Adolf Hitler: Difference between revisions

From Tardis Wiki, the free Doctor Who reference
No edit summary
 
(302 intermediate revisions by 86 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{subpage tabs}}
{{wikipediainfo}}
{{ImageLink}}
{{Infobox Individual
{{Infobox Individual
| individual name= Adolf Hitler
|alias        = The [[Führer]]
| alias=
|image        = <gallery>
| image= [[file:Adolf-hitler.jpg|250px]]
HitlerLooksLeft.jpg|Television
| species= [[Human]]
Hitler archive AHH.jpg|Archive
| home planet=[[Earth]]
Hitler AHoH.png|Illustration
| home era= [[1889]]-[[1945]]
</gallery>
| appearances=[[DW]]: ''[[Let's Kill Hitler]]''<br />[[NA]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus]]''<br>[[PDA]]: ''[[Players (novel)|Players]]'' (cameo)<br>[[PDA]]: ''[[The Shadow in the Glass]]''
|species       = Human
| mentions = [[DW]]: ''[[The Curse of Fenric]]''<br>[[EDA]]: ''[[History 101]]''<br>[[BFA]]: ''[[Neverland]]''<br>[[EDA]]: ''[[The Scarlet Empress]]''<br>[[BFA]]: ''[[Colditz]]''<br>[[BFG]]: ''[[A Blind Eye]]''<br>[[BFA]]: ''[[Klein's Story]]''<br>
|origin        = [[Austria]]
| actor=
|job          = Chancellor of Germany
|job2          = politician
|job3          = soldier
|job4          = artist
|affiliation  = Nazi Party
|affiliation2  = Third Reich
|birth date    = [[20 April]] [[1889]]
|death date    = [[30 April]] [[1945]], [[Führerbunker]], [[Berlin]]
|spouse        = Eva Braun
|child        = Adolf Hitler, Jr.
|mother        = Klara Hitler
|in-law        = Gretl Fegelein
|first mention cs = Doctor Who and the Crusaders (novelisation)
|first cs      = Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)
|appearances  = {{appears}}
|actor         = Albert Welling
|clip          = The Doctor Accidentally Saves Hitler - Let's Kill Hitler - Doctor Who
}}
}}
{{protect}}
'''Adolf Hitler''' was the leader of the [[Nazi]] [[Political party|Party]]. As leader of the [[Third Reich|Nazi regime]], he was the '''[[Führer]]''' of [[Germany]] between [[1933]] and [[1945]], and a chief instigator of [[World War II]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)}})
'''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20th April]] [[1889]] - [[30th April]] [[1945]]) was the leader of the [[Nazi]]s and a chief instigator of [[World War II]]. As leader of the [[Nazi]] regime, he ruled [[Germany]] from [[1933]] to [[1945]].
 
== Biography ==
=== Rise ===
==== Youth ====
Adolf Hitler was [[Birth|born]] on [[20 April]] [[1889]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow in the Glass (novel)|The Shadow in the Glass]]'', ''[[Warlords of Utopia (novel)|Warlords of Utopia]]'')
 
In [[1903]], after receiving a wealth of information from the future, [[Grigori Rasputin]] foresaw, among other things, Hitler's rise to power. ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[The Wanderer (audio story)|The Wanderer]]'')
 
Hitler tried his hand as a student of [[art]] but never forged a successful [[Artist|career]] in the field.
 
When the [[World War II|First World War]] broke out, Hitler served as a [[soldier]] in the [[German Army]]. Germany's defeat in [[1918]] was a source of bitter humiliation to many Germans and Hitler was no exception. He became bitter, neurotic, resentful and [[hate]]ful, blaming the loss of the [[war]] on [[Jew]]s, [[communism|communists]] and the rich. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)|Timewyrm: Exodus]]'')
 
==== Entering politics ====
Hitler became a member of the [[Nazi|National Socialist German Workers Party]] after its foundation in [[1919]] and became its leader in [[1921]]. He discovered a talent as an orator and his speeches helped raise the party to prominence, while other similar fringe groups during the period quickly faded away. During this time, the [[Timewyrm]], seeking [[revenge]] on the [[Seventh Doctor]] by destroying [[Earth|the planet he loved]], chose Hitler as a vessel and figurehead to help advance her plan to manipulate human history. However, she did not expect his [[mind]] to be so powerful and became trapped inside. Hitler, unaware of the attempted possession, began subconsciously accessing the Timewyrm's vast [[psychic power]]s and using them to become an even more compelling speaker.
 
Also during this time, the [[War Lord]]s discovered Hitler's psychic abilities and decided to use him in their second attempt to conquer the [[universe]]. However, for much of the [[1920s]] and [[1930s]], they could only observe Hitler, nudging his career along from the sidelines at most.
 
On [[9 November]] [[1923]], Hitler led the unsuccessful [[Beer Hall Putsch]] against the [[German War Office]] in [[Munich]]. Trampled by the fleeing party members after the [[police]] scattered the protesters, he thought the display a shameful one and contemplated [[suicide]] after believing his chance at leadership had been squandered. However, the Seventh Doctor reset Hitler's dislocated [[shoulder]] and gave him [[word]]s of advice and encouragement, claiming his time as leader would come in later [[year]]s. The Doctor's shocked [[companion]], [[Ace]], tried to assassinate Hitler with a canister of [[nitro-9a]] but the Doctor ruined her aim. He warned her that Hitler's survival was necessary to ensure [[history]] ran its proper course.
 
Hitler was later arrested and imprisoned for his part in the [[coup]]. Originally sentenced to prison for five years, he was ultimately released after only six months, during which time he wrote ''[[Mein Kampf]]''. After his release, he returned to public life as a [[hero]] to many. From then, he was able to focus his efforts on reorganising the scattered remnants of the Nazi Party. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)|Timewyrm: Exodus]]'')
 
By [[January]] [[1933]], Hitler and the resurgent Nazis were seen by many in Germany to be playing their part in the [[nation]]'s recovery. Hitler's private [[army]], the ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' (SA), effectively replaced the corrupt police force and helped clamp down on [[crime]], as well as many of the Nazis' opponents in the process. Hitler and the Nazi party played on the German people's discontent with the punishment Germany faced from the [[Treaty of Versailles]], especially the war reparations they were made to pay to the [[Allies (World War II)|Allies]]. This led to the party winning the 1932 elections. However, they did not win a majority in the Reichstag. ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[The Alchemists (audio story)|The Alchemists]]'')
 
Hitler finally became [[Chancellor of Germany]] on [[30 January]] [[1933]] ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[Neverland (audio story)|Neverland]]'') after winning 33% of the vote. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Players (novel)|Players]]'')
 
=== The Führer of the Third Reich ===
==== Statecraft ====
Hitler and his followers subscribed to the ideology of [[fascism]], which called for governance by a ruthless [[military]] [[dictatorship]] committed to the suppression of weakness and the importance of the fatherland. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Warlords of Utopia (novel)|Warlords of Utopia]]'') Accordingly, Hitler and his [[minister]]s purged the German state of all dissenting voices and establishing the dictatorship of the [[Third Reich]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)|Timewyrm: Exodus]]'', ''[[Just War (novel)|Just War]]'', ''[[Players (novel)|Players]]'', [[AUDIO]]: ''[[Just War (audio story)|Just War]]'') His rise coincided with that of other fascist leaders: [[Benito Mussolini]] in [[Italy]] and [[Francisco Franco]] in [[Spain]]. ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[Fiesta of the Damned (audio story)|Fiesta of the Damned]]'')
 
His ascension to power received little reaction from the [[United Kingdom]], where the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]], [[Ramsay MacDonald]], continued to prioritise his domestic program. For this, the Seventh Doctor branded MacDonald "an [[idiot]]", while individuals like [[Winston Churchill]] tried to warn others of the danger posed by Hitler. However, most of the British people ignored such warnings. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Log 384 (short story)|Log 384]]'')
 
Though sitting atop the Reich as [[Führer]], Hitler himself had little interest in administration and hard work, preferring ceremonial roles of little real importance despite his public image as a "superman". He enjoyed [[sleep]]ing late, long [[lunch]]es, inspecting [[Factory|factories]] and new [[autobahn]]s, and haranguing his subordinates. He left the running of the state apparatus to said subordinates, including [[Heinrich Himmler]], [[Martin Bormann]], [[Joseph Goebbels]], [[Hermann Goering]] and others. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Players (novel)|Players]]'')
 
A photograph of a [[Silent]] stood behind Hitler at a Nazi rally was included in the book ''[[The Secret Lives of Monsters]]''. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Secret Lives of Monsters (short story)|The Secret Lives of Monsters]]'')
 
In the [[summer]] of [[1934]], Hitler began to fear that [[Ernst Rohm]] and the SA were plotting a coup against him. On [[29 June|29]] and [[30 June]], Hitler ordered a preemptive strike against his own private army which was effectively eradicated by the ''[[Schutzstaffel]]'' (SS). ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)|Timewyrm: Exodus]]'', ''[[Wolfsbane (novel)|Wolfsbane]]'') The SS essentially replaced the SA as Hitler's elite body guard. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Just War (novel)|Just War]]'', ''[[Warlords of Utopia (novel)|Warlords of Utopia]]'')
 
==== Germany's rearmament ====
By [[1936]], Germany had reoccupied the [[Rhineland]] and began rearming in direct contravention of the [[Treaty of Versailles]]. The [[British government]] took no action and instead adopted the policy of [[appeasement]], hoping to avoid another war. The policy counter-productively suited Hitler very well, granting him time to build up the strength of the [[Wehrmacht]], the [[Luftwaffe]] and the [[Kriegsmarine]] ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Just War (novel)|Just War]]'', ''[[Players (novel)|Players]]'') as well as emboldening him further by showing that the [[Allies (World War II)|Allied powers]] were willing to back down from a confrontation. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)|Timewyrm: Exodus]]'')
 
In light of these developments, Hitler was irritated by the presence of the likes of Winston Churchill, whom he referred to contemptuously as "that [[gangster]]". Churchill and his allies opposed appeasement and although remained unpopular and marginalised at home, Hitler worried that they could harm Germany's standing in British public opinion. At the time, Hitler was planning to build a vast [[empire]] in the [[east]], modelled on the [[British Empire]], and wanted to avoid a fight with a fellow nation of superior "[[Aryan]]s". [[Joachim von Ribbentrop]], the German [[Ambassador]] to Britain, began working to secure an alliance. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Players (novel)|Players]]'')
 
In the midst of Britain's [[abdication crisis]] during [[November]] and [[December]] 1936, ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Wolfsbane (novel)|Wolfsbane]]'') Ribbentrop was approached by [[Count (Players)|the Count]] and [[Countess (Players)|Countess]] of the [[Player]]s and began organising a coup in Britain to install a pro-Nazi government. Churchill, the [[Sixth Doctor]] and [[Peri Brown]] foiled the plot, leaving Ribbentrop to face Hitler's fury when he returned to [[Berlin]]. Ribbentrop tried to salvage the situation by producing a list of British Nazi sympathies, but it had been replaced with a laundry list. This oversight made Hitler even angrier and he flew into a ferocious rage, chasing Ribbentrop from the [[office]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Players (novel)|Players]]'')
 
[[File:Hitler, Goering, and Varney.png|thumb|left|Hitler, [[Hermann Goering|Goering]], and [[Varney]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Tooth and Claw (comic story)}})]]
These fits were caused by the trapped Timewyrm amplifying Hitler's [[emotion]]s, especially in stressful or unfavourable situations. The rooms in which they took place were frequently wrecked by the unstable use of psychic powers, which would leave Hitler unconscious. They never occurred in the presence of someone like Martin Bormann, who had a calming effect on Hitler. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)|Timewyrm: Exodus]]'') Unaware of the cause, Bormann noted the alarming frequency of the Führer's destructive fits. Following the latest outburst in front of Ribbentrop, he decided to enlist the aid of a psychic advisor named [[Doctor|Dr]] Felix Kriegslieter. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Players (novel)|Players]]'')
 
Kriegslieter was an alias of [[the War Chief]], who offered what aid to Hitler he could. The arrangement brought the War Lords the proximity to Hitler they had sought for over a [[decade]]. They set themselves up as the [[Black Coven]] and used psionic technology to boost Hitler's abilities even more. Their ultimate aim was to help Hitler conquer Earth, and then, using the War Lords' advanced technology, lead the Nazis in the conquest of the universe. For the time being, their aims coincided with the expansionist goals of the Nazis, ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)|Timewyrm: Exodus]]'') as exemplified by the [[1937]] [[Hossbach Niederschrift]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Warlords of Utopia (novel)|Warlords of Utopia]]'')
 
==== Empire building ====
[[File:Nuremberg Rally Secret Lives of Monsters.png|thumb|Hitler speaks at a [[Nuremberg]] rally, alongside a [[Silent]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Secret Lives of Monsters (novel)}})]]
In [[1938]], Hitler acquired a [[validium]] bow, one of the components of [[Nemesis]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[Silver Nemesis (TV story)|Silver Nemesis]]'') In the same year he was almost killed prematurely by the ''[[Teselecta]]'', only to be accidentally saved by the [[Eleventh Doctor]] when he lost control of [[The Doctor's TARDIS|his TARDIS]] and crashed through the [[window]] of Hitler's [[Reichschancellery]] office. After thanking the Doctor for saving him, Hitler asked what the TARDIS was. The Doctor responded by saying it was a [[London]] [[police box]], issuing Hitler with a chilling warning about his future defeat. After shooting at the ''Teselecta'', Hitler was punched by [[Rory Williams]] and locked in a [[cupboard]]. A stray [[bullet]] from Hitler's gunfire struck [[Mels]] and lethally [[wound]]ed her, forcing her to [[Regeneration|regenerate]] into her new appearance and identity as [[River Song]]. Hitler stayed locked in the cupboard as the [[time travel]]lers pursued River through the [[street]]s of Berlin. ([[TV]]: ''[[Let's Kill Hitler (TV story)|Let's Kill Hitler]]'')
 
Later in 1938, Hitler ordered the [[Anschluss|annexation]] of [[Austria]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[Silver Nemesis (TV story)|Silver Nemesis]]'') On the day it fell under German control, Hitler drove straight to [[Vienna]] to obtain the [[Lance of Longinus|Spear of Destiny]] from a [[museum]]. He took the spear back to a museum in [[Berlin]] and from then on believed Germany was invincible. According to the [[Third Doctor]], it would have been, had Hitler been aware that the Spear was a [[Physical Temporal Nexus]] which required the user to personally wield it; as a simple museum exhibit, it was useless, and in any event, the Doctor subsequently replaced the genuine PTN with a fake. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Spear of Destiny (short story)|The Spear of Destiny]]'') Beneath the Rhineland, the Nazis also discovered a piece of [[chronosteel]], which Hitler believed to be [[Thor's Hammer]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[Lost in Time (TV story)|Lost in Time]]'')
 
Following Austria, Germany annexed [[Czechoslovakia]]. This finally provoked a response from the British government but in the face of Hitler, the Allies resolve remained weak. George Limb, who was present at the conference intended to resolve the crisis, felt that [[Neville Chamberlain]] allowed Hitler to walk all over him. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Illegal Alien (novel)|Illegal Alien]]'') During the crisis, Hitler succumbed to the Timewyrm's powers again and launched into another fit. The only witness, an old German [[general]], [[Death|died]] of a [[heart attack]]. Hitler was found unconscious by Bormann once again. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)|Timewyrm: Exodus]]'')
 
Hitler intended his empire in the east to consist of [[Poland]], [[Russia]], [[Persia]] and parts of [[Asia]] and the [[Far East]]. Russia was especially important given Hitler's hatred of communism and the [[Soviet Union]]. Yet before such a confrontation could take place, Hitler's attention turned to Poland, ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)|Timewyrm: Exodus]]'') seen by the Nazis as a contemptible produce of the Versailles settlement. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Just War (novel)|Just War]]'', [[AUDIO]]: ''[[Just War (audio story)|Just War]]'') The Nazis approached the Soviets and agreed to split Poland between them ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)|Timewyrm: Exodus]]'') in a [[non-aggression pact]]. ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[An Eye For Murder (audio story)|An Eye For Murder]]'')
 
At the end of [[August]] [[1939]], Hitler was reunited with the Seventh Doctor and Ace after addressing a [[Nuremberg rally|party rally]] at Nuremberg. Hitler [[hug]]ged the Doctor, recognising him as the man who helped him after the 1923 Putsch and knowing that his words of encouragement had come to pass. Upon returning to Berlin, Hitler took the Doctor on as an advisor and asked him what would happen in the future. The Doctor warned Hitler that to attack Poland would mean war with Britain. Having been led up to this point to believe that Britain had no stomach for a fight, Hitler flew into to another Timewyrm rage, wrecked his office and fell unconscious, after which Bormann arrived on the scene. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)|Timewyrm: Exodus]]'')
 
=== Second World War ===
==== Outbreak ====
On [[Friday]] [[1 September]] 1939, following a fierce [[propaganda]] campaign denouncing Poland as a warmongering nation, Hitler addressed the [[Reichstag]]. He delivered a speech accusing Poland of attacking German soil to justify the [[Invasion of Poland|German invasion]].{{Quote|I am wrongly judged if my love of peace and my patience are mistaken for weakness or even cowardice. I have therefore resolved to speak to Poland in the language Poland uses to us. Last night, for the first time, Polish soldiers fired on our territory. We have been returning the fire. From now on, bombs will be met with bombs!|[[Adolf Hitler]]|Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)}}Declaring that he was now but a simple soldier of Germany, vowed to wear his [[brown]] soldier's coat until the end of the war.
 
On the [[morning]] of [[Sunday]] [[3 September]], Hitler was quickly satisfied with the German progress in Poland and summoned the Doctor to his office in the Chancellery building, confident Britain's guarantee of aid to Poland would come to nothing despite the Doctor's earlier prediction. However Ribbentrop and an interpreter named [[Schmidt (Timewyrm: Exodus)|Schmidt]] reached Hitler's office at precisely 9 o'clock with a communication from the British Ambassador stating Germany was to withdraw from Poland or face war. Hitler realised that Britain was serious and he had been given two [[hour]]s to comply with their terms. He sat silently for ages and then asked Ribbentrop, "What now?" Ribbentrop responded, "I assume the [[France|French]] will hand in a similar ultimatum within the hour." Further enraged, Hitler shouted Ribbentrop and Schmidt from the room and in his fury, the Timewyrm began to reassert control again once more. The Doctor intervened and implored Hitler to resist. The Führer calmed down just as Bormann, Goering and Ribbentrop reappeared with news of setbacks on the Polish front that required Hitler's attention. The calming effect of Bormann instilled more confidence in Hitler. He crumpled the ultimatum up and ordered Bormann to contact the British Ambassador. The terms of the ultimatum would not and could not be fulfilled.
 
With his intervention, the Doctor inadvertently taught Hitler how to control the Timewyrm's power. While taking personal command of the Polish campaign, Hitler made several sound strategic decisions which helped to overcome the setbacks and restart the push towards [[Warsaw]].
 
In his capacity as Hitler's adviser, the Doctor exposed the schemes of the Kriegslieter and the [[Black Coven]]. To accelerate Hitler's victory, the Coven sought to iron out known mistakes in his strategy, mainly the incomplete victory at [[Dunkirk]] and the premature invasion of the Soviet Union. They also began developing [[nuclear weapon]]s for use against Russia, [[United States of America|America]] and [[China]]. In addition, the Coven feared Hitler's mental state posed a risk to their success and considered replacing him as Führer with someone more stable like Himmler. Himmler himself separately considered something like this as well, although out of [[loyalty]], he felt Hitler could remain as a figurehead as Germany's [[emperor]]. However, with Hitler now in control of the Timewyrm, this proved a moot point.
 
They were all killed in a conflict with Goering's soldiers at Himmler's castle of [[Drachensberg]]. Hitler arrived at the castle to investigate the occurrences, where the Doctor commended the actions of Himmler and Goering for defeating a plot by Kriegslieter against him. Pleased with the news, Hitler informed the Doctor of his newfound powers and then returned Himmler and Goering to Berlin to prepare for a showdown with the Western Allies. The Doctor despaired at the realisation that he had just helped Hitler become powerful enough to win the war. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)|Timewyrm: Exodus]]'')
 
==== Facing the Allies ====
After the fall of Poland, the Nazis offered to reopen negotiations with Britain and France in October, which was rejected. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Just War (novel)|Just War]]'', [[AUDIO]]: ''[[Just War (audio story)|Just War]]'') Committed to [[Western Front (World War II)|a war in the west]], Germany launched the ''[[Blitzkrieg]]'' in [[May]] [[1940]]. Under the onslaught, France, [[Belgium]] and the [[Netherlands]] all fell within the month while the [[British Army]] was [[Battle of Dunkirk|surrounded]] by the Wehrmacht at Dunkirk.
 
Hitler had taken personal command of the campaign, which he oversaw at his command bunker at [[Felsennest]] near [[Aachen]]. As he examined the battlefield one [[night]], the Seventh Doctor arrived and goaded the Timewyrm with taunts of her inferiority and subservience to Hitler. The Timewyrm found the strength of will to escape his mind and the Doctor fired her away through [[time]]. Losing his augmented abilities, Hitler's confidence was sapped and he desperately appealed to the Doctor for advice while he sat on the cusp of victory. The Doctor advised him to let the British go and to postpone an [[Operation Sealion|invasion of England]], so they would eventually seek peace with Germany and aid in a war against the Soviet Union. Convinced of the longer-term strategy, Hitler rang a field-[[telephone]] with a message for General [[Heinz Guderian]]: "There is to be no further advance on Dunkirk." On Hitler's order, for reasons his generals never understood, the Germans' encircling advance was halted in one fatal last-minute delay. The bulk of Britain's military forces were [[Operation Dynamo|successfully evacuated back home]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)|Timewyrm: Exodus]]'')
 
Despite victory on the [[continent]], leaving him as "master of Europe", ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[The Ultimate Adventure (audio story)|The Ultimate Adventure]]'') Winston Churchill, now as Britain's Prime Minister, vowed never to [[surrender]]. ([[WC]]: ''[[Amy's History Hunt (video game)|Amy's History Hunt]]'', [[PROSE]]: ''[[Warlords of Utopia (novel)|Warlords of Utopia]]'') With the supremacy of the [[Royal Navy]] in the [[English Channel]], an invasion by Germany proved unfeasible, moving the war to the [[Sky|skies]] in the [[Battle of Britain]]. ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[Their Finest Hour (audio story)|Their Finest Hour]]'') The [[Royal Air Force]] repelled the Luftwaffe before they could achieved air superiority, ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Carpenter Butterfly Baronet (short story)|/Carpenter/Butterfly/Baronet/]]'') much to Hitler's disappointment. By now, it seemed to be dawning on him that Britain would not come to terms and he never forgave the Luftwaffe. Hitler decided to change tactics in September. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow in the Glass (novel)|The Shadow in the Glass]]'')
 
Rather than fight the RAF directly, Hitler ordered the Luftwaffe to begin an aerial bombardment campaign against British [[City|cities]], mostly [[London]], which became known as [[the Blitz]]. German [[propaganda]] claimed the attacks were only directed against [[military]] and industrial targets. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Just War (novel)|Just War]]'', [[AUDIO]]: ''[[Just War (audio story)|Just War]]'') However, civilians suffered under the bombardment. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Tell Me You Love Me (short story)|Tell Me You Love Me]]'', [[TV]]: ''[[The Empty Child (TV story)|The Empty Child]]''/''[[The Doctor Dances (TV story)|The Doctor Dances]]'') Hitler hoped this would deplete civilian morale and lead to the British [[surrender]]ing. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Illegal Alien (novel)|Illegal Alien]]'') For a while, Britain's [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[Winston Churchill]] bemoaned Hitler's "Nazi menace" proved exhausting on morale. ([[TV]]: ''[[Victory of the Daleks (TV story)|Victory of the Daleks]]'') However, this surrender did not come to pass. The Blitz was effectively over by [[July]] [[1941]], Hitler and his forces having failed to defeat the British in both conventional military and [[Psychology|psychological]] warfare. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Illegal Alien (novel)|Illegal Alien]]'')
[[File:HItler illustration.jpg|thumb|An illustration of Hitler on a [[poster]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Empty Child (TV story)|The Empty Child]]'')|left]]
By [[20 January]] [[1941]], [[poster]]s reading "HITLER WILL SEND NO [[Warning|WARNING]][[Exclamation point|!]]" and depicting Hitler were present in [[Nightclub (The Empty Child)|a London nightclub]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Empty Child (TV story)|The Empty Child]]'')
 
==== War against the Soviet Union ====
By [[1941]], the British were still resisting, and had expanded their war effort into the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]], ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Christmas Presence (short story)|The Christmas Presence]]'') [[Greece]] ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Just War (novel)|Just War]]'') and [[North Africa Campaign|North Africa]]. ([[COMIC]]: ''[[The Instruments of War (comic story)|The Instruments of War]]'') The Reich's focus instead moved to Hitler's main goal: the [[Operation Barbarossa|invasion of the Soviet Union]]. The Germans made a titanic advance deep into Russia but by December, the [[winter]] had halted them outside [[Moscow]], where the [[Red Army]] counter-attacked. At the same time, the United States joined the war, mobilising vast resources against Germany. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Just War (novel)|Just War]]'')
 
For all the setbacks, the Third Reich reached its peak in [[August]] [[1942]]. In Berlin, Hitler attended a ball with his secret lover, [[Eva Braun]]. There, Hitler met the [[Sixth Doctor]] and [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart]], who, to his intense embarrassment, accidentally offered Hitler a [[sausage roll]]. Introduced themselves as [[Aliases of the Doctor|Major Johann Schmidt]] of the Berlin Fifth Medical Corps and Brigadier General Braun from the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]], the pair won Hitler's confidence and were invited to take [[blood]] samples from Hitler and Eva in order to test their compatibility, as they were secretly planning to get married and have a [[child]].
 
During the examination, Hitler raised the topic of the Eastern Front. His armies were by then advancing to the city of [[Stalingrad]] for a [[Battle of Stalingrad|huge confrontation with the Soviets]]. The Doctor told Hitler that the victor of Stalingrad would "win the war". Indeed, Stalingrad proved a great Soviet victory which ended the ascension of the Third Reich, with huge consequences for Hitler's ultimate downfall. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow in the Glass (novel)|The Shadow in the Glass]]'')
 
=== Downfall ===
==== Desperation ====
By [[1944]], the war had turned against Germany and military scientists scrambled to construct new and miraculous ''[[Wunderwaffe]]<nowiki/>n''. In [[March]], the Germans intercepted radio transmissions from [[space]] which Hitler believed were plans sent by aliens to help him win the war. The plans helped the Germans construct ''[[Die Glocke]]'' but after unsuccessful testing, the device was shelved. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Crawling Terror (novel)|The Crawling Terror]]'') The [[V1 flying bomb]]s and [[V2 rocket]]s also launched against against Britain that year but had little more than a psychological effect. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Just War (novel)|Just War]]'', ''[[Illegal Alien (novel)|Illegal Alien]]'', ''[[The Turing Test (novel)|The Turing Test]]'', et al.)
 
In Germany, members of the armed forces came to oppose Hitler, seeing his ongoing struggle as insanity. The [[Valkyrie (organisation)|Valkyrie plot]] tried to remove him from power but failed. After [[Erwin Rommel]] was implicated in the plot, he was offered a choice between suicide or the death of his [[family]] and chose the former. ([[COMIC]]: ''[[The Instruments of War (comic story)|The Instruments of War]]'')
 
In August [[1944]], while planning a raid on [[Turelhampton]] to acquire alien technology, Hitler insisted that Major Schmidt be included as part of the team (from the Doctor's perspective, this took place before his meeting with Hitler in 1942).
 
In the same month, Martin Bormann began planning [[Operation Eagle Flight]], an initiative to stockpile massive amounts of economic resources to aid in the continued struggle for Nazism even if the war was lost. As part of Eagle Flight, it was crucial for Eva Braun to survive the war after she became [[Pregnancy|pregnant]] with [[Adolf Hitler, Jr.|Hitler's child]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow in the Glass (novel)|The Shadow in the Glass]]'')
 
Among more of Hitler's outlandish plots were a replica of London and human experimentation to produce [[Creature (The Shadow of London)|super soldiers]]. ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[The Shadow of London (audio story)|The Shadow of London]]'') By [[11 April]] [[1945]], all these "miracle schemes" had failed. Doktor [[Vilhelm Schädengeist]] thought the ''Wunderwaffen'' projects an absurdity which only drained valuable resources and [[Reichmark]]s which could have been put to something more useful. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Schädengeist's First Love (short story)|Schädengeist's First Love]]'') [[April]] laid bare the hopelessness of Hitler's situation. While the British and Americans invaded Germany, ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Made of Steel (novel)|Made of Steel]]'', ''[[Cabinets of Curiosities (short story)|Cabinets of Curiosities]]'', ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)|Timewyrm: Exodus]]'') the Soviets marched against the German [[capital city]] itself.
 
The [[Battle of Berlin|Soviet invasion of Berlin]] led Hitler and many other high-ranking Nazi ministers to retreat to the [[Führerbunker]] beneath the Reichschancellery. Accompanying Hitler was his beloved [[Alsatian]], [[Blondi]], and, on [[15 April]], Eva Braun.
 
[[20 April]] marked Hitler's 56th [[birthday]] but he appeared almost 20 years older than that. His left [[arm]] shook uncontrollably due to him having developed [[Parkinson's disease]] and among his several forms of [[medication]] were [[strychnine]] and [[cocaine]]. Goebbels ordered that the Führer only be filmed and photographed from certain angles to hide his frailty as this was no longer the Führer at the height of Nazi power. Some of his generals and ministers urged him to flee Berlin to Southern Germany but he refused. Hitler ventured outside the Bunker for the last known time and addressed the [[Hitler Youth Brigade]], preparing them for the continuation of military operations in spite of the hopeless situation. Himmler secretly left the Bunker in an attempt to make peace with the allies, without Hitler's knowledge or authorisation.


==Biography==
==== Death ====
Hitler joined the Nazi Party in [[1919]] and became its leader in [[1921]]. During this time, the [[Timewyrm]], looking for a way to hurt [[Seventh Doctor|the Doctor]] by destroying the planet he loved, chose Hitler to use as a figurehead for her plan to manipulate human history. However, she did not expect his mind to be so powerful and became trapped in it. Hitler began subconsciously accessing the Timewyrm's vast [[psychic power]]s and using them to become an even more compelling speaker.
A few days later, the Soviets reached the outskirts of the city, causing Hitler to declare, "All is lost." While showing signs of emotional and physical breakdown, he, along with Eva, stated their intention to commit suicide. Hitler tested cyanide pills on Blondi. On 25 April, the Soviets entered Berlin's inner city ring and began hunting for Hitler. Rumours circulated that whoever found him would be proclaimed a [[Hero of the Soviet Union]]. Hitler's once loyal ministers, including [[Albert Speer]] and [[Hermann Goering]], continued to abandon him until only Bormann and Goebbels were left by his side.


Also during this time, the [[War Lord]]s discovered Hitler's psychic abilities and decided to use him in their second attempt to conquer the universe. They set themselves up as the [[Black Coven]] and allied with him, while [[the War Chief]], as Doctor Felix Kriegslieter, used psionic technology to boost Hitler's abilities even more.
On [[29 April]], Hitler married Eva Braun. Eva signed her name on the marriage certificate as "Eva Hitler". Afterwards, Hitler dictated his [[Will and Political Testament of Adolf Hitler|Will and Political Testament]] to [[Traudl Junge|a secretary]]. The will denounced the Wehrmacht and Luftwaffe for their failure, he named the highest-ranking Kriegsmarine commander, [[Admiral]] [[Karl Donitz]], as his successor. In character to the last, Hitler blamed the start of the war on a Jewish conspiracy.


On [[9th November]] [[1923]], the Doctor and [[Ace]] witnessed Hitler leading the unsuccessful Beer Hall Putsch. The Doctor reset Hitler's dislocated shoulder and gave words of advice and encouragement to him, later explaining to the shocked Ace that it was necessary to ensure history would run its proper course. Hitler was later arrested and sent to prison, but was released the following year, and was eventually appointed Chancellor in 1933. ([[NA]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus]]'')
On [[30 April]], after lunch, Hitler bid his final farewells and was then escorted towards his room by Bormann. On the way, he met the Sixth Doctor and Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart one last time, recognising them as Major Johann Schmidt and Brigadier General Braun, who he assumed had come to pay their last respects to their Führer. Yet with them was [[Adolf Hitler, Jr.]], Hitler's son who had come back in time to meet his [[father]]. Hitler merely assumed the lookalike was an overenthusiastic follower but he quickly lost patience with the stranger when he insisted on his familial ties. The Doctor also swayed Hitler's perception of Hitler Jr. Given their prior "friendship", Hitler was more willing to believe the Doctor over this stranger with his face and name, and dismissed the latter as a madman.


In [[1936]], [[King]] [[Edward VIII]] of [[Great Britain]] and Sir [[Oswald Mosley]] planned to establish a [[British government|government]] which would be sympathetic to Hitler, but this plan was defeated by the [[Sixth Doctor]]. ([[PDA]]: ''[[Players (novel)|Players]]'')
Finally, after Hitler Jr brought news of the [[Scrying Glass]] and suggested they consult Himmler for advice, Hitler's tolerance for the stranger evaporated. Having learned of Himmler's betrayal, Hitler decried the former ''Reichsfuhrer'' for his wasted obsession with the occult. Hitler took his gun and shot Hitler Jr through the head and told Bormann to dump the body in the water tower.


In [[1938]], Hitler acquired a [[validium]] bow, which was one of the components of [[Nemesis]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[Silver Nemesis]]'')
Hitler returned to his room where [[Magda Goebbels]] and [[Arthur Axmann]] tried to have final words with him, but they were sent away by [[Heinz Linge]] and [[Otto Gunsche]]. Finally, Hitler bit down on a cyanide pill while simultaneously shooting himself through the [[jaw]]. The Doctor pronounced him and Eva dead, knowing the latter was in fact alive. Bormann had Hitler's corpse placed and burned in a shell crater outside the Bunker. Alongside him was placed the body of the Doctor's ally, [[Claire Aldwych]], who Bormann had murdered to fake the death of Eva Braun, who escaped Germany with the unborn Hitler Jr. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow in the Glass (novel)|The Shadow in the Glass]]'')


In September [[1939]], during the German invasion of [[Poland]], Hitler was reunited with the Doctor and Ace in [[Berlin]] and took him on as an advisor. In this capacity, the Doctor exposed the schemes of the Black Coven and Kreigsleiter, all of whom were killed in a conflict with German soldiers. The Doctor also inadvertently taught Hitler how to control the Timewyrm's power.
=== Postmortem ===
==== Recovery of body ====
According to Russian reports held by the [[State Special Trophy Archive]] in the [[Operation Myth]] file, the Russians recovered the burned bodies of Hitler, Eva Braun, the Goebbels [[family]], [[General]] [[Hans Krebs]] and two [[dog]]s from the Reichschancellery garden and [[Autopsy|autopsies]] were performed at [[Buch]]. Two autopsy reports were drawn up, with one of them made official. The second was written up after the crater in which the bodies were found was re-examined.


In May [[1940]], on the night of the [[Dunkirk]] evacuation, the Doctor and Ace visited Hitler for a third and final time. The Doctor banished the Timewyrm from Hitler's mind, scattering it throughout time and space. Unstable and disoriented without the entity's power, Hitler was convinced to allow the evacuation to proceed. ([[NA]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus]]'')
[[Skull]] fragments, [[teeth]] and a [[jaw]] [[bone]] which were believed to belong to Hitler and Eva were sent back to Moscow and retained in the archives. The body officially identified as Hitler's was 10 [[centimetre]]s shorter than his known height but the burning of the body accounted for this. The first autopsy concluded Hitler also died from cyanide poisoning while the second discovered a [[bullet]] hole in the roof of the [[mouth]]. The Russians concluded Hitler had taken cyanide and shot himself at the same time but this was not made public. For propaganda purposes, Stalin promoted the idea that Hitler chose [[poison]], "the death of a [[Cowardice|coward]]".


In August [[1942]], the [[Sixth Doctor]], investigating reports that Hitler might have survived his apparent death with the aid of alien technology, visited him in Berlin, accompanied by [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart]]. Introducing himself as Major Johann Schmidt, an army doctor, he acquired blood samples from Hitler and [[Eva Braun]]. From these, he learned that, while Hitler had died, Eva had survived and been smuggled to safety while pregnant with [[Adolf Hitler, Jr.|Hitler's child]].
Without anything to compare the results to, [[DNA]] tests would have proved useless in confirming the identity of the bodies. Bodily fluids were also recovered and retained in the archives. Tests on those confirmed they came from the same bodies but not whose bodies they were. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow in the Glass (novel)|The Shadow in the Glass]]'')


In August [[1944]], while planning a raid on [[Turelhampton]] to acquire alien technology, Hitler insisted that Major Schmidt be included as part of the team.
==== Interment ====
The bodies were reburied in Buch, then dug up and reburied an [[Finow]]. On [[3 July]] 1945, the bodies were moved again to [[Ratenow]] and a pine [[forest]] was planted over the area. In [[February]] [[1946]], the bodies were moved yet again to the courtyard of 36 [[Westernstrasse]] in [[Magdeburg]], the [[SMERSH]] regional headquarters.


On [[30th April]] [[1945]], near the end of the war, the Doctor, Lethbridge-Stewart, [[Claire Aldwych]] and Hitler's son visited Hitler in his bunker. Hitler's son had forced the Doctor to [[time travel|take him back in time]] to meet his father. Aided by the Doctor's prior 'friendship' with him influencing his decisions, Hitler dismissed his son as a madman and shot him. Shortly afterwards, he committed [[suicide]] rather than face defeat. ([[PDA]]: ''[[The Shadow in the Glass]]'')
In [[1970]], the [[building]] was returned to [[East Germany]] and SMERSH moved out. Head of the [[KGB]], [[Yuri Andropov]], ordered the bodies destroyed to prevent the accidental discovery of Hitler's secret [[grave]]. The [[human]] and dog bones were mixed up to make identification harder before they were completely [[Incineration|incinerated]] on [[5 April]] on waste grounds at [[Schonebeck]] in [[Operation Archive]]. A cover story claimed that Counter Intelligence had discovered secret Nazi documents in the courtyard to explain the digging. The ground where the bodies were buried was dug out and thrown into the [[river]].


===Alternate Timelines===
Archivist [[Irina Kobulov]] was confident that all the evidence in the Myth file confirmed that Hitler had not survived. The skull fragments and bodily fluids were all that survived of the bodies. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow in the Glass (novel)|The Shadow in the Glass]]'')
In an [[alternate timeline]] in which Hitler did not lose the power of the Timewyrm, Germany went on to conquer [[England]] and the rest of Europe. The Doctor and Ace, after visiting this timeline in [[1951]], prevented it from coming to pass. ([[NA]]: ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus]]'')


In an alternate timeline in which Nazi Germany won the [[Second World War]] (created when [[Seventh Doctor|the Doctor]] and [[Ace]] accidently left laser technology in [[Colditz Castle]] in [[1944]]), Hitler died in [[1961]] at the age of 71 or 72. Prior to his death, he had stockpiled a large number of alien artefacts- including the TARDIS-, but had kept them contained because he feared the implications of superior-than-human intelligence existing in the universe. ([[BFA]]: ''[[Klein's Story]]'')
==== Speculation and reported post-war sightings ====
During the [[Potsdam Conference]], Stalin told [[United States of America|US]] [[President of the United States|President]] [[Harry S. Truman]] that Hitler may have fled to [[Spain]] or [[Argentina]]. The Conference took place before the Russians had performed the autopsies, and the Soviets were unaware if they had truly found the body of Hitler.


==References==
The [[testimony]] of Hitler's personal [[pilot]], [[Hans Baur]], on [[14 July]] 1945 revealed the existence of a double of Hitler who turned up in the Bunker, and that a body was substituted before the burning took place. However, the rest of the document was charred, rendering it unreadable. The Russians believed it to be a deception or even a forgery, and attempts by Baur to bargain for his [[life]].
*When [[the Master (UNIT years)|the Master]] claimed he wanted to rule people "for their own good", the [[Third Doctor]] wondered if he had heard Adolf Hitler say the same thing (implying that he had heard Hitler speak before). ([[DW]]: ''[[The Dæmons]]'')
*[[Millington]] maintained a copy of a [[Nazi]] office in the naval base at [[Maiden's Bay]], including a portrait of Hitler. The [[Seventh Doctor]] considered Hitler to be "a dreadful man." ([[DW]]: ''[[The Curse of Fenric]]'')
*After the attack on the [[Dalek]] ship put [[London]] back under cover of blackout, an officer shook his fist towards the oncoming bombers and said "Do your worst, Adolf!" ([[DW]]: ''[[Victory of the Daleks]]'')
*Hitler's appointment as German Chancellor was noted as a key event by the [[Matrix]] while attempting to keep a clear record of the [[Web of Time]] during the outbreak of [[Anti-Time]]. ([[BFA]]: ''[[Neverland]]'')
*After the Germans took [[Paris]], Hitler wanted his photo taken at the top of the [[Eiffel Tower]]. This was impossible however as the tower's keepers had scuppered the lifts and so he settled for a press conference in the monuments shadow instead. ([[EDA]]: ''[[History 101]]'')


==Behind the scenes==
Also in [[July]] 1945, a [[letter]] to a [[Chicago]] [[newspaper]] alleged that Hitler was living in a hacienda nearly 500 miles away from [[Buenos Aires]]. The [[American Office of Censorship]] intercepted the letter, which also instructed the intended recipient how to enter the house and what torchlight codes to use to indicate friendly intent. [[J. Edgar Hoover]], director of the [[FBI]], wrote a handwritten note regarding the letter, which indicated that he took the information seriously.
*In ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus]]'', the Doctor stated that he had never met Hitler before, even though he had done so in his sixth incarnation. One explanation is that the events of the conclusion of ''[[The Shadow in the Glass]]'' were something he would rather forget.
*When asked what historical figure would make the best Doctor, Russell T Davies controversially, and not without tongue firmly in cheek, said: "Hitler. He was stern and strong. He would be great.".[http://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/view/24692/Hitler-would-be-top-Timelord/]
*Long-time ''[[Doctor Who]]'' actor [[Michael Sheard]] has played Hitler several times.


{{wikipediainfo}}
A Russian newspaper claimed Hitler and Eva Braun were hiding in a [[castle]] in [[Westphalia]], which was part of the [[United Kingdom|British]] zone of occupied Germany. [[Brigadier]] [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart|Lethbridge-Stewart]] dismissed this as Soviet propaganda intended to smear the British. He admitted that although it was possible for the British to have secretly spirited Hitler away, his position at [[UNIT]] meant he would have known about it if it was true.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hitler, Adolf}}
 
[[Category:German politicians]]
Other documents suggested Hitler that had become a [[hermit]] in [[Italy]] or a [[shepherd]] in the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[Alps]]. Another placed him in [[Ireland]]. Another postulated that he had supplemented his income by working as a [[croupier]] in an [[Evian]] [[casino]]. None of these had much merit.
[[Category:human tyrants]]
 
The most detailed and accurate documentation available was [[Hugh Trevor-Roper]]'s ''[[The Last Days of Hitler]]'', a landmark report published by [[Macmillan]] in [[1947]]. Commissioned by the Allies to compile the report, the report was limited by the shortage of contemporary evidence; most of the information about the events in Berlin had fallen into the hands of the Russians when they took the city.
 
It was not until [[1950]] that the Russians stated they knew Hitler was dead. The length of time only served to highlight their immense doubt. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow in the Glass (novel)|The Shadow in the Glass]]'')
 
Hitler would later be temporarily resurrected in a [[holo-cube]] by the [[Plume Coteries]] as part of their programme of using a [[Time-Ladle]] to interview historical witnesses to gauge the accuracy of various written records. After they were done "asking him about [[South America]]", his cube was smashed as per normal procedure, which the [[Bookkeeper]] who did the smashing found "quite cathartic". ([[PROSE]]: {{cite source|The Cactus and the Corpse (short story)}})
 
==== City of the Saved ====
Hitler was [[Resurrection|resurrected]] with the rest of humanity in the [[City of the Saved]]. He was imprisoned in [[the Gaol]] which had been constructed by his victims, a great number of them Jewish, eagerly awaiting his arrival in the City, and was given six million consecutive life sentences. His punishment became a heated subject of debate. Civil liberties groups and his supporters argued his sentence had been a form of vigilante justice and harmed his prospects of [[rehabilitation]]; other groups tried to find ways to harm him within the City protocols.
 
[[Marcus Americanius Scriptor]] tried to meet with him, and questioned whether his release from the Gaol would be better, allowing him to wander the world drowned out in anonymity. Scriptor's request at a meeting was denied so he agreed to return when Hitler's sentence had been served. He had already met [[Germania|many other versions of Hitler]] many times during his travels through the [[Known Worlds]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Prologue to Warlords of Utopia (short story)|Prologue to Warlords of Utopia]]'')
 
=== Legacy ===
After World War II, the name "Adolf" virtually disappeared not only in Germany but all over Earth due to its association with Hitler. This came to be known as "the Adolf Effect". ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[The Lights of Skaro (audio story)|The Lights of Skaro]]'')
 
Hitler gave his name to the Second World War; one of the names it became known by was the "Hitler war". ([[TV]]: ''[[The Time Monster (TV story)|The Time Monster]]'')
 
After Eva Braun's escape from Berlin, she gave birth to [[Adolf Hitler, Jr.]] who was raised under the guidance of the likes of Bormann to revere his father. When the time came, Hitler Jr. was to lead various neo-Nazi cells to establish the [[Fourth Reich]]. In [[2001]], at the same age his father was at the time of his death, Hitler Jr. encountered the Sixth Doctor and forced him to take him back in time to meet his father. This led to the incident in the Berlin Bunker on 30 April 1945, where both Hitler and Hitler Jr. met their demise. The latter passed into history as a body double of Hitler who was found dead in the water tower. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow in the Glass (novel)|The Shadow in the Glass]]'')
 
In the mid-[[2000]]s, [[cat]]s that bore resemblances to Hitler were named "[[Kitler]]s", and there was a [[Catsthatlooklikehitler.com|website]] for pictures of said cats. [[Louise (The Story of Fester Cat)|Louise]] told [[Paul Magrs (in-universe)|her brother]] that [[Fester Cat|his cat]] looked like a Kitler, and he frowned at Louise when she asked for a picture of the cat, and [[Mam (Fanboys)|their Mam]] told Louise off. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Story of Fester Cat (novel)|The Story of Fester Cat]]'')
 
== References ==
The [[First Doctor]] warned [[Steven Taylor]] that even saving the [[life]] of a [[child]] in the [[1240]] [[siege of Kiev]] could change [[history]] into a [[possible future|future]] where Hitler did not lose the Second World War. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Bunker Soldiers (novel)|Bunker Soldiers]]'')
 
When {{Delgado}} claimed that he wanted to rule people "for their own good," the [[Third Doctor]] wondered if he had heard Adolf Hitler or [[Genghis Khan]] say the same thing. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Dæmons (TV story)|The Dæmons]]'')
 
[[File:SeventhDoctorMillingtonOffice.jpg|thumb|The [[Seventh Doctor]] stands in front of a portrait of Hitler inside a replica of a [[German]] office. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Curse of Fenric (TV story)|The Curse of Fenric]]'')|right]]
[[A. H. Millington]] maintained a copy of the [[German]] naval cypher room in the naval base at [[Maiden's Bay]], including a portrait of Hitler and other [[Nazi]] paraphernalia. The [[Seventh Doctor]] considered Hitler to be "a dreadful man." ([[TV]]: ''[[The Curse of Fenric (TV story)|The Curse of Fenric]]'')
 
[[Winston Churchill]] once mentioned that that "If Hitler invaded [[Hell]], [he] would give a favourable reference to [[the Devil]]." After the attack on the [[Dalek]] ship put [[London]] back under cover of blackout, an officer shook his fist towards the oncoming bombers and said, "Do your worst, Adolf!" ([[TV]]: ''[[Victory of the Daleks (TV story)|Victory of the Daleks]]'')
 
Hitler's appointment as German Chancellor was noted as a key event by [[the Matrix]] while attempting to keep a clear record of the [[Web of Time]] during an outbreak of [[anti-time]]. ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[Neverland (audio story)|Neverland]]'')
 
After the Germans took [[Paris]], Hitler wanted his photo taken at the top of the [[Eiffel Tower]]. This was impossible, however, as the tower's keepers had scuppered the lifts, and so he settled for a press conference in the monument's shadow instead. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[History 101 (novel)|History 101]]'')
 
In high school, [[Mels]] stated to her teacher that the reason Hitler came to power was because [[the Doctor]] did not stop him. This got her sent to the head teacher's office. ([[TV]]: ''[[Let's Kill Hitler (TV story)|Let's Kill Hitler]]'')
 
The physical resemblance between Hitler and [[Charlie Chaplin]] was once remarked upon by [[Fey Truscott-Sade]] who once told Nazi [[Colonel]] [[Kessler (Me and My Shadow)|Kessler]] that she thought that it was "mad" that "millions of people [were] following a disgusting little man with a Charlie Chaplin moustache." ([[COMIC]]: ''[[Me and My Shadow (comic story)|Me and My Shadow]]'')
 
[[Barbara Wright]] once asked the [[First Doctor]] what would happen if a [[time travel]]ler [[Assassination|assassinated]] Hitler in [[1930]]. The Doctor answered that this would be impossible, because of the fact that Hitler was ''not'' assassinated. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Crusaders (novelisation)|Doctor Who and the Crusaders]]'') The [[Twelfth Doctor]] told [[Clara Oswald]] that he wouldn't kill Hitler as it would mean changing the course of human history. ([[TV]]: ''[[Kill the Moon (TV story)|Kill the Moon]]'')
 
== Behind the scenes ==
=== Information from invalid sources ===
[[File:Doctor Whoah! 438.jpeg|thumb|Adolf Hitler [[run]]s from [[Rory Williams]] in ''[[Let's Kill Hitler (in-universe)|Let's Kiss Hitler]]''. ([[COMIC]]: ''[[Doctor Whoah! (DWM 438 comic story)|Doctor Whoah! 438]]'')]]
A script typo once briefly led to the ''[[Doctor Who (in-universe)|Doctor Who]]'' [[episode]] ''[[Let's Kill Hitler (in-universe)|Let's Kill Hitler]]'' turning into a knockabout [[comedy]] called ''Let's Kiss Hitler'', in which a terrified Hitler was chased by [[Amy Pond]] and [[Rory Williams]], who were both trying to [[kiss]] him. ([[COMIC]]: ''[[Doctor Whoah! (DWM 438 comic story)|Doctor Whoah! 438]]'')
 
=== Other matters ===
* In the novel ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)|Timewyrm: Exodus]]'', the [[Seventh Doctor]] stated that he had never met Hitler before, even though he had done so in his [[Sixth Doctor|sixth incarnation]] in the novel ''[[The Shadow in the Glass (novel)|The Shadow in the Glass]]''.<ref>Despite this contradiction, the continuity of the two novels - which were released in different ranges - is otherwise bound together by ''[[Players (novel)|Players]]'', in which Hitler also appears. ''Players'' contains a direct reference to the events of ''[[Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)|Timewyrm: Exodus]]'' (both share [[Terrance Dicks|the same author]]), and its own events were later directly referenced by ''[[The Shadow in the Glass (novel)|The Shadow in the Glass]]'' (both were released in [[BBC Past Doctor Adventures|the same range]]).</ref>
* While he otherwise liked the novel, [[Lance Parkin]] criticised the portrayal of Hitler in ''Timewyrm: Exodus'', suggesting the implication that the external influence of the [[Timewyrm]] significantly aided his rise cheapened the lessons to be learned from the Nazis. In his later novel ''[[Just War (novel)|Just War]]'', also part of the [[Virgin New Adventures]], Parkin created the character of [[Oskar Steinmann]] as a counterpoint to Hitler in ''Exodus''. He portrayed Steinmann as "a talented, intelligent, cultured man who chooses to be a Nazi. That is much scarier than the thought he's been [[Hypnosis|hypnotised]] by [[alien]]s." The novel deliberately avoided making any direct references to Hitler,<ref>[http://doctorwho.org.nz/archive/tsv48/lanceparkin.html NZDWFC Lance Parkin Interview]</ref> save for a declaration of loyalty mentioning "the Führer", which could arguably refer to the holder of the title rather than the individual. Parkin later featured multiple alternate version of Hitler in his [[Faction Paradox (series)|Faction Paradox]] novel ''[[Warlords of Utopia (novel)|Warlords of Utopia]]''.
* ''The Shadow in the Glass'' features jaw bone fragments that, in the real world, were long believed to have belonged to Hitler, with the story explicitly revealing that they do. Some years after the novel's release, it was discovered that the fragments were not Hitler's at all, instead belonging to an undefined woman. Authors [[Justin Richards]] and [[Stephen Cole]] acknowledged in the [[2015 (releases)|2015 re-release]] for ''[[The History Collection]]''.
* Following a screening of ''[[Voyage of the Damned (TV story)|Voyage of the Damned]]'' in 2007, [[Russell T Davies]] was asked what historical figure would make the best Doctor and jokingly replied, "Hitler. He was stern and strong. He would be great." This sparked some criticism.<ref>[https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/latest-news/hitler-would-be-top-timelord-17955781 Daily Star: Hitler would be top Timelord]</ref> In contrast, [[Albert Welling]] called Hitler "the biggest ''Doctor Who'' [[monster]] ever."{{source}}
* The only actor to play Hitler in ''Doctor Who'' was [[Albert Welling]] in ''[[Let's Kill Hitler (TV story)|Let's Kill Hitler]]''.
* [[Steven Moffat]] addressed the use of Hitler for largely comedic purposes in ''Let's Kill Hitler'' by drawing comparisons with the scene in ''The Last Crusade'' in which [[Indiana Jones]] accidentally receives Hitler's autograph.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2011/08/doctor-whos-day-roundup-steven-moffat-says-taking-the-mickey-out-of-hitler-was-the-plan/|title=Doctor Who's Day Roundup: Steven Moffat Says 'Taking the Mickey' Out of Hitler Was the Plan|date of source=17th August, 2011|website name=Anglophenia|accessdate=26th June, 2020}}</ref>
* The novel {{cs|A History of Humankind (novel)}} depicts Hitler in two illustrations. The first of these illustrations is based on a real world photograph of Hitler in 1932,<ref>[https://www.alamy.com/archive-1932-adolf-hitler-nsdap-in-sa-uniform-wearing-a-swastika-armband-at-a-political-rally-to-decide-the-reich-presidential-elections-hitler-subsequently-became-chancellor-of-germany-the-rise-to-power-1930s-nazi-germany-image503758227.html Alamy - ARCHIVE 1932 Adolf Hitler NSDAP in SA uniform wearing a swastika armband at a political rally to decide the Reich presidential elections]</ref> while the other is based on a promotional photograph of Albert Welling for ''Let's Kill Hitler''.
* Real world archive footage of Hitler was used in the webcast ''Looking back at Winston Churchill'', part of the BBC ''Doctor Who'' website game {{cs|Amy's History Hunt (video game)}}.
 
=== Depictions in other media ===
* [[Patrick Troughton]] played Hitler in a 1950 stage production of ''Eva Braun''. This role was cited in advance publicity when Troughton was first cast as the Doctor.<ref>[https://cuttingsarchive.org/index.php/Tougher_Dr._Who_is_chosen Daily Telegraph: "Tougher" Doctor Who is chosen]</ref> Long-time ''[[Doctor Who]]'' actor [[Michael Sheard]] also played Hitler several times, including in ''[[The Tomorrow People]]'' and ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]'', but never in ''Doctor Who'' itself. [[Marius Goring]] played Hitler in a BBC radio series about the history of the Nazi Party, ''The Shadow of the Swastika''.<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-marius-goring-1175606.html</ref><ref>https://powell-pressburger.org/Obits/Marius/Telegraph.html</ref> Other portrayals of Hitler outside of the franchise include those by [[Frank Finlay]] in {{wi|The Death of Adolf Hitler}}, [[Derek Jacobi]] in {{wi|Inside the Third Reich (film)|Inside the Third Reich}}, [[David Bamber]] in {{wi|Valkyrie (film)|Valkyrie}}, [[Ian McKellen]] in {{wi|Countdown to War}}, [[Alan Cumming]] in {{wi|Jackboots on Whitehall}}, and [[John Cleese]] in a [[Monty Python]] sketch. [[Thomas Sangster]] portrayed a young Hitler in {{wi|Hitler: The Rise of Evil}}. He was also played by [[Neil McCaul]] in the quickly cancelled sitcom {{wi|Heil Honey, I'm Home!}}.
 
== Footnotes ==
{{reflist|1}}
{{NameSort}}
 
[[Category:19th century individuals]]
[[Category:20th century individuals]]
[[Category:20th century individuals]]
[[Category:Seventh Doctor enemies]]
[[Category:Catholics]]
[[Category:People from the real world]]
[[Category:City of the Saved residents]]
[[Category:human criminals]]
[[Category:Human biological fathers]]
[[Category:Human government officials]]
[[Category:Human hosts]]
[[Category:Human leaders]]
[[Category:Human prisoners]]
[[Category:Human revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Humans with psychic powers]]
[[Category:Human soldiers]]
[[Category:Individual Nazis]]
[[Category:Individuals who have committed genocide]]
[[Category:Murderers from the real world]]
[[Category:Criminals from the real world]]
[[Category:Nazi leaders]]
[[Category:People from the real world encountered by the Sixth Doctor]]
[[Category:People from the real world encountered by the Seventh Doctor]]
[[Category:People from the real world encountered by the Eleventh Doctor]]
[[Category:Politicians from the real world]]
[[Category:Residents of Germany]]
[[Category:World War I veterans]]
[[Category:World War I veterans]]
[[Category:World War II]]
[[Category:Starless World individuals]]
[[Category:Real world people who appeared in archive footage]]

Latest revision as of 03:50, 14 November 2024

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi Party. As leader of the Nazi regime, he was the Führer of Germany between 1933 and 1945, and a chief instigator of World War II. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus [+]Loading...["Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)"])

Biography[[edit] | [edit source]]

Rise[[edit] | [edit source]]

Youth[[edit] | [edit source]]

Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April 1889. (PROSE: The Shadow in the Glass, Warlords of Utopia)

In 1903, after receiving a wealth of information from the future, Grigori Rasputin foresaw, among other things, Hitler's rise to power. (AUDIO: The Wanderer)

Hitler tried his hand as a student of art but never forged a successful career in the field.

When the First World War broke out, Hitler served as a soldier in the German Army. Germany's defeat in 1918 was a source of bitter humiliation to many Germans and Hitler was no exception. He became bitter, neurotic, resentful and hateful, blaming the loss of the war on Jews, communists and the rich. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus)

Entering politics[[edit] | [edit source]]

Hitler became a member of the National Socialist German Workers Party after its foundation in 1919 and became its leader in 1921. He discovered a talent as an orator and his speeches helped raise the party to prominence, while other similar fringe groups during the period quickly faded away. During this time, the Timewyrm, seeking revenge on the Seventh Doctor by destroying the planet he loved, chose Hitler as a vessel and figurehead to help advance her plan to manipulate human history. However, she did not expect his mind to be so powerful and became trapped inside. Hitler, unaware of the attempted possession, began subconsciously accessing the Timewyrm's vast psychic powers and using them to become an even more compelling speaker.

Also during this time, the War Lords discovered Hitler's psychic abilities and decided to use him in their second attempt to conquer the universe. However, for much of the 1920s and 1930s, they could only observe Hitler, nudging his career along from the sidelines at most.

On 9 November 1923, Hitler led the unsuccessful Beer Hall Putsch against the German War Office in Munich. Trampled by the fleeing party members after the police scattered the protesters, he thought the display a shameful one and contemplated suicide after believing his chance at leadership had been squandered. However, the Seventh Doctor reset Hitler's dislocated shoulder and gave him words of advice and encouragement, claiming his time as leader would come in later years. The Doctor's shocked companion, Ace, tried to assassinate Hitler with a canister of nitro-9a but the Doctor ruined her aim. He warned her that Hitler's survival was necessary to ensure history ran its proper course.

Hitler was later arrested and imprisoned for his part in the coup. Originally sentenced to prison for five years, he was ultimately released after only six months, during which time he wrote Mein Kampf. After his release, he returned to public life as a hero to many. From then, he was able to focus his efforts on reorganising the scattered remnants of the Nazi Party. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus)

By January 1933, Hitler and the resurgent Nazis were seen by many in Germany to be playing their part in the nation's recovery. Hitler's private army, the Sturmabteilung (SA), effectively replaced the corrupt police force and helped clamp down on crime, as well as many of the Nazis' opponents in the process. Hitler and the Nazi party played on the German people's discontent with the punishment Germany faced from the Treaty of Versailles, especially the war reparations they were made to pay to the Allies. This led to the party winning the 1932 elections. However, they did not win a majority in the Reichstag. (AUDIO: The Alchemists)

Hitler finally became Chancellor of Germany on 30 January 1933 (AUDIO: Neverland) after winning 33% of the vote. (PROSE: Players)

The Führer of the Third Reich[[edit] | [edit source]]

Statecraft[[edit] | [edit source]]

Hitler and his followers subscribed to the ideology of fascism, which called for governance by a ruthless military dictatorship committed to the suppression of weakness and the importance of the fatherland. (PROSE: Warlords of Utopia) Accordingly, Hitler and his ministers purged the German state of all dissenting voices and establishing the dictatorship of the Third Reich. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus, Just War, Players, AUDIO: Just War) His rise coincided with that of other fascist leaders: Benito Mussolini in Italy and Francisco Franco in Spain. (AUDIO: Fiesta of the Damned)

His ascension to power received little reaction from the United Kingdom, where the Prime Minister, Ramsay MacDonald, continued to prioritise his domestic program. For this, the Seventh Doctor branded MacDonald "an idiot", while individuals like Winston Churchill tried to warn others of the danger posed by Hitler. However, most of the British people ignored such warnings. (PROSE: Log 384)

Though sitting atop the Reich as Führer, Hitler himself had little interest in administration and hard work, preferring ceremonial roles of little real importance despite his public image as a "superman". He enjoyed sleeping late, long lunches, inspecting factories and new autobahns, and haranguing his subordinates. He left the running of the state apparatus to said subordinates, including Heinrich Himmler, Martin Bormann, Joseph Goebbels, Hermann Goering and others. (PROSE: Players)

A photograph of a Silent stood behind Hitler at a Nazi rally was included in the book The Secret Lives of Monsters. (PROSE: The Secret Lives of Monsters)

In the summer of 1934, Hitler began to fear that Ernst Rohm and the SA were plotting a coup against him. On 29 and 30 June, Hitler ordered a preemptive strike against his own private army which was effectively eradicated by the Schutzstaffel (SS). (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus, Wolfsbane) The SS essentially replaced the SA as Hitler's elite body guard. (PROSE: Just War, Warlords of Utopia)

Germany's rearmament[[edit] | [edit source]]

By 1936, Germany had reoccupied the Rhineland and began rearming in direct contravention of the Treaty of Versailles. The British government took no action and instead adopted the policy of appeasement, hoping to avoid another war. The policy counter-productively suited Hitler very well, granting him time to build up the strength of the Wehrmacht, the Luftwaffe and the Kriegsmarine (PROSE: Just War, Players) as well as emboldening him further by showing that the Allied powers were willing to back down from a confrontation. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus)

In light of these developments, Hitler was irritated by the presence of the likes of Winston Churchill, whom he referred to contemptuously as "that gangster". Churchill and his allies opposed appeasement and although remained unpopular and marginalised at home, Hitler worried that they could harm Germany's standing in British public opinion. At the time, Hitler was planning to build a vast empire in the east, modelled on the British Empire, and wanted to avoid a fight with a fellow nation of superior "Aryans". Joachim von Ribbentrop, the German Ambassador to Britain, began working to secure an alliance. (PROSE: Players)

In the midst of Britain's abdication crisis during November and December 1936, (PROSE: Wolfsbane) Ribbentrop was approached by the Count and Countess of the Players and began organising a coup in Britain to install a pro-Nazi government. Churchill, the Sixth Doctor and Peri Brown foiled the plot, leaving Ribbentrop to face Hitler's fury when he returned to Berlin. Ribbentrop tried to salvage the situation by producing a list of British Nazi sympathies, but it had been replaced with a laundry list. This oversight made Hitler even angrier and he flew into a ferocious rage, chasing Ribbentrop from the office. (PROSE: Players)

Hitler, Goering, and Varney. (COMIC: Tooth and Claw [+]Loading...["Tooth and Claw (comic story)"])

These fits were caused by the trapped Timewyrm amplifying Hitler's emotions, especially in stressful or unfavourable situations. The rooms in which they took place were frequently wrecked by the unstable use of psychic powers, which would leave Hitler unconscious. They never occurred in the presence of someone like Martin Bormann, who had a calming effect on Hitler. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus) Unaware of the cause, Bormann noted the alarming frequency of the Führer's destructive fits. Following the latest outburst in front of Ribbentrop, he decided to enlist the aid of a psychic advisor named Dr Felix Kriegslieter. (PROSE: Players)

Kriegslieter was an alias of the War Chief, who offered what aid to Hitler he could. The arrangement brought the War Lords the proximity to Hitler they had sought for over a decade. They set themselves up as the Black Coven and used psionic technology to boost Hitler's abilities even more. Their ultimate aim was to help Hitler conquer Earth, and then, using the War Lords' advanced technology, lead the Nazis in the conquest of the universe. For the time being, their aims coincided with the expansionist goals of the Nazis, (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus) as exemplified by the 1937 Hossbach Niederschrift. (PROSE: Warlords of Utopia)

Empire building[[edit] | [edit source]]

Hitler speaks at a Nuremberg rally, alongside a Silent. (PROSE: The Secret Lives of Monsters [+]Loading...["The Secret Lives of Monsters (novel)"])

In 1938, Hitler acquired a validium bow, one of the components of Nemesis. (TV: Silver Nemesis) In the same year he was almost killed prematurely by the Teselecta, only to be accidentally saved by the Eleventh Doctor when he lost control of his TARDIS and crashed through the window of Hitler's Reichschancellery office. After thanking the Doctor for saving him, Hitler asked what the TARDIS was. The Doctor responded by saying it was a London police box, issuing Hitler with a chilling warning about his future defeat. After shooting at the Teselecta, Hitler was punched by Rory Williams and locked in a cupboard. A stray bullet from Hitler's gunfire struck Mels and lethally wounded her, forcing her to regenerate into her new appearance and identity as River Song. Hitler stayed locked in the cupboard as the time travellers pursued River through the streets of Berlin. (TV: Let's Kill Hitler)

Later in 1938, Hitler ordered the annexation of Austria. (TV: Silver Nemesis) On the day it fell under German control, Hitler drove straight to Vienna to obtain the Spear of Destiny from a museum. He took the spear back to a museum in Berlin and from then on believed Germany was invincible. According to the Third Doctor, it would have been, had Hitler been aware that the Spear was a Physical Temporal Nexus which required the user to personally wield it; as a simple museum exhibit, it was useless, and in any event, the Doctor subsequently replaced the genuine PTN with a fake. (PROSE: The Spear of Destiny) Beneath the Rhineland, the Nazis also discovered a piece of chronosteel, which Hitler believed to be Thor's Hammer. (TV: Lost in Time)

Following Austria, Germany annexed Czechoslovakia. This finally provoked a response from the British government but in the face of Hitler, the Allies resolve remained weak. George Limb, who was present at the conference intended to resolve the crisis, felt that Neville Chamberlain allowed Hitler to walk all over him. (PROSE: Illegal Alien) During the crisis, Hitler succumbed to the Timewyrm's powers again and launched into another fit. The only witness, an old German general, died of a heart attack. Hitler was found unconscious by Bormann once again. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus)

Hitler intended his empire in the east to consist of Poland, Russia, Persia and parts of Asia and the Far East. Russia was especially important given Hitler's hatred of communism and the Soviet Union. Yet before such a confrontation could take place, Hitler's attention turned to Poland, (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus) seen by the Nazis as a contemptible produce of the Versailles settlement. (PROSE: Just War, AUDIO: Just War) The Nazis approached the Soviets and agreed to split Poland between them (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus) in a non-aggression pact. (AUDIO: An Eye For Murder)

At the end of August 1939, Hitler was reunited with the Seventh Doctor and Ace after addressing a party rally at Nuremberg. Hitler hugged the Doctor, recognising him as the man who helped him after the 1923 Putsch and knowing that his words of encouragement had come to pass. Upon returning to Berlin, Hitler took the Doctor on as an advisor and asked him what would happen in the future. The Doctor warned Hitler that to attack Poland would mean war with Britain. Having been led up to this point to believe that Britain had no stomach for a fight, Hitler flew into to another Timewyrm rage, wrecked his office and fell unconscious, after which Bormann arrived on the scene. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus)

Second World War[[edit] | [edit source]]

Outbreak[[edit] | [edit source]]

On Friday 1 September 1939, following a fierce propaganda campaign denouncing Poland as a warmongering nation, Hitler addressed the Reichstag. He delivered a speech accusing Poland of attacking German soil to justify the German invasion.

I am wrongly judged if my love of peace and my patience are mistaken for weakness or even cowardice. I have therefore resolved to speak to Poland in the language Poland uses to us. Last night, for the first time, Polish soldiers fired on our territory. We have been returning the fire. From now on, bombs will be met with bombs!Adolf Hitler [Timewyrm: Exodus (novel) [src]]

Declaring that he was now but a simple soldier of Germany, vowed to wear his brown soldier's coat until the end of the war.

On the morning of Sunday 3 September, Hitler was quickly satisfied with the German progress in Poland and summoned the Doctor to his office in the Chancellery building, confident Britain's guarantee of aid to Poland would come to nothing despite the Doctor's earlier prediction. However Ribbentrop and an interpreter named Schmidt reached Hitler's office at precisely 9 o'clock with a communication from the British Ambassador stating Germany was to withdraw from Poland or face war. Hitler realised that Britain was serious and he had been given two hours to comply with their terms. He sat silently for ages and then asked Ribbentrop, "What now?" Ribbentrop responded, "I assume the French will hand in a similar ultimatum within the hour." Further enraged, Hitler shouted Ribbentrop and Schmidt from the room and in his fury, the Timewyrm began to reassert control again once more. The Doctor intervened and implored Hitler to resist. The Führer calmed down just as Bormann, Goering and Ribbentrop reappeared with news of setbacks on the Polish front that required Hitler's attention. The calming effect of Bormann instilled more confidence in Hitler. He crumpled the ultimatum up and ordered Bormann to contact the British Ambassador. The terms of the ultimatum would not and could not be fulfilled.

With his intervention, the Doctor inadvertently taught Hitler how to control the Timewyrm's power. While taking personal command of the Polish campaign, Hitler made several sound strategic decisions which helped to overcome the setbacks and restart the push towards Warsaw.

In his capacity as Hitler's adviser, the Doctor exposed the schemes of the Kriegslieter and the Black Coven. To accelerate Hitler's victory, the Coven sought to iron out known mistakes in his strategy, mainly the incomplete victory at Dunkirk and the premature invasion of the Soviet Union. They also began developing nuclear weapons for use against Russia, America and China. In addition, the Coven feared Hitler's mental state posed a risk to their success and considered replacing him as Führer with someone more stable like Himmler. Himmler himself separately considered something like this as well, although out of loyalty, he felt Hitler could remain as a figurehead as Germany's emperor. However, with Hitler now in control of the Timewyrm, this proved a moot point.

They were all killed in a conflict with Goering's soldiers at Himmler's castle of Drachensberg. Hitler arrived at the castle to investigate the occurrences, where the Doctor commended the actions of Himmler and Goering for defeating a plot by Kriegslieter against him. Pleased with the news, Hitler informed the Doctor of his newfound powers and then returned Himmler and Goering to Berlin to prepare for a showdown with the Western Allies. The Doctor despaired at the realisation that he had just helped Hitler become powerful enough to win the war. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus)

Facing the Allies[[edit] | [edit source]]

After the fall of Poland, the Nazis offered to reopen negotiations with Britain and France in October, which was rejected. (PROSE: Just War, AUDIO: Just War) Committed to a war in the west, Germany launched the Blitzkrieg in May 1940. Under the onslaught, France, Belgium and the Netherlands all fell within the month while the British Army was surrounded by the Wehrmacht at Dunkirk.

Hitler had taken personal command of the campaign, which he oversaw at his command bunker at Felsennest near Aachen. As he examined the battlefield one night, the Seventh Doctor arrived and goaded the Timewyrm with taunts of her inferiority and subservience to Hitler. The Timewyrm found the strength of will to escape his mind and the Doctor fired her away through time. Losing his augmented abilities, Hitler's confidence was sapped and he desperately appealed to the Doctor for advice while he sat on the cusp of victory. The Doctor advised him to let the British go and to postpone an invasion of England, so they would eventually seek peace with Germany and aid in a war against the Soviet Union. Convinced of the longer-term strategy, Hitler rang a field-telephone with a message for General Heinz Guderian: "There is to be no further advance on Dunkirk." On Hitler's order, for reasons his generals never understood, the Germans' encircling advance was halted in one fatal last-minute delay. The bulk of Britain's military forces were successfully evacuated back home. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus)

Despite victory on the continent, leaving him as "master of Europe", (AUDIO: The Ultimate Adventure) Winston Churchill, now as Britain's Prime Minister, vowed never to surrender. (WC: Amy's History Hunt, PROSE: Warlords of Utopia) With the supremacy of the Royal Navy in the English Channel, an invasion by Germany proved unfeasible, moving the war to the skies in the Battle of Britain. (AUDIO: Their Finest Hour) The Royal Air Force repelled the Luftwaffe before they could achieved air superiority, (PROSE: /Carpenter/Butterfly/Baronet/) much to Hitler's disappointment. By now, it seemed to be dawning on him that Britain would not come to terms and he never forgave the Luftwaffe. Hitler decided to change tactics in September. (PROSE: The Shadow in the Glass)

Rather than fight the RAF directly, Hitler ordered the Luftwaffe to begin an aerial bombardment campaign against British cities, mostly London, which became known as the Blitz. German propaganda claimed the attacks were only directed against military and industrial targets. (PROSE: Just War, AUDIO: Just War) However, civilians suffered under the bombardment. (PROSE: Tell Me You Love Me, TV: The Empty Child/The Doctor Dances) Hitler hoped this would deplete civilian morale and lead to the British surrendering. (PROSE: Illegal Alien) For a while, Britain's Prime Minister Winston Churchill bemoaned Hitler's "Nazi menace" proved exhausting on morale. (TV: Victory of the Daleks) However, this surrender did not come to pass. The Blitz was effectively over by July 1941, Hitler and his forces having failed to defeat the British in both conventional military and psychological warfare. (PROSE: Illegal Alien)

An illustration of Hitler on a poster. (TV: The Empty Child)

By 20 January 1941, posters reading "HITLER WILL SEND NO WARNING!" and depicting Hitler were present in a London nightclub. (TV: The Empty Child)

War against the Soviet Union[[edit] | [edit source]]

By 1941, the British were still resisting, and had expanded their war effort into the Mediterranean, (PROSE: The Christmas Presence) Greece (PROSE: Just War) and North Africa. (COMIC: The Instruments of War) The Reich's focus instead moved to Hitler's main goal: the invasion of the Soviet Union. The Germans made a titanic advance deep into Russia but by December, the winter had halted them outside Moscow, where the Red Army counter-attacked. At the same time, the United States joined the war, mobilising vast resources against Germany. (PROSE: Just War)

For all the setbacks, the Third Reich reached its peak in August 1942. In Berlin, Hitler attended a ball with his secret lover, Eva Braun. There, Hitler met the Sixth Doctor and Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart, who, to his intense embarrassment, accidentally offered Hitler a sausage roll. Introduced themselves as Major Johann Schmidt of the Berlin Fifth Medical Corps and Brigadier General Braun from the Eastern Front, the pair won Hitler's confidence and were invited to take blood samples from Hitler and Eva in order to test their compatibility, as they were secretly planning to get married and have a child.

During the examination, Hitler raised the topic of the Eastern Front. His armies were by then advancing to the city of Stalingrad for a huge confrontation with the Soviets. The Doctor told Hitler that the victor of Stalingrad would "win the war". Indeed, Stalingrad proved a great Soviet victory which ended the ascension of the Third Reich, with huge consequences for Hitler's ultimate downfall. (PROSE: The Shadow in the Glass)

Downfall[[edit] | [edit source]]

Desperation[[edit] | [edit source]]

By 1944, the war had turned against Germany and military scientists scrambled to construct new and miraculous Wunderwaffen. In March, the Germans intercepted radio transmissions from space which Hitler believed were plans sent by aliens to help him win the war. The plans helped the Germans construct Die Glocke but after unsuccessful testing, the device was shelved. (PROSE: The Crawling Terror) The V1 flying bombs and V2 rockets also launched against against Britain that year but had little more than a psychological effect. (PROSE: Just War, Illegal Alien, The Turing Test, et al.)

In Germany, members of the armed forces came to oppose Hitler, seeing his ongoing struggle as insanity. The Valkyrie plot tried to remove him from power but failed. After Erwin Rommel was implicated in the plot, he was offered a choice between suicide or the death of his family and chose the former. (COMIC: The Instruments of War)

In August 1944, while planning a raid on Turelhampton to acquire alien technology, Hitler insisted that Major Schmidt be included as part of the team (from the Doctor's perspective, this took place before his meeting with Hitler in 1942).

In the same month, Martin Bormann began planning Operation Eagle Flight, an initiative to stockpile massive amounts of economic resources to aid in the continued struggle for Nazism even if the war was lost. As part of Eagle Flight, it was crucial for Eva Braun to survive the war after she became pregnant with Hitler's child. (PROSE: The Shadow in the Glass)

Among more of Hitler's outlandish plots were a replica of London and human experimentation to produce super soldiers. (AUDIO: The Shadow of London) By 11 April 1945, all these "miracle schemes" had failed. Doktor Vilhelm Schädengeist thought the Wunderwaffen projects an absurdity which only drained valuable resources and Reichmarks which could have been put to something more useful. (PROSE: Schädengeist's First Love) April laid bare the hopelessness of Hitler's situation. While the British and Americans invaded Germany, (PROSE: Made of Steel, Cabinets of Curiosities, Timewyrm: Exodus) the Soviets marched against the German capital city itself.

The Soviet invasion of Berlin led Hitler and many other high-ranking Nazi ministers to retreat to the Führerbunker beneath the Reichschancellery. Accompanying Hitler was his beloved Alsatian, Blondi, and, on 15 April, Eva Braun.

20 April marked Hitler's 56th birthday but he appeared almost 20 years older than that. His left arm shook uncontrollably due to him having developed Parkinson's disease and among his several forms of medication were strychnine and cocaine. Goebbels ordered that the Führer only be filmed and photographed from certain angles to hide his frailty as this was no longer the Führer at the height of Nazi power. Some of his generals and ministers urged him to flee Berlin to Southern Germany but he refused. Hitler ventured outside the Bunker for the last known time and addressed the Hitler Youth Brigade, preparing them for the continuation of military operations in spite of the hopeless situation. Himmler secretly left the Bunker in an attempt to make peace with the allies, without Hitler's knowledge or authorisation.

Death[[edit] | [edit source]]

A few days later, the Soviets reached the outskirts of the city, causing Hitler to declare, "All is lost." While showing signs of emotional and physical breakdown, he, along with Eva, stated their intention to commit suicide. Hitler tested cyanide pills on Blondi. On 25 April, the Soviets entered Berlin's inner city ring and began hunting for Hitler. Rumours circulated that whoever found him would be proclaimed a Hero of the Soviet Union. Hitler's once loyal ministers, including Albert Speer and Hermann Goering, continued to abandon him until only Bormann and Goebbels were left by his side.

On 29 April, Hitler married Eva Braun. Eva signed her name on the marriage certificate as "Eva Hitler". Afterwards, Hitler dictated his Will and Political Testament to a secretary. The will denounced the Wehrmacht and Luftwaffe for their failure, he named the highest-ranking Kriegsmarine commander, Admiral Karl Donitz, as his successor. In character to the last, Hitler blamed the start of the war on a Jewish conspiracy.

On 30 April, after lunch, Hitler bid his final farewells and was then escorted towards his room by Bormann. On the way, he met the Sixth Doctor and Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart one last time, recognising them as Major Johann Schmidt and Brigadier General Braun, who he assumed had come to pay their last respects to their Führer. Yet with them was Adolf Hitler, Jr., Hitler's son who had come back in time to meet his father. Hitler merely assumed the lookalike was an overenthusiastic follower but he quickly lost patience with the stranger when he insisted on his familial ties. The Doctor also swayed Hitler's perception of Hitler Jr. Given their prior "friendship", Hitler was more willing to believe the Doctor over this stranger with his face and name, and dismissed the latter as a madman.

Finally, after Hitler Jr brought news of the Scrying Glass and suggested they consult Himmler for advice, Hitler's tolerance for the stranger evaporated. Having learned of Himmler's betrayal, Hitler decried the former Reichsfuhrer for his wasted obsession with the occult. Hitler took his gun and shot Hitler Jr through the head and told Bormann to dump the body in the water tower.

Hitler returned to his room where Magda Goebbels and Arthur Axmann tried to have final words with him, but they were sent away by Heinz Linge and Otto Gunsche. Finally, Hitler bit down on a cyanide pill while simultaneously shooting himself through the jaw. The Doctor pronounced him and Eva dead, knowing the latter was in fact alive. Bormann had Hitler's corpse placed and burned in a shell crater outside the Bunker. Alongside him was placed the body of the Doctor's ally, Claire Aldwych, who Bormann had murdered to fake the death of Eva Braun, who escaped Germany with the unborn Hitler Jr. (PROSE: The Shadow in the Glass)

Postmortem[[edit] | [edit source]]

Recovery of body[[edit] | [edit source]]

According to Russian reports held by the State Special Trophy Archive in the Operation Myth file, the Russians recovered the burned bodies of Hitler, Eva Braun, the Goebbels family, General Hans Krebs and two dogs from the Reichschancellery garden and autopsies were performed at Buch. Two autopsy reports were drawn up, with one of them made official. The second was written up after the crater in which the bodies were found was re-examined.

Skull fragments, teeth and a jaw bone which were believed to belong to Hitler and Eva were sent back to Moscow and retained in the archives. The body officially identified as Hitler's was 10 centimetres shorter than his known height but the burning of the body accounted for this. The first autopsy concluded Hitler also died from cyanide poisoning while the second discovered a bullet hole in the roof of the mouth. The Russians concluded Hitler had taken cyanide and shot himself at the same time but this was not made public. For propaganda purposes, Stalin promoted the idea that Hitler chose poison, "the death of a coward".

Without anything to compare the results to, DNA tests would have proved useless in confirming the identity of the bodies. Bodily fluids were also recovered and retained in the archives. Tests on those confirmed they came from the same bodies but not whose bodies they were. (PROSE: The Shadow in the Glass)

Interment[[edit] | [edit source]]

The bodies were reburied in Buch, then dug up and reburied an Finow. On 3 July 1945, the bodies were moved again to Ratenow and a pine forest was planted over the area. In February 1946, the bodies were moved yet again to the courtyard of 36 Westernstrasse in Magdeburg, the SMERSH regional headquarters.

In 1970, the building was returned to East Germany and SMERSH moved out. Head of the KGB, Yuri Andropov, ordered the bodies destroyed to prevent the accidental discovery of Hitler's secret grave. The human and dog bones were mixed up to make identification harder before they were completely incinerated on 5 April on waste grounds at Schonebeck in Operation Archive. A cover story claimed that Counter Intelligence had discovered secret Nazi documents in the courtyard to explain the digging. The ground where the bodies were buried was dug out and thrown into the river.

Archivist Irina Kobulov was confident that all the evidence in the Myth file confirmed that Hitler had not survived. The skull fragments and bodily fluids were all that survived of the bodies. (PROSE: The Shadow in the Glass)

Speculation and reported post-war sightings[[edit] | [edit source]]

During the Potsdam Conference, Stalin told US President Harry S. Truman that Hitler may have fled to Spain or Argentina. The Conference took place before the Russians had performed the autopsies, and the Soviets were unaware if they had truly found the body of Hitler.

The testimony of Hitler's personal pilot, Hans Baur, on 14 July 1945 revealed the existence of a double of Hitler who turned up in the Bunker, and that a body was substituted before the burning took place. However, the rest of the document was charred, rendering it unreadable. The Russians believed it to be a deception or even a forgery, and attempts by Baur to bargain for his life.

Also in July 1945, a letter to a Chicago newspaper alleged that Hitler was living in a hacienda nearly 500 miles away from Buenos Aires. The American Office of Censorship intercepted the letter, which also instructed the intended recipient how to enter the house and what torchlight codes to use to indicate friendly intent. J. Edgar Hoover, director of the FBI, wrote a handwritten note regarding the letter, which indicated that he took the information seriously.

A Russian newspaper claimed Hitler and Eva Braun were hiding in a castle in Westphalia, which was part of the British zone of occupied Germany. Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart dismissed this as Soviet propaganda intended to smear the British. He admitted that although it was possible for the British to have secretly spirited Hitler away, his position at UNIT meant he would have known about it if it was true.

Other documents suggested Hitler that had become a hermit in Italy or a shepherd in the Swiss Alps. Another placed him in Ireland. Another postulated that he had supplemented his income by working as a croupier in an Evian casino. None of these had much merit.

The most detailed and accurate documentation available was Hugh Trevor-Roper's The Last Days of Hitler, a landmark report published by Macmillan in 1947. Commissioned by the Allies to compile the report, the report was limited by the shortage of contemporary evidence; most of the information about the events in Berlin had fallen into the hands of the Russians when they took the city.

It was not until 1950 that the Russians stated they knew Hitler was dead. The length of time only served to highlight their immense doubt. (PROSE: The Shadow in the Glass)

Hitler would later be temporarily resurrected in a holo-cube by the Plume Coteries as part of their programme of using a Time-Ladle to interview historical witnesses to gauge the accuracy of various written records. After they were done "asking him about South America", his cube was smashed as per normal procedure, which the Bookkeeper who did the smashing found "quite cathartic". (PROSE: The Cactus and the Corpse [+]Loading...["The Cactus and the Corpse (short story)"])

City of the Saved[[edit] | [edit source]]

Hitler was resurrected with the rest of humanity in the City of the Saved. He was imprisoned in the Gaol which had been constructed by his victims, a great number of them Jewish, eagerly awaiting his arrival in the City, and was given six million consecutive life sentences. His punishment became a heated subject of debate. Civil liberties groups and his supporters argued his sentence had been a form of vigilante justice and harmed his prospects of rehabilitation; other groups tried to find ways to harm him within the City protocols.

Marcus Americanius Scriptor tried to meet with him, and questioned whether his release from the Gaol would be better, allowing him to wander the world drowned out in anonymity. Scriptor's request at a meeting was denied so he agreed to return when Hitler's sentence had been served. He had already met many other versions of Hitler many times during his travels through the Known Worlds. (PROSE: Prologue to Warlords of Utopia)

Legacy[[edit] | [edit source]]

After World War II, the name "Adolf" virtually disappeared not only in Germany but all over Earth due to its association with Hitler. This came to be known as "the Adolf Effect". (AUDIO: The Lights of Skaro)

Hitler gave his name to the Second World War; one of the names it became known by was the "Hitler war". (TV: The Time Monster)

After Eva Braun's escape from Berlin, she gave birth to Adolf Hitler, Jr. who was raised under the guidance of the likes of Bormann to revere his father. When the time came, Hitler Jr. was to lead various neo-Nazi cells to establish the Fourth Reich. In 2001, at the same age his father was at the time of his death, Hitler Jr. encountered the Sixth Doctor and forced him to take him back in time to meet his father. This led to the incident in the Berlin Bunker on 30 April 1945, where both Hitler and Hitler Jr. met their demise. The latter passed into history as a body double of Hitler who was found dead in the water tower. (PROSE: The Shadow in the Glass)

In the mid-2000s, cats that bore resemblances to Hitler were named "Kitlers", and there was a website for pictures of said cats. Louise told her brother that his cat looked like a Kitler, and he frowned at Louise when she asked for a picture of the cat, and their Mam told Louise off. (PROSE: The Story of Fester Cat)

References[[edit] | [edit source]]

The First Doctor warned Steven Taylor that even saving the life of a child in the 1240 siege of Kiev could change history into a future where Hitler did not lose the Second World War. (PROSE: Bunker Soldiers)

When the Master claimed that he wanted to rule people "for their own good," the Third Doctor wondered if he had heard Adolf Hitler or Genghis Khan say the same thing. (TV: The Dæmons)

The Seventh Doctor stands in front of a portrait of Hitler inside a replica of a German office. (TV: The Curse of Fenric)

A. H. Millington maintained a copy of the German naval cypher room in the naval base at Maiden's Bay, including a portrait of Hitler and other Nazi paraphernalia. The Seventh Doctor considered Hitler to be "a dreadful man." (TV: The Curse of Fenric)

Winston Churchill once mentioned that that "If Hitler invaded Hell, [he] would give a favourable reference to the Devil." After the attack on the Dalek ship put London back under cover of blackout, an officer shook his fist towards the oncoming bombers and said, "Do your worst, Adolf!" (TV: Victory of the Daleks)

Hitler's appointment as German Chancellor was noted as a key event by the Matrix while attempting to keep a clear record of the Web of Time during an outbreak of anti-time. (AUDIO: Neverland)

After the Germans took Paris, Hitler wanted his photo taken at the top of the Eiffel Tower. This was impossible, however, as the tower's keepers had scuppered the lifts, and so he settled for a press conference in the monument's shadow instead. (PROSE: History 101)

In high school, Mels stated to her teacher that the reason Hitler came to power was because the Doctor did not stop him. This got her sent to the head teacher's office. (TV: Let's Kill Hitler)

The physical resemblance between Hitler and Charlie Chaplin was once remarked upon by Fey Truscott-Sade who once told Nazi Colonel Kessler that she thought that it was "mad" that "millions of people [were] following a disgusting little man with a Charlie Chaplin moustache." (COMIC: Me and My Shadow)

Barbara Wright once asked the First Doctor what would happen if a time traveller assassinated Hitler in 1930. The Doctor answered that this would be impossible, because of the fact that Hitler was not assassinated. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Crusaders) The Twelfth Doctor told Clara Oswald that he wouldn't kill Hitler as it would mean changing the course of human history. (TV: Kill the Moon)

Behind the scenes[[edit] | [edit source]]

Information from invalid sources[[edit] | [edit source]]

A script typo once briefly led to the Doctor Who episode Let's Kill Hitler turning into a knockabout comedy called Let's Kiss Hitler, in which a terrified Hitler was chased by Amy Pond and Rory Williams, who were both trying to kiss him. (COMIC: Doctor Whoah! 438)

Other matters[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • In the novel Timewyrm: Exodus, the Seventh Doctor stated that he had never met Hitler before, even though he had done so in his sixth incarnation in the novel The Shadow in the Glass.[1]
  • While he otherwise liked the novel, Lance Parkin criticised the portrayal of Hitler in Timewyrm: Exodus, suggesting the implication that the external influence of the Timewyrm significantly aided his rise cheapened the lessons to be learned from the Nazis. In his later novel Just War, also part of the Virgin New Adventures, Parkin created the character of Oskar Steinmann as a counterpoint to Hitler in Exodus. He portrayed Steinmann as "a talented, intelligent, cultured man who chooses to be a Nazi. That is much scarier than the thought he's been hypnotised by aliens." The novel deliberately avoided making any direct references to Hitler,[2] save for a declaration of loyalty mentioning "the Führer", which could arguably refer to the holder of the title rather than the individual. Parkin later featured multiple alternate version of Hitler in his Faction Paradox novel Warlords of Utopia.
  • The Shadow in the Glass features jaw bone fragments that, in the real world, were long believed to have belonged to Hitler, with the story explicitly revealing that they do. Some years after the novel's release, it was discovered that the fragments were not Hitler's at all, instead belonging to an undefined woman. Authors Justin Richards and Stephen Cole acknowledged in the 2015 re-release for The History Collection.
  • Following a screening of Voyage of the Damned in 2007, Russell T Davies was asked what historical figure would make the best Doctor and jokingly replied, "Hitler. He was stern and strong. He would be great." This sparked some criticism.[3] In contrast, Albert Welling called Hitler "the biggest Doctor Who monster ever."[source needed]
  • The only actor to play Hitler in Doctor Who was Albert Welling in Let's Kill Hitler.
  • Steven Moffat addressed the use of Hitler for largely comedic purposes in Let's Kill Hitler by drawing comparisons with the scene in The Last Crusade in which Indiana Jones accidentally receives Hitler's autograph.[4]
  • The novel A History of Humankind [+]Loading...["A History of Humankind (novel)"] depicts Hitler in two illustrations. The first of these illustrations is based on a real world photograph of Hitler in 1932,[5] while the other is based on a promotional photograph of Albert Welling for Let's Kill Hitler.
  • Real world archive footage of Hitler was used in the webcast Looking back at Winston Churchill, part of the BBC Doctor Who website game Amy's History Hunt [+]Loading...["Amy's History Hunt (video game)"].

Depictions in other media[[edit] | [edit source]]

Footnotes[[edit] | [edit source]]

  1. Despite this contradiction, the continuity of the two novels - which were released in different ranges - is otherwise bound together by Players, in which Hitler also appears. Players contains a direct reference to the events of Timewyrm: Exodus (both share the same author), and its own events were later directly referenced by The Shadow in the Glass (both were released in the same range).
  2. NZDWFC Lance Parkin Interview
  3. Daily Star: Hitler would be top Timelord
  4. Doctor Who's Day Roundup: Steven Moffat Says 'Taking the Mickey' Out of Hitler Was the Plan. Anglophenia (17th August, 2011). Retrieved on 26th June, 2020.
  5. Alamy - ARCHIVE 1932 Adolf Hitler NSDAP in SA uniform wearing a swastika armband at a political rally to decide the Reich presidential elections
  6. Daily Telegraph: "Tougher" Doctor Who is chosen
  7. https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-marius-goring-1175606.html
  8. https://powell-pressburger.org/Obits/Marius/Telegraph.html