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'''China''', the oldest and most populous nation on [[Earth]] by the [[20th century]] ([[TV]]: ''[[Four to Doomsday (TV story)|Four to Doomsday]]'') | |image = Chinese Army's Extreme Makeover.jpg | ||
|aka = Zhongguo, Middle Kingdom, Cathay | |||
|type = [[Nation]] | |||
|location = [[Asia]] | |||
|first = Marco Polo (TV story) | |||
|appearances = {{appears}} | |||
}}{{counterparts |name=China|2=Sontar (nation)|d2=''War of the Sontarans''}} | |||
'''China''', also known as '''Zhongguo''', the '''Middle Kingdom''', ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow of Weng-Chiang (novel)|The Shadow of Weng-Chiang]]'') and '''Cathay''', ([[TV]]: ''[[Marco Polo (TV story)|Marco Polo]]'') and officially known as the '''People's Republic of China''', ([[TV]]: ''[[Children of Earth: Day Three (TV story)|Children of Earth: Day Three]]'') was the oldest and most populous nation on [[Earth]] by the [[20th century]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[Four to Doomsday (TV story)|Four to Doomsday]]'') It was located on the continent of [[Asia]]. Its capital [[city]] was [[Beijing]], also known as Peking. | |||
== Geography == | |||
Cities in China included [[Fuzhou]], [[Hangzhou]], [[Nanjing]], [[Ningbo]], [[Shanghai]] and [[Wenzhou]]. [[Tai Lake]] was also located there. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Gathering (TV story)|The Gathering]]'') | |||
== Fauna == | |||
The [[Chinese three-striped box turtle]] lived in China as well as [[Vietnam]] prior to its [[extinction]] in [[2062]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Last Dodo (novel)|The Last Dodo]]'') | |||
== Languages == | == Languages == | ||
Many languages were spoken in China, such as [[Mandarin]], which was the most prominent language on [[Earth]] in the [[21st century]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[Children of Earth: Day One (TV story)|Children of Earth: Day One]]'') The | Many [[Chinese language|languages]] were spoken in China, such as [[Mandarin]], which was the most prominent language on [[Earth]] in the [[21st century]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[Children of Earth: Day One (TV story)|Children of Earth: Day One]]'') Other dialects included [[Cantonese]], [[Hokkien]], [[Manchu]] and [[Wu dialect|Wu]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Mind of Evil (TV story)|The Mind of Evil]], [[The Gathering (TV story)|The Gathering]]''; [[AUDIO]]: ''[[Sympathy for the Devil (audio story)|Sympathy for the Devil]]'') | ||
== Time zone == | |||
China's [[time zone]] was five [[hour]]s ahead of [[Moscow]], seven hours ahead of [[France]] and eight hours ahead of [[GMT]], the time zone of the [[United Kingdom]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Sontaran Stratagem (TV story)|The Sontaran Stratagem]]'') | |||
== The Doctor and China == | |||
[[The Doctor]] visited China several times at various points throughout its history. ([[TV]]: ''[[Marco Polo (TV story)|Marco Polo]]'' et al.) | |||
The [[Third Doctor]] was once heard to speak in both Cantonese and Hokkien. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Mind of Evil (TV story)|The Mind of Evil]]'') In his [[Fourth Doctor|fourth incarnation]], the Doctor claimed that he could speak all Chinese dialects including Mandarin and Cantonese. By that point in his [[The Doctor's age|life]], he hadn't visited China in four hundred years. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Talons of Weng-Chiang (TV story)|The Talons of Weng-Chiang]]'') The [[Eleventh Doctor]] would later write a message in Chinese script. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Angels Take Manhattan (TV story)|The Angels Take Manhattan]]'') | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
=== Early history === | === Early history === | ||
''Circa'' 5519 [[BC]], [[Monarch]] abducted [[Lin Futu]] and other natives of China. ([[TV]]: ''[[Four to Doomsday (TV story)|Four to Doomsday]]'') | China was originally known as the Middle Kingdom. The word "China" originally meant "[[perfume]]d [[garden]]". The word eventually came to be associated with the Middle Kingdom. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow of Weng-Chiang (novel)|The Shadow of Weng-Chiang]]'') | ||
''Circa'' 5519 [[BC]], [[Monarch (Four to Doomsday)|Monarch]] abducted [[Lin Futu]] and other natives of China. ([[TV]]: ''[[Four to Doomsday (TV story)|Four to Doomsday]]'') | |||
From the 18th to the 12th century BC, the [[Shang Dynasty]] reigned in China. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Universal Databank (reference book)}}) | |||
Prior to the unification of China and the reign of [[Qin Shi Huang]], bands of Chinese dacoity lived in the mountains of [[Sichuan]]. They committed acts of banditry on behalf of their [[god]] [[Weng-Chiang]], an ethnic corruption of Sung-Chiang, the god of [[Thief|thieves]] and [[criminal]]s. These groups were the ancient forebears to the [[Tong of the Black Scorpion]]. | |||
In the 3rd century B.C., Qin Shi Huang unified China under [[Chinese Empire|one empire]], of which he became the first [[Emperor]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow of Weng-Chiang (novel)|The Shadow of Weng-Chiang]]'') The [[capital]], at this time, was in [[Xian]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Marco Polo (novelisation)|Marco Polo]]'') | |||
In 221 BC, the [[Eleventh Doctor]] and [[Amy Pond]] visited the early-[[Qin dynasty]] to leave a message for [[River Song]] on a [[vase]]. The message was the expression, "Yowza", written in [[Chinese language|period Chinese script]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Angels Take Manhattan (TV story)|The Angels Take Manhattan]]'') | |||
In | In 210 B.C., the [[Second Doctor]], [[Jamie McCrimmon]] and [[Victoria Waterfield]] encountered Qin Shi Huang. ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[The Emperor of Eternity (audio story)|The Emperor of Eternity]]'') Qin Shi Huang later [[Death|died]] from from [[obesity]] and heavy [[metal]] [[poison]]ing from eating powdered [[jade]], [[Mercury (element)|mercury]] and [[gold]] dust intended to make him live longer. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Eleventh Tiger (novel)|The Eleventh Tiger]]'') | ||
One of the ships used by the [[Eternal]]s in their contest for [[Enlightenment]] was a Chinese ship crewed by Chinese sailors from the | One of the ships used by the [[Eternal]]s in their contest for [[Enlightenment]] was a Chinese ship crewed by Chinese sailors from the Qin dynasty. ([[TV]]: ''[[Enlightenment (TV story)|Enlightenment]]'') | ||
=== 13th century === | === 13th century === | ||
The [[Venice|Venetian]] [[Marco Polo]] travelled throughout China (then called Cathay) as the then-emperor [[Kublai|Kublai Khan]] would not permit him to return home. In [[1289]], the [[First Doctor]], [[Ian Chesterton]], [[Barbara Wright]] and [[Susan Foreman]] travelled hundreds of miles to Kublai's palace in [[Peking]]. Polo planned to give [[The Doctor's TARDIS|the TARDIS]] to Kublai Khan, but eventually allowed the Doctor and his [[companion]]s to escape. ([[TV]]: ''[[Marco Polo (TV story)|Marco Polo]]'') | [[File:The Travels of Marco Polo.png|thumb|right|The journey taken by [[Marco Polo]], the [[First Doctor]] and company across Cathay, from the [[Plain of Pamir]] to [[Shang-Tu]]. ([[GRAPHIC]]: "[[The Doctor: His Lives and Times|The Travels of Marco Polo]]"]] | ||
The [[Venice|Venetian]] [[Marco Polo]] travelled throughout China (then called Cathay) as the then-emperor [[Kublai|Kublai Khan]] would not permit him to return home. In [[1289]], the [[First Doctor]], [[Ian Chesterton]], [[Barbara Wright]] and [[Susan Foreman]] travelled hundreds of miles to Kublai's palace in [[Peking]]. Polo planned to give [[The Doctor's TARDIS|the TARDIS]] to Kublai Khan, but eventually allowed the Doctor and his [[companion]]s to escape. ([[TV]]: ''[[Marco Polo (TV story)|Marco Polo]]'') The journey lasted several months. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Nightshade (novel)|Nightshade]]''; [[AUDIO]]: ''[[1963: The Space Race (audio story)|1963: The Space Race]]'') | |||
While closely pursued by guards, [[Amy Pond]] and [[Rory Williams]] brought Chinese food from the [[Liao Palace]] to the TARDIS. ([[GAME]]: ''[[The Gunpowder Plot (video game)|The Gunpowder Plot]]'') | While closely pursued by guards, [[Amy Pond]] and [[Rory Williams]] brought Chinese food from the [[Liao Palace]] to the TARDIS. ([[GAME]]: ''[[The Gunpowder Plot (video game)|The Gunpowder Plot]]'') | ||
Though he was not the first [[Europe]]an to visit China, Marco Polo was the first to write a detailed account of his [[experience]]s there, and ''[[The Travels of Marco Polo]]'' was published in "about" [[1300]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|A History of Humankind (novel)}}) | |||
=== 16th century === | |||
On [[1522]], the Fourth Doctor and [[K9 Mark II|K9]] worked to stop a [[Sontaran]] plot to murder the Emperor for a quartz crystal. ([[COMIC]]: ''[[Dragon's Claw (comic story)|Dragon's Claw]]'') | |||
=== 17th century === | |||
In the [[17th century]], the [[Manchu dynasty]] usurped the empire from the [[Ming dynasty]]. To resist the Manchus, several old Hung secret societies re-formed. They eventually evolved into the [[Tongs]] and Triads, including the Black Scorpion. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow of Weng-Chiang (novel)|The Shadow of Weng-Chiang]]'') | |||
=== 18th century === | |||
In the [[18th century]], the [[United Kingdom|British]] established a lucrative [[opium]] trade in China. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Foreign Devils (novel)|Foreign Devils]]'') | |||
=== 19th century === | === 19th century === | ||
In [[December]] [[1800]], riots orchestrated by the Chinese Emperor and his [[Chief Astrologer]] broke out in [[Canton]] against the [[British Trade Concession]] in an attempt to obstruct the British opium trade. The Second Doctor, Jamie and Zoe visited China at this time. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Foreign Devils (novel)|Foreign Devils]]'') | |||
Prior to the [[1860s]], China fought [[United Kingdom|Britain]] and [[France]] in the [[Opium Wars]] ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Eleventh Tiger (novel)|The Eleventh Tiger]]'') which led to the fall of the [[Chinese Empire]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Nightmare Fair (novelisation)|The Nightmare Fair]]'', [[AUDIO]]: ''[[The Nightmare Fair (audio story)|The Nightmare Fair]]'') | |||
In [[1865]], the First Doctor, Ian, Barbara and [[Vicki Pallister]] visited China where they encountered the [[Wong Kei-Ying]] and [[Wong Fei-Hung]] who helped them defeat the [[Mandragora Helix]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Eleventh Tiger (novel)|The Eleventh Tiger]]'') | |||
In | In [[1872]], [[Magnus Greel]]'s [[51st century]] [[time cabinet]] landed in the [[Jade Emperor]] Temple in [[Shangdong]] province. [[Li H'sen Chang]] found Greel and, believing him to be the god [[Weng-Chiang]], became his devoted follower. The cabinet was seized by Emperor [[Tongzhi]]'s [[army]]. In [[1873]], [[George Litefoot|Professor George Litefoot]]'s family departed China after [[George Litefoot's father|his father]] had died. As a going-away present, Emperor Tongzhi gave [[George Litefoot's mother|Litefoot's mother]] a [[puzzle box]] which turned out to be Greel's time cabinet. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Talons of Weng-Chiang (TV story)|The Talons of Weng-Chiang]]'', [[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow of Weng-Chiang (novel)|The Shadow of Weng-Chiang]]'') | ||
=== 20th century === | === 20th century === | ||
Captain [[Jack Harkness]] was active in China during the [[Boxer Rebellion]], where he worked with explosives. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Blood Line (TV story)|The Blood Line]]'') The [[First Doctor]] and his granddaughter [[Susan Foreman]] visited Peking during the rebellion and used smoke bombs to escape. ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[The Flames of Cadiz (audio story)|The Flames of Cadiz]]'') | |||
In [[1911]], [[Sun Yat Sen]] led an [[alliance]] of Nationalist warlords in a [[1911 revolution|revolution]] which overthrew the boy Emperor [[Pu Yi]]. The alliance formed into the [[Kuomintang]] which became the governing party of China. | |||
[[Chiang Kai-shek]] became leader of the Kuomintang and made efforts to suppress the growing [[Communism|communist]] movement in China fostered by the [[Soviet Union|USSR]] in the north. The communists were successfully driven to the [[mountain]]s of north and central China, bordering [[Mongolia]]. However, unable to dislodge them further, [[Chinese Civil War|the struggle]] devolved into a [[stalemate]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow of Weng-Chiang (novel)|The Shadow of Weng-Chiang]]'') | |||
On [[27 July]] [[1928]], the [[Fifth Doctor]], [[Tegan Jovanka]] and [[Vislor Turlough|Turlough]] met [[Edward Grainger]] near [[Mount Lishan]] in China. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Falling from Xi'an (short story)|Falling from Xi'an]]'') | |||
In [[1931]], [[Japan]] [[invasion of Manchuria|invaded]] the province of [[Manchuria]] in north-east China and established the [[Puppet government|puppet state]] of Manchukuo. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow of Weng-Chiang (novel)|The Shadow of Weng-Chiang]]'') The occupying [[Kwantung Army]] set the Chinese peasants in the region to work constructing [[Zhong Ma]] Fortress, where the young military [[scientist]] [[Ishii Shiro]] led experiments in [[biological warfare]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Log 384 (short story)|Log 384]]'') Disputes between China and Japan over Manchuria/Manchukuo persisted through the middle of [[1930s|the decade]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Year of Intelligent Tigers (novel)|The Year of Intelligent Tigers]]'') | |||
In [[1932]], the [[Japanese occupation of Shanghai|Chinese and Japanese clashed]] in [[Shanghai]]. The intervention of western powers seeking to protect their trade centres in the city defused the situation. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow of Weng-Chiang (novel)|The Shadow of Weng-Chiang]]'') | |||
In [[1933]], the [[Seventh Doctor]] and [[Edward Grainger]] went on a mission to occupied Manchuria to save [[Mai Ling]] from the Zhong Ma Fortress. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Log 384 (short story)|Log 384]]'') | |||
Fighting occurred between the Chinese and Japanese forces in [[1936]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the War Games (novelisation)|Doctor Who and the War Games]]'') In [[July]] [[1937]], the Japanese Army, which had agitated for further expansion into China beyond Manchuria, [[Marco Polo Bridge Incident|engineered a fight]] against the Chinese forces at [[Marco Polo Bridge]]. This sparked [[Second Sino-Japanese War|war between the two nations]]. Shortly after, the Japanese began launching air raids against Shanghai and KMT troops trains moving Chinese soldiers to the front lines in Shangdong. | |||
In [[ | In [[August]] 1937, the [[Fourth Doctor]] and [[Romana I]] visited China, where [[Hsien-Ko]] was attempting to prevent the death of Magnus Greel. | ||
In [[ | The Japanese eventually moved into Shanghai. | ||
In [[1941]], a group of [[Alpha Centauran]]s became stranded in Shanghai. [[The Doctor]], "a couple of centuries" before his fourth incarnation, assisted them. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[The Shadow of Weng-Chiang (novel)|The Shadow of Weng-Chiang]]'') | |||
The experiments conducted in Zhong Ma Fortress and its successor, [[Unit 731]], produced [[biological weapon]]s which the Japanese used to devastating effect in China before they surrendered to the [[United States of America|Americans]] in [[1945]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Log 384 (short story)|Log 384]]'') | |||
By [[1951]], the Communists had won control of China from the Kuomintang. The country took part in the [[Korean War]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Endgame (novel)|Endgame]]'') | |||
In [[1967]], [[Fitz Kreiner]] was taken to China by [[Red Army]] soldiers. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Revolution Man (novel)|Revolution Man]]'') | In [[1967]], [[Fitz Kreiner]] was taken to China by [[Red Army]] soldiers. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Revolution Man (novel)|Revolution Man]]'') | ||
In the [[1970s]], China sent General [[Cheng Teik]] as a delegate to the first [[World Peace Conference]] in [[London]]. He was killed by his aide, [[Chin Lee]], who was under the control of {{Delgado}}. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Mind of Evil (TV story)|The Mind of Evil]]'') | During the [[Cold War]] in the late [[20th century]], China was counted as one of the [[superpower]]s alongside [[Russia]] and [[America]]. At one point, to avoid warfare, all three superpowers gave their [[destructor code]]s to [[Great Britain]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[Robot (TV story)|Robot]]'') | ||
In the [[1970s]], China sent General [[Cheng Teik]] as a delegate to the first [[World Peace Conference]] in [[London]]. He was killed by his aide, [[Chin Lee]], who was under the control of {{Delgado}}. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Mind of Evil (TV story)|The Mind of Evil]]'') A "[[quarrel]]" between the three powers concerning a [[sphere of influence]] flared up in the [[Near East]], becoming known as the [[Near East Crisis]], which threatened to bring about [[World War III]] before being settled by a [[World Peace Conference]]. China was very reluctant to participate in the second World Peace Conference until persuaded by Sir [[Reginald Styles]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Day of the Daleks (novelisation)}}, [[TV]]: {{cs|Day of the Daleks (TV story)}}) | |||
At one point, to avoid warfare, all three superpowers gave their [[destructor code]]s to [[Great Britain]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[Robot (TV story)|Robot]]'') | |||
In [[ | In [[1979]], China invaded [[Vietnam]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[Tooth and Claw (TV story)|Tooth and Claw]]'') | ||
In [[ | In [[1997]], China gained sovereignty over [[Hong Kong]]. In advance of this, agents of China's Public Security Bureau created the fake Tao Te Lung triad to lure in potential kingpins and neutralise them. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Bullet Time (novel)|Bullet Time]]'') In a parallel universe, China also gained sovereignty over Hong Kong at this time. ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[Sympathy for the Devil (audio story)|Sympathy for the Devil]]'') | ||
In [[1998]], [[the Three Families]] discovered that [[the Blessing]] passed through [[Shanghai]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Blood Line (TV story)|The Blood Line]]'') | |||
=== 21st century === | === 21st century === | ||
By the | By [[2007]], [[H.C. Clements]] had an office in China. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Runaway Bride (TV story)|The Runaway Bride]]'') | ||
By the [[2000s]],{{note|The present day of ''[[Doctor Who]]''{{'}}s [[Series 4 (Doctor Who 2005)|fourth series]] is [[Aliens of London dating controversy|not consistently dated]], with [[TV]]: ''[[The Fires of Pompeii (TV story)|The Fires of Pompeii]]'', [[TV]]: ''[[The Waters of Mars (TV story)|The Waters of Mars]]'', and [[AUDIO]]: ''[[SOS (audio story)|SOS]]'' setting the present of the 13 regular episodes in [[2008]] (heavily implied by [[TV]]: ''[[The Star Beast (TV story)|The Star Beast]]'' and [[TV]]: ''[[The Giggle (TV story)|The Giggle]]'' as well), and [[PROSE]]: ''[[Beautiful Chaos (novel)|Beautiful Chaos]]'' setting them in about [[April]] to [[June]] [[2009]].}} China was part of the worldwide nuclear grid overseen by [[UNIT]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Poison Sky (TV story)|The Poison Sky]]'') [[Osterhagen Station 5]] was located there. ([[TV]]: ''[[Journey's End (TV story)|Journey's End]]'') | |||
In [[2009]], the People's Republic of China was among the nations which agreed to let [[John Frobisher]] speak on their behalf to [[the 456]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[Children of Earth: Day Three (TV story)|Children of Earth: Day Three]]'') | |||
On [[Christmas Day]] in or around the 2000s, when {{Simm}} used the [[Immortality Gate]], all 2.5 million soldiers of the Chinese [[Central Military Commission]] became [[Master Race|duplicates]] of him. ([[TV]]: ''[[The End of Time (TV story)|The End of Time]]'') | |||
During the [[Miracle Day]] phenomenon in [[2011]], [[contraceptive]]s were placed in the [[water]] supply of [[mainland China]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[Dead of Night (TV story)|Dead of Night]]'') China dropped out of the [[United Nations]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Gathering (TV story)|The Gathering]]'') | |||
During [[the Year of the Slow Invasion]], [[Shakri cube]]s were reported in China. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Power of Three (TV story)|The Power of Three]]'') | |||
In [[2020]], the country sent the [[Long March 5B]] into space to explore the [[Ratt]]s' [[Transit Station]] that was orbiting the Earth. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[At Childhood's End (novel)|At Childhood's End]]'') | |||
In [[2021]], the [[Seventh Doctor]] noted that China "pretty much [ran]" [[the Moon]]. ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[The Harvest (audio story)|The Harvest]]'') | |||
In [[2048]], China was taken over by [[Hong Kong]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[St Anthony's Fire (novel)|St Anthony's Fire]]'') | In [[2048]], China was taken over by [[Hong Kong]]. ([[PROSE]]: ''[[St Anthony's Fire (novel)|St Anthony's Fire]]'') | ||
Chinese scientist [[Chung Sen]] experimented with time travel. ([[TV]]: ''[[Invasion of the Dinosaurs (TV story)|Invasion of the Dinosaurs]]'') | === 22nd century === | ||
During the [[22nd century]] [[2150s Dalek invasion of Earth|Dalek occupation]] of [[Earth]], a [[human]] resistance movement was formed in China, but was crushed by the [[Dalek]]s within days. ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[Masters of Earth (audio story)|Masters of Earth]]'') | |||
=== Undated events === | |||
At some point after the [[1970s]], Chinese scientist [[Chung Sen]] experimented with [[time travel]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[Invasion of the Dinosaurs (TV story)|Invasion of the Dinosaurs]]'') | |||
=== Other realities === | |||
==== Alternative timelines ==== | |||
In [[Roma I]], [[Chinese Empire|Seres]] was ruled by the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] and [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] dynasties. Emperor [[Yung Lo]] built a formidable navy and waged a 28-year-long [[world war]] against the [[Roman Empire]]. This ended when Yung Lo and [[Caesar|Roman Emperor]] [[Cosimo]] met on the [[Great Wall of Cathay|Great Wall]] and agreed to a [[coin toss]]. Cosimo won the game and became ruler of both empires; in [[Roma III]], the Seres won, but decamped to [[Rome]] and "togafied." ([[PROSE]]: ''[[Warlords of Utopia (novel)|Warlords of Utopia]]'') | |||
In [[the Year That Never Was]], [[Martha Jones]] claimed to have gone to [[Beijing]] to collect one of the vials of liquid needed to arm the gun she was allegedly preparing to kill {{Simm}} with. ([[TV]]: ''[[Last of the Time Lords (TV story)|Last of the Time Lords]]'') | |||
In an [[Alternate timeline (War of the Sontarans)|alternate timeline]] created by the [[Sontaran]]s during their [[The Flux|Flux]] assault, [[Russia]] and China were replaced by [[Sontar (nation)|Sontar]]. During the [[Crimean War (War of the Sontarans)|alternate version]] of the [[Crimean War]], the British fought against Sontarans. ([[TV]]: ''[[War of the Sontarans (TV story)|War of the Sontarans]]'') | |||
==== Parallel universes ==== | |||
In the [[Unbound Universe]], [[Unbound Master|the Master]] defected to China following the failed [[World Peace Conference]] after seeing more practical applications for the parasites that powered the [[Keller Machine]], constructing more for them and creating the [[Ke Le Division]]s to enforce security across China. By [[1997]], when [[Hong Kong (Unbound Universe)|Hong Kong]] was to be turned over to Chinese from the British, the Master's machines no longer functioned, due to the parasites being sated with the Master fleeing the Chinese. Seeking to wash their hands of everything, the Chinese destroyed the parasites via a [[nuclear weapon]], [[Unbound Doctor|the Doctor]] and [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart (Unbound Universe)|Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart]] depositing the last parasite onto the site. ([[AUDIO]]: ''[[Sympathy for the Devil (audio story)|Sympathy for the Devil]]'') | |||
==== Unclear ==== | |||
In [[parallel world (Turn Left)|a parallel world]], China was choked by the [[ATMOS]] [[gas]] before the [[Sontaran invasion of Earth]] was thwarted by the sacrifice of [[Torchwood Three (Turn Left)|Torchwood Three]]. ([[TV]]: ''[[Turn Left (TV story)|Turn Left]]'') | |||
== References == | |||
[[Clara Oswald]] had a travel guide to China in her collection. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Bells of Saint John (TV story)|The Bells of Saint John]]'') | |||
Senator [[Alcott]]'s worst [[fear]] was the Chinese. [[Chin Lee]] nearly had the [[Keller Machine]] kill him through this fear, but the [[Third Doctor]] stopped her. ([[TV]]: ''[[The Mind of Evil (TV story)|The Mind of Evil]]'') | |||
== Footnotes == | |||
{{Notelist}} | |||
{{Nations}} | |||
[[Category:China| *]] | [[Category:China| *]] | ||
[[Category:Nations from the real world]] | |||
[[Category:Nations visited by the First Doctor]] | |||
[[Category:Nations visited by the Second Doctor]] | |||
[[Category:Nations visited by the Fourth Doctor]] | |||
[[Category:Nations visited by the Fifth Doctor]] | |||
[[Category:Nations visited by the Seventh Doctor]] | |||
[[Category:Nations visited by the Tenth Doctor]] | |||
[[Category:Nations visited by the Eleventh Doctor]] | |||
[[Category:Fears]] | |||
[[Category:Nations visited by the Thirteenth Doctor]] | |||
[[Category:Monarchies]] | |||
[[Category:Parallel world (Turn Left)]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:35, 21 October 2024
China, also known as Zhongguo, the Middle Kingdom, (PROSE: The Shadow of Weng-Chiang) and Cathay, (TV: Marco Polo) and officially known as the People's Republic of China, (TV: Children of Earth: Day Three) was the oldest and most populous nation on Earth by the 20th century. (TV: Four to Doomsday) It was located on the continent of Asia. Its capital city was Beijing, also known as Peking.
Geography[[edit] | [edit source]]
Cities in China included Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo, Shanghai and Wenzhou. Tai Lake was also located there. (TV: The Gathering)
Fauna[[edit] | [edit source]]
The Chinese three-striped box turtle lived in China as well as Vietnam prior to its extinction in 2062. (PROSE: The Last Dodo)
Languages[[edit] | [edit source]]
Many languages were spoken in China, such as Mandarin, which was the most prominent language on Earth in the 21st century. (TV: Children of Earth: Day One) Other dialects included Cantonese, Hokkien, Manchu and Wu. (TV: The Mind of Evil, The Gathering; AUDIO: Sympathy for the Devil)
Time zone[[edit] | [edit source]]
China's time zone was five hours ahead of Moscow, seven hours ahead of France and eight hours ahead of GMT, the time zone of the United Kingdom. (TV: The Sontaran Stratagem)
The Doctor and China[[edit] | [edit source]]
The Doctor visited China several times at various points throughout its history. (TV: Marco Polo et al.)
The Third Doctor was once heard to speak in both Cantonese and Hokkien. (TV: The Mind of Evil) In his fourth incarnation, the Doctor claimed that he could speak all Chinese dialects including Mandarin and Cantonese. By that point in his life, he hadn't visited China in four hundred years. (TV: The Talons of Weng-Chiang) The Eleventh Doctor would later write a message in Chinese script. (TV: The Angels Take Manhattan)
History[[edit] | [edit source]]
Early history[[edit] | [edit source]]
China was originally known as the Middle Kingdom. The word "China" originally meant "perfumed garden". The word eventually came to be associated with the Middle Kingdom. (PROSE: The Shadow of Weng-Chiang)
Circa 5519 BC, Monarch abducted Lin Futu and other natives of China. (TV: Four to Doomsday)
From the 18th to the 12th century BC, the Shang Dynasty reigned in China. (PROSE: The Universal Databank [+]Loading...["The Universal Databank (reference book)"])
Prior to the unification of China and the reign of Qin Shi Huang, bands of Chinese dacoity lived in the mountains of Sichuan. They committed acts of banditry on behalf of their god Weng-Chiang, an ethnic corruption of Sung-Chiang, the god of thieves and criminals. These groups were the ancient forebears to the Tong of the Black Scorpion.
In the 3rd century B.C., Qin Shi Huang unified China under one empire, of which he became the first Emperor. (PROSE: The Shadow of Weng-Chiang) The capital, at this time, was in Xian. (PROSE: Marco Polo)
In 221 BC, the Eleventh Doctor and Amy Pond visited the early-Qin dynasty to leave a message for River Song on a vase. The message was the expression, "Yowza", written in period Chinese script. (TV: The Angels Take Manhattan)
In 210 B.C., the Second Doctor, Jamie McCrimmon and Victoria Waterfield encountered Qin Shi Huang. (AUDIO: The Emperor of Eternity) Qin Shi Huang later died from from obesity and heavy metal poisoning from eating powdered jade, mercury and gold dust intended to make him live longer. (PROSE: The Eleventh Tiger)
One of the ships used by the Eternals in their contest for Enlightenment was a Chinese ship crewed by Chinese sailors from the Qin dynasty. (TV: Enlightenment)
13th century[[edit] | [edit source]]
The Venetian Marco Polo travelled throughout China (then called Cathay) as the then-emperor Kublai Khan would not permit him to return home. In 1289, the First Doctor, Ian Chesterton, Barbara Wright and Susan Foreman travelled hundreds of miles to Kublai's palace in Peking. Polo planned to give the TARDIS to Kublai Khan, but eventually allowed the Doctor and his companions to escape. (TV: Marco Polo) The journey lasted several months. (PROSE: Nightshade; AUDIO: 1963: The Space Race)
While closely pursued by guards, Amy Pond and Rory Williams brought Chinese food from the Liao Palace to the TARDIS. (GAME: The Gunpowder Plot)
Though he was not the first European to visit China, Marco Polo was the first to write a detailed account of his experiences there, and The Travels of Marco Polo was published in "about" 1300. (PROSE: A History of Humankind [+]Loading...["A History of Humankind (novel)"])
16th century[[edit] | [edit source]]
On 1522, the Fourth Doctor and K9 worked to stop a Sontaran plot to murder the Emperor for a quartz crystal. (COMIC: Dragon's Claw)
17th century[[edit] | [edit source]]
In the 17th century, the Manchu dynasty usurped the empire from the Ming dynasty. To resist the Manchus, several old Hung secret societies re-formed. They eventually evolved into the Tongs and Triads, including the Black Scorpion. (PROSE: The Shadow of Weng-Chiang)
18th century[[edit] | [edit source]]
In the 18th century, the British established a lucrative opium trade in China. (PROSE: Foreign Devils)
19th century[[edit] | [edit source]]
In December 1800, riots orchestrated by the Chinese Emperor and his Chief Astrologer broke out in Canton against the British Trade Concession in an attempt to obstruct the British opium trade. The Second Doctor, Jamie and Zoe visited China at this time. (PROSE: Foreign Devils)
Prior to the 1860s, China fought Britain and France in the Opium Wars (PROSE: The Eleventh Tiger) which led to the fall of the Chinese Empire. (PROSE: The Nightmare Fair, AUDIO: The Nightmare Fair)
In 1865, the First Doctor, Ian, Barbara and Vicki Pallister visited China where they encountered the Wong Kei-Ying and Wong Fei-Hung who helped them defeat the Mandragora Helix. (PROSE: The Eleventh Tiger)
In 1872, Magnus Greel's 51st century time cabinet landed in the Jade Emperor Temple in Shangdong province. Li H'sen Chang found Greel and, believing him to be the god Weng-Chiang, became his devoted follower. The cabinet was seized by Emperor Tongzhi's army. In 1873, Professor George Litefoot's family departed China after his father had died. As a going-away present, Emperor Tongzhi gave Litefoot's mother a puzzle box which turned out to be Greel's time cabinet. (TV: The Talons of Weng-Chiang, PROSE: The Shadow of Weng-Chiang)
20th century[[edit] | [edit source]]
Captain Jack Harkness was active in China during the Boxer Rebellion, where he worked with explosives. (TV: The Blood Line) The First Doctor and his granddaughter Susan Foreman visited Peking during the rebellion and used smoke bombs to escape. (AUDIO: The Flames of Cadiz)
In 1911, Sun Yat Sen led an alliance of Nationalist warlords in a revolution which overthrew the boy Emperor Pu Yi. The alliance formed into the Kuomintang which became the governing party of China.
Chiang Kai-shek became leader of the Kuomintang and made efforts to suppress the growing communist movement in China fostered by the USSR in the north. The communists were successfully driven to the mountains of north and central China, bordering Mongolia. However, unable to dislodge them further, the struggle devolved into a stalemate. (PROSE: The Shadow of Weng-Chiang)
On 27 July 1928, the Fifth Doctor, Tegan Jovanka and Turlough met Edward Grainger near Mount Lishan in China. (PROSE: Falling from Xi'an)
In 1931, Japan invaded the province of Manchuria in north-east China and established the puppet state of Manchukuo. (PROSE: The Shadow of Weng-Chiang) The occupying Kwantung Army set the Chinese peasants in the region to work constructing Zhong Ma Fortress, where the young military scientist Ishii Shiro led experiments in biological warfare. (PROSE: Log 384) Disputes between China and Japan over Manchuria/Manchukuo persisted through the middle of the decade. (PROSE: The Year of Intelligent Tigers)
In 1932, the Chinese and Japanese clashed in Shanghai. The intervention of western powers seeking to protect their trade centres in the city defused the situation. (PROSE: The Shadow of Weng-Chiang)
In 1933, the Seventh Doctor and Edward Grainger went on a mission to occupied Manchuria to save Mai Ling from the Zhong Ma Fortress. (PROSE: Log 384)
Fighting occurred between the Chinese and Japanese forces in 1936. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the War Games) In July 1937, the Japanese Army, which had agitated for further expansion into China beyond Manchuria, engineered a fight against the Chinese forces at Marco Polo Bridge. This sparked war between the two nations. Shortly after, the Japanese began launching air raids against Shanghai and KMT troops trains moving Chinese soldiers to the front lines in Shangdong.
In August 1937, the Fourth Doctor and Romana I visited China, where Hsien-Ko was attempting to prevent the death of Magnus Greel.
The Japanese eventually moved into Shanghai.
In 1941, a group of Alpha Centaurans became stranded in Shanghai. The Doctor, "a couple of centuries" before his fourth incarnation, assisted them. (PROSE: The Shadow of Weng-Chiang)
The experiments conducted in Zhong Ma Fortress and its successor, Unit 731, produced biological weapons which the Japanese used to devastating effect in China before they surrendered to the Americans in 1945. (PROSE: Log 384)
By 1951, the Communists had won control of China from the Kuomintang. The country took part in the Korean War. (PROSE: Endgame)
In 1967, Fitz Kreiner was taken to China by Red Army soldiers. (PROSE: Revolution Man)
During the Cold War in the late 20th century, China was counted as one of the superpowers alongside Russia and America. At one point, to avoid warfare, all three superpowers gave their destructor codes to Great Britain. (TV: Robot)
In the 1970s, China sent General Cheng Teik as a delegate to the first World Peace Conference in London. He was killed by his aide, Chin Lee, who was under the control of the Master. (TV: The Mind of Evil) A "quarrel" between the three powers concerning a sphere of influence flared up in the Near East, becoming known as the Near East Crisis, which threatened to bring about World War III before being settled by a World Peace Conference. China was very reluctant to participate in the second World Peace Conference until persuaded by Sir Reginald Styles. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Day of the Daleks [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Day of the Daleks (novelisation)"], TV: Day of the Daleks [+]Loading...["Day of the Daleks (TV story)"])
At one point, to avoid warfare, all three superpowers gave their destructor codes to Great Britain. (TV: Robot)
In 1979, China invaded Vietnam. (TV: Tooth and Claw)
In 1997, China gained sovereignty over Hong Kong. In advance of this, agents of China's Public Security Bureau created the fake Tao Te Lung triad to lure in potential kingpins and neutralise them. (PROSE: Bullet Time) In a parallel universe, China also gained sovereignty over Hong Kong at this time. (AUDIO: Sympathy for the Devil)
In 1998, the Three Families discovered that the Blessing passed through Shanghai. (TV: The Blood Line)
21st century[[edit] | [edit source]]
By 2007, H.C. Clements had an office in China. (TV: The Runaway Bride)
By the 2000s,[nb 1] China was part of the worldwide nuclear grid overseen by UNIT. (TV: The Poison Sky) Osterhagen Station 5 was located there. (TV: Journey's End)
In 2009, the People's Republic of China was among the nations which agreed to let John Frobisher speak on their behalf to the 456. (TV: Children of Earth: Day Three)
On Christmas Day in or around the 2000s, when the Saxon Master used the Immortality Gate, all 2.5 million soldiers of the Chinese Central Military Commission became duplicates of him. (TV: The End of Time)
During the Miracle Day phenomenon in 2011, contraceptives were placed in the water supply of mainland China. (TV: Dead of Night) China dropped out of the United Nations. (TV: The Gathering)
During the Year of the Slow Invasion, Shakri cubes were reported in China. (TV: The Power of Three)
In 2020, the country sent the Long March 5B into space to explore the Ratts' Transit Station that was orbiting the Earth. (PROSE: At Childhood's End)
In 2021, the Seventh Doctor noted that China "pretty much [ran]" the Moon. (AUDIO: The Harvest)
In 2048, China was taken over by Hong Kong. (PROSE: St Anthony's Fire)
22nd century[[edit] | [edit source]]
During the 22nd century Dalek occupation of Earth, a human resistance movement was formed in China, but was crushed by the Daleks within days. (AUDIO: Masters of Earth)
Undated events[[edit] | [edit source]]
At some point after the 1970s, Chinese scientist Chung Sen experimented with time travel. (TV: Invasion of the Dinosaurs)
Other realities[[edit] | [edit source]]
Alternative timelines[[edit] | [edit source]]
In Roma I, Seres was ruled by the Ming and Yuan dynasties. Emperor Yung Lo built a formidable navy and waged a 28-year-long world war against the Roman Empire. This ended when Yung Lo and Roman Emperor Cosimo met on the Great Wall and agreed to a coin toss. Cosimo won the game and became ruler of both empires; in Roma III, the Seres won, but decamped to Rome and "togafied." (PROSE: Warlords of Utopia)
In the Year That Never Was, Martha Jones claimed to have gone to Beijing to collect one of the vials of liquid needed to arm the gun she was allegedly preparing to kill the Saxon Master with. (TV: Last of the Time Lords)
In an alternate timeline created by the Sontarans during their Flux assault, Russia and China were replaced by Sontar. During the alternate version of the Crimean War, the British fought against Sontarans. (TV: War of the Sontarans)
Parallel universes[[edit] | [edit source]]
In the Unbound Universe, the Master defected to China following the failed World Peace Conference after seeing more practical applications for the parasites that powered the Keller Machine, constructing more for them and creating the Ke Le Divisions to enforce security across China. By 1997, when Hong Kong was to be turned over to Chinese from the British, the Master's machines no longer functioned, due to the parasites being sated with the Master fleeing the Chinese. Seeking to wash their hands of everything, the Chinese destroyed the parasites via a nuclear weapon, the Doctor and Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart depositing the last parasite onto the site. (AUDIO: Sympathy for the Devil)
Unclear[[edit] | [edit source]]
In a parallel world, China was choked by the ATMOS gas before the Sontaran invasion of Earth was thwarted by the sacrifice of Torchwood Three. (TV: Turn Left)
References[[edit] | [edit source]]
Clara Oswald had a travel guide to China in her collection. (TV: The Bells of Saint John)
Senator Alcott's worst fear was the Chinese. Chin Lee nearly had the Keller Machine kill him through this fear, but the Third Doctor stopped her. (TV: The Mind of Evil)
Footnotes[[edit] | [edit source]]
- ↑ The present day of Doctor Who's fourth series is not consistently dated, with TV: The Fires of Pompeii, TV: The Waters of Mars, and AUDIO: SOS setting the present of the 13 regular episodes in 2008 (heavily implied by TV: The Star Beast and TV: The Giggle as well), and PROSE: Beautiful Chaos setting them in about April to June 2009.
