with commercialised imagery derived from human science fiction. (PROSE: Crimson Dawn [+]Loading...["Crimson Dawn (short story)"])

The Seventh Doctor stated that Mars had been terraformed on four different occasions by four different races in a million year time frame. (PROSE: GodEngine [+]Loading...["GodEngine (novel)"])

The Seventh Doctor and Ace once visited Mars. (AUDIO: Gods and Monsters [+]Loading...["Gods and Monsters (audio story)"])

The Seventh Doctor and Sally Morgan visited Mars, where they checked hieroglyphs on the tomb of an ancient star god. (AUDIO: Gods and Monsters [+]Loading...["Gods and Monsters (audio story)"])

Erimem, Andy Hansen, and Helena donned spacesuits and visited Mars where they left a copy of David Bowie's Life on Mars for future scientists to discover. (PROSE: Life on Mars on Mars [+]Loading...["Life on Mars on Mars (short story)"])

Andy Hansen and Erimem visited Mars again by themselves. A weather control station announced a blizzard by 9:00 local time. (PROSE: Auld Acquaintance [+]Loading...["Auld Acquaintance (short story)"])

Mars was one of the Earth Alliance's military strongholds during the Second Great Dalek Occupation. (AUDIO: The Fearless: Part 4 [+]Loading...["The Fearless: Part 4 (audio story)"])

Alternate timelines[[edit]]

In an alternate timeline, the Galactic Dutch Company had created domed colonies on Mars by 1983. (AUDIO: The Waters of Amsterdam [+]Loading...["The Waters of Amsterdam (audio story)"])

In an alternate timeline, Andy and Helena returned to Mars after Erimem went missing on 31 December 2017 to see if Erimem had somehow been stranded there. (PROSE: Auld Acquaintance [+]Loading...["Auld Acquaintance (short story)"])

One version of Mars in the 10,000 Dawns had a human population and a democratic planet-wide government, headed at one point in its history by President Zhang Han. It had a variety of popular exports, including four different varieties of olives. (PROSE: Birthdays are Made for Memories [+]Loading...["Birthdays are Made for Memories (short story)"])

Other references[[edit]]

The Museum of the Last Ones had specimens of extinct species from Mars. (PROSE: The Last Dodo [+]Loading...["The Last Dodo (novel)"])

Ben Jackson asked the Second Doctor to visit the planet, in vain, since the TARDIS would have landed on the Moon eventually. (TV: The Moonbase [+]Loading...["The Moonbase (TV story)"])

The Fourth Doctor claimed to have a pilot's licence for a Mars-Venus rocket run. (TV: Robot [+]Loading...["Robot (TV story)"])

In an interview hosted by Mickey on his website in early 2006, Henry Van Statten claimed that felt as if he was "still a little kid who [wanted] to be an astronaut, go to Mars, and make friends with a real, live alien." (PROSE: Henry Van Statten [+]Loading...["Henry Van Statten (short story)"])

Donna Noble believed the Tenth Doctor was from Mars. He later corrected her. (TV: The Runaway Bride [+]Loading...["The Runaway Bride (TV story)"])

The Thirteenth Doctor claimed to have shown author Ray Bradbury what Mars was really like, which left him disappointed. (COMIC: Meet the Fam! [+]Loading...["Meet the Fam! (comic story)"])

When Ruby Sunday said she wanted to see the Beatles, the Fifteenth Doctor said that "people always say the Titanic, or Mars, or Bethlehem." (TV: The Devil's Chord [+]Loading...["The Devil's Chord (TV story)"])

Behind the scenes[[edit]]

External links[[edit]]

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The Solar system
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Terrestrial planets
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Mercury
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Venus
Earth
(& Theia)
Mars
Asteroid belt
Gas giants
Jupiter
Saturn
Dione • Enceladus • Japetus • Mimas • Mnemosyne • Tethys • Titan
Uranus
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Wandering planets
Mondas • Skaro • Voga
Centaur belt
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Kuiper Belt
Pluto
Other
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beyond
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