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{{pullout|{{Update|Information from ''[[The Silurian Candidate (audio story)|The Silurian Candidate]]'' and ''[[Assembled (audio anthology)|Assembled]]'' is required}}}}
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{{Infobox Species  
{{Infobox Species  
|image =[[File:Silurians-series-6.jpg|250px]]
|image       = <gallery>
|Species name = Silurian
Silurianprofile1.png|Early
|type = Reptilian humanoid
Silurianprofile2.png|Middle
|aka= <ul><li>[[Earth Reptile]]s</li><li>Psionosauropodamorphae</li><li>Homo reptillia</li><li>Eocenes</li><li>Earthlians</li><li>Lizard Men</li></ul>
Silurianprofile3.png|Late
|affiliation = <ul><li>[[Sea Devil]]s</li><li>[[The Alliance]]</li></ul>
</gallery>
|origin = [[Earth]]
|type       = Reptilian humanoid
|appearances = [[Silurian - List of Appearances|Full List of Appearances]]
|aka         = {{csl|[[Earth Reptile]]|Reptilia|[[Reptile people]]|Psionosauropoda-morphae|''Homo reptilia''|Eocene|Lizard Men|''Reptilia sapiens''}}
|mentions= <ul><li>[[DW]]: ''[[The Sea Devils]]''</li><li>[[NA]]: ''[[St Anthony's Fire]]''</li><li>[[DW]]: ''[[Battlefield]]''</li><li>[[WC]]: ''[[The War of Art]]''</li></ul>
|affiliation = [[Silurian Empire]], [[Sea Devil]]s, [[Pandorica Alliance]], [[Myrka]]
|individuals= [[:Category:Individual Silurians|See Category]]}}
|origin     = [[Earth]]
|first cs    = Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)
|appearances = {{appears}}
|individuals = {{csl|[[Okdel L'da]]|[[Morka]]|[[Icthar]]|[[Imorkal]]|[[Melanie Baal]]|[[Malohkeh]]|[[Restac]]|[[Kestral (Evacuation Earth)|Kestral]]|[[Seelac]]|[[Vastra]]|[[Captain (As Time Goes By)|The Captain]]|[[Jastrok]]|[[Horlak]]}}
|clip        = A Home for the Silurians - Doctor Who - The Silurians - BBC
|clip2      = The Silurians and the final solution - Doctor Who - Warriors of the deep - BBC
|clip3      = Who Are The Silurians? - TARDIS Index Files - Doctor Who
|bts        = The History of The Silurians - Doctor Who - BBC
|image2      =  
}}{{you may|The Silurians (reference book)}}
{{Earth Reptiles}}
The '''Silurians''' were a species native to [[Earth]] that pre-dated [[human]]ity. Technologically advanced, they lived alongside their aquatic cousins, the [[Sea Devil]]s. Unlike other species, Silurians showed an important intraspecific variation, with vast differentiation between breeds, such as the number of [[eye]]s, the formation of their pupils and the [[colour]] of their [[skin]].


The '''Silurians ''' (also known as '''Eocene''', '''Homo reptilia''' and '''Psionosauropodomorpha''') were a type of [[Earth Reptile]]. Technologically advanced, they lived during prehistoric times.
== Naming ==
The [[Third Doctor]] seemingly coined the name "Silurians" during his first encounter with them in [[Derbyshire]], ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}}) supposedly because the human discoverer of the tribe under [[Derbyshire]], ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Sea Devils (TV story)}}) [[John Quinn|Dr Quinn]], ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}}) incorrectly identified the geological era they lived in, such that the name Silurian originated from Dr Quinn's misnomer. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Sea Devils (TV story)}}) However, many accounts showed Silurians using the name amongst themselves, ([[TV]]: {{cs|Warriors of the Deep (TV story)}}) even without knowing that other factions had come out of hibernation. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Bloodtide (audio story)}}) Indeed, the "[[Monster Vaults]]" of the [[TARDIS information system|databanks]] of [[the Doctor's TARDIS]] identified "Silurian" as the proper name the species originally used; humans retained the name over many years as ancient [[Race memory|race memories]]; ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Monster Vault (novel)}}) the Doctor, the actual coiner of the term, ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}}) was, by some account, [[The Doctor's species#Half-human?|half-human on their mother's side]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who (TV story)|}}, etc.) The name was also seen to be used by members of other species altogether on occasion, such as the [[Sontaran]] [[Strax]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|A Good Man Goes to War (TV story)}})


==Biology==
The Silurians were also known as '''[[Earth Reptile]]s''', '''Reptilia''', ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Pater Noster (audio story)}}) '''Eocenes''', ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Hungry Earth (TV story)}}) '''[[reptile people]]''', '''Psionosauropodomorpha''', ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Blood Heat (novel)}}) '''Homo Reptilicus''', '''''Homo reptilia''''' and '''''Reptilia sapiens'''''. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Tidal Wave (audio story)}})
===Physical appearance===
[[file:Scalesofinjusticesilurian.jpg|thumb|left|150px|A Silurian/Sea Devil hybrid ([[MA]]: ''[[The Scales of Injustice]]'')]]
The Silurians were an extremely varied species, with a wide range of subspecies and different appearances. Whilst many Silurians appeared similar, among some there were subtle differences which was attributed to being the result of a different caste. There were other such clan families with differentiating physical characteristics with some suited for environments that had extreme cold or others which lived on high plateaus. ([[MA]]: ''[[The Scales of Injustice]]'') In general, they were [[humanoid]] reptilians with scaly crests on their head.
*One group of Silurians was found at [[Wenley Moor]]. They had long fingers and three webbed toes on each foot. Their mouths were small and somewhat sucker-like. The most noticeable feature of the Silurians were their three eyes. Their main eyes were bright yellow with cat-like pupils. The third eye was red and on the forehead, surrounded by a fluting bone structure. They also had rectangular external ears. As well as having a more powerful third eye, they were active creatures who spoke quickly in a deep voice. ([[DW]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Silurians]]'')
*Another group was found at [[Sea Base 4]]. They looked similar to those of Wenley Moor, but had had a stockier build, brown skin, suckers on the tips of their fingers, a smaller mouth, ornate curving spikes around their heads and the third eye on top. The third eye would glow along with their speech, but was not used in attack. They were also slower and spoke in a higher pitched voice. ([[DW]]: ''[[Warriors of the Deep]]'')
*A third tribe found in [[Wales]] was radically different in appearance. They had only two eyes, a human-like face, no external ears, five digits on each hand and a crest on their head and down their neck. They had long tongues which they could fire out to inject a venom, which would be [[mutation|mutagenic]] in humans. They moved and spoke much like humans. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Hungry Earth]]''/''[[Cold Blood]]'')
*There were also the distantly related [[Sea Devil]]s. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Sea Devils]]'') They were genetically divergent enough to create problems for the offspring of such matings. Such offspring suffered from biological problems such as being sterile and possessing a shorter lifespan, due to them suffering from cellular degeneration. ([[MA]]: ''[[The Scales of Injustice]]'')


In at least one alternate reality, there was a [[Melanie Baal|human-Silurian hybrid]] which demonstrates that mating between the two was possible. ([[PDA]]: ''[[Spiral Scratch]]'')
== Biology ==
=== Physical appearance ===
[[File:Silurian types.jpg|thumb|left|Four types of Silurian identified by the Twelfth Doctor. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|A History of Humankind (novel)}})]]The Silurians were an extremely varied species, with different [[subspecies]] and appearances; there were at least ten or eleven Silurian variations. Whilst many of them appeared similar, there were subtle differences which were attributed to caste. There were also [[clan]]s or [[families]] with differentiated physical characteristics, some suited for environments of extreme cold or high plateaus. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}}) In general, they were [[humanoid]] [[reptile|reptilians]] with scaly crests on their [[head]], with a lifespan of hundreds of years. ([[WC]]: {{cs|Who Are The Silurians? (webcast)}})


===Anatomy===
One group, identified by historians as [[Early Silurian]]s, ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Monster Vault (novel)}}) was found at [[Wenley Moor]]; these had long [[finger]]s and three webbed [[toe]]s on each [[foot]], and their [[mouth]]s were small and sucker-like. The most noticeable feature of these Silurians were their three [[eye]]s. Their main eyes were bright [[yellow]] with [[cat]]-like [[pupil]]s, while their third eye was [[red]] and high on the [[forehead]], surrounded by a fluted [[bone]] structure. They also had rectangular external [[ear]]s. They were active creatures who spoke quickly in deep [[voice]]s. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}}) A tribe fitting this description also lived under the [[Galápagos Islands]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Bloodtide (audio story)}}) The cadaver of another such Silurian was identified by [[Vastra]] as being of the "Scholar" caste. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Lost Dimension (comic story)}})
Silurians were [[:wikipedia:Cold-blooded|cold blooded]] and were only capable of surviving in warmer temperatures. They would become sluggish and slow when too cold. ([[NA]]: ''[[Blood Heat]]'', [[DW]]: ''[[The Hungry Earth]]'') Silurians had a hunter's anatomy, with powerful muscles and hollow bones. Though they were taller than [[human]]s, they were also lighter and faster. Silurians were incapable of crying. ([[NA]]: ''[[Blood Heat]]'') The typical lifespan of a Silurian was 200 to 250 years, ([[MA]]: ''[[The Scales of Injustice]]'') though some lived up to 300 years ([[DW]]: ''[[Cold Blood]]'').


Silurians had an organ analogous to the human [[:wikipedia:pituitary gland|pituitary gland]]. ([[MA]]: ''[[Burning Heart]]'')
Another group, identified by historians as [[Middle Silurian]]s, ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Monster Vault (novel)}}) was found at [[Sea Base 4]]. They looked similar to those of Wenley Moor, but had stockier builds, brown [[skin]], suckers on the tips of their fingers, smaller mouths, ornate, curving spikes around their heads and the third eye on top. The third eye would glow along with their speech, but was not used in attack. They were also slower and spoke in a higher-pitched voice. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Warriors of the Deep (TV story)}}) Identical Silurians were seen elsewhere as part of the aforementioned Scholar caste. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Lost Dimension (comic story)}})


====Third eye====
[[Horlak]], a leader of a tribe of scholars which included Silurians matching the aforementioned groups, appeared much like them but was distinct in that his cranial ridges were further pronounced. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Lost Dimension (comic story)}})
[[file:Siluriansp80.jpg|150px|thumb|right|A Silurian using his third eye. ([[DWN]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters]]'')]]
Most Silurians possessed a third eye on their forehead. Their three eyes provided them with a triple-faceted form of vision, with the top eye seeing in infrared. ([[DW]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Silurians]]'') Besides seeing, the third eye allowed them to use a variety of [[telepathy|telepathic]] powers.


The Silurians used their third eyes to communicate with other Silurians in a process known as ''"linking"''. The third eye would glow along with their emotions, becoming brighter when angered. They could also sense the presence of other Silurians, even from great distances. Silurians were capable of controlling the minds of other creatures. ([[NA]]: ''[[Blood Heat]]'') They were known to [[Hypnosis|hypnotise]] and coerce humans through a link to a primal part of their subject's mind, though stronger wills were capable of resisting this control. ([[BFA]]: ''[[Bloodtide]]'')
A tribe seen on prehistoric Earth was distinguished in that they had only two eyes, no external ears, five digits on each [[hand]], crests on their heads and down their [[neck]], and faces with bulging [[black]] eyes and [[beak]]-like mouths. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)}})


The third eye was capable of either simply harming organic beings, killing them or leaving them unconscious. Alternatively, they were able to revive a human that they had made unconscious through this third eye. Energies emanating from it allowed them to burn through walls and create tunnels. ([[DW]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Silurians]]'', [[NA]]: ''[[Blood Heat]]'')
Identified by historians as [[Late Silurian]]s, ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Monster Vault (novel)}}) the "Warrior" caste ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Lost Dimension (comic story)}}) were radically different, more human-shaped [[face]]s. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Hungry Earth (TV story)}}/{{cs|Cold Blood (TV story)}}) Of this subspecies, [[Silurian Hunter]]s wore [[mask]]s resembling the faces of their beaked counterparts. ([[GAME]]: {{cs|The Mazes of Time (video game)}}) They had long [[tongue]]s which they could flick to inject a [[venom]], which was [[mutation|mutagenic]] to [[human]]s ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Hungry Earth (TV story)}}/{{cs|Cold Blood (TV story)}}) but could harmlessly stun other Silurians. ([[GAME]]: {{cs|Lost in Time (video game)}}) They moved and spoke much like humans. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Hungry Earth (TV story)}}/{{cs|Cold Blood (TV story)}}) This type also appeared to have extended into the [[London]] area as well, with the colony [[Vastra|Madame Vastra]] belonged to having been uncovered during an expansion to the [[London Underground]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|A Good Man Goes to War (TV story)}}, [[WC]]: {{cs|Vastra Investigates: A Christmas Prequel (webcast)}}) Vastra was identified by her Scholar brethren as "Warrior". ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Lost Dimension (comic story)}}) These Silurians would become darker [[green]] when blushing. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Name of the Doctor (TV story)}}) At least one [[Vastra|Silurian]] displayed a yellowing in parts of their centre and side crests as they aged. ([[TV]]: {{cs|A Good Man Goes to War (TV story)}}, {{cs|Deep Breath (TV story)}})


The Silurians also employed their third eye in more mundane tasks, such as activating their technology, opening passageways or creating forcefields to trap prisoners. ([[DW]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Silurians]]'')
The Silurians were also distantly related to the [[Sea Devil]]s. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Sea Devils (TV story)}}) They were genetically divergent enough to create problems for the [[offspring]] of matings with Silurians. Offspring suffered from biological problems including [[sterility]] and a shorter [[lifespan]], due to [[cellular degeneration]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}})


Despite this, not all Silurians had these third eyes; the tribe found in [[Wales]] did not. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Hungry Earth]]''/''[[Cold Blood]]'')
In at least one alternate reality, there was a [[Melanie Baal|human-Silurian hybrid]]. This demonstrated that mating between the two was possible. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Spiral Scratch (novel)}})


==Culture==
=== Anatomy ===
The Silurians were described as generally a peaceful race with their highest laws preventing outright warfare except in the case of defensive engagements. ([[DW]]: ''[[Warriors of the Deep]]'') Despite this being the case, there was a great importance placed on the species' pure eugenics, which was believed to be their most important principle and most sacrosanct belief. Thus, breeding between the Silurians and Sea Devils was considered a crime punishable by death. The eggs of such a union were normally crushed and the parents were typically executed for the crime. ([[MA]]: ''[[The Scales of Injustice]]'')
[[File:Baal D'jo|thumb|left|[[Baal D'jo]], a Silurian/Sea Devil hybrid ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}})]]Silurians were cold blooded and could only survive at warmer [[temperature]]s. They were sluggish and slow when cold. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Blood Heat (novel)}}, [[TV]]: {{cs|The Hungry Earth (TV story)}})


The Silurians were generally led by a [[Triad]], three Silurians who had joint rule. ([[DW]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Silurians]]'', ''[[Warriors of the Deep]]'', ''[[The Hungry Earth]]''/''[[Cold Blood]]'') These Silurians came from different backgrounds and controlled different sections, such as the military and the scientists. Silurians were also split up into different Tribes. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Hungry Earth]]''/''[[Cold Blood]]'') The majority of Silurian warriors appeared to be female, just as the females were the more aggressive in some species of lower reptile ([[DW]]: ''[[Cold Blood]]'', ''[[A Good Man Goes to War]]'')
Silurians had a hunter's anatomy, with powerful [[muscle]]s and hollow [[bone]]s. Though they were taller than [[human]]s, they were also lighter and faster. According to one account, Silurians were incapable of crying, ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Blood Heat (novel)}}) although another account showed Silurians did indeed cry. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)}}) The typical [[lifespan]] of a Silurian was 200 to 250 [[year]]s, ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}}) though some lived up to 300 years. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Cold Blood (TV story)}}) [[Vastra]] lived from the 1880s and was still alive in 2022, around 140 years later. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Requiem (audio story)}})


Silurians communicated by [[telepathy|telepathically]] linking with the use of their third eye, as well as by body language. Though they could communicate with words, they generally only used it for effect, when talking to children or to species without telepathic linking abilities. Silurians had little in the way of literature, since their mind linking abilities were a more effective method of transferring ideas. ([[NA]]: ''[[Blood Heat]]'')
Silurians had an [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]] analogous to the human [[pituitary gland]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Burning Heart (novel)}}) They had a greater [[lung]] capacity than a human. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Deep Breath (TV story)}}) [[Nanjura fruit]]s were toxic for them, but not lethal. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)}}) Silurians possessed venom sacs in their mouths, with which they could release venom through their tongues. The venom was toxic and [[Death|deadly]] even to [[Gallifreyan]]s, but because the sacs of [[Child|juvenile]] Silurians were not fully developed, it was possible to survive an attack by one of the species' young without permanent damage. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Silurian Gift (novel)}})


Silurians of advanced age would festoon their third eye with [[pearl]]s as a form of decoration. ([[NA]]: ''[[Blood Heat]]'') Some Silurians kept early homonids as pets. ([[DWN]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters]]'') Whilst in the future, they became known to take the term of ''Earth Reptiles'', there were some amongst their kind in these eras that instead chose to refer to themselves as Silurians as they believed those that accepted the title of Earth Reptiles were pathetic assimilationists. ([[MA]]: ''[[Burning Heart]]'')
The reptilian Silurians hatched from [[egg]]s. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)}})


They were also known to have possessed a [[Lizard God]]. ([[MA]]: ''[[The Crystal Bucephalus]]'') In addition, there was an entity within their myths known as [[Urmungstandra]], who was a devil god. ([[EDA]]: ''[[The Taking of Planet 5]]'') The [[Great Old One]]s including in their ranks [[Azathoth]] were a pantheon of deities that were revered by the Silurians long before the rise of humanity. ([[NA]]: ''[[All-Consuming Fire]]'')
==== Third eye ====
{{main|Third eye}}
[[File:Siluriansp80.jpg|thumb|right|A Silurian using his third [[eye]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)}})]]The Silurians first encountered by the Doctor had three eyes, providing them with a triple-faceted form of [[vision]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}}) According to one source, it was Silurians of the "scholar caste" who possessed a third [[eye]] on the [[forehead]], ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Lost Dimension (comic story)}}) Other accounts suggested that the "third eyes" were bionic implants, referred to as "Silurian Paralysers".


==Technology==
The third eye also allowed them to use a variety of [[telepathy|telepathic]] powers. The Silurians used their third eyes to [[communication|communicate]] with other Silurians in a process known as "linking". The third eye would glow along with their [[emotion]]s, becoming brighter when they were [[anger|angry]]. They could sense the presence of other Silurians, even at great distances. Silurians could control the [[mind]]s of other creatures. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Blood Heat (novel)}}) They could [[Hypnosis|hypnotise]] and coerce [[human]]s through a link to a primal part of a subject's mind, though stronger wills could resist this control. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Bloodtide (audio story)}}) However, even Silurians without the third eye could demonstrate this ability: [[Vastra]] told [[Jenny Flint]] that her species could exert a mesmeric influence over humans. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Cars That Ate London! (audio story)}})
The Silurians had many advancements unknown to the [[human]]s.


:''See also [[:Category:Silurian technology|Silurian Technology]].''
The third eye was capable of harming organic beings, killing them or leaving them unconscious. Alternatively, they could revive a human that they had rendered unconscious with the third eye. Energies emanating from it allowed them to burn through [[wall]]s and create [[tunnel]]s. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}}, [[PROSE]]: {{cs|Blood Heat (novel)}}) According to one account, the offensive capability of the third eye was a beam of burning [[radiation]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Twilight of the Silurians (comic story)}})


===Biotechnology===
The Silurians also employed their third eye in less destructive tasks, such as activating their technology, opening passageways or creating [[force field]]s to trap prisoners. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}})
The Silurians had advanced genetic capabilities. They were capable of bringing species back from extinction, such as many species of [[dinosaur]]s. ([[DW]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Silurians]]'', [[NA]]: ''[[Blood Heat]]'') They could also modify species, like they did with the [[Myrka]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[Warriors of the Deep]]'') Furthermore, they demonstrated their ability in creating a [[virus|genetically engineered plague]], which they once used against early humans who invaded their crop settlements. The disease was highly virulent to humans and was used as a form of 'pest control'. ([[DW]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Silurians]]'') Despite this, they were still having problems with Silurian/[[Sea Devil]] hybrids' deficiencies. ([[MA]]: ''[[The Scales of Injustice]]'')


The Silurians processed their own food and didn't rely on harvesting animals or plants, ([[MA]]: ''[[The Scales of Injustice]]'') except for times of food deprivation ([[NA]]: ''[[Blood Heat]]''). The Silurians were also able to bio-program soil, causing it react to certain events and respond, generally by dragging people underground. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Hungry Earth]]'') They were also capable of advanced decontamination, removing diseases and poisons from the body. ([[DW]]: ''[[Cold Blood]]'')
Not all Silurians had these third eyes, ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Hungry Earth (TV story)}}) primarily the ones belonging to the "warrior caste". ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Lost Dimension (comic story)}}) [[Jastrok]] bitterly implied that these Silurians once had working third eyes but they had lost it over time. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Call to Arms (audio story)}}) However, the [[Dacha]] was one Silurian who possessed a third eye despite his resemblance to the warrior caste. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Lost Dimension (comic story)}})


===Weaponry===
==== Cyber-Silurians ====
Though the [[Sea Devil]]s used sonic weaponry, the Silurians relied on the [[Sea Devil]]s and their third eye for defensive purposes. As such, the Silurians tended not to use weaponry, though they used a Battlecruiser for transportation and offensive purposes. ([[DW]]: ''[[Warriors of the Deep]]'') They could amplify the powers of their third eyes, allowing them to cause even more damage. ([[NA]]: ''[[Blood Heat]]'')
[[File:Cyber-converted Silurians.jpg|thumb|left|[[Cyber-Silurian]]s on prehistoric [[Earth]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)}})]]In an [[Alternate timeline (Supremacy of the Cybermen)|alternate timeline]], the Silurians of prehistoric [[Earth]], who resembled those of the warrior caste, were [[Cyber-conversion|cyber-converted]] into a subspecies of [[Cyberman|Cybermen]] that the [[Eleventh Doctor]] dubbed "[[Cyber-Silurian]]s", amongst other names. The Silurians' converted states varied between individuals; some Silurians merely possessed a cybernetic implant on their [[face]]s and a small number of cybernetic components, whilst others possessed near-complete [[Cyber-body|Cyber-bodies]] with unique [[Cyber-helmet]]s and only a small amount of the original Silurian exposed. Some of the latter type of Cyber-Silurians had [[chest unit]]s with a [[blue]] or [[white]] [[circle|circular]] [[light]], similar to the Cybermen that allied with [[Rassilon (Hell Bent)|Rassilon]] to invade [[Gallifrey]] in this timeline. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)}})


The Silurians found in [[Wales]] used guns reminiscent of Sea Devil guns which could fire fatal energy beams. They also wore armour and used special masks that covered their faces and allowed them to scan objects. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Hungry Earth]]'' / ''[[Cold Blood]]'')
=== Other matters ===
[[Liz Shaw]] believed that much as the [[Sea Devil]]s could inhabit deep oceanic floors inhospitable to [[human]] endeavours, their land-based cousins were well-adapted to live in high-temperature [[desert]] areas rarely prized by humans. She hoped that this would make cohabitation between humanity and Earth Reptiles relatively simple if a deal could be worked out. ([[GAME]]: {{cs|Lost in Time (video game)}})


===Miscellaneous technology===
== Culture ==
*They had access to cryogenic technology, which they used to preserve their civilization when they believed the Earth was in danger. ([[DW]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Silurians]]'') These had timers which would react when the colony was in danger, ([[DW]]: ''[[The Hungry Earth]]''/''[[Cold Blood]]'') though many were faulty and relied on nearby energy sources ([[DW]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Silurians]]'').
[[File:Lost Dimension Silurians.jpg|thumb|Silurians had great variance in appearance between Caste. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Lost Dimension (comic story)}})]]The Silurians were generally a peaceful race. Their highest laws forbade outright warfare except for defence. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Warriors of the Deep (TV story)}}) There was also great importance placed on the species' pure eugenics, which was believed to be their most important principle and most sacrosanct belief. Breeding between a Silurian and a Sea Devil was considered a crime punishable by death. The eggs of such a union were usually crushed and the parents executed. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}})
*They could use [[Gravity Bubble]]s to travel to and from the surface. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Hungry Earth]]''/''[[Cold Blood]]'') They also used mechanical airships, which [[Bernice Summerfield|Bernice]] used and found to be of high quality. ([[NA]]: ''[[St Anthony's Fire]]'')
*They had some [[hologram|holographic technology]]. ([[MA]]: ''[[The Scales of Injustice]]'')
*They could modify the atmosphere, increasing the temperature in certain areas. ([[NA]]: ''[[Blood Heat]]'')
*They had the ability to disperse the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt Van Allen belt], which would have left Earth defenceless against cosmic radiation. ([[DW]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Silurians]]'')
*They could create [[force field]]s to trap an entire village, controlling the amount of light that got in (effectively making it night). ([[DW]]: ''[[The Hungry Earth]]'')
*They also had [[wrist device]]s. ([[DW]]: ''[[Warriors of the Deep]]'')


==History==
The Silurians red was led by a [[Triad]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Warriors of the Deep (TV story)}}, [[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}}) One account suggested that no one member of a Triad being allowed to order another, ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Silurian Candidate (audio story)}}) but another account held that the Triad was made up of the main leader, the "Second" and a Science Adviser. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}}) Smaller "zones" or settlements were ruled by their own, subservient Triads. ([[GAME]]: {{cs|Lost in Time (video game)}}) They also established a [[Parliament of the Silurians]] within their [[Silurian capital city|capital]]. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Silurian Candidate (audio story)}})
===Dominance===
At some point in [[Earth]]'s history, the Silurians were the rulers of the planet. They were led by the [[Triad]] and used the [[Sea Devil]]s as soldiers. ([[DW]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Silurians]]'', ''[[Warriors of the Deep]]'') In the early era of their rule, there were many stories of the rise of their civilization. One noted legendary warrior chieftain was [[Masz K'll]] of the [[Third Dynasty]], who fought against his evil alter-ego, the legendary Two-Faced Lizard. Another noted figure was [[Panun E'Ni]], who was the leader of the [[Southern Clan]] and conquered much of the world, which he ruled cruelly for a brief period until his defeat at the hands of [[Tun W'lzz]]. Following that event, the previously imprisoned and cast out tribes reconverged into a new more unified civilization that ate their foes. Whether these were folk stories or historical fact was of no importance to them, as it inspired the Earth Reptiles for a millennium, with many of these writings left within their [[Hall of Heroes]]. ([[MA]]: ''[[The Scales of Injustice]]'')


In this era, the Silurians co-existed in groups of clans that lived alongside the original ape primitives that were developing on their planet. Being a lesser species at the time, these hominids became the primary livestock of the Silurians. In order to improve the flavour of these creatures, a Silurian scientist by the name of [[Tulok]] began to genetically engineer the apes. This led to the hominids gaining an increased breeding cycle as well as intelligence and thus created the early ''[[human|Homo sapiens]]''. For his genetic crimes, the Silurians banished Tulok and his creations to die in the coming cataclysm. ([[BFA]]: ''[[Bloodtide]]'') These primitive ape-like man began to hunt in packs and began attacking the Silurians. ([[DWM]]: ''[[Twilight of the Silurians]]'') They also began to prey on the crops of the Silurians, leading the Earth Reptiles to use [[Silurian virus|plagues]] to exterminate them. ([[DW]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Silurians]]'')
Some Silurians captured wild [[dinosaur]]s to use as pets and "attack dogs", but the practice was controversial, which Vastra, for example, having always looked down upon it. ([[GAME]]: {{cs|Lost in Time (video game)}})


At the height of their civilization, the Silurians lived in cities of metal millions of years old, and had uncontested dominion over the planet. However, this era was cut short. Some of their scientists, such as Doctor [[Wolik]], believed that a small planetoid was destined to crash into their world. While some Silurians were cynical of this coming disaster, with a few believing it to be a simple scare story, in time, they panicked at the coming event. They decided to take steps to protect themselves in hibernation chambers, so their civilization could survive the coming disaster and reclaim their world once the danger had passed. ([[DWM]]: ''[[Twilight of the Silurians]]'')
Whilst historians observed that different [[triad]]s or [[tribe]]s of Silurians retreated into [[hibernation]] in anticipation of various [[disaster]]s over [[millennia]], contributing to the evolution of distinct Silurian [[subspecies]], ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Monster Vault (novel)}}) one account indicated that Silurian subspecies co-existed in a [[caste]] system. [[Vastra]], a [[warrior]], recognised her "[[brother]]s" in the [[scholar caste]], whilst their leader, [[Horlak]], acknowledged her as a "[[sister]]". ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Lost Dimension (comic story)}})


Twelve years before the large [[planet]] came dangerously close to [[Earth]], the Silurians were divided on the matter of a mating between the land castes and aquatic castes. Normally, such matings were forbidden, and any offspring were killed along with their parents. However, facing the dangers of the global cataclysm, they instead allowed a colony of such hybrids to remain in their [[Shelter]] near [[Smallmarshes]]. They, along with the rest of the Silurian race, took part in the [[Great Hibernation]]. ([[MA]]: ''[[The Scales of Injustice]]'') The panicked Silurians later sealed themselves in their underground [[Hibernation unit|hibernation chambers]]. However, the hibernation technology was faulty, and never woke them. They were not aware that the dangerous planetoid that they believed would devastate their world was instead captured by the planet and became [[the Moon]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Silurians]]'') Despite their intentions on punishing Tulok, the renegade Silurian scientist instead sabotaged a number of the hibernation chambers and destroyed them as a result. ([[BFA]]: ''[[Bloodtide]]'')
The majority of [[late Silurian]] [[Silurian Hunter|hunter]]s appeared to be [[female]], just as the females were the more aggressive in some species of lower reptile. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Cold Blood (TV story)}}, {{cs|A Good Man Goes to War (TV story)}})


:''[[#Dating issue|The time of this rule has never been consistently dated]].''
Silurians communicated by [[telepathy|telepathically]] linking through their third eyes, as well as by body language. Though they could use words, they generally only used speech for effect, when talking to children or to species without telepathic linking abilities. Silurians had little in the way of literature, since their mind linking abilities were a more effective method of transferring ideas. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Blood Heat (novel)}})


===Re-awakenings===
A Silurian of advanced age would festoon the third eye with [[pearl]]s as a form of decoration. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Blood Heat (novel)}}) Some Silurians kept early hominids as pets. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)}}) Whilst in the future, some used the term ''Earth Reptiles'', others called themselves Silurians, insisting those that accepted the name of Earth Reptiles were pathetic assimilationists. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Burning Heart (novel)}}) Around the [[1970s]], however, some Silurians, who wanted humanity to be wiped out, used the term Earth Reptiles to describe themselves by. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}})
Over the millions of years since their rule, many of their prominent structures such as the Hall of Heroes were lost due to erosion and plate movement which wiped any traces of the Silurians ancient civilization. ([[MA]]: ''[[The Scales of Injustice]]'') After millions of years, some of the Silurian [[Hibernation unit]]s had been awoken.


In [[Early human history|102 AD]], a number of Silurians were part of [[the Alliance]] of [[the Doctor]]'s worst enemies that trapped the Doctor in the [[Pandorica]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Pandorica Opens (TV story)|The Pandorica Opens]]'')
They worshipped a [[Lizard God]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Crystal Bucephalus (novel)}}) Their myths included [[Urmungstandra]], a devil god ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Taking of Planet 5 (novel)}}) and the [[Great Old One]]s, including in their ranks [[Azathoth]], a deity revered by the Silurians long before the rise of humanity. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|All-Consuming Fire (novel)}}) They wrote the [[Necronomicon]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|White Darkness (novel)}}) Madame [[Vastra]] swore by a Goddess. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Name of the Doctor (TV story)}}, {{cs|Deep Breath (TV story)}})


In the [[19th century]], a group of Silurians was awoken by the creation of the [[London Underground]], leading to the death of several. Though [[Vastra]] wanted revenge, the Doctor was able to convince her to live together with the humans in peace. She lived with her human partner [[Jenny (A Good Man Goes to War)|Jenny]], though was known to feed on human criminals. She and several of her soldiers were called up by [[Eleventh Doctor|the Doctor]] to fight at the battle of [[Demon's Run]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[A Good Man Goes to War]]'')
The [[Third Doctor]] mentioned that along with literature, the Silurians had art, sport and games — "a complete civilisation". ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}})


[[Charles Darwin]] and the ''[[wikipedia:HMS Beagle|HMS Beagle]]'' expedition, along with the [[Sixth Doctor]] and [[Evelyn Smythe]] encountered a rogue Silurian group in the [[wikipedia:Galápagos Islands|Galápagos Islands]]. It was revealed that the leader of this group had been responsible for creating humanity's prehistoric ancestors via a forbidden breeding program. ([[BFA]]: ''[[Bloodtide]]'') At some point, [[H. P. Lovecraft]] discovered a reawakened settlement of Silurians who were freed from their hibernation by the machinations of [[the Master]]. However, they refused to follow him and decided to sacrifice both him as well as Lovecraft to their idol. During the event, Lovecraft stole a gemstone that was the key to the reactivation of the hibernation chambers and escaped with the Master to his [[TARDIS]] which was actually disguised as the sacrificial idol. Without the gemstone, the Silurians were forced to return to their sleep. ([[CP]]: ''[[Perfect Timing]]'')
Silurian poetry was composed of [[optical illusion]]s and [[mathematics]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Insidious Ideas of the Danger Thinkers (short story)}})


:''This may have inspired Lovecraft's writings and had him turn the Silurians into the Deep Ones from his stories.''
== Relationship with other species ==
=== Humans ===
The Silurians did not think much of humans, considering them to be mere apes and despising them for destroying the terrestrial environment. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Cold Blood (TV story)}})


During the [[Howberry expedition]] in [[1920]], Lord [[Barset]] took part in an expedition to [[Antarctica]] with a group of fellow travellers. Once there, they discovered a city consisting of intelligent reptiles who were the Silurians. All of the expedition members except one were killed as a result with the sole survivor returning to civilization where he was considered insane after telling the fate of his comrades. ([[AV]]: ''[[Endurance]]'') This later inspired a second expedition to Antarctica in [[2012]] led by Barset's grandson who intended to find the advanced technology of the Silurian civilization, though instead he encountered a band of [[Ice Warrior]] war criminals that were frozen in the ice. ([[BFA]]: ''[[Frozen Time]]'') [[Jules Verne]] and [[the Doctor]] once encountered Silurians and a [[giant squid]]. This adventure would be reworked into ''[[20,000 Leagues Under the Sea]]'', though the Doctor had some difficulties convincing Jules to remove the parts with the Silurians. ([[NSA]]: ''[[Peacemaker]]'')
Humans had an instinctive fear of Silurians, known as the [[race memory malaise]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Blood Heat (novel)}})


In the late [[20th century]] a group of Silurians were awakened from hibernation by the energy from the nearby nuclear power research centre at [[Wenley Moor]]. After disagreement between [[Okdel]] and [[Morka]] over this course of action, Morka won out and the Silurians then attempted reclaim the planet from [[human]]ity by releasing a [[Silurian virus|deadly virus]]. This plan was stopped by [[UNIT]] and the [[Third Doctor]]. Despite the Doctor's best efforts to broker a peaceful solution, the Silurian base was bombed by [[UNIT]] on [[Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart]]'s order. ([[DW]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Silurians]]'') Shortly afterward, a second base was awoken in [[:wikipedia:Oregon|Oregon]], and was likewise dealt with by UNIT. ([[PDA]]: ''[[The Devil Goblins from Neptune]]'') A different base of Silurians was found in the [[Smallmarshes]], which consisted of hybrids born of unions from the Silurians and Sea Devils. They too wanted to take back the Earth, and there was also a schism of power leading to the end of the conflict. The [[Third Doctor]], however, managed to ensure that this shelter was left in peace and that an end to hostilities emerged. ([[MA]]: ''[[The Scales of Injustice]]'')
=== Other ===
The Silurians were one of the species that the [[Skithra]] stole technology from. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror (TV story)}})


In [[1983]], [[Sarah Jane Smith]] and [[K-9 Mark III|K-9]], while visiting [[Warren Martyn]]'s [[archaeology|archaeological]] expedition in [[Egypt]], discovered an underground city of Silurians and Sea Devils. Sarah Jane opened diplomatic relations with them, and on her return to England, contacted the Brigadier, who was willing to make amends for his earlier mistakes. ([[DWM]]: ''[[City of Devils]]'')
== Technology ==
The Silurians made many advancements unknown to [[human]]s.


By [[2003]] there were Silurians serving as part of UNIT, in particular [[Imorkal]], who was working with [[Liz Shaw]] at [[Tranquillity Moonbase]] on Earth's Moon. ([[NA]]: ''[[Eternity Weeps]]'') A number of decades later, General Sir Lethbridge-Stewart, helped the Silurians attempt to finally make peace with the humans, though the general public believed it to be a stunt involving men in rubber suits. ([[BFA]]: ''[[The Coup]]'') Later, the Silurians aided UNIT in finding a cure for a new deadly plague. ([[BFA]]: ''[[The Wasting]]'')
=== Genetic modification ===
The Silurians had advanced genetic capabilities. They brought species back from extinction, including many [[dinosaur]]s. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Blood Heat (novel)}}) They could modify species, as they did with the [[Myrka]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Warriors of the Deep (TV story)}}) They created a [[Silurian virus|genetically engineered plague]], which they once used against early humans who invaded their crop settlements. This disease was highly virulent and was used as a form of "pest control". ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}}) Despite this, they had problems with Silurian/[[Sea Devil]] hybrids' deficiencies. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}}) They also altered primitive apes to make them breed more often and to improve their flavour when eaten; using these techniques, they ultimately ended up creating the ancestors of humanity. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Bloodtide (audio story)}})


In late [[2010]], a fossilised Silurian egg was discovered by the [[Pharos institute]], Sarah Jane went to the institute to take a look at it. ([[SJAF]]: ''[[Sarah Jane's Alien Files episode 6]]'')
The Silurians processed their own food and didn't rely on harvesting animals or plants ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}}) except in times of famine. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Blood Heat (novel)}}) The Silurians could bio-program soil, causing it to react to certain events and respond, generally by dragging people underground. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Hungry Earth (TV story)}})


[[File:Alaya1.png|thumb|left|[[Alaya]], a Silurian warrior who attacked the human mining station at [[Cwmtaff]], [[Wales]], in the year [[2020]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Hungry Earth]]'')]]
=== Medicine ===
In [[2020]], a [[Silurian city]] in [[Wales]] was awoken by a drilling expedition led by [[Nasreen Chaudhry]] and [[Tony Mack]]. Several corpses were stolen from a graveyard for study, as well as [[Mo Northover]] and later [[Amy Pond]] as living subjects. Eventually, they trapped the village in a [[force field]] and captured [[Elliot Northover]]. During this time, [[Alaya]] came to the surface and was captured, with the plan to trade her for the human hostages. While the [[Eleventh Doctor]] and Nasreen travelled to the Silurian city to negotiate, Alaya was guarded by Tony, [[Rory Williams]] and [[Ambrose Northover]]. The Doctor and Nasreen were captured, while Amy and Mo escaped. After an abortive rescue attempt, the Doctor was able to convince the leader, [[Eldane]], to negotiate with Amy and Nasreen for the future of both their races. Back on the surface, Ambrose tried to help her family and threatened Alaya for help, but accidentally killed her just as the group were summoned to the city. Alaya's death was received badly, especially by her sister, [[Restac]], who tried to kill all the humans in retribution. Eldane managed to lead the Doctor and his friends to a laboratory, where he then released a deadly gas into the city, forcing Restac's troops to return to their hibernation. The timer was set for a thousand years, allowing a second chance at negotiation. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Hungry Earth]]''/''[[Cold Blood]]'')
The Silurians were capable of advanced decontamination, removing diseases and poisons from the body. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Cold Blood (TV story)}})


[[file:A silurian in wotd.jpg|thumb|right|190px|A Silurian in the attack of [[Sea Base 4]] in the year [[2084]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[Warriors of the Deep]]'')]]
=== Weaponry ===
Silurians generally relied on their third eye for defensive purposes, using technology to enhance their power. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Blood Heat (novel)}}) They used [[Silurian battlecruiser]]s, which were organic in structure, for transportation and offensive purposes. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Warriors of the Deep (TV story)}})


Circa [[2084]], a group of Silurians allied themselves with the [[Sea Devil]]s to invade [[Sea Base 4]]. They attempted to launch [[nuclear weapon]]s to provoke a war between the two major power blocs. They were killed when the base was flooded with [[hexachromite gas]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[Warriors of the Deep]]'')
The Silurians underneath [[Wales]] in [[2020]] used guns reminiscent of Sea Devil guns which could fire fatal energy beams. They also wore armour and used special [[mask]]s that covered their faces and allowed them to scan objects. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Hungry Earth (TV story)}} / {{cs|Cold Blood (TV story)}}) In an [[Alternate timeline (Supremacy of the Cybermen)|alternate timeline]], these guns were utilised by the [[Cyber-Silurian]]s of prehistoric Earth, although their [[barrel]]s were coloured [[blue]] instead of [[green]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)}})


===Post-contact===
Another type of weapon used was the [[Silurian blaster]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror (TV story)}})
At some point after the 2084 incident, a human colony faced a devastating war against the Earth Reptiles. A last-resort weapon developed by humans was the creation of a doomsday device which they placed on a moon base around the colony and designed to scour the surface of the colony. To combat this, the Earth Reptiles dispatched [[Quarra]] to infiltrate the base and take it over. However, she was unaware of an entertainer called [[Jen Yates]] who was not on the crew count and this last survivor managed to activate the weapon thus killing everyone on the colony below. Though Quarra killed Jen, the shock of the event led to Quarra taking on the entertainer's personality to shield her from the truth of the events. She believed that she was now human and that she was guarding the weapon alone in case the Earth Reptiles won the war. After a visit by the [[Seventh Doctor|Doctor]], Quarra remembered the past events and killed herself by walking onto the surface of the moon without a spacesuit. ([[ST]]: ''[[Cold War (short story)|Cold War]]'')


By the [[26th century]], the inter-species conflicts appeared to have come to an end. Silurians and Sea Devils were accepted into Earth society, and the term "Earth Reptile" was apparently popularized among humans. ([[NA]]: ''[[Love and War]]'')
=== Travel technology ===
Silurians also used numerous forms of transport, such as [[aeroplane]]s, ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)}}, {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}}) [[car]]s, [[ship]]s and [[submarine]]s. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}})


During the [[29th century]], when solar flares were threatening to engulf the Earth, the Silurians built a spacecraft, surreptiously attatching it to the bottom of the humans' own. After takeoff, a [[Dalek]] attack caused the Silurian ship to break away from the humans. What happened to the Silurian ship afterwards is unknown. ([[VG]]: ''[[Doctor Who: Evacuation Earth]]'')
[[File:Silurian Ark.jpg|left|thumb|A [[Silurian Ark]] approaching [[Earth]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Dinosaurs on a Spaceship (TV story)}})]][[Silurian Ark]]s were a type of [[spaceship]] created by the Silurians, with one originally designed to ensure the survival of a group of Silurians and several [[dinosaur]] specimens from the formation of [[The Moon|Earth's moon]], ([[TV]]: {{cs|Dinosaurs on a Spaceship (TV story)}}) as an alternative to the [[hibernation unit]]s used by the other Silurians. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Hungry Earth (TV story)}}, {{cs|Cold Blood (TV story)}}) Silurian Arks were also used during the [[Siege of Trenzalore]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Time of the Doctor (TV story)}}) In an [[Alternate timeline (Supremacy of the Cybermen)|alternate timeline]], the [[Cyber-Silurian]]s produced entire [[army|armies]] of [[Cyber-Ark]]s, Silurian Arks designed to quickly seed whole [[planet]]s with [[Cyber-Technology]]. A workshop of at least one of these Arks was transformed into a mass [[Cyber-conversion|conversion]] chamber. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)}})


In the [[30th century]], the Earth Reptiles were part of the [[Earth Empire]] and were considered full members of that government, due to the fact that they were an Earthborn species. ([[NA]]: ''[[So Vile a Sin]]'') In the [[32nd century]], it became illegal to trade in Earth Reptile pituitary analogue extract on the planet [[Dramos (planet)|Dramos]]. ([[MA]]: ''[[Burning Heart]]'')
=== Miscellaneous technology ===
Silurians had cryogenic technology which they used to preserve their civilisation when they believed the [[Earth]] was in danger. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}}) These had alarms for when the colony was threatened. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Hungry Earth (TV story)}}/{{cs|Cold Blood (TV story)}})


In the year [[3020]], one thousand years after the [[Cold Blood|encounter]] at [[Cwmtaff]], Eldane's Clan were scheduled to reawaken and unite with [[human]]ity and their Earth Reptile cousins. ([[DW]]: [[Cold Blood]])
They could use [[gravity bubble]]s to travel to and from the surface. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Hungry Earth (TV story)}}/{{cs|Cold Blood (TV story)}}) They also had mechanical airships, which [[Bernice Summerfield]] used and found to be of high quality. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|St Anthony's Fire (novel)}}) They had some [[hologram|holographic technology]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}})


In [[3110]], a Silurian was running the [[Musée d'Orsay]], which the [[Eleventh Doctor]] visited. ([[WC]]: ''[[The War of Art]]'')
They could modify the atmosphere, increasing the temperature in certain areas. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Blood Heat (novel)}}) They had the ability to disperse the [[Van Allen belt]] using a [[molecular disperser]], which would have left Earth defenceless against cosmic radiation in an attempt to exterminate humanity. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}})


In the [[101st century]], the Earth Reptiles were part of [[the Union]]. ([[MA]]: ''[[The Crystal Bucephalus]]'')
Silurians could create [[force field]]s to trap an entire village, controlling the amount of light that got in (effectively making it night). ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Hungry Earth (TV story)}}) They also had [[wrist device]]s. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Warriors of the Deep (TV story)}})


===Undated events===
The Silurians invented [[candle]]s which could induce [[lucid dream]]s, allowing people to communicate across time and space. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Name of the Doctor (TV story)}}) They used [[sonic lantern]]s to corral dinosaurs. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Deep Breath (TV story)}})
*At some point in history, a group of Silurians (similar in appearance to the Welsh tribe) joined [[The Alliance]], and assisted in sealing the Doctor within the [[Pandorica]]. ([[DW]]: ''[[The Pandorica Opens (TV story)|The Pandorica Opens]]'')[[File:Destiny_of_the_silurians.png|thumb|A Silurian in the TARDIS. ([[VG]]: ''[[Destiny of the Doctors]]'')]]
*A group of armed Silurian warriors resembling those from [[Wales]] were called upon by [[The Doctor]] to assist him in the battle of [[Demons Run]], to rescue [[Amy Pond]]. [[Vastra]] was among them, but came from a different time. However, many of these Silurians were killed by the [[Headless Monks]]. It is unknown how many, if any, survived (except for Vastra, who did survive), or where exactly they came from. ([[DW]]: [[A Good Man Goes to War]])
*[[The Master]] tried to kill [[Graak]] with a group of Silurians. ([[VG]]: [[Destiny of the Doctors]])


===Alternative histories===
=== Cyber-conversion ===
*In one alternative version of the [[1990]]s, the Doctor having died during the Wenley Moor incident, the Silurians ruled Earth unchecked, introducing [[dinosaur]]s into Earth's ecosystem. ([[NA]]: ''[[Blood Heat]]'')
[[File:Supremacy of the Cybermen Silurian conversion.jpg|thumb|A Silurian undergoing [[cyber-conversion]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)}})]]The [[Cyber-Silurian]]s of an [[Alternate timeline (Supremacy of the Cybermen)|alternate timeline]] used organic [[Cyber-pod|pods]] as [[cyber-conversion]] [[Cyberfication machine|machines]]. Although predominantly used to slowly cyber-convert Silurians by "growing" cybernetic implants onto their flesh, these pods were also capable of converting [[Time Lord]]s such as the [[Eleventh Doctor]]; in the latter's case, the Doctor's body was slowly enveloped by [[metal]] implants that grew over his [[body]]. Additionally, Cyber-Silurians rode on [[dinosaur]]s with cybernetic implants on their [[face]]s; these dinosaurs were weak to the Eleventh Doctor's [[sonic screwdriver]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)}})
*In another alternative 1990s, the Doctor died during the same incident. Silurians, Sea Devils and humans live, however in peace, under the URIC or United Races Intelligence Command, formerly known as UNIT. ([[DWM]]: ''[[Final Genesis]]'')
*In a timeline diverging from the 1970s, the Silurians (refered to as "lizards") unleashed an [[Invasion of the Dinosaurs|army of dinosaurs]] on [[London]]. UNIT used time-travel technology to wipe out the Silurians with nuclear weaponry before they could wake up in the 1970s. ([[DWU]]: ''[[Sympathy for the Devil]]'')


===Other references===
== History ==
*There were believed to be Silurians and Sea Devils on [[Mondas]] as well as Earth (much like the [[human]]s and the [[Mondasian]]s being identical). They worshipped [[Golgoth]], a primordial god-figure, who resembled a Sea Devil. ([[DWM]]: ''[[The Cybermen]]'': ''[[The Dead Heart]]'')
=== Evolution ===
[[File:The Evolution Episode Vastra ancestor.jpg|thumb|left|A primitive ancestor of the Silurians. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Evolution Episode (short story)}})]]The Silurians evolved on [[Earth]]. One of the evolutionary ancestors of the Silurians was a larger, more feral humanoid creature. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Evolution Episode (short story)}})


==Behind the scenes==
By one account, Silurians existed due to the explosion of [[Scaroth]]'s spaceship altering the course of Earth's evolution. [[Mondas]], which did not have Silurians, had [[Mondasian|its equivalent to humans]] in the same era as the Silurians due to it following the original course of evolution. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Cybermen (reference book)}})
*[[Alan Moore]]'s graphic novel series, ''[[wikipedia:The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen|The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen]] ''features reference to lizard-men called Silurians and [[Sea Devil]]s and retcons [[wikipedia:Gill-man|the Creature from the Black Lagoon]] into being a Silurian.
===Dating issue===
The Silurians have never been accurately dated. As implied by their names, they were first thought to be from the [[:wikipedia:Silurian|Silurian period]] (roughly 440 million to 415 million years ago), though this was before the first reptiles are believed to have evolved. The [[Third Doctor]] mused that the [[:wikipedia:Eocene|Eocene period]] (roughly 55 million to 35 million years ago) would have been a more accurate dating, although this was after the [[dinosaur]]s (which the Silurians were shown using) were believed to have become extinct. The Silurians were also seen to have a map of Pangaea from around 200 million years ago, which was the late [[:wikipedia:Triassic|Triassic period]]. The [[Eleventh Doctor]] told Alaya that she was "300 million years outside of your comfort zone," in ''[[The Hungry Earth]]'' which would place them around the late [[:wikipedia:Permian|Permian period]], although later in the same episode he referenced that they were sometimes called Eocenes. Silurians tended to make references to early apes, which are believed to have [[evolution|evolved]] at some point between 40 to 15 million years ago, or the late Eocene to the [[:wikipedia:Miocene|Miocene period]].


''[[The Quantum Archangel]]'' suggests that [[the Moon]] was orbiting the [[Earth]] before 150 million year ago, which means the Silurians ruled before the [[:wikipedia:Jurassic|Jurassic]].
=== Dominance ===
{{Main|Age of the Silurians}}
The Silurians were the original masters of [[Earth]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}}) According to historians, a group of Silurians evolved into the [[Sea Devil]]s during a period of tectonic upheaval, when conditions on the [[land]] deteriorated and the Silurians had to spend more time [[feeding]] and [[breeding]] in the [[sea]] until it became their sole [[habitat]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Monster Vault (novel)}}) On [[28 January]] [[BC|425,000,000 BC]], the Silurians signed a [[Peace treaty|peace deal]] with the Sea Devils. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Time Traveller's Diary (novel)}})


''According to current theories, the moon wasn't created elsewhere in the solar system and captured by Earth's gravity, but was actually created from the debris thrown up from the impact of a Mars-like body hitting the Earth a few million years after its formation. ''
Both the Silurians and Sea Devils were led by the [[Triad]], their "custodians". ([[TV]]: {{cs|Warriors of the Deep (TV story)}}) In the early era of their rule, there were many stories of the rise of their civilisation. One noted legendary [[warrior]] chieftain was [[Masz K'll]] of the [[Third Dynasty]], who fought against his [[evil]] alter-ego, the legendary Two-Faced Lizard. Another figure was [[Panun E'Ni]], who was the leader of the [[Southern Clan]] and conquered much of the world, which he ruled cruelly for a brief period until his defeat at the hands of [[Tun W'lzz]]. Following that event, the previously imprisoned and cast out tribes came together in a new, more unified civilisation that ate their foes. Whether these were folk stories or historical facts was of no importance to them, as they inspired the Earth Reptiles for a millennium, with many of these writings left within their [[Hall of Heroes]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}})


===Naming issue===
In this era, the Silurians co-existed in groups of clans that lived alongside the original ape primitives that were developing on their planet. As a lesser species, these hominids became the primary livestock of the Silurians. In order to improve their flavour, a Silurian scientist by the name of [[Tulok]] began to genetically engineer the apes. This led to a faster breeding cycle as well as intelligence, creating early ''[[human|Homo sapiens]]''. For his genetic crimes, the Silurians banished Tulok and his creations to die in the coming cataclysm. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Bloodtide (audio story)}}) These primitive, ape-like men began to hunt in packs and attacked the Silurians. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Twilight of the Silurians (comic story)}}) They also began to prey on the crops of the Silurians, leading the Earth Reptiles to use [[Silurian virus|plagues]] to exterminate them. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}}) The Silurians were also afflicted by the plagues of the [[red leech]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Crimson Horror (TV story)}})
The naming of the Silurians also tends to be inaccurate or questionable. As stated above, both Silurian and Eocene are of questionable accuracy, though the Silurians are said to be named after the [[:wikipedia:Silures|Silures]]. {{fact}} Another name given in ''[[Blood Heat]]'', ''Psionosauropodamorphae'', translates as ''psychic lizard-foot shaped''. This may be intended to suggest a connection between the Silurians and the sauropod family of dinosaurs, though this seems unlikely given the near-total lack of physical resemblance and the comparatively small cerebral capacity of most sauropod dinosaurs. ''Homo reptilia'', one of the suggested names used in ''[[City of Devils]]'' and ''[[The Hungry Earth]]'' / ''[[Cold Blood]]'', cannot be a scientific term. The rules governing the use of [[Wikipedia:Genus|genera]] prevent any two separate groups within a kingdom (''i.e. animals'') from using the same genus. A more approriate term would be ''Reptilia sapien. ''
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{{Silurian & Sea Devil stories}}
At the height of their civilisation, the Silurians lived in cities of metal, and had uncontested dominion over the planet. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Twilight of the Silurians (comic story)}}) They had as many political factions as mankind would have. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Call to Arms (audio story)}})
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However, this era was cut short. Some of their scientists, such as Doctor [[Wolik]], calculated that a small planetoid was destined to draw the atmosphere away from Earth when it passed very close to it, preventing the surface from being breathable, ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)}}, [[COMIC]]: {{cs|Twilight of the Silurians (comic story)}}) wiping out "all life". ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}}) Others, such as [[Nagara]], believed it to be a simple scare story, while [[Soron]]'s figures showed it would miss Earth completely, ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Twilight of the Silurians (comic story)}}) although the government had ordered the construction of shelters where Silurians would remain in [[suspended animation]] ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)}, [[COMIC]]: {{cs|Twilight of the Silurians (comic story)}}) when the small planetoid first appeared. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)}})
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The planetoid appeared either two ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)}}) or twelve years before the [[great hibernation]] took place. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}}) Either way, the hibernation process took a while with different clans, sub-species, and factions hibernating at different times and places. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Call to Arms (audio story)}}) The [[Third Doctor]] repeated the claim to [[Marc Marshall]] that the Silurians built the shelters when they thought the planet would "suck away" Earth's atmosphere as it rushed by. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}}) Conversely, the [[Fifth Doctor]] recalled that the Silurian astronomers predicted that Earth was about to be "struck" by the planet at the time, ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Warriors of the Deep (novelisation)}}) and the [[Eleventh Doctor]] described the trajectory of the planet the astronomers had predicted as a "crash course". ([[TV]]: {{cs|Cold Blood (TV story)}})
[[Category:Silurians and Sea Devils|*]]
 
When the planet was days away from causing the calculated catastrophe, the Silurians agreed to take refuge inside their shelters, so their civilisation could survive the coming disaster and reclaim their world once the danger had passed. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)}}, [[COMIC]]: {{cs|Twilight of the Silurians (comic story)}})
 
One group of [[late Silurian]]s decided to leave Earth in order to escape the "destructive impact". Boarding the [[Silurian Ark]], a spaceship carrying Silurians and several species of [[dinosaur]], they placed themselves in suspended animation, with the ship programmed to bring them back to Earth long after the effects of the upcoming disaster had dissipated. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Dinosaurs on a Spaceship (TV story)}}) The Ark was launched on [[4 June]] [[BC|100,000,000 BC]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Time Traveller's Diary (novel)}})
 
The Silurians were divided on the matter of a mating between the land castes and aquatic castes. Normally, such matings were forbidden, and any offspring were killed along with their parents. However, facing the threat of a global cataclysm, they allowed a colony of such hybrids to remain in their [[Shelter]] under the island of [[L'Ithe]]. With the rest of the Silurian race, they took part in the great hibernation. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}})
 
The Silurians sealed themselves in their underground [[hibernation unit]]s, ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}}) along with a male and female of all the more useful reptile animals, ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)}}) and planned to suspend their lives until the atmosphere returned, ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}}, [[COMIC]]: {{cs|Twilight of the Silurians (comic story)}}) by using a device on the ground above each shelter containing the hibernation units which would automatically trigger a massive amount of electricity to wake the Silurians once the atmosphere returned to normal. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)}})
 
However, they were unaware the dangerous planetoid that they predicted would draw away the atmosphere was instead drawn into Earth's orbit and became [[the Moon]]. As a result, the Silurians were never revived, as the atmosphere was not drawn away for it to return to the planet. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}}) Although the atmosphere was never completely drawn off and the creatures on the surface did not suffocate, many [[mammal]]ian life forms perished, while others survived, due to the great forces caused by the Moon's appearance creating cyclones and tidal waves. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)}}) During millions of years of hibernation, the reactivation machinery of the hibernation units deteriorated, ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Sea Devils (TV story)}}) leaving an unknown number of Silurians, possibly billions of them, trapped in sleep. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Silurian Candidate (audio story)}})
 
Despite their intentions to punish Tulok, the renegade Silurian scientist instead sabotaged a number of the hibernation chambers and destroyed them. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Bloodtide (audio story)}})
 
The [[Arkive]] tried to attract the Silurians to [[Saturn]] in order to repair itself. Though the Silurians noticed one of Saturn's moons being destroyed, they were too busy preparing for the disaster to investigate. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Wheel of Ice (novel)}})
 
:''[[#Dating issue|The time of this rule has never been consistently dated]]''.
 
=== Awakenings ===
Over the millions of years since their rule, many of the Silurians' prominent structures such as the Hall of Heroes were lost to erosion and plate movement which erased any traces of their ancient civilisation. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}}) After millions of years, some of the Silurian [[hibernation unit]]s were activated and opened in a world now ruled by [[human]]ity.
 
In [[102]], a number of Silurian Hunters were part of [[Pandorica Alliance|the Alliance]] that imprisoned the [[Eleventh Doctor]] in the [[Pandorica]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Pandorica Opens (TV story)}})
 
In the [[Norman Conquest]] of [[England]] in [[1066]], ([[TV]]: {{cs|Co-Owner of a Lonely Heart (TV story)}}) some Silurian Hunters seemingly awoke and battled [[Norman]] cavalry. This battle was depicted in the [[Bayeux Tapestry]]. ([[GRAPHIC]]: {{cs|Knights (illustration)}})
 
==== 19th century ====
[[Charles Darwin]] and the [[HMS Beagle|HMS ''Beagle'']] expedition, along with the [[Sixth Doctor]] and [[Evelyn Smythe]], encountered a rogue Silurian group in the [[Galápagos Islands]]. The leader of this group was Tulok, who claimed to be responsible for creating humanity's prehistoric ancestors via a forbidden breeding program. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Bloodtide (audio story)}})
 
Prior to [[1888]], a group of Silurians was awoken by the digging of the [[London Underground]]. This led to the death of several navvies. [[Vastra]], a skilled Silurian warrior who had been awoken by their digging, wanted revenge. The Doctor convinced her to live peacefully in [[London]]. In 1888 she resided with her human partner [[Jenny Flint|Jenny]], although she fed on human criminals. Then, she and several of her soldiers were called up by the Doctor to fight at the [[Battle of Demon's Run]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|A Good Man Goes to War (TV story)}}) Vastra subsequently became the leader of the [[Paternoster Gang]], protecting the Earth of that era from threats. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Snowmen (TV story)}}, {{cs|The Crimson Horror (TV story)}}, {{cs|The Name of the Doctor (TV story)}}, {{cs|Deep Breath (TV story)}})
 
A distinct Silurian [[hibernation facility]]'s [[reanimation unit]] was awoken when the Doctor drew [[vortex energy]] from London, which had become a space-time [[Waypoint]], and its [[Triad]] emerged in [[Hyde Park]], intent on using a [[Tyrannosaurus rex]] and the [[Silurian plague]] to wipe out the human "infestation" of the zone they deemed to be under their control. After learning that Vastra's colony had been all but wiped out, they also claimed authority over its "zone". However, their reign was short-lived with Vastra stunning the three with her [[tongue]] and putting them back in hibernation, sealing the tunnel in Hyde Park, while the Doctor took the T-rex back to its home era. One of the three humans they'd captured as prospective carriers for the plague was a Mr [[Arthur Conan Doyle|Doyle]]. ([[GAME]]: {{cs|Lost in Time (video game)}})
 
[[File:Silurian.JPG|thumb|right|The Silurian [[Vekkis]] in [[1892]] ([[GAME]]: {{cs|The Eternity Clock (video game)}})]]In [[1892]], the Silurians led by their leader [[Vekkis]] found a piece of the [[Eternity Clock]] to reclaim Earth. They planned to use the power of the Clock to pump toxin to wipe out the human race. The Eleventh Doctor and [[River Song]] destroyed the toxin and took the Eternity Clock. ([[GAME]]: {{cs|The Eternity Clock (video game)}})
 
[[Jules Verne]] and [[the Doctor]] once encountered Silurians and a [[giant squid]]. This incident was worked into ''[[20,000 Leagues Under the Sea]]'', though the Doctor had some difficulties convincing Jules to remove the parts with the Silurians. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Peacemaker (novel)}}) In [[1903]], after receiving a wealth of information from the future, [[Grigori Rasputin]] saw beings which lived beneath the surface of the Earth. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Wanderer (audio story)}})
 
==== 20th century ====
In the late [[20th century]] a group of Silurians were awakened from hibernation by the energy from the nearby [[Wenley Moor nuclear research facility|nuclear power research centre]] at [[Wenley Moor]]. After disagreement between [[Okdel L'da]] and [[Morka]] over a course of action, Morka won out, killing Okdel, and the Silurians tried to reclaim the planet from [[human]]ity by releasing a [[Silurian virus|deadly virus]]. This plan was prevented by Dr [[Liz Shaw]] of [[UNIT]] and the [[Third Doctor]], when they had the cure mass-produced. After this plan was thwarted, they tried using their [[molecular disperser]] to destroy Earth's [[van Allen belt]], so that the sun's radiation would burn the humans to death while allowing the cold-blooded Silurians to survive, but Liz and the Doctor stopped them again when they overloaded the disperser and the facility's reactor. Despite the Doctor's best efforts to broker a peaceful solution, the Silurian base was bombed by UNIT by order of [[Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart|Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}})
 
While in some accounts the tribe were said to have been killed as stated by the Third Doctor, ([[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}}) the Eleventh Doctor, ([[TV]]: {{cs|Cold Blood (TV story)}}) and Madame Vastra, ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Rescue (audio story)}}) according to another account, the Third Doctor said they were only entombed. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}}) Shortly afterwards, a second base was awoken in [[Oregon]], and was likewise dealt with by UNIT. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Devil Goblins from Neptune (novel)}})
 
Following this, the Silurian-Sea Devil hybrids [[Baal D'jo]] and [[Tahni]] kidnapped the human boy [[Marc Marshall]], and took him to their shelter under the island of [[L'Ithe]] to experiment on him. They intended to prolong the hybrids' short lifespan, but Baal later allowed Marc to be returned to the British mainland when Marc's presence in the shelter no longer suited the hybrids. When the shelter's leader [[Chukk]] was killed by a [[C19]] [[Jana Kristan (imposter)|agent]], Baal and Tahni's power-hungry mother [[Auggi D'jo]] took over and intended to take back Earth from humanity. Her fleet was pushed back by UNIT on the [[Kent]] coast. Baal and Tahni took over the shelter, while Auggi escaped in her [[Silurian battlecruiser|battlecruiser]]. Liz offered to continue to help the hybrids find a cure for their condition. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Scales of Injustice (novel)}})
 
In the aftermath of Wenley Moor, UNIT began a search for any other colonies using a device invented by the Doctor. Mike Yates was involved while Benton trooped around the country. Standard protocols were to keep an eye on the Silurians and make sure they stayed asleep and alive. Some colonies would awaken over time but, when seeing how many humans there were, opt to return to hibernation. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Call to Arms (audio story)}})
 
In [[1983]], [[Sarah Jane Smith]] and [[K9 Mark III|K9]], while visiting [[Warren Martyn]]'s [[archaeology|archaeological]] expedition in [[Egypt]], discovered an underground city of Silurians and Sea Devils. Sarah Jane opened diplomatic relations with them. On her return to England, she contacted the Brigadier, who wished to make amends for his earlier mistakes. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|City of Devils (comic story)}})
 
==== 21st century ====
By [[2003]] there were Silurians serving as part of UNIT, in particular [[Imorkal]], who worked with Liz at [[Tranquillity Moonbase]] located on Earth's Moon. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Eternity Weeps (novel)}}) In the [[Summer]] of [[2004]], the [[Ninth Doctor]] rescued [[GPW's children|two children]] from "lizard people" in [[Castleton]], in the [[Peak District]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Have You Seen This Man? (short story)}}) Also in 2004, Sir Alistair helped the Silurians try to finally make peace with the humans, though the general public believed it to be a stunt involving men in rubber suits. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Coup (audio story)}}) Later, the Silurians aided UNIT in finding a cure for a plague. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|The Wasting (audio story)}})
 
In late [[2010]], a fossilised Silurian egg was discovered by the [[Pharos Institute]]. Sarah Jane went to the institute to take a look at it. ([[TV]]: {{cs|SJAF 6}})
 
In the [[2010s]], [[Silurian (Face the Raven)|a Silurian]] was a resident of the hidden [[Trap Street, London|trap street]] in [[London]] which housed lost aliens on [[Earth]] under the protection of [[Ashildr|Mayor Me]]. As with the rest of the inhabitants it appeared cloaked in human form through use of the [[lurkworm]]s. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Face the Raven (TV story)}})
 
In [[2020]], a [[Silurian city]] in [[Wales]] was awoken by a mining trial led by [[Nasreen Chaudhry]] and [[Tony Mack]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Hungry Earth (TV story)}}) The giant drill had attacked the Silurians' oxygen pockets. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Cold Blood (TV story)}}) The Silurians took corpses from a graveyard for study, as well as [[Mo Northover]] and later [[Amy Pond]] as living subjects. Eventually they contained the village in a [[force field]] and captured [[Elliot Northover]]. [[Alaya]] came to the surface and was captured. While the Eleventh Doctor and Nasreen travelled to the Silurian city to negotiate her return for Mo, Elliot and Amy, Alaya was guarded by Tony, [[Rory Williams]] and [[Ambrose Northover]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Hungry Earth (TV story)}}) The Eleventh Doctor and Nasreen were captured, while Amy and Mo escaped.
 
[[File:Very Gleaming.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Eleventh Doctor]] and a group of humans in a Silurian city ([[TV]]: {{cs|Cold Blood (TV story)}})]]After an abortive rescue attempt, the Doctor was able to convince the Silurian leader, [[Eldane]], to negotiate with Amy and Nasreen for the future of both their races. Back on the surface, Ambrose tried to help her family and threatened Alaya, accidentally killing her just as the group were summoned to the city. She also set the drill to start burrowing again in fifteen minutes. Alaya's death, and Ambrose's threat to the city, was received badly, especially by Alaya's sister, [[Restac]], who tried to kill all the humans in retribution. Eldane managed to lead the Doctor and his friends to a laboratory. He [[toxic fumigation|released a deadly gas into the city]], forcing Restac's troops to return to their hibernation. The Doctor stopped the drilling by destroying the drill with an energy pulse, which also sealed off the city in a cave-in. The timer was set for a thousand years to permit a second chance at negotiation. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Cold Blood (TV story)}})
 
Circa [[2084]], a group of Silurians allied themselves with the [[Sea Devil]]s to invade [[Sea Base 4]]. They attempted to launch [[nuclear weapon]]s to provoke a war between the two major power blocs. They were killed when the [[Fifth Doctor]], perceiving no more peaceful option, flooded the base with [[hexachromite gas]] in order to kill them. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Warriors of the Deep (TV story)}})
 
=== Post-contact ===
At some point after the 2084 incident, a human colony faced a devastating war against the Earth Reptiles. Humans developed a doomsday device which they placed in a base around the moon colony, designed to scour the surface of the satellite. To combat this, the Earth Reptiles dispatched [[Qurra]] to infiltrate the base and take it over. However, she was unaware of an entertainer called [[Jen Yates]] who was not on the crew count, and this last survivor managed to activate the weapon, killing everyone in the colony. Though Qurra killed Jen, the shock of the event led to Qurra taking on the entertainer's personality to shield her from the truth. She believed that she was now human and that she was guarding the weapon alone in case the Earth Reptiles won the war. After a visit by the [[Seventh Doctor]], Qurra remembered the past and killed herself by walking onto the surface of the moon without a spacesuit. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Cold War (short story)}})
 
In [[2367]], [[Solomon (Dinosaurs on a Spaceship)|Solomon]] sent a distress signal to the [[Silurian Ark]]. Realising that there were valuable dinosaurs on board, he and his robots slaughtered the Silurian crew. Unable to pilot the ship to his destination as it required two pilots with the same gene-chain, the Ark headed back to Earth where it was detected by the [[Indian Space Agency|ISA]]. [[Eleventh Doctor|The Doctor]] formed [[The Eleventh Doctor's gang|a gang]] to investigate the ship after learning of the situation and to save the ship from being shot down by the ISA. As the ship came under threat of destruction, it was piloted to safety by [[Brian Williams (Dinosaurs on a Spaceship)|Brian]] and [[Rory Williams]] who had the same gene-chain as they were father and son while the missiles were tricked into destroying Solomon's ship instead. In the aftermath, the dinosaurs were taken from the Ark and transported to a new home on [[Siluria]] by the Doctor and Brian. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Dinosaurs on a Spaceship (TV story)}})
 
By the [[26th century]], the inter-species conflicts appeared to have come to an end. Silurians and Sea Devils were accepted into Earth society, and the term "Earth Reptile" was apparently popularised among humans. A small squadron of Silurian vessels fought and drove off the [[Dalek]] force at the [[Battle of Alpha Centauri]] during the [[Second Dalek War]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Love and War (novel)}})
 
During the [[29th century]], when solar flares were threatening to engulf the Earth, the Silurians built a spacecraft, surreptitiously attaching it to the bottom of the humans' own. After takeoff, a [[Dalek]] attack caused the Silurian ship to break away from the humans. ([[GAME]]: {{cs|Evacuation Earth (video game)}})
 
In the [[30th century]], the Earth Reptiles were part of the [[Earth Empire]], considered full members of the government as an Earthborn species. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|So Vile a Sin (novel)}})
 
One thousand years after the encounter at Cwmtaff, Eldane's clan were scheduled to reawaken and unite with [[human]]ity and their Earth Reptile cousins. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Cold Blood (TV story)}})
 
In the [[32nd century]], it became illegal on [[Dramos (asteroid)|Dramos]] to trade in Earth Reptile pituitary analogue extract. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Burning Heart (novel)}})
 
In [[3110]], a Silurian was running the [[Musée d'Orsay]] when the Eleventh Doctor visited it. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The War of Art (WEB short story)}})
 
Around the [[52nd century]], a group of armed Silurian warriors resembling those from Wales were called upon by the Eleventh Doctor to help him in the Battle of Demon's Run to rescue Amy Pond. Many of these Silurians were killed by the [[Headless Monks]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|A Good Man Goes to War (TV story)}})
 
In the [[67th century]], a Wenley Moor-type Silurian appeared among the Perils of the Constant Division listed in a vid-briefing aboard the hospital ship [[Tsuranga]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Tsuranga Conundrum (TV story)}})
 
In the [[91st century]], a Silurian actor starred as the protagonist of a film adaptation of [[H. G. Wells]]' ''[[The Time Machine]]'' spoken in [[haiku]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Synthespians™ (novel)}})
 
In the [[101st century]], the Earth Reptiles were part of [[the Union]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Crystal Bucephalus (novel)}})
 
=== Undated events ===
[[File:Surfshock.jpg|thumb|right|A Silurian on [[Beachelguese]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Surfshock (comic story)}})]]Early Silurians and Sea Devils were part of a [[fleet of Alien Monsters]] whose threat to [[Fleet of Alien Monsters' attempted destruction of Earth|destroy]] [[Earth]] was opposed by a [[Legendary Legion]] assembled by the [[Fourth Doctor]]. ([[GAME]]: {{cs|Doctor Who Trump Card Game (game)}})
 
A Silurian visited [[Beachelguese]] with a Sea Devil and a [[Macra]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Surfshock (comic story)}})
 
At least one Silurian Hunter was abducted and sent to face their fear in [[God Complex|the Minotaur's Prison Ship]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The God Complex (TV story)}})
 
A dead Silurian was seen on a battlefield. A [[Corvid]] fed on its mind. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Highgate Horror (comic story)}})
 
A Silurian called [[Wanda]] trapped humans in the monkey enclosure in the zoo. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Untitled (10DY3 4 comic story)}})
 
[[File:Destiny of the silurians.jpg|thumb|A Silurian in [[the TARDIS]]. ([[GAME]]: {{cs|Destiny of the Doctors (video game)}})]]The [[Tremas Master]] attempted to kill [[the Doctor]]'s ally [[the Graak]] with a group of Silurians. ([[GAME]]: {{cs|Destiny of the Doctors (video game)}})
 
[[Silurian Ark]]s were present above [[Trenzalore]] when they were drawn there by the First Question. They retreated or burned during the [[Siege of Trenzalore]] when the [[Dalek]]s broke through the planetary [[force field]] of the [[Papal Mainframe]] and intense fighting began. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Time of the Doctor (TV }})
 
A [[Silurian (Summer Wholiday)|Silurian]] was at [[Florana]] when the Eleventh Doctor, Amy, and Rory went there for their summer holiday. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Summer Wholiday (comic story)}})
 
[[File:Alliance of Races.jpg|thumb|The [[Alliance of Races]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Gangland (comic story)}})]]The Silurians joined [[Rassilon]]'s [[Alliance of Races]] in the [[Great Inferno]], the war with [[Hyperion (species)|Hyperions]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Terrorformer (comic story)}) After the Hyperions were defeated, the Alliance then went on to purge the universe of other threats to universal harmony, one of those threats being Count [[D'if]] of the [[Cybock Imperium]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Gangland (comic story)}})
 
=== Alternate histories ===
In one alternate version of the [[1970]]s, the [[Third Doctor]] having died during the Wenley Moor incident, the Silurians ruled Earth unchecked. They reintroduced [[dinosaur]]s into Earth's ecosystem and reduced the surviving humans into powerless scavengers. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|Blood Heat (novel)}})
 
Another alternate history branched out from the same incident. In this timeline, the Third Doctor and the Brigadier died during the same incident. However the Silurians, Sea Devils and humans now lived in peace under the URIC or [[United Races Intelligence Command]], formerly known as UNIT. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Final Genesis (comic story)}})
 
In an [[Alternate timeline (Time & Time Again)|alternate timeline]] created by the [[Black Guardian]] where the [[First Doctor]] never left [[Gallifrey]], and became [[Lord President]], the Silurians and the Sea Devils fought over [[Earth]] with a number of [[alien]] invaders such as the [[Zygon]]s, the [[Ice Warrior]]s and the [[Sontaran]]s. This timeline was destroyed when the [[Seventh Doctor]] retrieved the [[Key to Time]]. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Time & Time Again (comic story)}})
 
In a [[River Song's World|world]] where all of history occurred at once, Silurians lived alongside humans. [[Malohkeh]] served as physician to the Holy Roman Emperor, [[Winston Churchill]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Wedding of River Song (TV story)}})
 
In an [[Alternate timeline (Supremacy of the Cybermen)|alternate timeline]] where the [[Cyberman|Cybermen]] used [[Time Lord]] resources to conquer all of [[history]], the Silurians of prehistoric Earth were converted into [[Cyber-Silurian]]s and transformed [[Silurian Ark]]s into [[Cyber-Ark]]s, with the intention of launching the Arks into [[space]] and seeding [[N-Space|the universe]] with [[Cyber-Technology]] before [[human]]ity could begin to evolve. The [[Eleventh Doctor]] and [[Alice Obiefune]] attempted to stop the Cyber-Silurians, but the Doctor was upgraded into the [[Cyberiad]] onboard a Cyber-Ark after teleporting Alice out to escape several newly-awakened Cyber-Silurians. The Doctor used his new [[cyber-connection]] to deactivate the [[emotional inhibitor]]s of the Cyber-Silurians; in retaliation, the Cyberiad killed all the Cyber-Silurians and immediately launched the full Cyber-Ark fleet. However, following the [[Twelfth Doctor]] and [[Rassilon]]'s [[regeneration energy|regeneration]] of the universe via the [[Eye of Harmony]] on [[Gallifrey]], these events, and, by extension, the rest of the timeline, were erased from history. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)}})
 
=== Parallel dimensions ===
When [[Avalon (The Shadows of Avalon)|Avalon]] was created as a shelter for the [[Catuvellauni]], some Silurians were unintentionally brought there as well. Their descendants were known as the [[Fair Folk]]. ([[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Shadows of Avalon (novel)}})
 
=== The Silurians of Mondas ===
{{Main|Lizard King}}
[[Lizard King]]s were the [[Mondas]]ian counterparts of the Silurians, much as [[human]]s and the [[Mondasian]]s were identical. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|The Dead Heart (comic story)}})
 
=== References ===
In the [[video game]] ''[[Happy Deathday]]'', played by [[Izzy Sinclair]] on the [[Time-Space Visualiser]], a Silurian was among a host of "every single [[enemy]]" that [[the Doctor]] had ever [[defeat]]ed, who were assembled by the [[Beige Guardian]] and pitted against the Doctor's first eight [[incarnation]]s. ([[COMIC]]: {{cs|Happy Deathday (comic story)}})
 
[[Jack Harkness]] stated that the Doctor had once mentioned something described in Silurian mythology that could have been [[the Blessing]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|The Blood Line (TV story)}})
 
The [[Twelfth Doctor]] said "It's the Silurians all over again" when [[Clara Oswald]] named the [[Sandman (Sleep No More)|Sandmen]]. ([[TV]]: {{cs|Sleep No More (TV story)}})
 
A [[Silurian blaster]] was among the technology appropriated by the [[Skithra]]. This was recognised by the [[Thirteenth Doctor]], though her [[Team TARDIS]] [[companion]]s were unfamiliar with them, with [[Graham O'Brien]] pronouncing their name as "Slymurian". ([[TV]]: {{cs|Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror (TV story)}})
 
When [[the Flux]] scrambled a number of words from the [[Thirteenth Doctor]]'s past, one of these terms was "Silurians", with the clue left by the Doctor to help readers of [[Book (Flux Fixers)|her book]] unscramble it being "reptile rulers". ([[GAME]]: {{cs|Flux Fixers (game)}})
 
=== Parallel universes ===
In the [[Unbound Universe]], the Silurians were rendered extinct when [[Mike Yates]] time travelled back to their era and detonated nuclear warheads, killing them all. ([[AUDIO]]: {{cs|Sympathy for the Devil (audio story)}})
 
== Behind the scenes ==
=== Dating issue ===
The era of the Silurians have never been consistently or clearly dated.
* In the television story ''[[Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)|Doctor Who and the Silurians]]'', the Silurians were seen to have a globe from some point before the {{w|Continental drift|Great Continental Drift}} of 200 million years ago, which was the late [[Triassic]] period. In the same scene, the [[Third Doctor]] discovered calculations about the age of the Earth inside Dr [[John Quinn|Quinn]]'s office with particular reference to the [[Silurian era]] (roughly 440 million to 415 million years ago).
* Narration in the novelisation ''[[Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)|Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters]]'' mentions that the sunset [[Okdel L'da]] sees before going into hibernation was "the last time he was to see the sun for a hundred million years".
* The Third Doctor mused in the television story ''[[The Sea Devils (TV story)|The Sea Devils]]'' that the [[Eocene era|Eocene period]] (roughly 55 million to 35 million years ago) would have been a more accurate dating, although this was millions of years after the [[dinosaur]]s (which the Silurians were shown using) were believed to have become extinct and (more importantly) millions of years before the earliest ape-like humans appeared.
* In the television story ''[[The Hungry Earth (TV story)|The Hungry Earth]]'', the [[Eleventh Doctor]] told Alaya that she was "300 million years outside of your comfort zone", which would place them around the late [[Carboniferous]], although later in the same episode he referenced that they were sometimes called Eocenes.
* In said story, it is stated that the Silurians went into hiding due to them mistakenly believing that the moon coming into orbit would destroy the planet; however the moon came into orbit roughly 1,000,000,000 years before life evolved on Earth, even on a cellular level.
* In the television story ''[[Dinosaurs on a Spaceship (TV story)|Dinosaurs on a Spaceship]]'', the dinosaurs in the [[Silurian Ark]] are native to the [[Cretaceous|Cretaceous period]]. On the other hand, the novel ''[[Blood Heat (novel)|Blood Heat]]'' shows the Silurians bringing back extinct species from numerous time periods.
* Silurians tended to make references to early apes, which are believed to have [[evolution|evolved]] at some point between 40 and 15 million years ago, or the late [[Eocene era|Eocene]] to the [[Miocene]] period. Mammalian pets of the Silurians, which eventually evolved into humans, are also depicted in the prologue of the ''Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters'' novelisation.
* The novel ''[[The Quantum Archangel (novel)|The Quantum Archangel]]'' suggests that [[the Moon]] was orbiting the [[Earth]] before 150 million years ago, which means the Silurians ruled before the [[Jurassic]].
* The novel ''[[The Wheel of Ice (novel)|The Wheel of Ice]]'' states that the Silurians were preparing for the disaster 50 million years ago, again placing them in the Eocene.
* However, the television story ''[[Kill the Moon (TV story)|Kill the Moon]]'' (set in [[2049]]) has the [[Twelfth Doctor]] describe the Moon as a "little planetoid that's been tagging along beside [the human race] for a hundred million years", which would mean the Silurians placed themselves into suspended animation during the Cretaceous period.
* The television story ''[[The Crimson Horror (TV story)|The Crimson Horror]]'' has a species from the same era, the [[red leech]]. Madame [[Vastra]] states that she last saw one 65 million years before 1893, while the Eleventh Doctor plans to return it to the [[Jurassic]] period.
* In the comic story ''[[The Crystal Throne (comic story)|The Crystal Throne]]'', Madame Vastra tells Lady [[Cornelia Basildon-Stone]] that she learnt to fight while the human race "still had tails".
* The bookazine [[TEDW 5]] claims the Silurians ruled during the late Cretaceous era, and the planetoid that approached the Earth caused the Silurian Ark to leave Earth, and the Silurians that were left behind to hide to go into hibernation, "circa 65,000,000 BC".
* The audio story ''[[The Cars That Ate London! (audio story)|The Cars That Ate London!]]'' has [[Jenny Flint]] claiming that Vastra was born 65 million years before the [[19th century]].
* In the comic story {{cs|The Lost Dimension (comic story)}}, Vastra recalls that the [[Myrka]] have supposedly been extinct for 65 million years before she encountered [[Myrka (The Lost Dimension)|one]] in [[1886]].
* ''[[Time Traveller's Diary (novel)|Time Traveller's Diary]]'' claims that both the Silurians and the Sea Devils co-existed as early as 425,000,000 BC, and dates the launch of the [[Silurian Ark]] seen in ''Dinosaurs on a Spaceship'' to 100,000,000 BC.
* ''[[The Monster Vault (novel)|The Monster Vault]]'' addresses the dating issue of the Silurians. Claiming that they first emerged "about 350 million years ago", the book acknowledges reports of Silurians being active in multiple [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] [[time period]]s and explains that numerous groups of Silurians had went into hibernation at different times to avoid various incoming disasters, including but not limited to the coming of the Moon. This is also used to explain the appearance of multiple Silurian [[subspecies]], as the remaining groups of Silurians would continue to evolve over thousands of years whilst others went into hibernation.
 
=== Naming issue ===
Another name given in ''[[Blood Heat (novel)|Blood Heat]]'', ''Psionosauropodamorphae'', translates as ''psychic lizard-foot shaped''. This may be intended to suggest a connection between the Silurians and the sauropod family of dinosaurs, though this seems unlikely given the near-total lack of physical resemblance and the comparatively small cerebral capacity of most sauropod dinosaurs. ''Homo reptilia'', one of the suggested names used in [[PROSE]]: ''[[Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)|Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters]]'', [[COMIC]]: ''[[City of Devils (comic story)|City of Devils]]'', [[TV]]: ''[[The Hungry Earth (TV story)|The Hungry Earth]]'' / ''[[Cold Blood (TV story)|Cold Blood]]'' and ''[[Dinosaurs on a Spaceship (TV story)|Dinosaurs on a Spaceship]]'', cannot be a scientific term. The rules governing the use of {{w|Genus|genera}} prevent any two separate groups within a kingdom (''i.e. animals'') from using the same genus.
 
Hence, [[AUDIO]]: ''[[Tidal Wave (audio story)|Tidal Wave]]'' as [[Petronella Osgood|Osgood]] provide a more sensible alternative, inverting that name: ''Reptilia sapiens''.
 
=== Merchandise ===
* [[Dapol]] released action figures for both classic series variants of the Silurians, with the ''Warriors of the Deep'' variant being distinguished by the name "Armoured Silurian".
 
=== References in other media ===
[[File:Scarlet Game Sea Devil & Silurian.jpg|thumb|A depiction of a Sea Devil and Silurian in ''Scarlet Traces: The Great Game''.]]
* The [[Alan Moore]] graphic novel series {{wi|The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen}} refers to lizard-men called Silurians and [[Sea Devil]]s and retcons {{w|Gill-man|the Creature from the Black Lagoon}} as one of the latter.
* The [[Sea Devil]]s and Silurians are shown as the original inhabitants of Earth in the steampunk graphic novel {{wi|Scarlet Traces|Scarlet Traces: The Great Game}}, which takes place in a world in which [[H. G. Wells]]' ''[[The War of the Worlds]]'' actually occurred (which is also [[Martian invasion of Earth|true for the DWU]]).
* [[J. K. Woodward]], who worked on the ''[[Star Trek]]'' [[crossover]] ''[[Assimilation² (comic story)|Assimilation²]]'', released a piece depicting a Silurian scholar and a Silurian warrior [[assimilation|assimilated]] by the [[Borg (species)|Borg]].
 
=== Other matters ===
* Four months before the transmission of [[TV]]: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)}}, the concept of an advanced underground forgotten prehistoric civilisation was similarly explored with the [[Jurassic apeman|Jurassic apemen]] seen in [[PROSE]]: {{cs|The Dragons of Kekokro (short story)}}.
 
== External links ==
{{ldx}}
 
{{Homo Reptilian stories}}
 
[[Category:Silurians and Sea Devils| ]]
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[[Category:The Alliance]]
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[[Category:The Doctor's Army]]
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[[Category:Third Doctor enemies]]
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[[Category:Fifth Doctor enemies]]
[[Category:Species with green skin]]
[[Category:Eleventh Doctor enemies]]
[[Category:Mutter's Spiral species]]
[[Category:venomous species]]
[[Category:Sapient reptile species]]
[[Category:humanoid species]]
[[Category:Earth reptiles]]
[[Category:Earth reptiles]]
[[Category:Sixth Doctor enemies]]
[[Category:Species in the Siege of Trenzalore]]
[[Category:Allies of the Eleventh Doctor]]
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[[Category:Species in the Alliance of Races]]
 
[[es:Siluriano]]
[[fr:Silurian]]
[[it:Siluriano]]
[[nl:Silurian]]
[[ro:Silurians]]
[[ru:Силурианцы]]

Latest revision as of 02:14, 6 December 2024

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Silurian
Appearances

You may be looking for The Silurians (reference book).

The Silurians were a species native to Earth that pre-dated humanity. Technologically advanced, they lived alongside their aquatic cousins, the Sea Devils. Unlike other species, Silurians showed an important intraspecific variation, with vast differentiation between breeds, such as the number of eyes, the formation of their pupils and the colour of their skin.

Naming[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Third Doctor seemingly coined the name "Silurians" during his first encounter with them in Derbyshire, (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"]) supposedly because the human discoverer of the tribe under Derbyshire, (TV: The Sea Devils [+]Loading...["The Sea Devils (TV story)"]) Dr Quinn, (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"]) incorrectly identified the geological era they lived in, such that the name Silurian originated from Dr Quinn's misnomer. (TV: The Sea Devils [+]Loading...["The Sea Devils (TV story)"]) However, many accounts showed Silurians using the name amongst themselves, (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Loading...["Warriors of the Deep (TV story)"]) even without knowing that other factions had come out of hibernation. (AUDIO: Bloodtide [+]Loading...["Bloodtide (audio story)"]) Indeed, the "Monster Vaults" of the databanks of the Doctor's TARDIS identified "Silurian" as the proper name the species originally used; humans retained the name over many years as ancient race memories; (PROSE: The Monster Vault [+]Loading...["The Monster Vault (novel)"]) the Doctor, the actual coiner of the term, (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"]) was, by some account, half-human on their mother's side. (TV: Doctor Who [+]Loading...["Doctor Who (TV story)",""], etc.) The name was also seen to be used by members of other species altogether on occasion, such as the Sontaran Strax. (TV: A Good Man Goes to War [+]Loading...["A Good Man Goes to War (TV story)"])

The Silurians were also known as Earth Reptiles, Reptilia, (AUDIO: Pater Noster [+]Loading...["Pater Noster (audio story)"]) Eocenes, (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Loading...["The Hungry Earth (TV story)"]) reptile people, Psionosauropodomorpha, (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Loading...["Blood Heat (novel)"]) Homo Reptilicus, Homo reptilia and Reptilia sapiens. (AUDIO: Tidal Wave [+]Loading...["Tidal Wave (audio story)"])

Biology[[edit] | [edit source]]

Physical appearance[[edit] | [edit source]]

Four types of Silurian identified by the Twelfth Doctor. (PROSE: A History of Humankind [+]Loading...["A History of Humankind (novel)"])

The Silurians were an extremely varied species, with different subspecies and appearances; there were at least ten or eleven Silurian variations. Whilst many of them appeared similar, there were subtle differences which were attributed to caste. There were also clans or families with differentiated physical characteristics, some suited for environments of extreme cold or high plateaus. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"]) In general, they were humanoid reptilians with scaly crests on their head, with a lifespan of hundreds of years. (WC: Who Are The Silurians? [+]Loading...["Who Are The Silurians? (webcast)"])

One group, identified by historians as Early Silurians, (PROSE: The Monster Vault [+]Loading...["The Monster Vault (novel)"]) was found at Wenley Moor; these had long fingers and three webbed toes on each foot, and their mouths were small and sucker-like. The most noticeable feature of these Silurians were their three eyes. Their main eyes were bright yellow with cat-like pupils, while their third eye was red and high on the forehead, surrounded by a fluted bone structure. They also had rectangular external ears. They were active creatures who spoke quickly in deep voices. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"]) A tribe fitting this description also lived under the Galápagos Islands. (AUDIO: Bloodtide [+]Loading...["Bloodtide (audio story)"]) The cadaver of another such Silurian was identified by Vastra as being of the "Scholar" caste. (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]Loading...["The Lost Dimension (comic story)"])

Another group, identified by historians as Middle Silurians, (PROSE: The Monster Vault [+]Loading...["The Monster Vault (novel)"]) was found at Sea Base 4. They looked similar to those of Wenley Moor, but had stockier builds, brown skin, suckers on the tips of their fingers, smaller mouths, ornate, curving spikes around their heads and the third eye on top. The third eye would glow along with their speech, but was not used in attack. They were also slower and spoke in a higher-pitched voice. (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Loading...["Warriors of the Deep (TV story)"]) Identical Silurians were seen elsewhere as part of the aforementioned Scholar caste. (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]Loading...["The Lost Dimension (comic story)"])

Horlak, a leader of a tribe of scholars which included Silurians matching the aforementioned groups, appeared much like them but was distinct in that his cranial ridges were further pronounced. (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]Loading...["The Lost Dimension (comic story)"])

A tribe seen on prehistoric Earth was distinguished in that they had only two eyes, no external ears, five digits on each hand, crests on their heads and down their neck, and faces with bulging black eyes and beak-like mouths. (COMIC: Supremacy of the Cybermen [+]Loading...["Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)"])

Identified by historians as Late Silurians, (PROSE: The Monster Vault [+]Loading...["The Monster Vault (novel)"]) the "Warrior" caste (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]Loading...["The Lost Dimension (comic story)"]) were radically different, more human-shaped faces. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Loading...["The Hungry Earth (TV story)"]/Cold Blood [+]Loading...["Cold Blood (TV story)"]) Of this subspecies, Silurian Hunters wore masks resembling the faces of their beaked counterparts. (GAME: The Mazes of Time [+]Loading...["The Mazes of Time (video game)"]) They had long tongues which they could flick to inject a venom, which was mutagenic to humans (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Loading...["The Hungry Earth (TV story)"]/Cold Blood [+]Loading...["Cold Blood (TV story)"]) but could harmlessly stun other Silurians. (GAME: Lost in Time [+]Loading...["Lost in Time (video game)"]) They moved and spoke much like humans. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Loading...["The Hungry Earth (TV story)"]/Cold Blood [+]Loading...["Cold Blood (TV story)"]) This type also appeared to have extended into the London area as well, with the colony Madame Vastra belonged to having been uncovered during an expansion to the London Underground. (TV: A Good Man Goes to War [+]Loading...["A Good Man Goes to War (TV story)"], WC: Vastra Investigates: A Christmas Prequel [+]Loading...["Vastra Investigates: A Christmas Prequel (webcast)"]) Vastra was identified by her Scholar brethren as "Warrior". (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]Loading...["The Lost Dimension (comic story)"]) These Silurians would become darker green when blushing. (TV: The Name of the Doctor [+]Loading...["The Name of the Doctor (TV story)"]) At least one Silurian displayed a yellowing in parts of their centre and side crests as they aged. (TV: A Good Man Goes to War [+]Loading...["A Good Man Goes to War (TV story)"], Deep Breath [+]Loading...["Deep Breath (TV story)"])

The Silurians were also distantly related to the Sea Devils. (TV: The Sea Devils [+]Loading...["The Sea Devils (TV story)"]) They were genetically divergent enough to create problems for the offspring of matings with Silurians. Offspring suffered from biological problems including sterility and a shorter lifespan, due to cellular degeneration. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"])

In at least one alternate reality, there was a human-Silurian hybrid. This demonstrated that mating between the two was possible. (PROSE: Spiral Scratch [+]Loading...["Spiral Scratch (novel)"])

Anatomy[[edit] | [edit source]]

File:Baal D'jo
Baal D'jo, a Silurian/Sea Devil hybrid (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"])

Silurians were cold blooded and could only survive at warmer temperatures. They were sluggish and slow when cold. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Loading...["Blood Heat (novel)"], TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Loading...["The Hungry Earth (TV story)"])

Silurians had a hunter's anatomy, with powerful muscles and hollow bones. Though they were taller than humans, they were also lighter and faster. According to one account, Silurians were incapable of crying, (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Loading...["Blood Heat (novel)"]) although another account showed Silurians did indeed cry. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)"]) The typical lifespan of a Silurian was 200 to 250 years, (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"]) though some lived up to 300 years. (TV: Cold Blood [+]Loading...["Cold Blood (TV story)"]) Vastra lived from the 1880s and was still alive in 2022, around 140 years later. (PROSE: Requiem [+]Loading...["Requiem (audio story)"])

Silurians had an organ analogous to the human pituitary gland. (PROSE: Burning Heart [+]Loading...["Burning Heart (novel)"]) They had a greater lung capacity than a human. (TV: Deep Breath [+]Loading...["Deep Breath (TV story)"]) Nanjura fruits were toxic for them, but not lethal. (COMIC: Supremacy of the Cybermen [+]Loading...["Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)"]) Silurians possessed venom sacs in their mouths, with which they could release venom through their tongues. The venom was toxic and deadly even to Gallifreyans, but because the sacs of juvenile Silurians were not fully developed, it was possible to survive an attack by one of the species' young without permanent damage. (PROSE: The Silurian Gift [+]Loading...["The Silurian Gift (novel)"])

The reptilian Silurians hatched from eggs. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)"])

Third eye[[edit] | [edit source]]

Main article: Third eye
A Silurian using his third eye. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)"])

The Silurians first encountered by the Doctor had three eyes, providing them with a triple-faceted form of vision. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"]) According to one source, it was Silurians of the "scholar caste" who possessed a third eye on the forehead, (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]Loading...["The Lost Dimension (comic story)"]) Other accounts suggested that the "third eyes" were bionic implants, referred to as "Silurian Paralysers".

The third eye also allowed them to use a variety of telepathic powers. The Silurians used their third eyes to communicate with other Silurians in a process known as "linking". The third eye would glow along with their emotions, becoming brighter when they were angry. They could sense the presence of other Silurians, even at great distances. Silurians could control the minds of other creatures. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Loading...["Blood Heat (novel)"]) They could hypnotise and coerce humans through a link to a primal part of a subject's mind, though stronger wills could resist this control. (AUDIO: Bloodtide [+]Loading...["Bloodtide (audio story)"]) However, even Silurians without the third eye could demonstrate this ability: Vastra told Jenny Flint that her species could exert a mesmeric influence over humans. (AUDIO: The Cars That Ate London! [+]Loading...["The Cars That Ate London! (audio story)"])

The third eye was capable of harming organic beings, killing them or leaving them unconscious. Alternatively, they could revive a human that they had rendered unconscious with the third eye. Energies emanating from it allowed them to burn through walls and create tunnels. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"], PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Loading...["Blood Heat (novel)"]) According to one account, the offensive capability of the third eye was a beam of burning radiation. (COMIC: Twilight of the Silurians [+]Loading...["Twilight of the Silurians (comic story)"])

The Silurians also employed their third eye in less destructive tasks, such as activating their technology, opening passageways or creating force fields to trap prisoners. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"])

Not all Silurians had these third eyes, (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Loading...["The Hungry Earth (TV story)"]) primarily the ones belonging to the "warrior caste". (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]Loading...["The Lost Dimension (comic story)"]) Jastrok bitterly implied that these Silurians once had working third eyes but they had lost it over time. (AUDIO: Call to Arms [+]Loading...["Call to Arms (audio story)"]) However, the Dacha was one Silurian who possessed a third eye despite his resemblance to the warrior caste. (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]Loading...["The Lost Dimension (comic story)"])

Cyber-Silurians[[edit] | [edit source]]

Cyber-Silurians on prehistoric Earth. (COMIC: Supremacy of the Cybermen [+]Loading...["Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)"])

In an alternate timeline, the Silurians of prehistoric Earth, who resembled those of the warrior caste, were cyber-converted into a subspecies of Cybermen that the Eleventh Doctor dubbed "Cyber-Silurians", amongst other names. The Silurians' converted states varied between individuals; some Silurians merely possessed a cybernetic implant on their faces and a small number of cybernetic components, whilst others possessed near-complete Cyber-bodies with unique Cyber-helmets and only a small amount of the original Silurian exposed. Some of the latter type of Cyber-Silurians had chest units with a blue or white circular light, similar to the Cybermen that allied with Rassilon to invade Gallifrey in this timeline. (COMIC: Supremacy of the Cybermen [+]Loading...["Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)"])

Other matters[[edit] | [edit source]]

Liz Shaw believed that much as the Sea Devils could inhabit deep oceanic floors inhospitable to human endeavours, their land-based cousins were well-adapted to live in high-temperature desert areas rarely prized by humans. She hoped that this would make cohabitation between humanity and Earth Reptiles relatively simple if a deal could be worked out. (GAME: Lost in Time [+]Loading...["Lost in Time (video game)"])

Culture[[edit] | [edit source]]

Silurians had great variance in appearance between Caste. (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]Loading...["The Lost Dimension (comic story)"])

The Silurians were generally a peaceful race. Their highest laws forbade outright warfare except for defence. (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Loading...["Warriors of the Deep (TV story)"]) There was also great importance placed on the species' pure eugenics, which was believed to be their most important principle and most sacrosanct belief. Breeding between a Silurian and a Sea Devil was considered a crime punishable by death. The eggs of such a union were usually crushed and the parents executed. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"])

The Silurians red was led by a Triad. (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Loading...["Warriors of the Deep (TV story)"], PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"]) One account suggested that no one member of a Triad being allowed to order another, (AUDIO: The Silurian Candidate [+]Loading...["The Silurian Candidate (audio story)"]) but another account held that the Triad was made up of the main leader, the "Second" and a Science Adviser. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"]) Smaller "zones" or settlements were ruled by their own, subservient Triads. (GAME: Lost in Time [+]Loading...["Lost in Time (video game)"]) They also established a Parliament of the Silurians within their capital. (AUDIO: The Silurian Candidate [+]Loading...["The Silurian Candidate (audio story)"])

Some Silurians captured wild dinosaurs to use as pets and "attack dogs", but the practice was controversial, which Vastra, for example, having always looked down upon it. (GAME: Lost in Time [+]Loading...["Lost in Time (video game)"])

Whilst historians observed that different triads or tribes of Silurians retreated into hibernation in anticipation of various disasters over millennia, contributing to the evolution of distinct Silurian subspecies, (PROSE: The Monster Vault [+]Loading...["The Monster Vault (novel)"]) one account indicated that Silurian subspecies co-existed in a caste system. Vastra, a warrior, recognised her "brothers" in the scholar caste, whilst their leader, Horlak, acknowledged her as a "sister". (COMIC: The Lost Dimension [+]Loading...["The Lost Dimension (comic story)"])

The majority of late Silurian hunters appeared to be female, just as the females were the more aggressive in some species of lower reptile. (TV: Cold Blood [+]Loading...["Cold Blood (TV story)"], A Good Man Goes to War [+]Loading...["A Good Man Goes to War (TV story)"])

Silurians communicated by telepathically linking through their third eyes, as well as by body language. Though they could use words, they generally only used speech for effect, when talking to children or to species without telepathic linking abilities. Silurians had little in the way of literature, since their mind linking abilities were a more effective method of transferring ideas. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Loading...["Blood Heat (novel)"])

A Silurian of advanced age would festoon the third eye with pearls as a form of decoration. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Loading...["Blood Heat (novel)"]) Some Silurians kept early hominids as pets. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)"]) Whilst in the future, some used the term Earth Reptiles, others called themselves Silurians, insisting those that accepted the name of Earth Reptiles were pathetic assimilationists. (PROSE: Burning Heart [+]Loading...["Burning Heart (novel)"]) Around the 1970s, however, some Silurians, who wanted humanity to be wiped out, used the term Earth Reptiles to describe themselves by. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"])

They worshipped a Lizard God. (PROSE: The Crystal Bucephalus [+]Loading...["The Crystal Bucephalus (novel)"]) Their myths included Urmungstandra, a devil god (PROSE: The Taking of Planet 5 [+]Loading...["The Taking of Planet 5 (novel)"]) and the Great Old Ones, including in their ranks Azathoth, a deity revered by the Silurians long before the rise of humanity. (PROSE: All-Consuming Fire [+]Loading...["All-Consuming Fire (novel)"]) They wrote the Necronomicon. (PROSE: White Darkness [+]Loading...["White Darkness (novel)"]) Madame Vastra swore by a Goddess. (TV: The Name of the Doctor [+]Loading...["The Name of the Doctor (TV story)"], Deep Breath [+]Loading...["Deep Breath (TV story)"])

The Third Doctor mentioned that along with literature, the Silurians had art, sport and games — "a complete civilisation". (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"])

Silurian poetry was composed of optical illusions and mathematics. (PROSE: The Insidious Ideas of the Danger Thinkers [+]Loading...["The Insidious Ideas of the Danger Thinkers (short story)"])

Relationship with other species[[edit] | [edit source]]

Humans[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Silurians did not think much of humans, considering them to be mere apes and despising them for destroying the terrestrial environment. (TV: Cold Blood [+]Loading...["Cold Blood (TV story)"])

Humans had an instinctive fear of Silurians, known as the race memory malaise. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Loading...["Blood Heat (novel)"])

Other[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Silurians were one of the species that the Skithra stole technology from. (TV: Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror [+]Loading...["Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror (TV story)"])

Technology[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Silurians made many advancements unknown to humans.

Genetic modification[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Silurians had advanced genetic capabilities. They brought species back from extinction, including many dinosaurs. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Loading...["Blood Heat (novel)"]) They could modify species, as they did with the Myrka. (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Loading...["Warriors of the Deep (TV story)"]) They created a genetically engineered plague, which they once used against early humans who invaded their crop settlements. This disease was highly virulent and was used as a form of "pest control". (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"]) Despite this, they had problems with Silurian/Sea Devil hybrids' deficiencies. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"]) They also altered primitive apes to make them breed more often and to improve their flavour when eaten; using these techniques, they ultimately ended up creating the ancestors of humanity. (AUDIO: Bloodtide [+]Loading...["Bloodtide (audio story)"])

The Silurians processed their own food and didn't rely on harvesting animals or plants (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"]) except in times of famine. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Loading...["Blood Heat (novel)"]) The Silurians could bio-program soil, causing it to react to certain events and respond, generally by dragging people underground. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Loading...["The Hungry Earth (TV story)"])

Medicine[[edit] | [edit source]]

The Silurians were capable of advanced decontamination, removing diseases and poisons from the body. (TV: Cold Blood [+]Loading...["Cold Blood (TV story)"])

Weaponry[[edit] | [edit source]]

Silurians generally relied on their third eye for defensive purposes, using technology to enhance their power. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Loading...["Blood Heat (novel)"]) They used Silurian battlecruisers, which were organic in structure, for transportation and offensive purposes. (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Loading...["Warriors of the Deep (TV story)"])

The Silurians underneath Wales in 2020 used guns reminiscent of Sea Devil guns which could fire fatal energy beams. They also wore armour and used special masks that covered their faces and allowed them to scan objects. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Loading...["The Hungry Earth (TV story)"] / Cold Blood [+]Loading...["Cold Blood (TV story)"]) In an alternate timeline, these guns were utilised by the Cyber-Silurians of prehistoric Earth, although their barrels were coloured blue instead of green. (COMIC: Supremacy of the Cybermen [+]Loading...["Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)"])

Another type of weapon used was the Silurian blaster. (TV: Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror [+]Loading...["Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror (TV story)"])

Travel technology[[edit] | [edit source]]

Silurians also used numerous forms of transport, such as aeroplanes, (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)"], The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"]) cars, ships and submarines. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"])

A Silurian Ark approaching Earth. (TV: Dinosaurs on a Spaceship [+]Loading...["Dinosaurs on a Spaceship (TV story)"])

Silurian Arks were a type of spaceship created by the Silurians, with one originally designed to ensure the survival of a group of Silurians and several dinosaur specimens from the formation of Earth's moon, (TV: Dinosaurs on a Spaceship [+]Loading...["Dinosaurs on a Spaceship (TV story)"]) as an alternative to the hibernation units used by the other Silurians. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Loading...["The Hungry Earth (TV story)"], Cold Blood [+]Loading...["Cold Blood (TV story)"]) Silurian Arks were also used during the Siege of Trenzalore. (TV: The Time of the Doctor [+]Loading...["The Time of the Doctor (TV story)"]) In an alternate timeline, the Cyber-Silurians produced entire armies of Cyber-Arks, Silurian Arks designed to quickly seed whole planets with Cyber-Technology. A workshop of at least one of these Arks was transformed into a mass conversion chamber. (COMIC: Supremacy of the Cybermen [+]Loading...["Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)"])

Miscellaneous technology[[edit] | [edit source]]

Silurians had cryogenic technology which they used to preserve their civilisation when they believed the Earth was in danger. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"]) These had alarms for when the colony was threatened. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Loading...["The Hungry Earth (TV story)"]/Cold Blood [+]Loading...["Cold Blood (TV story)"])

They could use gravity bubbles to travel to and from the surface. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Loading...["The Hungry Earth (TV story)"]/Cold Blood [+]Loading...["Cold Blood (TV story)"]) They also had mechanical airships, which Bernice Summerfield used and found to be of high quality. (PROSE: St Anthony's Fire [+]Loading...["St Anthony's Fire (novel)"]) They had some holographic technology. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"])

They could modify the atmosphere, increasing the temperature in certain areas. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Loading...["Blood Heat (novel)"]) They had the ability to disperse the Van Allen belt using a molecular disperser, which would have left Earth defenceless against cosmic radiation in an attempt to exterminate humanity. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"])

Silurians could create force fields to trap an entire village, controlling the amount of light that got in (effectively making it night). (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Loading...["The Hungry Earth (TV story)"]) They also had wrist devices. (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Loading...["Warriors of the Deep (TV story)"])

The Silurians invented candles which could induce lucid dreams, allowing people to communicate across time and space. (TV: The Name of the Doctor [+]Loading...["The Name of the Doctor (TV story)"]) They used sonic lanterns to corral dinosaurs. (TV: Deep Breath [+]Loading...["Deep Breath (TV story)"])

Cyber-conversion[[edit] | [edit source]]

A Silurian undergoing cyber-conversion. (COMIC: Supremacy of the Cybermen [+]Loading...["Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)"])

The Cyber-Silurians of an alternate timeline used organic pods as cyber-conversion machines. Although predominantly used to slowly cyber-convert Silurians by "growing" cybernetic implants onto their flesh, these pods were also capable of converting Time Lords such as the Eleventh Doctor; in the latter's case, the Doctor's body was slowly enveloped by metal implants that grew over his body. Additionally, Cyber-Silurians rode on dinosaurs with cybernetic implants on their faces; these dinosaurs were weak to the Eleventh Doctor's sonic screwdriver. (COMIC: Supremacy of the Cybermen [+]Loading...["Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)"])

History[[edit] | [edit source]]

Evolution[[edit] | [edit source]]

A primitive ancestor of the Silurians. (PROSE: The Evolution Episode [+]Loading...["The Evolution Episode (short story)"])

The Silurians evolved on Earth. One of the evolutionary ancestors of the Silurians was a larger, more feral humanoid creature. (PROSE: The Evolution Episode [+]Loading...["The Evolution Episode (short story)"])

By one account, Silurians existed due to the explosion of Scaroth's spaceship altering the course of Earth's evolution. Mondas, which did not have Silurians, had its equivalent to humans in the same era as the Silurians due to it following the original course of evolution. (PROSE: The Cybermen [+]Loading...["The Cybermen (reference book)"])

Dominance[[edit] | [edit source]]

Main article: Age of the Silurians

The Silurians were the original masters of Earth. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"]) According to historians, a group of Silurians evolved into the Sea Devils during a period of tectonic upheaval, when conditions on the land deteriorated and the Silurians had to spend more time feeding and breeding in the sea until it became their sole habitat. (PROSE: The Monster Vault [+]Loading...["The Monster Vault (novel)"]) On 28 January 425,000,000 BC, the Silurians signed a peace deal with the Sea Devils. (PROSE: Time Traveller's Diary [+]Loading...["Time Traveller's Diary (novel)"])

Both the Silurians and Sea Devils were led by the Triad, their "custodians". (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Loading...["Warriors of the Deep (TV story)"]) In the early era of their rule, there were many stories of the rise of their civilisation. One noted legendary warrior chieftain was Masz K'll of the Third Dynasty, who fought against his evil alter-ego, the legendary Two-Faced Lizard. Another figure was Panun E'Ni, who was the leader of the Southern Clan and conquered much of the world, which he ruled cruelly for a brief period until his defeat at the hands of Tun W'lzz. Following that event, the previously imprisoned and cast out tribes came together in a new, more unified civilisation that ate their foes. Whether these were folk stories or historical facts was of no importance to them, as they inspired the Earth Reptiles for a millennium, with many of these writings left within their Hall of Heroes. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"])

In this era, the Silurians co-existed in groups of clans that lived alongside the original ape primitives that were developing on their planet. As a lesser species, these hominids became the primary livestock of the Silurians. In order to improve their flavour, a Silurian scientist by the name of Tulok began to genetically engineer the apes. This led to a faster breeding cycle as well as intelligence, creating early Homo sapiens. For his genetic crimes, the Silurians banished Tulok and his creations to die in the coming cataclysm. (AUDIO: Bloodtide [+]Loading...["Bloodtide (audio story)"]) These primitive, ape-like men began to hunt in packs and attacked the Silurians. (COMIC: Twilight of the Silurians [+]Loading...["Twilight of the Silurians (comic story)"]) They also began to prey on the crops of the Silurians, leading the Earth Reptiles to use plagues to exterminate them. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"]) The Silurians were also afflicted by the plagues of the red leech. (TV: The Crimson Horror [+]Loading...["The Crimson Horror (TV story)"])

At the height of their civilisation, the Silurians lived in cities of metal, and had uncontested dominion over the planet. (COMIC: Twilight of the Silurians [+]Loading...["Twilight of the Silurians (comic story)"]) They had as many political factions as mankind would have. (AUDIO: Call to Arms [+]Loading...["Call to Arms (audio story)"])

However, this era was cut short. Some of their scientists, such as Doctor Wolik, calculated that a small planetoid was destined to draw the atmosphere away from Earth when it passed very close to it, preventing the surface from being breathable, (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)"], COMIC: Twilight of the Silurians [+]Loading...["Twilight of the Silurians (comic story)"]) wiping out "all life". (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"]) Others, such as Nagara, believed it to be a simple scare story, while Soron's figures showed it would miss Earth completely, (COMIC: Twilight of the Silurians [+]Loading...["Twilight of the Silurians (comic story)"]) although the government had ordered the construction of shelters where Silurians would remain in suspended animation (PROSE: {{cs|Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)}, COMIC: Twilight of the Silurians [+]Loading...["Twilight of the Silurians (comic story)"]) when the small planetoid first appeared. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)"])

The planetoid appeared either two (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)"]) or twelve years before the great hibernation took place. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"]) Either way, the hibernation process took a while with different clans, sub-species, and factions hibernating at different times and places. (AUDIO: Call to Arms [+]Loading...["Call to Arms (audio story)"]) The Third Doctor repeated the claim to Marc Marshall that the Silurians built the shelters when they thought the planet would "suck away" Earth's atmosphere as it rushed by. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"]) Conversely, the Fifth Doctor recalled that the Silurian astronomers predicted that Earth was about to be "struck" by the planet at the time, (PROSE: Warriors of the Deep [+]Loading...["Warriors of the Deep (novelisation)"]) and the Eleventh Doctor described the trajectory of the planet the astronomers had predicted as a "crash course". (TV: Cold Blood [+]Loading...["Cold Blood (TV story)"])

When the planet was days away from causing the calculated catastrophe, the Silurians agreed to take refuge inside their shelters, so their civilisation could survive the coming disaster and reclaim their world once the danger had passed. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)"], COMIC: Twilight of the Silurians [+]Loading...["Twilight of the Silurians (comic story)"])

One group of late Silurians decided to leave Earth in order to escape the "destructive impact". Boarding the Silurian Ark, a spaceship carrying Silurians and several species of dinosaur, they placed themselves in suspended animation, with the ship programmed to bring them back to Earth long after the effects of the upcoming disaster had dissipated. (TV: Dinosaurs on a Spaceship [+]Loading...["Dinosaurs on a Spaceship (TV story)"]) The Ark was launched on 4 June 100,000,000 BC. (PROSE: Time Traveller's Diary [+]Loading...["Time Traveller's Diary (novel)"])

The Silurians were divided on the matter of a mating between the land castes and aquatic castes. Normally, such matings were forbidden, and any offspring were killed along with their parents. However, facing the threat of a global cataclysm, they allowed a colony of such hybrids to remain in their Shelter under the island of L'Ithe. With the rest of the Silurian race, they took part in the great hibernation. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"])

The Silurians sealed themselves in their underground hibernation units, (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"]) along with a male and female of all the more useful reptile animals, (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)"]) and planned to suspend their lives until the atmosphere returned, (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"], COMIC: Twilight of the Silurians [+]Loading...["Twilight of the Silurians (comic story)"]) by using a device on the ground above each shelter containing the hibernation units which would automatically trigger a massive amount of electricity to wake the Silurians once the atmosphere returned to normal. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)"])

However, they were unaware the dangerous planetoid that they predicted would draw away the atmosphere was instead drawn into Earth's orbit and became the Moon. As a result, the Silurians were never revived, as the atmosphere was not drawn away for it to return to the planet. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"]) Although the atmosphere was never completely drawn off and the creatures on the surface did not suffocate, many mammalian life forms perished, while others survived, due to the great forces caused by the Moon's appearance creating cyclones and tidal waves. (PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters (novelisation)"]) During millions of years of hibernation, the reactivation machinery of the hibernation units deteriorated, (TV: The Sea Devils [+]Loading...["The Sea Devils (TV story)"]) leaving an unknown number of Silurians, possibly billions of them, trapped in sleep. (AUDIO: The Silurian Candidate [+]Loading...["The Silurian Candidate (audio story)"])

Despite their intentions to punish Tulok, the renegade Silurian scientist instead sabotaged a number of the hibernation chambers and destroyed them. (AUDIO: Bloodtide [+]Loading...["Bloodtide (audio story)"])

The Arkive tried to attract the Silurians to Saturn in order to repair itself. Though the Silurians noticed one of Saturn's moons being destroyed, they were too busy preparing for the disaster to investigate. (PROSE: The Wheel of Ice [+]Loading...["The Wheel of Ice (novel)"])

The time of this rule has never been consistently dated.

Awakenings[[edit] | [edit source]]

Over the millions of years since their rule, many of the Silurians' prominent structures such as the Hall of Heroes were lost to erosion and plate movement which erased any traces of their ancient civilisation. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"]) After millions of years, some of the Silurian hibernation units were activated and opened in a world now ruled by humanity.

In 102, a number of Silurian Hunters were part of the Alliance that imprisoned the Eleventh Doctor in the Pandorica. (TV: The Pandorica Opens [+]Loading...["The Pandorica Opens (TV story)"])

In the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, (TV: Co-Owner of a Lonely Heart [+]Loading...["Co-Owner of a Lonely Heart (TV story)"]) some Silurian Hunters seemingly awoke and battled Norman cavalry. This battle was depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry. (GRAPHIC: Knights [+]Loading...["Knights (illustration)"])

19th century[[edit] | [edit source]]

Charles Darwin and the HMS Beagle expedition, along with the Sixth Doctor and Evelyn Smythe, encountered a rogue Silurian group in the Galápagos Islands. The leader of this group was Tulok, who claimed to be responsible for creating humanity's prehistoric ancestors via a forbidden breeding program. (AUDIO: Bloodtide [+]Loading...["Bloodtide (audio story)"])

Prior to 1888, a group of Silurians was awoken by the digging of the London Underground. This led to the death of several navvies. Vastra, a skilled Silurian warrior who had been awoken by their digging, wanted revenge. The Doctor convinced her to live peacefully in London. In 1888 she resided with her human partner Jenny, although she fed on human criminals. Then, she and several of her soldiers were called up by the Doctor to fight at the Battle of Demon's Run. (TV: A Good Man Goes to War [+]Loading...["A Good Man Goes to War (TV story)"]) Vastra subsequently became the leader of the Paternoster Gang, protecting the Earth of that era from threats. (TV: The Snowmen [+]Loading...["The Snowmen (TV story)"], The Crimson Horror [+]Loading...["The Crimson Horror (TV story)"], The Name of the Doctor [+]Loading...["The Name of the Doctor (TV story)"], Deep Breath [+]Loading...["Deep Breath (TV story)"])

A distinct Silurian hibernation facility's reanimation unit was awoken when the Doctor drew vortex energy from London, which had become a space-time Waypoint, and its Triad emerged in Hyde Park, intent on using a Tyrannosaurus rex and the Silurian plague to wipe out the human "infestation" of the zone they deemed to be under their control. After learning that Vastra's colony had been all but wiped out, they also claimed authority over its "zone". However, their reign was short-lived with Vastra stunning the three with her tongue and putting them back in hibernation, sealing the tunnel in Hyde Park, while the Doctor took the T-rex back to its home era. One of the three humans they'd captured as prospective carriers for the plague was a Mr Doyle. (GAME: Lost in Time [+]Loading...["Lost in Time (video game)"])

The Silurian Vekkis in 1892 (GAME: The Eternity Clock [+]Loading...["The Eternity Clock (video game)"])

In 1892, the Silurians led by their leader Vekkis found a piece of the Eternity Clock to reclaim Earth. They planned to use the power of the Clock to pump toxin to wipe out the human race. The Eleventh Doctor and River Song destroyed the toxin and took the Eternity Clock. (GAME: The Eternity Clock [+]Loading...["The Eternity Clock (video game)"])

Jules Verne and the Doctor once encountered Silurians and a giant squid. This incident was worked into 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, though the Doctor had some difficulties convincing Jules to remove the parts with the Silurians. (PROSE: Peacemaker [+]Loading...["Peacemaker (novel)"]) In 1903, after receiving a wealth of information from the future, Grigori Rasputin saw beings which lived beneath the surface of the Earth. (AUDIO: The Wanderer [+]Loading...["The Wanderer (audio story)"])

20th century[[edit] | [edit source]]

In the late 20th century a group of Silurians were awakened from hibernation by the energy from the nearby nuclear power research centre at Wenley Moor. After disagreement between Okdel L'da and Morka over a course of action, Morka won out, killing Okdel, and the Silurians tried to reclaim the planet from humanity by releasing a deadly virus. This plan was prevented by Dr Liz Shaw of UNIT and the Third Doctor, when they had the cure mass-produced. After this plan was thwarted, they tried using their molecular disperser to destroy Earth's van Allen belt, so that the sun's radiation would burn the humans to death while allowing the cold-blooded Silurians to survive, but Liz and the Doctor stopped them again when they overloaded the disperser and the facility's reactor. Despite the Doctor's best efforts to broker a peaceful solution, the Silurian base was bombed by UNIT by order of Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart. (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"])

While in some accounts the tribe were said to have been killed as stated by the Third Doctor, (TV: Doctor Who and the Silurians [+]Loading...["Doctor Who and the Silurians (TV story)"]) the Eleventh Doctor, (TV: Cold Blood [+]Loading...["Cold Blood (TV story)"]) and Madame Vastra, (AUDIO: Rescue [+]Loading...["Rescue (audio story)"]) according to another account, the Third Doctor said they were only entombed. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"]) Shortly afterwards, a second base was awoken in Oregon, and was likewise dealt with by UNIT. (PROSE: The Devil Goblins from Neptune [+]Loading...["The Devil Goblins from Neptune (novel)"])

Following this, the Silurian-Sea Devil hybrids Baal D'jo and Tahni kidnapped the human boy Marc Marshall, and took him to their shelter under the island of L'Ithe to experiment on him. They intended to prolong the hybrids' short lifespan, but Baal later allowed Marc to be returned to the British mainland when Marc's presence in the shelter no longer suited the hybrids. When the shelter's leader Chukk was killed by a C19 agent, Baal and Tahni's power-hungry mother Auggi D'jo took over and intended to take back Earth from humanity. Her fleet was pushed back by UNIT on the Kent coast. Baal and Tahni took over the shelter, while Auggi escaped in her battlecruiser. Liz offered to continue to help the hybrids find a cure for their condition. (PROSE: The Scales of Injustice [+]Loading...["The Scales of Injustice (novel)"])

In the aftermath of Wenley Moor, UNIT began a search for any other colonies using a device invented by the Doctor. Mike Yates was involved while Benton trooped around the country. Standard protocols were to keep an eye on the Silurians and make sure they stayed asleep and alive. Some colonies would awaken over time but, when seeing how many humans there were, opt to return to hibernation. (AUDIO: Call to Arms [+]Loading...["Call to Arms (audio story)"])

In 1983, Sarah Jane Smith and K9, while visiting Warren Martyn's archaeological expedition in Egypt, discovered an underground city of Silurians and Sea Devils. Sarah Jane opened diplomatic relations with them. On her return to England, she contacted the Brigadier, who wished to make amends for his earlier mistakes. (COMIC: City of Devils [+]Loading...["City of Devils (comic story)"])

21st century[[edit] | [edit source]]

By 2003 there were Silurians serving as part of UNIT, in particular Imorkal, who worked with Liz at Tranquillity Moonbase located on Earth's Moon. (PROSE: Eternity Weeps [+]Loading...["Eternity Weeps (novel)"]) In the Summer of 2004, the Ninth Doctor rescued two children from "lizard people" in Castleton, in the Peak District. (PROSE: Have You Seen This Man? [+]Loading...["Have You Seen This Man? (short story)"]) Also in 2004, Sir Alistair helped the Silurians try to finally make peace with the humans, though the general public believed it to be a stunt involving men in rubber suits. (AUDIO: The Coup [+]Loading...["The Coup (audio story)"]) Later, the Silurians aided UNIT in finding a cure for a plague. (AUDIO: The Wasting [+]Loading...["The Wasting (audio story)"])

In late 2010, a fossilised Silurian egg was discovered by the Pharos Institute. Sarah Jane went to the institute to take a look at it. (TV: SJAF 6 [+]Loading...["SJAF 6"])

In the 2010s, a Silurian was a resident of the hidden trap street in London which housed lost aliens on Earth under the protection of Mayor Me. As with the rest of the inhabitants it appeared cloaked in human form through use of the lurkworms. (TV: Face the Raven [+]Loading...["Face the Raven (TV story)"])

In 2020, a Silurian city in Wales was awoken by a mining trial led by Nasreen Chaudhry and Tony Mack. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Loading...["The Hungry Earth (TV story)"]) The giant drill had attacked the Silurians' oxygen pockets. (TV: Cold Blood [+]Loading...["Cold Blood (TV story)"]) The Silurians took corpses from a graveyard for study, as well as Mo Northover and later Amy Pond as living subjects. Eventually they contained the village in a force field and captured Elliot Northover. Alaya came to the surface and was captured. While the Eleventh Doctor and Nasreen travelled to the Silurian city to negotiate her return for Mo, Elliot and Amy, Alaya was guarded by Tony, Rory Williams and Ambrose Northover. (TV: The Hungry Earth [+]Loading...["The Hungry Earth (TV story)"]) The Eleventh Doctor and Nasreen were captured, while Amy and Mo escaped.

The Eleventh Doctor and a group of humans in a Silurian city (TV: Cold Blood [+]Loading...["Cold Blood (TV story)"])

After an abortive rescue attempt, the Doctor was able to convince the Silurian leader, Eldane, to negotiate with Amy and Nasreen for the future of both their races. Back on the surface, Ambrose tried to help her family and threatened Alaya, accidentally killing her just as the group were summoned to the city. She also set the drill to start burrowing again in fifteen minutes. Alaya's death, and Ambrose's threat to the city, was received badly, especially by Alaya's sister, Restac, who tried to kill all the humans in retribution. Eldane managed to lead the Doctor and his friends to a laboratory. He released a deadly gas into the city, forcing Restac's troops to return to their hibernation. The Doctor stopped the drilling by destroying the drill with an energy pulse, which also sealed off the city in a cave-in. The timer was set for a thousand years to permit a second chance at negotiation. (TV: Cold Blood [+]Loading...["Cold Blood (TV story)"])

Circa 2084, a group of Silurians allied themselves with the Sea Devils to invade Sea Base 4. They attempted to launch nuclear weapons to provoke a war between the two major power blocs. They were killed when the Fifth Doctor, perceiving no more peaceful option, flooded the base with hexachromite gas in order to kill them. (TV: Warriors of the Deep [+]Loading...["Warriors of the Deep (TV story)"])

Post-contact[[edit] | [edit source]]

At some point after the 2084 incident, a human colony faced a devastating war against the Earth Reptiles. Humans developed a doomsday device which they placed in a base around the moon colony, designed to scour the surface of the satellite. To combat this, the Earth Reptiles dispatched Qurra to infiltrate the base and take it over. However, she was unaware of an entertainer called Jen Yates who was not on the crew count, and this last survivor managed to activate the weapon, killing everyone in the colony. Though Qurra killed Jen, the shock of the event led to Qurra taking on the entertainer's personality to shield her from the truth. She believed that she was now human and that she was guarding the weapon alone in case the Earth Reptiles won the war. After a visit by the Seventh Doctor, Qurra remembered the past and killed herself by walking onto the surface of the moon without a spacesuit. (PROSE: Cold War [+]Loading...["Cold War (short story)"])

In 2367, Solomon sent a distress signal to the Silurian Ark. Realising that there were valuable dinosaurs on board, he and his robots slaughtered the Silurian crew. Unable to pilot the ship to his destination as it required two pilots with the same gene-chain, the Ark headed back to Earth where it was detected by the ISA. The Doctor formed a gang to investigate the ship after learning of the situation and to save the ship from being shot down by the ISA. As the ship came under threat of destruction, it was piloted to safety by Brian and Rory Williams who had the same gene-chain as they were father and son while the missiles were tricked into destroying Solomon's ship instead. In the aftermath, the dinosaurs were taken from the Ark and transported to a new home on Siluria by the Doctor and Brian. (TV: Dinosaurs on a Spaceship [+]Loading...["Dinosaurs on a Spaceship (TV story)"])

By the 26th century, the inter-species conflicts appeared to have come to an end. Silurians and Sea Devils were accepted into Earth society, and the term "Earth Reptile" was apparently popularised among humans. A small squadron of Silurian vessels fought and drove off the Dalek force at the Battle of Alpha Centauri during the Second Dalek War. (PROSE: Love and War [+]Loading...["Love and War (novel)"])

During the 29th century, when solar flares were threatening to engulf the Earth, the Silurians built a spacecraft, surreptitiously attaching it to the bottom of the humans' own. After takeoff, a Dalek attack caused the Silurian ship to break away from the humans. (GAME: Evacuation Earth [+]Loading...["Evacuation Earth (video game)"])

In the 30th century, the Earth Reptiles were part of the Earth Empire, considered full members of the government as an Earthborn species. (PROSE: So Vile a Sin [+]Loading...["So Vile a Sin (novel)"])

One thousand years after the encounter at Cwmtaff, Eldane's clan were scheduled to reawaken and unite with humanity and their Earth Reptile cousins. (TV: Cold Blood [+]Loading...["Cold Blood (TV story)"])

In the 32nd century, it became illegal on Dramos to trade in Earth Reptile pituitary analogue extract. (PROSE: Burning Heart [+]Loading...["Burning Heart (novel)"])

In 3110, a Silurian was running the Musée d'Orsay when the Eleventh Doctor visited it. (PROSE: The War of Art [+]Loading...["The War of Art (WEB short story)"])

Around the 52nd century, a group of armed Silurian warriors resembling those from Wales were called upon by the Eleventh Doctor to help him in the Battle of Demon's Run to rescue Amy Pond. Many of these Silurians were killed by the Headless Monks. (TV: A Good Man Goes to War [+]Loading...["A Good Man Goes to War (TV story)"])

In the 67th century, a Wenley Moor-type Silurian appeared among the Perils of the Constant Division listed in a vid-briefing aboard the hospital ship Tsuranga. (TV: The Tsuranga Conundrum [+]Loading...["The Tsuranga Conundrum (TV story)"])

In the 91st century, a Silurian actor starred as the protagonist of a film adaptation of H. G. Wells' The Time Machine spoken in haiku. (PROSE: Synthespians™ [+]Loading...["Synthespians™ (novel)"])

In the 101st century, the Earth Reptiles were part of the Union. (PROSE: The Crystal Bucephalus [+]Loading...["The Crystal Bucephalus (novel)"])

Undated events[[edit] | [edit source]]

A Silurian on Beachelguese. (COMIC: Surfshock [+]Loading...["Surfshock (comic story)"])

Early Silurians and Sea Devils were part of a fleet of Alien Monsters whose threat to destroy Earth was opposed by a Legendary Legion assembled by the Fourth Doctor. (GAME: Doctor Who Trump Card Game [+]Loading...["Doctor Who Trump Card Game (game)"])

A Silurian visited Beachelguese with a Sea Devil and a Macra. (COMIC: Surfshock [+]Loading...["Surfshock (comic story)"])

At least one Silurian Hunter was abducted and sent to face their fear in the Minotaur's Prison Ship. (TV: The God Complex [+]Loading...["The God Complex (TV story)"])

A dead Silurian was seen on a battlefield. A Corvid fed on its mind. (COMIC: The Highgate Horror [+]Loading...["The Highgate Horror (comic story)"])

A Silurian called Wanda trapped humans in the monkey enclosure in the zoo. (COMIC: Untitled [+]Loading...["Untitled (10DY3 4 comic story)"])

A Silurian in the TARDIS. (GAME: Destiny of the Doctors [+]Loading...["Destiny of the Doctors (video game)"])

The Tremas Master attempted to kill the Doctor's ally the Graak with a group of Silurians. (GAME: Destiny of the Doctors [+]Loading...["Destiny of the Doctors (video game)"])

Silurian Arks were present above Trenzalore when they were drawn there by the First Question. They retreated or burned during the Siege of Trenzalore when the Daleks broke through the planetary force field of the Papal Mainframe and intense fighting began. (TV: The Time of the Doctor (TV [+]Loading...["The Time of the Doctor (TV "])

A Silurian was at Florana when the Eleventh Doctor, Amy, and Rory went there for their summer holiday. (COMIC: Summer Wholiday [+]Loading...["Summer Wholiday (comic story)"])

The Alliance of Races. (COMIC: Gangland [+]Loading...["Gangland (comic story)"])

The Silurians joined Rassilon's Alliance of Races in the Great Inferno, the war with Hyperions. (COMIC: {{cs|Terrorformer (comic story)}) After the Hyperions were defeated, the Alliance then went on to purge the universe of other threats to universal harmony, one of those threats being Count D'if of the Cybock Imperium. (COMIC: Gangland [+]Loading...["Gangland (comic story)"])

Alternate histories[[edit] | [edit source]]

In one alternate version of the 1970s, the Third Doctor having died during the Wenley Moor incident, the Silurians ruled Earth unchecked. They reintroduced dinosaurs into Earth's ecosystem and reduced the surviving humans into powerless scavengers. (PROSE: Blood Heat [+]Loading...["Blood Heat (novel)"])

Another alternate history branched out from the same incident. In this timeline, the Third Doctor and the Brigadier died during the same incident. However the Silurians, Sea Devils and humans now lived in peace under the URIC or United Races Intelligence Command, formerly known as UNIT. (COMIC: Final Genesis [+]Loading...["Final Genesis (comic story)"])

In an alternate timeline created by the Black Guardian where the First Doctor never left Gallifrey, and became Lord President, the Silurians and the Sea Devils fought over Earth with a number of alien invaders such as the Zygons, the Ice Warriors and the Sontarans. This timeline was destroyed when the Seventh Doctor retrieved the Key to Time. (COMIC: Time & Time Again [+]Loading...["Time & Time Again (comic story)"])

In a world where all of history occurred at once, Silurians lived alongside humans. Malohkeh served as physician to the Holy Roman Emperor, Winston Churchill. (TV: The Wedding of River Song [+]Loading...["The Wedding of River Song (TV story)"])

In an alternate timeline where the Cybermen used Time Lord resources to conquer all of history, the Silurians of prehistoric Earth were converted into Cyber-Silurians and transformed Silurian Arks into Cyber-Arks, with the intention of launching the Arks into space and seeding the universe with Cyber-Technology before humanity could begin to evolve. The Eleventh Doctor and Alice Obiefune attempted to stop the Cyber-Silurians, but the Doctor was upgraded into the Cyberiad onboard a Cyber-Ark after teleporting Alice out to escape several newly-awakened Cyber-Silurians. The Doctor used his new cyber-connection to deactivate the emotional inhibitors of the Cyber-Silurians; in retaliation, the Cyberiad killed all the Cyber-Silurians and immediately launched the full Cyber-Ark fleet. However, following the Twelfth Doctor and Rassilon's regeneration of the universe via the Eye of Harmony on Gallifrey, these events, and, by extension, the rest of the timeline, were erased from history. (COMIC: Supremacy of the Cybermen [+]Loading...["Supremacy of the Cybermen (comic story)"])

Parallel dimensions[[edit] | [edit source]]

When Avalon was created as a shelter for the Catuvellauni, some Silurians were unintentionally brought there as well. Their descendants were known as the Fair Folk. (PROSE: The Shadows of Avalon [+]Loading...["The Shadows of Avalon (novel)"])

The Silurians of Mondas[[edit] | [edit source]]

Main article: Lizard King

Lizard Kings were the Mondasian counterparts of the Silurians, much as humans and the Mondasians were identical. (COMIC: The Dead Heart [+]Loading...["The Dead Heart (comic story)"])

References[[edit] | [edit source]]

In the video game Happy Deathday, played by Izzy Sinclair on the Time-Space Visualiser, a Silurian was among a host of "every single enemy" that the Doctor had ever defeated, who were assembled by the Beige Guardian and pitted against the Doctor's first eight incarnations. (COMIC: Happy Deathday [+]Loading...["Happy Deathday (comic story)"])

Jack Harkness stated that the Doctor had once mentioned something described in Silurian mythology that could have been the Blessing. (TV: The Blood Line [+]Loading...["The Blood Line (TV story)"])

The Twelfth Doctor said "It's the Silurians all over again" when Clara Oswald named the Sandmen. (TV: Sleep No More [+]Loading...["Sleep No More (TV story)"])

A Silurian blaster was among the technology appropriated by the Skithra. This was recognised by the Thirteenth Doctor, though her Team TARDIS companions were unfamiliar with them, with Graham O'Brien pronouncing their name as "Slymurian". (TV: Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror [+]Loading...["Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror (TV story)"])

When the Flux scrambled a number of words from the Thirteenth Doctor's past, one of these terms was "Silurians", with the clue left by the Doctor to help readers of her book unscramble it being "reptile rulers". (GAME: Flux Fixers [+]Loading...["Flux Fixers (game)"])

Parallel universes[[edit] | [edit source]]

In the Unbound Universe, the Silurians were rendered extinct when Mike Yates time travelled back to their era and detonated nuclear warheads, killing them all. (AUDIO: Sympathy for the Devil [+]Loading...["Sympathy for the Devil (audio story)"])

Behind the scenes[[edit] | [edit source]]

Dating issue[[edit] | [edit source]]

The era of the Silurians have never been consistently or clearly dated.

  • In the television story Doctor Who and the Silurians, the Silurians were seen to have a globe from some point before the Great Continental Drift of 200 million years ago, which was the late Triassic period. In the same scene, the Third Doctor discovered calculations about the age of the Earth inside Dr Quinn's office with particular reference to the Silurian era (roughly 440 million to 415 million years ago).
  • Narration in the novelisation Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters mentions that the sunset Okdel L'da sees before going into hibernation was "the last time he was to see the sun for a hundred million years".
  • The Third Doctor mused in the television story The Sea Devils that the Eocene period (roughly 55 million to 35 million years ago) would have been a more accurate dating, although this was millions of years after the dinosaurs (which the Silurians were shown using) were believed to have become extinct and (more importantly) millions of years before the earliest ape-like humans appeared.
  • In the television story The Hungry Earth, the Eleventh Doctor told Alaya that she was "300 million years outside of your comfort zone", which would place them around the late Carboniferous, although later in the same episode he referenced that they were sometimes called Eocenes.
  • In said story, it is stated that the Silurians went into hiding due to them mistakenly believing that the moon coming into orbit would destroy the planet; however the moon came into orbit roughly 1,000,000,000 years before life evolved on Earth, even on a cellular level.
  • In the television story Dinosaurs on a Spaceship, the dinosaurs in the Silurian Ark are native to the Cretaceous period. On the other hand, the novel Blood Heat shows the Silurians bringing back extinct species from numerous time periods.
  • Silurians tended to make references to early apes, which are believed to have evolved at some point between 40 and 15 million years ago, or the late Eocene to the Miocene period. Mammalian pets of the Silurians, which eventually evolved into humans, are also depicted in the prologue of the Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters novelisation.
  • The novel The Quantum Archangel suggests that the Moon was orbiting the Earth before 150 million years ago, which means the Silurians ruled before the Jurassic.
  • The novel The Wheel of Ice states that the Silurians were preparing for the disaster 50 million years ago, again placing them in the Eocene.
  • However, the television story Kill the Moon (set in 2049) has the Twelfth Doctor describe the Moon as a "little planetoid that's been tagging along beside [the human race] for a hundred million years", which would mean the Silurians placed themselves into suspended animation during the Cretaceous period.
  • The television story The Crimson Horror has a species from the same era, the red leech. Madame Vastra states that she last saw one 65 million years before 1893, while the Eleventh Doctor plans to return it to the Jurassic period.
  • In the comic story The Crystal Throne, Madame Vastra tells Lady Cornelia Basildon-Stone that she learnt to fight while the human race "still had tails".
  • The bookazine TEDW 5 claims the Silurians ruled during the late Cretaceous era, and the planetoid that approached the Earth caused the Silurian Ark to leave Earth, and the Silurians that were left behind to hide to go into hibernation, "circa 65,000,000 BC".
  • The audio story The Cars That Ate London! has Jenny Flint claiming that Vastra was born 65 million years before the 19th century.
  • In the comic story The Lost Dimension [+]Loading...["The Lost Dimension (comic story)"], Vastra recalls that the Myrka have supposedly been extinct for 65 million years before she encountered one in 1886.
  • Time Traveller's Diary claims that both the Silurians and the Sea Devils co-existed as early as 425,000,000 BC, and dates the launch of the Silurian Ark seen in Dinosaurs on a Spaceship to 100,000,000 BC.
  • The Monster Vault addresses the dating issue of the Silurians. Claiming that they first emerged "about 350 million years ago", the book acknowledges reports of Silurians being active in multiple prehistoric time periods and explains that numerous groups of Silurians had went into hibernation at different times to avoid various incoming disasters, including but not limited to the coming of the Moon. This is also used to explain the appearance of multiple Silurian subspecies, as the remaining groups of Silurians would continue to evolve over thousands of years whilst others went into hibernation.

Naming issue[[edit] | [edit source]]

Another name given in Blood Heat, Psionosauropodamorphae, translates as psychic lizard-foot shaped. This may be intended to suggest a connection between the Silurians and the sauropod family of dinosaurs, though this seems unlikely given the near-total lack of physical resemblance and the comparatively small cerebral capacity of most sauropod dinosaurs. Homo reptilia, one of the suggested names used in PROSE: Doctor Who and the Cave-Monsters, COMIC: City of Devils, TV: The Hungry Earth / Cold Blood and Dinosaurs on a Spaceship, cannot be a scientific term. The rules governing the use of genera prevent any two separate groups within a kingdom (i.e. animals) from using the same genus.

Hence, AUDIO: Tidal Wave as Osgood provide a more sensible alternative, inverting that name: Reptilia sapiens.

Merchandise[[edit] | [edit source]]

  • Dapol released action figures for both classic series variants of the Silurians, with the Warriors of the Deep variant being distinguished by the name "Armoured Silurian".

References in other media[[edit] | [edit source]]

A depiction of a Sea Devil and Silurian in Scarlet Traces: The Great Game.

Other matters[[edit] | [edit source]]

External links[[edit] | [edit source]]

v • e
Homo Reptilia stories
For the purposes of this list, a "Homo Reptilian story" is one in which one living, authentic Silurian or Sea Devil plays a part within the confines of the story, outside of flashbacks to previous stories and cliffhangers that lead into the following story. Stories like Frontier in Space, The Pandorica Opens and The Wedding of River Song are also not included due to Homo Reptilians' cameos being of little consequence to the plot of the story. Stories featuring Madam Vastra of the Paternoster Gang are only included on the Paternoster Gang story template.
Silurians
Television
Prose
Comics
Video games
Audio
Complete list of appearances
Sea Devils
Television
Webcasts
Comics
Prose
Video games
Audio
Complete list of appearances
Mondasian Silurians
and Sea Devils
Comics
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