British monarchy: Difference between revisions
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{{wikipediainfo|Monarchy of the United Kingdom}} | {{wikipediainfo|Monarchy of the United Kingdom}} | ||
The [[United Kingdom]] operated under a constitutional [[monarchy]]. | The [[United Kingdom]] operated under a '''constitutional [[monarchy]]'''. | ||
== The Doctor and the monarchy == | == The Doctor and the monarchy == | ||
[[The Doctor]] had numerous encounters with the [[King]]s and [[Queen]]s of [[Britain]]. So much so that [[Elizabeth X]] grew up on stories of the Doctor in the [[29th century]]. ([[TV]]: | [[The Doctor]] had numerous encounters with the [[King]]s and [[Queen]]s of [[Britain]]. So much so that [[Elizabeth X]] grew up on stories of the Doctor in the [[29th century]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Beast Below (TV story)}}) | ||
The Doctor's relationships with the monarchs varied. The [[Tenth Doctor]], after [[Marriage|marrying]] [[Elizabeth I]], ([[TV]]: | The Doctor's relationships with the monarchs varied. The [[Tenth Doctor]], after [[Marriage|marrying]] [[Elizabeth I]], ([[TV]]: {{cs|The End of Time (TV story)}}, {{cs|The Day of the Doctor (TV story)}}) infuriated her to the point that the next time she saw him, she ordered his [[execution]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Shakespeare Code (TV story)}}) [[Victoria|Queen Victoria]] both [[knight]]ed and [[exile]]d him on the same day. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Tooth and Claw (TV story)}}) However, the Doctor also had good relationships with monarchs, such as [[Elizabeth II]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Voyage of the Damned (TV story)}}, {{cs|Planet of the Dead (TV story)}}) | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
=== Early history === | === Early history === | ||
According the one account, an [[incarnation]] of [[the Doctor]] pulled the [[sword]] from the [[stone]] and handed it to [[King Arthur]]. Therefore, the former was made King of England but he abdicated after a single day in Arthur's favour. ([[PROSE]]: | According the one account, an [[incarnation]] of [[the Doctor]] pulled the [[sword]] from the [[stone]] and handed it to [[King Arthur]]. Therefore, the former was made King of England but he abdicated after a single day in Arthur's favour. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Silhouette (novel)}}) Other sources dispute whether Arthur was real or just a legend. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Battlefield (TV story)}}) | ||
In the [[8th century]], the kingdoms of England were not unified into one body. One such kingdom was [[Mercia]]. [[Egfrith]] was crowned King of Mercia in [[785]]. ([[PROSE]]: | In the [[8th century]], the kingdoms of England were not unified into one body. One such kingdom was [[Mercia]]. [[Egfrith]] was crowned King of Mercia in [[785]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Dying Days (novel)}}) | ||
In the [[9th century]], [[Alfred the Great]] was the King of all England. Many incarnations of the Doctor met him. ([[PROSE]]: | In the [[9th century]], [[Alfred the Great]] was the King of all England. Many incarnations of the Doctor met him. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Revenge of the Judoon (novel)}}, {{cs|The Man Who Wouldn't Give Up (short story)}}) Alfred had some children. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|They Think It's All Over (comic story)}}) | ||
[[Athelstan of England]] was the King of England for some time in the [[10th century]]. He received the [[Cup of Athelstan]] in [[924]] as a coronation gift from [[Hywel]], King of the Welsh. ([[TV]]: | [[Athelstan of England]] was the King of England for some time in the [[10th century]]. He received the [[Cup of Athelstan]] in [[924]] as a coronation gift from [[Hywel]], King of the Welsh. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Planet of the Dead (TV story)}}) | ||
=== 11th century === | === 11th century === | ||
[[Ethelred]] was King of the English in the early [[11th century]]. He died in [[1016]]. ([[PROSE]]: | [[Ethelred]] was King of the English in the early [[11th century]]. He died in [[1016]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Immortals (short story)}}) | ||
At some point in the 11th century, the throne passed to the Danes. [[Cnut]], the ruler of Denmark and uncle of future King [[Harold Godwinson]], ([[PROSE]]: | At some point in the 11th century, the throne passed to the Danes. [[Cnut]], the ruler of Denmark and uncle of future King [[Harold Godwinson]], ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Real Hereward (short story)}}) also reigned as King of England for a time. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Invaders from Mars (audio story)}}) | ||
[[Edward the Confessor]] was King of England from at least [[1055]] to the beginning of [[1066]]. He had no children. He and his wife, [[Edith (Seasons of Fear)|Edith]], had promised the throne to "everyone who wanted it", leading to peace during their reign and conflict after. ([[AUDIO]]: | [[Edward the Confessor]] was King of England from at least [[1055]] to the beginning of [[1066]]. He had no children. He and his wife, [[Edith (Seasons of Fear)|Edith]], had promised the throne to "everyone who wanted it", leading to peace during their reign and conflict after. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Seasons of Fear (audio story)}}) | ||
[[Harold Godwinson]] was crowned as the successor of Edward for some of 1066. The other claimants to the throne were [[Harald Hardrada]] and [[William of Normandy]]. In the [[Norman Conquest]], Harold defeated Harald at the [[Battle of Stamford Bridge]] on [[25 September]]. On [[14 October]], Harold and William clashed in the [[Battle of Hastings]]. During the battle, Harold was killed and William took over as King. ([[TV]]: | [[Harold Godwinson]] was crowned as the successor of Edward for some of 1066. The other claimants to the throne were [[Harald Hardrada]] and [[William of Normandy]]. In the [[Norman Conquest]], Harold defeated Harald at the [[Battle of Stamford Bridge]] on [[25 September]]. On [[14 October]], Harold and William clashed in the [[Battle of Hastings]]. During the battle, Harold was killed and William took over as King. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Co-Owner of a Lonely Heart (TV story)}}) The [[First Monk]] tried to aid the [[Saxon]] army with advanced technology but was defeated by the [[First Doctor]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Time Meddler (TV story)}}) | ||
William was crowned on [[25 December]] that year, ([[TV]]: | William was crowned on [[25 December]] that year, ([[TV]]: {{cs|Co-Owner of a Lonely Heart (TV story)}}) and reigned until his death in [[1087]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Vampire Science (novel)}}) | ||
=== 12th century === | === 12th century === | ||
[[Richard I of England]], called Richard the Lionheart, was King of England during the [[Crusades]] in the late [[12th century]]. While he led his troops in the crusades, he worried that his younger brother [[John of England]] would usurp his throne back in England. Richard assisted the First Doctor and [[Ian Chesterton]] in rescuing [[Barbara Wright]] after her capture by Arabs. ([[TV]]: | [[Richard I of England]], called Richard the Lionheart, was King of England during the [[Crusades]] in the late [[12th century]]. While he led his troops in the crusades, he worried that his younger brother [[John of England]] would usurp his throne back in England. Richard assisted the First Doctor and [[Ian Chesterton]] in rescuing [[Barbara Wright]] after her capture by Arabs. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Crusade (TV story)}}) Whilst he was in the [[Holy Land]], John ruled England in his stead. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Invasion of the Dinosaurs (TV story)}}) | ||
In [[1199]], Richard died and John became King in his own right. ([[PROSE]]: | In [[1199]], Richard died and John became King in his own right. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|A History of Humankind (novel)}}) | ||
=== 13th century === | === 13th century === | ||
While the real King John was in [[London]] taking the [[Crusader's Oath]], the [[android]] [[Kamelion]] was being used in a plot by {{Ainley}} to sabotage [[Earth]] history by preventing King John's signing of the [[Magna Carta]], an event pivotal to the development of parliamentary democracy on that [[planet]]. This plot was foiled by the intervention of the [[Fifth Doctor]]. John ruled until at least [[1215]] ([[TV]]: | While the real King John was in [[London]] taking the [[Crusader's Oath]], the [[android]] [[Kamelion]] was being used in a plot by {{Ainley}} to sabotage [[Earth]] history by preventing King John's signing of the [[Magna Carta]], an event pivotal to the development of parliamentary democracy on that [[planet]]. This plot was foiled by the intervention of the [[Fifth Doctor]]. John ruled until at least [[1215]] ([[TV]]: {{cs|The King's Demons (TV story)}}) and was succeeded by his son, [[Henry III]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The King's Demons (novelisation)}}) | ||
=== 14th century === | === 14th century === | ||
In the late [[14th century]] from at least the [[1390s]], [[Richard II]] was King. In [[1399]], he was deposed by a group of rebels led by Henry of Bolingbroke. Henry seized the throne, becoming [[Henry IV]] and Richard died in [[1400]] after having been imprisoned and denied food. Henry had a [[Henry V|son]] that was born in [[1386]]. ([[AUDIO]]: | In the late [[14th century]] from at least the [[1390s]], [[Richard II]] was King. In [[1399]], he was deposed by a group of rebels led by Henry of Bolingbroke. Henry seized the throne, becoming [[Henry IV]] and Richard died in [[1400]] after having been imprisoned and denied food. Henry had a [[Henry V|son]] that was born in [[1386]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Doctor's Tale (audio story)}}) | ||
=== 15th century === | === 15th century === | ||
[[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]] was the King into the [[15th century]] and reigned during the [[War of the Roses]]. He was the husband of [[Elizabeth Woodville]] and brother of the future [[Richard III of England|Richard III]]. He was also the father of the [[Princes in the Tower]]. After Edward's unexpected death, [[Edward V of England|Edward V]] (one of the Princes in the Tower) was briefly king but Richard prevented him from being crowned. Richard then had Edward IV's marriage to Elizabeth declared illegitimate, as such so was Edward V. As next in line, Richard then claimed the throne for himself. | [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]] was the King into the [[15th century]] and reigned during the [[War of the Roses]]. He was the husband of [[Elizabeth Woodville]] and brother of the future [[Richard III of England|Richard III]]. He was also the father of the [[Princes in the Tower]]. After Edward's unexpected death, [[Edward V of England|Edward V]] (one of the Princes in the Tower) was briefly king but Richard prevented him from being crowned. Richard then had Edward IV's marriage to Elizabeth declared illegitimate, as such so was Edward V. As next in line, Richard then claimed the throne for himself. | ||
One source suggested that the Princes in the Tower were actually Edward IV's daughters, [[Susan (The Kingmaker)|Susan]] and [[Judith (The Kingmaker)|Judith]]. ([[AUDIO]]: | One source suggested that the Princes in the Tower were actually Edward IV's daughters, [[Susan (The Kingmaker)|Susan]] and [[Judith (The Kingmaker)|Judith]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Kingmaker (audio story)}}) | ||
Richard ruled England for two years before being succeeded by [[Henry Tudor]] after his defeat in the [[Battle of Bosworth]] in [[1485]]. One source suggested that it was actually [[William Shakespeare]] that was killed in the battle and Richard replaced him in the [[16th century]]. ([[AUDIO]]: | Richard ruled England for two years before being succeeded by [[Henry Tudor]] after his defeat in the [[Battle of Bosworth]] in [[1485]]. One source suggested that it was actually [[William Shakespeare]] that was killed in the battle and Richard replaced him in the [[16th century]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Kingmaker (audio story)}}, [[PROSE]]: {{cs|Sometime Never... (novel)}}) | ||
=== 16th century === | === 16th century === | ||
Henry Tudor (Henry VII) was the King of England until his death in [[1509]]. ([[PROSE]]: | Henry Tudor (Henry VII) was the King of England until his death in [[1509]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Sometime Never... (novel)}}) He married [[Elizabeth of York]] (daughter of Edward IV) to unite the warring [[York family|Yorks]] and [[Tudor]]s. They had four children: the future [[Henry VIII]], [[Arthur Tudor]], [[Margaret Tudor]] and [[Mary Tudor]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo (TV story)}}) | ||
Henry was succeeded by his son Henry VIII. He reigned from 1509 to [[1547]]. He had six wives and three children, all of whom succeeded him as monarchs. ([[TV]]: | Henry was succeeded by his son Henry VIII. He reigned from 1509 to [[1547]]. He had six wives and three children, all of whom succeeded him as monarchs. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo (TV story)}}) | ||
Henry's immediate successor was [[Edward VI]] who was a [[Protestant]] ([[AUDIO]]: | Henry's immediate successor was [[Edward VI]] who was a [[Protestant]] ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Marian Conspiracy (audio story)}}) and reigned from 1547 to his death in [[1553]] at age 15. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo (TV story)}}) | ||
After the death of Edward VI, [[Jane Grey]] became queen at sixteen years as her father wished, although she never wanted to rule. She ruled for nine days from [[10 July|10]] to [[19 July]]. On 19 July, she met [[Rani Chandra]], a [[time travel|traveller]] from [[2010]], on the ninth and final day of her reign. ([[TV]]: | After the death of Edward VI, [[Jane Grey]] became queen at sixteen years as her father wished, although she never wanted to rule. She ruled for nine days from [[10 July|10]] to [[19 July]]. On 19 July, she met [[Rani Chandra]], a [[time travel|traveller]] from [[2010]], on the ninth and final day of her reign. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Lost in Time (TV story)}}) | ||
[[Mary I]] had claimed the throne and proclaimed her a traitor, intending to sentence her to death. ([[TV]]: | [[Mary I]] had claimed the throne and proclaimed her a traitor, intending to sentence her to death. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Lost in Time (TV story)}}) Mary ruled from 1553 to her death in [[1558]]. Her husband was [[Philip II]] of [[Spain]], though they had no children. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Marian Conspiracy (audio story)}}) | ||
[[Elizabeth I]] was the [[Queen]] of [[England]] from 1558 to [[1603]] ([[ | [[Elizabeth I]] was the [[Queen]] of [[England]], [[Ireland]] and [[Wales]] from 1558 to [[1603]] ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|A History of Humankind (novel)}}, [[TV]]: {{cs|The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo (TV story)}}) and a spouse of the [[Tenth Doctor]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The End of Time (TV story)}}, {{cs|The Day of the Doctor (TV story)}}) After the Doctor never returned to her, she met a younger version of his tenth incarnation following the premiere of ''[[Love's Labour's Won]]'' in [[1599]], and ordered his [[execution]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Shakespeare Code (TV story)}}) | ||
=== 17th century === | === 17th century === | ||
After the death of [[Elizabeth I]], the [[Scotland|Scottish]] King [[James I]] inherited the English throne. From then onwards, both kingdoms were ruled by a single monarch. ([[GAME]]: | After the death of [[Elizabeth I]], the [[Scotland|Scottish]] King [[James I]] inherited the English throne. From then onwards, both kingdoms were ruled by a single monarch. ([[GAME]]: {{cs|The Gunpowder Plot (video game)}}) | ||
According to [[Barbara Wright]], James' rule was characterised by relative religious tolerance. Though a staunch [[Protestant]], he discouraged persecution of [[Catholic Church|Catholics]]. Barbara claimed that he realised that "to govern well it made sense to unify people rather than drive them apart." ([[PROSE]]: | According to [[Barbara Wright]], James' rule was characterised by relative religious tolerance. Though a staunch [[Protestant]], he discouraged persecution of [[Catholic Church|Catholics]]. Barbara claimed that he realised that "to govern well it made sense to unify people rather than drive them apart." ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Plotters (novel)}}) | ||
In spite of this, on [[5 November]] [[1605]], [[Guy Fawkes]] and others attempted to blow up the [[Houses of Parliament]] and kill James I as part of a Catholic conspiracy which became known as the [[Gunpowder Plot]]. Their efforts were unsuccessful. Both the [[First Doctor|First]] and [[Eleventh Doctor]]s were involved in these events. ([[PROSE]]: | In spite of this, on [[5 November]] [[1605]], [[Guy Fawkes]] and others attempted to blow up the [[Houses of Parliament]] and kill James I as part of a Catholic conspiracy which became known as the [[Gunpowder Plot]]. Their efforts were unsuccessful. Both the [[First Doctor|First]] and [[Eleventh Doctor]]s were involved in these events. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Plotters (novel)}}, [[GAME]]: {{cs|The Gunpowder Plot (video game)}}) | ||
James' rule ended upon his death in [[1625]]. ([[PROSE]]: | James' rule ended upon his death in [[1625]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Roundheads (novel)}}) | ||
James was succeeded by his son [[Charles I]], who reigned during the [[English Civil War]]. The war was fought between his supporters, the [[Cavalier]]s, and the [[Roundhead]]s. The Roundheads emerged victorious and he was executed on the orders of [[Oliver Cromwell]] on [[30 January]] [[1649]]. | James was succeeded by his son [[Charles I]], who reigned during the [[English Civil War]]. The war was fought between his supporters, the [[Cavalier]]s, and the [[Roundhead]]s. The Roundheads emerged victorious and he was executed on the orders of [[Oliver Cromwell]] on [[30 January]] [[1649]]. | ||
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After this, the monarchy was abolished and Cromwell served in the position of [[Lord Protector]] until his death in [[1658]]. He banned [[Christmas]]. After his death, his son, [[Richard Cromwell]] became Lord Protector for only a few months. His rule was not very popular and earned him the nickname of "Tumbledown Dick". | After this, the monarchy was abolished and Cromwell served in the position of [[Lord Protector]] until his death in [[1658]]. He banned [[Christmas]]. After his death, his son, [[Richard Cromwell]] became Lord Protector for only a few months. His rule was not very popular and earned him the nickname of "Tumbledown Dick". | ||
In [[1660]], the son of Charles, [[Charles II]] became king after [[Houses of Parliament|Parliament]] invited him to take the throne. ([[PROSE]]: | In [[1660]], the son of Charles, [[Charles II]], became king after [[Houses of Parliament|Parliament]] invited him to take the throne. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Roundheads (novel)}}) | ||
Charles II, himself a Protestant, blamed the English Catholics for the [[Great Fire of London]] on [[2 September]] [[1666]]. ([[AUDIO]]: | Charles II, himself a Protestant, blamed the English Catholics for the [[Great Fire of London]] on [[2 September]] [[1666]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Glorious Revolution (audio story)}}) In actuality, it was started when a [[Terileptil]] weapon overloaded in a building on [[Pudding Lane]]. The [[Fifth Doctor]] played a major role in causing the fire. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Visitation (TV story)}}) | ||
The [[Fourth Doctor]] told [[Sarah Jane Smith]] that he met Charles II before he became king. At the time, he was on the run from the Roundheads and the Doctor helped him to hide in an old oak tree. ([[PROSE]]: | The [[Fourth Doctor]] told [[Sarah Jane Smith]] that he met Charles II before he became king. At the time, he was on the run from the Roundheads and the Doctor helped him to hide in an old oak tree. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Republican's Story (short story)}}) | ||
Upon his death in [[1685]], he was succeeded by his Catholic younger brother [[James II]]. In [[November]] [[1688]], his reign was brought to an end by the [[Glorious Revolution]] when he was overthrown by [[William of Orange]]. Its less immediate consequences included the [[Jacobite|Jacobite Risings]] which culminated in the [[Battle of Culloden]] on [[16 April]] [[1746]]. William ruled jointly with his wife, [[Mary II]], who was also the daughter of James II. ([[AUDIO]]: | Upon his death in [[1685]], he was succeeded by his Catholic younger brother [[James II]]. In [[November]] [[1688]], his reign was brought to an end by the [[Glorious Revolution]] when he was overthrown by [[William of Orange]]. Its less immediate consequences included the [[Jacobite|Jacobite Risings]] which culminated in the [[Battle of Culloden]] on [[16 April]] [[1746]]. William ruled jointly with his wife, [[Mary II]], who was also the daughter of James II. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Glorious Revolution (audio story)}}) | ||
=== 18th century === | === 18th century === | ||
William of Orange died on [[8 March]] [[1702]] — at least according to a [[newspaper]] that the [[Fifth Doctor]] and [[Turlough]] read. His death caused ordinary English subjects to toast the health of the heir-apparent, [[Anne (Queen of Great Britain)|Princess Anne]]. ([[AUDIO]]: | William of Orange died on [[8 March]] [[1702]] — at least according to a [[newspaper]] that the [[Fifth Doctor]] and [[Turlough]] read. His death caused ordinary English subjects to toast the health of the heir-apparent, [[Anne (Queen of Great Britain)|Princess Anne]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Phantasmagoria (audio story)}}) She ruled until [[1714]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Pirates (audio story)}}) | ||
King [[George I]] of England was from [[Hanover]], [[Germany]]. The [[Second Doctor]] took up his German guise and said he spoke better English than the King. ([[TV]]: | King [[George I]] of England was from [[Hanover]], [[Germany]]. The [[Second Doctor]] took up his German guise and said he spoke better English than the King. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Highlanders (TV story)}}) | ||
[[George II]] was King of England in [[1746]]. The [[Redcoat]]s fought for him. ([[TV]]: | [[George II]] was King of England in [[1746]]. The [[Redcoat]]s fought for him. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Highlanders (TV story)}}) During the [[Jacobite|Jacobite Rising]] of [[1745]], the [[Glasgow|Glaswegians]] fought on side of King George II and the English. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Wheel of Ice (novel)}}) | ||
George III was the King of the [[United Kingdom]] from [[1760]] to [[1820]]. In [[1774]], he received [[George III's mammoth|the last mammoth in Europe]] as a gift from [[Catherine II]] of [[Russia]]. ([[PROSE]]: | George III was the King of the [[United Kingdom]] from [[1760]] to [[1820]]. In [[1774]], he received [[George III's mammoth|the last mammoth in Europe]] as a gift from [[Catherine II]] of [[Russia]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Adventuress of Henrietta Street (novel)}}, [[COMIC]]: {{cs|Political Animals (comic story)}}) | ||
=== 19th century === | === 19th century === | ||
[[Victoria]], [[Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]], [[Empress of India]], [[Defender of the Faith]], usually known as Queen Victoria, was a powerful and influential monarch on Earth in the [[19th century]]. Victoria met the Doctor at least twice: once during her coronation in [[1838]], ([[TV]]: | [[William IV]] was the [[King]] of the United Kingdom until his [[death]] on [[20 June]] [[1837]]. He was succeeded by his [[niece]], [[Victoria]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Time Traveller's Almanac (reference book)}}) | ||
Victoria, [[Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]], [[Empress of India]], [[Defender of the Faith]], usually known as Queen Victoria, was a powerful and influential monarch on Earth in the [[19th century]]. Victoria met the Doctor at least twice: once during her coronation in [[1838]], ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Curse of Peladon (TV story)}}) and in [[1879]] she shared an adventure with the [[Tenth Doctor]]. The latter encounter led her to banish the Doctor from her country and form the [[Torchwood Institute]], as the [[British Empire]]'s defence against the dark forces with which the Doctor seemed to consort. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Tooth and Claw (TV story)}}) | |||
=== 20th century === | === 20th century === | ||
[[Edward VII]] succeeded his mother, Victoria and was king by [[1902]]. He was succeeded by his son, [[George V]]. ([[PROSE]]: | [[Edward VII]] succeeded his mother, Victoria and was king by [[1902]]. He was succeeded by his son, [[George V]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Revenge of the Judoon (novel)}}) | ||
George V died in [[1936]] and was succeeded by his eldest son, [[Edward VIII]]. [[Edward VIII]] was King of the United Kingdom for most of 1936. He chose to abdicate on [[10 December]] before marrying the twice-divorced [[American]] [[Wallis Simpson]]. Afterwards, his younger brother, [[George VI]] was his successor. George VI was king from 1936 to [[1952]] and was the monarch during [[World War II]]. He was succeeded by his daughter. ([[PROSE]]: | George V died in [[1936]] and was succeeded by his eldest son, [[Edward VIII]]. [[Edward VIII]] was King of the United Kingdom for most of 1936. He chose to abdicate on [[10 December]] before marrying the twice-divorced [[American]] [[Wallis Simpson]]. Afterwards, his younger brother, [[George VI]] was his successor. George VI was king from 1936 to [[1952]] and was the monarch during [[World War II]]. He was succeeded by his daughter. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Players (novel)}}) | ||
[[Elizabeth II]] was crowned on [[2 June]] [[1953]], ([[TV]]: | [[Elizabeth II]] was crowned on [[2 June]] [[1953]], ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Idiot's Lantern (TV story)}}) and served well into the [[21st century]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Voyage of the Damned (TV story)}}) | ||
The alien [[The Wire|Wire]] attempted to take the energy from the millions of [[human]]s watching her [[1953]] Coronation on their [[television]]s. However, the Tenth Doctor foiled the Wire's plans. ([[TV]]: | The alien [[The Wire|Wire]] attempted to take the energy from the millions of [[human]]s watching her [[1953]] Coronation on their [[television]]s. However, the Tenth Doctor foiled the Wire's plans. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Idiot's Lantern (TV story)}}) | ||
Students at [[Brendon Public School]] (as well as the rest of Great Britain), where [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart|the Brigadier]] taught, celebrated the silver anniversary of Elizabeth II's coronation in [[1977]]. ([[TV]]: | Students at [[Brendon Public School]] (as well as the rest of Great Britain), where [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart|the Brigadier]] taught, celebrated the silver anniversary of Elizabeth II's coronation in [[1977]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Mawdryn Undead (TV story)}}) | ||
In [[1988]], her path almost crossed that of the [[Seventh Doctor]] (who almost but not quite recognised her) at [[Windsor Castle]] as she walked her pet [[corgi]]s about the grounds. ([[TV]]: | In [[1988]], her path almost crossed that of the [[Seventh Doctor]] (who almost but not quite recognised her) at [[Windsor Castle]] as she walked her pet [[corgi]]s about the grounds. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Silver Nemesis (TV story)}}) | ||
Elizabeth II was concurrently the [[Queen]] of [[Australia]], a situation with which not all Australians were satisfied. The [[Fourth Doctor|Fourth]] and [[Fifth Doctor]]'s companion [[Tegan Jovanka]], who described herself as "downright [[Communism|Bolshie]]," favoured her country's transition from a constitutional monarchy to a republic. ([[AUDIO]]: | Elizabeth II was concurrently the [[Queen]] of [[Australia]], a situation with which not all Australians were satisfied. The [[Fourth Doctor|Fourth]] and [[Fifth Doctor]]'s companion [[Tegan Jovanka]], who described herself as "downright [[Communism|Bolshie]]," favoured her country's transition from a constitutional monarchy to a republic. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Children of Seth (audio story)}}) | ||
=== 21st century === | === 21st century === | ||
On [[Christmas Day]] [[2006]], the [[blood control]] powers of the [[Sycorax]] (operating out of a ship hovering over [[London]]) threatened to make Elizabeth II, as well as the rest of the [[British Royal Family]], jump off a roof and kill themselves. ([[TV]]: | On [[Christmas Day]] [[2006]], the [[blood control]] powers of the [[Sycorax]] (operating out of a ship hovering over [[London]]) threatened to make Elizabeth II, as well as the rest of the [[British Royal Family]], jump off a roof and kill themselves. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Christmas Invasion (TV story)}}) | ||
Due to the Sycorax invasion and the "[[Christmas Star]]" incident occurring on consecutive Christmases in [[London]], most of the city's residents fled during Christmas [[2008]]. The Queen staunchly decided to remain in [[Buckingham Palace]]. On Christmas Day, [[Titanic (spaceship)|the alien ''Titanic'']] almost crashed into Buckingham Palace; the Tenth Doctor telephoned the Palace and spoke a pre-arranged code number that resulted in the immediate evacuation of the Queen and her staff, but at the last moment he was able to pull the ship up above the palace. The Queen thanked the Doctor by name. ([[TV]]: | Due to the Sycorax invasion and the "[[Christmas Star]]" incident occurring on consecutive Christmases in [[London]], most of the city's residents fled during Christmas [[2008]]. The Queen staunchly decided to remain in [[Buckingham Palace]]. On Christmas Day, [[Titanic (spaceship)|the alien ''Titanic'']] almost crashed into Buckingham Palace; the Tenth Doctor telephoned the Palace and spoke a pre-arranged code number that resulted in the immediate evacuation of the Queen and her staff, but at the last moment he was able to pull the ship up above the palace. The Queen thanked the Doctor by name. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Voyage of the Damned (TV story)}}) | ||
At [[Easter]] in approximately the [[2000s]],{{note|Both ''[[Planet of the Dead (TV story)|Planet of the Dead]]'' and ''[[The End of Time (TV story)|The End of Time]]'' are referred to in dialogue as taking place after the end of ''[[Journey's End (TV story)|Journey's End]]'', which is set in either [[2008]], according to [[TV]]: ''[[The Fires of Pompeii (TV story)|The Fires of Pompeii]]'', [[TV]]: ''[[The Waters of Mars]]'', and [[AUDIO]]: ''[[SOS (audio story)|SOS]]'', or six weeks after the middle of [[May]] [[2009]], circa [[June]], according to [[PROSE]]: ''[[Beautiful Chaos (novel)|Beautiful Chaos]]''. However, the year of ''Planet of the Dead'' is unspecified, as is whether or not it is intended to be the [[Easter]] immediately after ''Journey's End''.}} the [[Tenth Doctor]] left [[The Doctor's TARDIS|his TARDIS]] in [[Buckingham Palace]] gardens, telling Captain [[Erisa Magambo]] that the Queen did not mind. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Planet of the Dead (TV story)}}) | |||
Various accounts have Britain ruled by a king in 1997, ([[TV]]: | Various accounts have Britain ruled by a king in 1997, ([[TV]]: {{cs|Battlefield (TV story)}}) the 2000s, ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Longest Night (audio story)}}) and [[July]] [[2012]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Shadows of Avalon (novel)}}) Whatever the date, Queen Elizabeth was eventually succeeded by [[Charles III]], along with his Queen, [[Camilla (Queen)|Camilla]]. Charles himself was succeeded by [[William V]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Revenge of the Judoon (novel)}}) | ||
In [[2050]], when the British government was controlled by [[ | In [[2050]], when the British government was controlled by [[Lomax]], a [[Korven]] from the [[far future]], Britain was ruled by a [[King (Oroborus)|King]]. An [[Oroborus]] arrived on Earth around his birthday, causing time distortions which meant that some people complained about missing the King's birthday message, and others saw it twice. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Oroborus (TV story)}}) | ||
[[Henry XII]] was the king sometime prior to the [[29th century]]. The Doctor was a "[[Alcohol|drinking]] buddy" of his. ([[TV]]: | [[Henry XII]] was the king sometime prior to the [[29th century]]. The Doctor was a "[[Alcohol|drinking]] buddy" of his. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Beast Below (TV story)}}) | ||
=== 22nd century === | === 22nd century === | ||
In [[2161]], during the [[ | In [[2161]], during the [[2150s Dalek invasion of Earth|Dalek occupation]], the last monarch of Britain died. In [[2199]], [[Lord Haldoran]] planned to become the first monarch of Britain in thirty-eight years. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Legacy of the Daleks (novel)}}) | ||
=== | === 33rd century === | ||
In [[5145]], | During the [[3290s]], [[Elizabeth X]] of the United Kingdom, (also known as Liz Ten) was the Queen Regnant of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Having been made [[immortality|immortal]] (or near-immortal), she lived for centuries, ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Beast Below (TV story)}}) reigning until at least the [[52nd century]]. In [[5145]], Liz Ten caught [[River Song]] attempting to steal [[Vincent van Gogh]]'s painting, ''[[The Pandorica Opens]]''. After holding River at gunpoint, she saw the painting and learned for whom it was meant before letting her go. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Pandorica Opens (TV story)}}) | ||
=== Far future === | === Far future === | ||
At some point, the British monarchy was deposed and the last monarch was executed. Footage of that event could be viewed through the [[Gogglebox]] located on [[the Moon]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Reaping (audio story)}}) | |||
=== Other realities === | |||
==== Alternate timelines ==== | |||
In an [[alternate timeline]]{{which}} accidentally created by [[Jamie McCrimmon]], the Glorious Revolution was a failure and James II retained the throne until his death. Consequently, the Jacobite Risings and the Battle of Culloden never took place. James II's grandson, [[Bonnie Prince Charlie|Charles Edward Stuart]], better known as Bonnie Prince Charlie, eventually ascended the throne as King Charles III. He was still the reigning monarch in [[1788]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Glorious Revolution (audio story)}}) In the timeline familiar to the Doctor, [[Charles III]] was the name taken by the successor of [[Queen]] [[Elizabeth II]] in the [[21st century]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Revenge of the Judoon (novel)}}) | |||
In an alternate timeline{{which}} in which [[Germany]] won [[World War II]], [[Edward VIII]] was restored to the throne with Wallis as his [[Queen]] in [[1940]]. He signed a treaty which established Great Britain as a protectorate of the German Reich. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)}}) | |||
In an | |||
In | ==== Parallel universes ==== | ||
In [[Inferno Earth|a parallel universe]], the Royal Family were executed in [[1943]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Inferno (TV story)}}) It was implied they were implicated in the 1936 assassination of [[Oswald Mosley]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|I, Alastair (novel)}}) | |||
[[Edward IX]] was [[King]] of England in a more technologically advanced [[Parallel Earth (Who's Who?)|parallel universe]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Who's Who? (comic story)}}) | |||
[[ | In [[Arthur's World]], a [[parallel universe]], [[King Arthur (Arthur's World)|Arthur]] was [[King]] of [[England]] in the [[8th century]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Battlefield (TV story)}}) | ||
In [[ | In the [[Parallel universe (The Last Party on Earth)|fourth]] [[parallel universe]] that [[Rose Tyler]] visited in her quest to return to [[the Doctor's universe]], an unnamed King was the head of the British monarchy. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Last Party on Earth (audio story)}}) | ||
In [[ | ==== Unclear ==== | ||
In [[parallel world (Turn Left)|a parallel world]], the starship ''[[Titanic (Turn Left)|Titanic]]'' did hit Buckingham Palace and caused a nuclear explosion. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Turn Left (TV story)}}) | |||
== Behind the scenes == | == Behind the scenes == | ||
=== Torchwood website === | === Torchwood website === | ||
{{Section cleanup|This is a valid source.}} | |||
On the [[Series 1 (Torchwood)|series 1]] version of the [[Torchwood website]], a case file outlined the fall of Torchwood One. It suggested after a massive loss in life and technology, that it was recommended to Her Majesty Queen [[Elizabeth II]] for "the immediate closure of Torchwood One, together with the formation of a steering committee to fully examine future options." <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.torchwood.org.uk/html/fall/report.shtml |title=Report: Closure of Torchwood One |date of source= |website name=[[Torchwood website]] |accessdate=25 July 2013 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070826192746/http://www.torchwood.org.uk/html/fall/report.shtml |archivedate=26 August 2007 }}</ref> | On the [[Series 1 (Torchwood)|series 1]] version of the [[Torchwood website]], a case file outlined the fall of Torchwood One. It suggested after a massive loss in life and technology, that it was recommended to Her Majesty Queen [[Elizabeth II]] for "the immediate closure of Torchwood One, together with the formation of a steering committee to fully examine future options." <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.torchwood.org.uk/html/fall/report.shtml |title=Report: Closure of Torchwood One |date of source= |website name=[[Torchwood website]] |accessdate=25 July 2013 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070826192746/http://www.torchwood.org.uk/html/fall/report.shtml |archivedate=26 August 2007 }}</ref> | ||
=== Other matters === | |||
In the real world, Queen Elizabeth II was succeeded by King [[Charles III]] in 2022, 14 years after the release of ''[[Revenge of the Judoon (novel)|Revenge of the Judoon]]'', 17 years after ''[[The Longest Night (audio story)|The Longest Night]]'', 22 years after ''[[The Shadows of Avalon (novel)|The Shadows of Avalon]]'', and 33 years after ''[[Battlefield (TV story)|Battlefield]]''. | |||
== Footnotes == | == Footnotes == | ||
=== Notes === | |||
{{notelist}} | |||
=== Citations === | |||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{Monarchs of England and Great Britain}} | {{Monarchs of England and Great Britain}} | ||
[[Category:British monarchs]] | [[Category:British monarchs| *]] | ||
[[Category:British government]] | [[Category:British government]] | ||
[[Category:Parallel world (Turn Left)]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:33, 21 October 2024
The United Kingdom operated under a constitutional monarchy.
The Doctor and the monarchy[[edit] | [edit source]]
The Doctor had numerous encounters with the Kings and Queens of Britain. So much so that Elizabeth X grew up on stories of the Doctor in the 29th century. (TV: The Beast Below [+]Loading...["The Beast Below (TV story)"])
The Doctor's relationships with the monarchs varied. The Tenth Doctor, after marrying Elizabeth I, (TV: The End of Time [+]Loading...["The End of Time (TV story)"], The Day of the Doctor [+]Loading...["The Day of the Doctor (TV story)"]) infuriated her to the point that the next time she saw him, she ordered his execution. (TV: The Shakespeare Code [+]Loading...["The Shakespeare Code (TV story)"]) Queen Victoria both knighted and exiled him on the same day. (TV: Tooth and Claw [+]Loading...["Tooth and Claw (TV story)"]) However, the Doctor also had good relationships with monarchs, such as Elizabeth II. (TV: Voyage of the Damned [+]Loading...["Voyage of the Damned (TV story)"], Planet of the Dead [+]Loading...["Planet of the Dead (TV story)"])
History[[edit] | [edit source]]
Early history[[edit] | [edit source]]
According the one account, an incarnation of the Doctor pulled the sword from the stone and handed it to King Arthur. Therefore, the former was made King of England but he abdicated after a single day in Arthur's favour. (PROSE: Silhouette [+]Loading...["Silhouette (novel)"]) Other sources dispute whether Arthur was real or just a legend. (TV: Battlefield [+]Loading...["Battlefield (TV story)"])
In the 8th century, the kingdoms of England were not unified into one body. One such kingdom was Mercia. Egfrith was crowned King of Mercia in 785. (PROSE: The Dying Days [+]Loading...["The Dying Days (novel)"])
In the 9th century, Alfred the Great was the King of all England. Many incarnations of the Doctor met him. (PROSE: Revenge of the Judoon [+]Loading...["Revenge of the Judoon (novel)"], The Man Who Wouldn't Give Up [+]Loading...["The Man Who Wouldn't Give Up (short story)"]) Alfred had some children. (COMIC: They Think It's All Over [+]Loading...["They Think It's All Over (comic story)"])
Athelstan of England was the King of England for some time in the 10th century. He received the Cup of Athelstan in 924 as a coronation gift from Hywel, King of the Welsh. (TV: Planet of the Dead [+]Loading...["Planet of the Dead (TV story)"])
11th century[[edit] | [edit source]]
Ethelred was King of the English in the early 11th century. He died in 1016. (PROSE: The Immortals [+]Loading...["The Immortals (short story)"])
At some point in the 11th century, the throne passed to the Danes. Cnut, the ruler of Denmark and uncle of future King Harold Godwinson, (PROSE: The Real Hereward [+]Loading...["The Real Hereward (short story)"]) also reigned as King of England for a time. (AUDIO: Invaders from Mars [+]Loading...["Invaders from Mars (audio story)"])
Edward the Confessor was King of England from at least 1055 to the beginning of 1066. He had no children. He and his wife, Edith, had promised the throne to "everyone who wanted it", leading to peace during their reign and conflict after. (AUDIO: Seasons of Fear [+]Loading...["Seasons of Fear (audio story)"])
Harold Godwinson was crowned as the successor of Edward for some of 1066. The other claimants to the throne were Harald Hardrada and William of Normandy. In the Norman Conquest, Harold defeated Harald at the Battle of Stamford Bridge on 25 September. On 14 October, Harold and William clashed in the Battle of Hastings. During the battle, Harold was killed and William took over as King. (TV: Co-Owner of a Lonely Heart [+]Loading...["Co-Owner of a Lonely Heart (TV story)"]) The First Monk tried to aid the Saxon army with advanced technology but was defeated by the First Doctor. (TV: The Time Meddler [+]Loading...["The Time Meddler (TV story)"])
William was crowned on 25 December that year, (TV: Co-Owner of a Lonely Heart [+]Loading...["Co-Owner of a Lonely Heart (TV story)"]) and reigned until his death in 1087. (PROSE: Vampire Science [+]Loading...["Vampire Science (novel)"])
12th century[[edit] | [edit source]]
Richard I of England, called Richard the Lionheart, was King of England during the Crusades in the late 12th century. While he led his troops in the crusades, he worried that his younger brother John of England would usurp his throne back in England. Richard assisted the First Doctor and Ian Chesterton in rescuing Barbara Wright after her capture by Arabs. (TV: The Crusade [+]Loading...["The Crusade (TV story)"]) Whilst he was in the Holy Land, John ruled England in his stead. (TV: Invasion of the Dinosaurs [+]Loading...["Invasion of the Dinosaurs (TV story)"])
In 1199, Richard died and John became King in his own right. (PROSE: A History of Humankind [+]Loading...["A History of Humankind (novel)"])
13th century[[edit] | [edit source]]
While the real King John was in London taking the Crusader's Oath, the android Kamelion was being used in a plot by the Tremas Master to sabotage Earth history by preventing King John's signing of the Magna Carta, an event pivotal to the development of parliamentary democracy on that planet. This plot was foiled by the intervention of the Fifth Doctor. John ruled until at least 1215 (TV: The King's Demons [+]Loading...["The King's Demons (TV story)"]) and was succeeded by his son, Henry III. (PROSE: The King's Demons [+]Loading...["The King's Demons (novelisation)"])
14th century[[edit] | [edit source]]
In the late 14th century from at least the 1390s, Richard II was King. In 1399, he was deposed by a group of rebels led by Henry of Bolingbroke. Henry seized the throne, becoming Henry IV and Richard died in 1400 after having been imprisoned and denied food. Henry had a son that was born in 1386. (AUDIO: The Doctor's Tale [+]Loading...["The Doctor's Tale (audio story)"])
15th century[[edit] | [edit source]]
Edward IV was the King into the 15th century and reigned during the War of the Roses. He was the husband of Elizabeth Woodville and brother of the future Richard III. He was also the father of the Princes in the Tower. After Edward's unexpected death, Edward V (one of the Princes in the Tower) was briefly king but Richard prevented him from being crowned. Richard then had Edward IV's marriage to Elizabeth declared illegitimate, as such so was Edward V. As next in line, Richard then claimed the throne for himself.
One source suggested that the Princes in the Tower were actually Edward IV's daughters, Susan and Judith. (AUDIO: The Kingmaker [+]Loading...["The Kingmaker (audio story)"])
Richard ruled England for two years before being succeeded by Henry Tudor after his defeat in the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. One source suggested that it was actually William Shakespeare that was killed in the battle and Richard replaced him in the 16th century. (AUDIO: The Kingmaker [+]Loading...["The Kingmaker (audio story)"], PROSE: Sometime Never... [+]Loading...["Sometime Never... (novel)"])
16th century[[edit] | [edit source]]
Henry Tudor (Henry VII) was the King of England until his death in 1509. (PROSE: Sometime Never... [+]Loading...["Sometime Never... (novel)"]) He married Elizabeth of York (daughter of Edward IV) to unite the warring Yorks and Tudors. They had four children: the future Henry VIII, Arthur Tudor, Margaret Tudor and Mary Tudor. (TV: The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo [+]Loading...["The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo (TV story)"])
Henry was succeeded by his son Henry VIII. He reigned from 1509 to 1547. He had six wives and three children, all of whom succeeded him as monarchs. (TV: The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo [+]Loading...["The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo (TV story)"])
Henry's immediate successor was Edward VI who was a Protestant (AUDIO: The Marian Conspiracy [+]Loading...["The Marian Conspiracy (audio story)"]) and reigned from 1547 to his death in 1553 at age 15. (TV: The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo [+]Loading...["The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo (TV story)"])
After the death of Edward VI, Jane Grey became queen at sixteen years as her father wished, although she never wanted to rule. She ruled for nine days from 10 to 19 July. On 19 July, she met Rani Chandra, a traveller from 2010, on the ninth and final day of her reign. (TV: Lost in Time [+]Loading...["Lost in Time (TV story)"])
Mary I had claimed the throne and proclaimed her a traitor, intending to sentence her to death. (TV: Lost in Time [+]Loading...["Lost in Time (TV story)"]) Mary ruled from 1553 to her death in 1558. Her husband was Philip II of Spain, though they had no children. (AUDIO: The Marian Conspiracy [+]Loading...["The Marian Conspiracy (audio story)"])
Elizabeth I was the Queen of England, Ireland and Wales from 1558 to 1603 (PROSE: A History of Humankind [+]Loading...["A History of Humankind (novel)"], TV: The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo [+]Loading...["The Coach with the Dragon Tattoo (TV story)"]) and a spouse of the Tenth Doctor. (TV: The End of Time [+]Loading...["The End of Time (TV story)"], The Day of the Doctor [+]Loading...["The Day of the Doctor (TV story)"]) After the Doctor never returned to her, she met a younger version of his tenth incarnation following the premiere of Love's Labour's Won in 1599, and ordered his execution. (TV: The Shakespeare Code [+]Loading...["The Shakespeare Code (TV story)"])
17th century[[edit] | [edit source]]
After the death of Elizabeth I, the Scottish King James I inherited the English throne. From then onwards, both kingdoms were ruled by a single monarch. (GAME: The Gunpowder Plot [+]Loading...["The Gunpowder Plot (video game)"])
According to Barbara Wright, James' rule was characterised by relative religious tolerance. Though a staunch Protestant, he discouraged persecution of Catholics. Barbara claimed that he realised that "to govern well it made sense to unify people rather than drive them apart." (PROSE: The Plotters [+]Loading...["The Plotters (novel)"])
In spite of this, on 5 November 1605, Guy Fawkes and others attempted to blow up the Houses of Parliament and kill James I as part of a Catholic conspiracy which became known as the Gunpowder Plot. Their efforts were unsuccessful. Both the First and Eleventh Doctors were involved in these events. (PROSE: The Plotters [+]Loading...["The Plotters (novel)"], GAME: The Gunpowder Plot [+]Loading...["The Gunpowder Plot (video game)"])
James' rule ended upon his death in 1625. (PROSE: The Roundheads [+]Loading...["The Roundheads (novel)"])
James was succeeded by his son Charles I, who reigned during the English Civil War. The war was fought between his supporters, the Cavaliers, and the Roundheads. The Roundheads emerged victorious and he was executed on the orders of Oliver Cromwell on 30 January 1649.
After this, the monarchy was abolished and Cromwell served in the position of Lord Protector until his death in 1658. He banned Christmas. After his death, his son, Richard Cromwell became Lord Protector for only a few months. His rule was not very popular and earned him the nickname of "Tumbledown Dick".
In 1660, the son of Charles, Charles II, became king after Parliament invited him to take the throne. (PROSE: The Roundheads [+]Loading...["The Roundheads (novel)"])
Charles II, himself a Protestant, blamed the English Catholics for the Great Fire of London on 2 September 1666. (AUDIO: The Glorious Revolution [+]Loading...["The Glorious Revolution (audio story)"]) In actuality, it was started when a Terileptil weapon overloaded in a building on Pudding Lane. The Fifth Doctor played a major role in causing the fire. (TV: The Visitation [+]Loading...["The Visitation (TV story)"])
The Fourth Doctor told Sarah Jane Smith that he met Charles II before he became king. At the time, he was on the run from the Roundheads and the Doctor helped him to hide in an old oak tree. (PROSE: The Republican's Story [+]Loading...["The Republican's Story (short story)"])
Upon his death in 1685, he was succeeded by his Catholic younger brother James II. In November 1688, his reign was brought to an end by the Glorious Revolution when he was overthrown by William of Orange. Its less immediate consequences included the Jacobite Risings which culminated in the Battle of Culloden on 16 April 1746. William ruled jointly with his wife, Mary II, who was also the daughter of James II. (AUDIO: The Glorious Revolution [+]Loading...["The Glorious Revolution (audio story)"])
18th century[[edit] | [edit source]]
William of Orange died on 8 March 1702 — at least according to a newspaper that the Fifth Doctor and Turlough read. His death caused ordinary English subjects to toast the health of the heir-apparent, Princess Anne. (AUDIO: Phantasmagoria [+]Loading...["Phantasmagoria (audio story)"]) She ruled until 1714. (AUDIO: Doctor Who and the Pirates [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Pirates (audio story)"])
King George I of England was from Hanover, Germany. The Second Doctor took up his German guise and said he spoke better English than the King. (TV: The Highlanders [+]Loading...["The Highlanders (TV story)"])
George II was King of England in 1746. The Redcoats fought for him. (TV: The Highlanders [+]Loading...["The Highlanders (TV story)"]) During the Jacobite Rising of 1745, the Glaswegians fought on side of King George II and the English. (PROSE: The Wheel of Ice [+]Loading...["The Wheel of Ice (novel)"])
George III was the King of the United Kingdom from 1760 to 1820. In 1774, he received the last mammoth in Europe as a gift from Catherine II of Russia. (PROSE: The Adventuress of Henrietta Street [+]Loading...["The Adventuress of Henrietta Street (novel)"], COMIC: Political Animals [+]Loading...["Political Animals (comic story)"])
19th century[[edit] | [edit source]]
William IV was the King of the United Kingdom until his death on 20 June 1837. He was succeeded by his niece, Victoria. (PROSE: The Time Traveller's Almanac [+]Loading...["The Time Traveller's Almanac (reference book)"])
Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India, Defender of the Faith, usually known as Queen Victoria, was a powerful and influential monarch on Earth in the 19th century. Victoria met the Doctor at least twice: once during her coronation in 1838, (TV: The Curse of Peladon [+]Loading...["The Curse of Peladon (TV story)"]) and in 1879 she shared an adventure with the Tenth Doctor. The latter encounter led her to banish the Doctor from her country and form the Torchwood Institute, as the British Empire's defence against the dark forces with which the Doctor seemed to consort. (TV: Tooth and Claw [+]Loading...["Tooth and Claw (TV story)"])
20th century[[edit] | [edit source]]
Edward VII succeeded his mother, Victoria and was king by 1902. He was succeeded by his son, George V. (PROSE: Revenge of the Judoon [+]Loading...["Revenge of the Judoon (novel)"])
George V died in 1936 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Edward VIII. Edward VIII was King of the United Kingdom for most of 1936. He chose to abdicate on 10 December before marrying the twice-divorced American Wallis Simpson. Afterwards, his younger brother, George VI was his successor. George VI was king from 1936 to 1952 and was the monarch during World War II. He was succeeded by his daughter. (PROSE: Players [+]Loading...["Players (novel)"])
Elizabeth II was crowned on 2 June 1953, (TV: The Idiot's Lantern [+]Loading...["The Idiot's Lantern (TV story)"]) and served well into the 21st century. (TV: Voyage of the Damned [+]Loading...["Voyage of the Damned (TV story)"])
The alien Wire attempted to take the energy from the millions of humans watching her 1953 Coronation on their televisions. However, the Tenth Doctor foiled the Wire's plans. (TV: The Idiot's Lantern [+]Loading...["The Idiot's Lantern (TV story)"])
Students at Brendon Public School (as well as the rest of Great Britain), where the Brigadier taught, celebrated the silver anniversary of Elizabeth II's coronation in 1977. (TV: Mawdryn Undead [+]Loading...["Mawdryn Undead (TV story)"])
In 1988, her path almost crossed that of the Seventh Doctor (who almost but not quite recognised her) at Windsor Castle as she walked her pet corgis about the grounds. (TV: Silver Nemesis [+]Loading...["Silver Nemesis (TV story)"])
Elizabeth II was concurrently the Queen of Australia, a situation with which not all Australians were satisfied. The Fourth and Fifth Doctor's companion Tegan Jovanka, who described herself as "downright Bolshie," favoured her country's transition from a constitutional monarchy to a republic. (AUDIO: The Children of Seth [+]Loading...["The Children of Seth (audio story)"])
21st century[[edit] | [edit source]]
On Christmas Day 2006, the blood control powers of the Sycorax (operating out of a ship hovering over London) threatened to make Elizabeth II, as well as the rest of the British Royal Family, jump off a roof and kill themselves. (TV: The Christmas Invasion [+]Loading...["The Christmas Invasion (TV story)"])
Due to the Sycorax invasion and the "Christmas Star" incident occurring on consecutive Christmases in London, most of the city's residents fled during Christmas 2008. The Queen staunchly decided to remain in Buckingham Palace. On Christmas Day, the alien Titanic almost crashed into Buckingham Palace; the Tenth Doctor telephoned the Palace and spoke a pre-arranged code number that resulted in the immediate evacuation of the Queen and her staff, but at the last moment he was able to pull the ship up above the palace. The Queen thanked the Doctor by name. (TV: Voyage of the Damned [+]Loading...["Voyage of the Damned (TV story)"])
At Easter in approximately the 2000s,[nb 1] the Tenth Doctor left his TARDIS in Buckingham Palace gardens, telling Captain Erisa Magambo that the Queen did not mind. (TV: Planet of the Dead [+]Loading...["Planet of the Dead (TV story)"])
Various accounts have Britain ruled by a king in 1997, (TV: Battlefield [+]Loading...["Battlefield (TV story)"]) the 2000s, (AUDIO: The Longest Night [+]Loading...["The Longest Night (audio story)"]) and July 2012. (PROSE: The Shadows of Avalon [+]Loading...["The Shadows of Avalon (novel)"]) Whatever the date, Queen Elizabeth was eventually succeeded by Charles III, along with his Queen, Camilla. Charles himself was succeeded by William V. (PROSE: Revenge of the Judoon [+]Loading...["Revenge of the Judoon (novel)"])
In 2050, when the British government was controlled by Lomax, a Korven from the far future, Britain was ruled by a King. An Oroborus arrived on Earth around his birthday, causing time distortions which meant that some people complained about missing the King's birthday message, and others saw it twice. (TV: Oroborus [+]Loading...["Oroborus (TV story)"])
Henry XII was the king sometime prior to the 29th century. The Doctor was a "drinking buddy" of his. (TV: The Beast Below [+]Loading...["The Beast Below (TV story)"])
22nd century[[edit] | [edit source]]
In 2161, during the Dalek occupation, the last monarch of Britain died. In 2199, Lord Haldoran planned to become the first monarch of Britain in thirty-eight years. (PROSE: Legacy of the Daleks [+]Loading...["Legacy of the Daleks (novel)"])
33rd century[[edit] | [edit source]]
During the 3290s, Elizabeth X of the United Kingdom, (also known as Liz Ten) was the Queen Regnant of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Having been made immortal (or near-immortal), she lived for centuries, (TV: The Beast Below [+]Loading...["The Beast Below (TV story)"]) reigning until at least the 52nd century. In 5145, Liz Ten caught River Song attempting to steal Vincent van Gogh's painting, The Pandorica Opens. After holding River at gunpoint, she saw the painting and learned for whom it was meant before letting her go. (TV: The Pandorica Opens [+]Loading...["The Pandorica Opens (TV story)"])
Far future[[edit] | [edit source]]
At some point, the British monarchy was deposed and the last monarch was executed. Footage of that event could be viewed through the Gogglebox located on the Moon. (AUDIO: The Reaping [+]Loading...["The Reaping (audio story)"])
Other realities[[edit] | [edit source]]
Alternate timelines[[edit] | [edit source]]
In an alternate timeline[which?] accidentally created by Jamie McCrimmon, the Glorious Revolution was a failure and James II retained the throne until his death. Consequently, the Jacobite Risings and the Battle of Culloden never took place. James II's grandson, Charles Edward Stuart, better known as Bonnie Prince Charlie, eventually ascended the throne as King Charles III. He was still the reigning monarch in 1788. (AUDIO: The Glorious Revolution [+]Loading...["The Glorious Revolution (audio story)"]) In the timeline familiar to the Doctor, Charles III was the name taken by the successor of Queen Elizabeth II in the 21st century. (PROSE: Revenge of the Judoon [+]Loading...["Revenge of the Judoon (novel)"])
In an alternate timeline[which?] in which Germany won World War II, Edward VIII was restored to the throne with Wallis as his Queen in 1940. He signed a treaty which established Great Britain as a protectorate of the German Reich. (PROSE: Timewyrm: Exodus [+]Loading...["Timewyrm: Exodus (novel)"])
Parallel universes[[edit] | [edit source]]
In a parallel universe, the Royal Family were executed in 1943. (TV: Inferno [+]Loading...["Inferno (TV story)"]) It was implied they were implicated in the 1936 assassination of Oswald Mosley. (PROSE: I, Alastair [+]Loading...["I, Alastair (novel)"])
Edward IX was King of England in a more technologically advanced parallel universe. (COMIC: Who's Who? [+]Loading...["Who's Who? (comic story)"])
In Arthur's World, a parallel universe, Arthur was King of England in the 8th century. (TV: Battlefield [+]Loading...["Battlefield (TV story)"])
In the fourth parallel universe that Rose Tyler visited in her quest to return to the Doctor's universe, an unnamed King was the head of the British monarchy. (AUDIO: The Last Party on Earth [+]Loading...["The Last Party on Earth (audio story)"])
Unclear[[edit] | [edit source]]
In a parallel world, the starship Titanic did hit Buckingham Palace and caused a nuclear explosion. (TV: Turn Left [+]Loading...["Turn Left (TV story)"])
Behind the scenes[[edit] | [edit source]]
Torchwood website[[edit] | [edit source]]
This is a valid source.
On the series 1 version of the Torchwood website, a case file outlined the fall of Torchwood One. It suggested after a massive loss in life and technology, that it was recommended to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II for "the immediate closure of Torchwood One, together with the formation of a steering committee to fully examine future options." [1]
Other matters[[edit] | [edit source]]
In the real world, Queen Elizabeth II was succeeded by King Charles III in 2022, 14 years after the release of Revenge of the Judoon, 17 years after The Longest Night, 22 years after The Shadows of Avalon, and 33 years after Battlefield.
Footnotes[[edit] | [edit source]]
Notes[[edit] | [edit source]]
- ↑ Both Planet of the Dead and The End of Time are referred to in dialogue as taking place after the end of Journey's End, which is set in either 2008, according to TV: The Fires of Pompeii, TV: The Waters of Mars, and AUDIO: SOS, or six weeks after the middle of May 2009, circa June, according to PROSE: Beautiful Chaos. However, the year of Planet of the Dead is unspecified, as is whether or not it is intended to be the Easter immediately after Journey's End.
Citations[[edit] | [edit source]]
- ↑ Report: Closure of Torchwood One. Torchwood website. Archived from the original on 26 August 2007. Retrieved on 25 July 2013.
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